Evaluation for Cargo Tracking Systems in Railroad Transportation

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1 INTERNATIONAL FORUM ON SHIPPING PORTS AND AIRPORTS Evaluation for Cargo Tracking Systems in Railroad Transportation N.K.Park Tongmyung Univ

2 CONTENTS INTRODUTION BASIC RESEARCH REVIEW THE RAILWAY TRACKING EVALUATION MODEL RAILROADTRANSPORTATION CONCLUSION

3 INTRODUCTION Research Background Ensuring visibility for railroad transportation REQUIR EMENT Implementing type of Cargo tracking systems Evaluation various cargo tracking systems in terms of cost and technology. SATELITE INTERNE T RFID GNSS

Cargo tracking systems Evaluation various cargo tracking

4 BASIC RESEARCH Literature Review Feature of rail transportation Generally speaking, rail transportation has the advantage in price competition compared with other transportation modes on long haulage. Furthermore, as rail transportation is not affected by weather condition, it can guarantee reliable service to customer in terms of right time and right product. Cargo tracking system H.S. Lee (2003) suggested three type of positioning system, which are satellite based positioning system, mobile communication based positioning system and wire-less based positioning system. J.G. Lim et al. (2006) suggested that mobile positioning technology can be classified as network based system and GPS receiver based system and hybrid system which combines two types. Etc.

5 REVIEW THE RAILWAY TRACKING Review of Alternatives for Railway tracking Evaluation alternatives Classification of technology in position and communication TRACKING SYSTEM POSITION Communication GNSS RFID Internet Satellite

of technology in position and communication TRACKING

6 REVIEW THE RAILWAY TRACKING Review of Alternatives for Railway tracking Positioning Technology GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Global Navigation Satellite System is the tracing system which track object on earth using artificial satellite network GPS by USA, GLONASS by Russia, Ga lileo Project by EU, Beidou by China an d QZSS by Japan

System is the tracing system which track object on earth using artificial satellite

7 In reviewing components of GPS, it has three parts which are composed of satellite division, a ground control center, user division. Satellite division had six orbits and twenty four satellites which go round earth on 20,200km height, 55 degree of inclination, 12 hour cycle period. The satellites are stationed in order to receive the signal from minimum five satellites. A ground control center is composed of five control stations. The station tracks satellites by GPS receiver and stores distance into system database. The collected data in the station will be sent to main ground control center for processing orbit decision and control of satellite. User division is composed of antenna and receiver.

The satellites are stationed in order to receive the signal from minimum five satellites. A ground control center is composed of five control stations.

8 REVIEW THE RAILWAY TRACKING Review of Alternatives for Railway tracking Positioning Technology RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) RFID is composed of four components such as RFID Tags, RFID readers antenna and computer networks. The RFID tag is divided into passive type and active type. passive tag is activated by RF signal from re ader. Active tag has its own battery in tag w orking. Active tag is more reliable to recogn ize the signal from long distance due to its p ower rather than passive tag. The signal of a ctive tag with 915MHZ frequency reaches 3 0 meter, the signal of active tag with 2.4GH Z frequency reaches 90 meters for identifica tion.

passive tag is activated by RF signal from re ader. Active tag has its own battery in tag w orking.

9 REVIEW THE RAILWAY TRACKING Review of Alternatives for Railway tracking Communication Technology Internet Communication Types of Internet communication; LAN, WAN MAN, High-Speed Backbone In the research, WAN type is best solution of communication realized by PSTN and ISP Network. As access type, optical cable, xdsl, frame relay, IS DN, Cable Modem, satellite or cable modem be listed. Cable modem type is preferred as a communication alternative because of lower rental cost and cooperati on with CATV. In addition, PSTN of ADSL or VDS L as alternative dropped due to unreliable quality fr om long distance.

As access type, optical cable, xdsl, frame relay, IS DN, Cable Modem, satellite or cable modem be listed.

10 REVIEW THE RAILWAY TRACKING Review of Alternatives for Railway tracking Communication Technology Satellite Communication A Stationary Orbit Satellite and LEO (Low Earth Orbit Satellite) provide communication channel between ground and satellite. A Stationary Orbit Satellite service is presented by INMARSAT and Low earth orbit is presented by Iridium, GLOBALSTAR, ORBCOMM and ICO. LEO has some advantages in terms of lighter wei ght, smaller size, lower power for communication and lower launching cost. This advantage enables for customer to use LEO in field of mobile teleco mmunication, wireless call service and LBS.

A Stationary Orbit Satellite service is presented by INMARSAT and Low earth orbit is presented by Iridium, GLOBALSTAR, ORBCOMM and ICO.

11 EVALUATION MODEL RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION sscenario For Model Evaluation Model Range SEOUL Railroad operation from Busan Jin station to Kyung-In ICD near Seoul as the scenario of model for evaluation of two type systems. BUSAN

from Busan Jin station to Kyung-In ICD near Seoul as the

12 EVALUATION MODEL RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION sscenario For Model Evaluation GNSS Satellite System Combined type of GNSS and satellite communication

13 EVALUATION MODEL RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION sscenario For Model Evaluation RFID Internet System The combined type of RFID and wire communication

14 EVALUATION MODEL RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION sscenario For Model Evaluation Basic Data for Evaluation Number of trains movement per day For Seoul 24 For Busan 22 Total 46 Number of flat cars per train 23 Full loading ratio of train 80% Number of container movement per day Annually operation days 1,100 Van 363 day Annual container movement 399,300 Number of containers to be installed LBS Reuse rate is 30% 119,790 Communication frequency 1 report per 2 hours

train 80% Number of container movement per day Annually operation days 1,100 Van 363 day Annual container

15 EVALUATION MODEL RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION sscenario For Model Evaluation Description of Evaluation Criteria Cost Service Classification Initial Investment Communication fee Service Frequency Coverage of Area Definition Hardware development cost including server and communication Terminal Software development cost including middleware and application Hardware Initial register fee Annual rental fee Service frequency in considering economy aspects and technology aspects Service boundary Unit USD USD Hour Km

including server and communication Terminal Software development cost including middleware and application Hardware Initial

16 CONCLUSION The Result of Calculation GPS - LEO Classification Total Cost Service H/W & Service Communication fee S/W cost frequency Coverage Unit Required Total Unit Required Total Real All Items Items Price Number Cost Price Number cost time area Server 10, ,000 Annual ,790 54,624,240 rental cost Application 50, ,000 Registered fee Satellite Terminal embedding 0 119,790 0 GPS ,790 1,796,850 Sub Total 70,000 56,421,090 Grand Total 56,471,090

cost time area Server 10,000 2 20,000 Annual 38 119,790 54,624,240 rental cost Application 50,000 1 50,000 Registered

17 CONCLUSION The Result of Calculation RFID - INTERNET Classification Total Cost Service H/W & Service Communication fee S/W cost frequency Coverage Items Unit Price Required Number Total Cost Server 10, ,000 Items Unit Price Required Number Total cost Annual Rental cost ,880 ithin 50, ,000 Registered fee n.a n.a n.a RFID tag ,790 5,989,500 RFID Reader 13 3, ,000 Sub Total 6,083,500 2,880 Time Difference Between Readers Within 150 meters Grand Total 6,086,370

Total cost Annual Rental cost 30 8 2,880 ithin 50,000 1 50,000 Registered fee n.a n.

18 CONCLUSION Conclusion Result Cargo tracking is a challenging issue in train transportation because of long distance haulage, theft, terror attack and customer service. There are different set of technologies to implement cargo tracking system. Positioning technology and communication technology are main technological part of cargo tracking system. In this paper we suggested two types of alternatives i.e. GPS-satellite and RFID-Internet reflecting on technology reliability and cost aspects. Furthermore, this paper tried to compare cost and service in order to give some guide for implementation. In short, in terms of cost, RFID-Internet type is superior to GNSS-satellite type. However in terms of service, GNSS-satellite type is preferred to RFID-Satellite with respect to area coverage and service coverage.

In this paper we suggested two types of alternatives i.e. GPS-satellite and RFID-Internet reflecting on technology reliability and cost aspects.

19 Thank you

Presentation by: Dimov Stojce Ilcev DUT. CNS Systems. August 2011

Satellite Asset Tracking (SAT) of Ships, Containers, Vehicles, Wagons and Aircraft Presentation by: Dimov Stojce Ilcev DUT CNS Systems August 2011 SATELLITE OPERATORS Current Satellite Constellations Suitable