Printed Electronics on Paper Towards Paper Electronics

Transcription

1 Printed Electronics on Paper Towards Paper Electronics Martti Toivakka Laboratory of Paper Coating and Converting Center for FunctionalMaterials Åbo Akademi University Paper Electronics is not Electronic Paper! E Ink Amazon Kindle

2 Let s be realistic, this will not happen on paper!* * Paper defined as a natural fiber-based material Fulton Innovation

3 Paper Electronics for Pre-school! Scientific Tuesdays, Paper Electronics = Disposable Printed Electronics on/in Paper with Commercial Potential Electrochemical Paper Display, Acreo, SE Paper Accelerometer Could Mean Disposable Devices, X. Liu, et al. Zero-Cost Diagnostics, G.M. Whitesides µpads & paper-based microfluidic devices, X. Li et. al., Biomicrofluidics 6, (2012) Li-ion paper-batteries, Jabbour et al. Pharma DDSi, StoraEnso Gas sensor on paper, Peltonen et al., FunMat/FlexSens

4 Market Prediction for Printed Electronics IDTechEx, April 19, 2012: printed electronics is expected to reach $45 billion in 2022 (2011 market size = $2.2 Billion) electronics.ca, April 11, 2012: Global Market for Printed Electronics to Reach $12.6 Billion in 2016 NanoMarkets report, 2010: Thin film/printable batteries market to reach $5.6 Billion by 2015 Printed sensors generate $5.4 billion in revenues by 2016 IDTechEx, 2007 NanoMarkets: Printed electronics hasn t turned out the way we all hoped.

5 Raghu Das, CEO, IDTechEx, 25 Feb 2014, Prinse 14: Market Prediction for Printed and Flexible Sensor Technologies (IDTechEx) 2014 will be the year when some of these sensors will start shipping to end users. By 2020, the combined market value of the sensor modules will be worth almost $120 million. IDTechEx, February 2, 2014

6 Challenges of Printing Electronics on Paper R. Bollstrom, D. Tobjörk, A. Määttänen, P. Ihalainen, R. Österbacka, J. Peltonen, M. Toivakka,: Org. Electronics, 10, 1020 (2009) Functional Printing on Uncoated Paper Inkjetted Particulate Silver Ink R. Bollström et al., Inkjetted PEDOT:PSS-SWCNT Ink 200 µm Poor performance due to: High surface roughness Uncontrolled spreading Uncontrolled absorption P. Angelo et al. NPPRJ 27(2):486, 2012

7 14 Example Substrate Concept For Paper Electronics Topcoating (Kaolin) 0.5-5µm Barrier layer (Latex) 1-25 µm Smoothing layer (Kaolin) Precoating (GCC) Basepaper Bollström, R., A. Määttänen, D. Tobjörk, P. Ihalainen, N. Kaihovirta, R. Österbacka, J. Peltonen, and M. Toivakka. "A multilayer coated fiber-based substrate suitable for printed functionality." Organic Electronics 10, no. 5 (2009):

8 Commercial Papers for Printed Electronics Arjowiggins Felix Schoeller Ilford Printed Electronics Ltd Printed Electronics Requires Surface Smoothness Smoothing layer (Kaolin) RMS 300 nm Precoating (GCC) RMS 580 nm Calandered topcoating (Kaolin) RMS 55 nm Barrier layer (Latex) RMS 260 nm Mylar A RMS 30 nm Basepaper: 80 g/m 2 woodfree 250 µm Omya J. Järnström, P. Ihalainen, K. Backfolk, J. Peltonen: Applied Surface Science 2542 (2008) 5741 R. Bollstrom, D. Tobjörk, A. Määttänen, P. Ihalainen, R. Österbacka, J. Peltonen, M. Toivakka,: Org. Electronics, 10, 1020 (2009) R. Bollström, A. Määttänen, P. Ihalainen, M. Toivakka, J. Peltonen: Patent application PCT/FI2010/050056

9 Roughness vs. Conductivity Ag comb structure: -Line width 185 µm -Gap 595 µm Barrier layer Silver Topcoat Precoat Smoothing layer Base paper Silver ink for inkjet: Silver content 20 wt% Viscosity C Surface tension dynes/cm Määttänen, et al., Colloid Surfaces A 367 (2010) Barrier Properties and Solvent Resistance P3HT in DCB

10 Improved Inkjet Printability Through Control of Paper Surface Wettability Ink: 0.5 wt.% P3HT in o-dichlorobenzene (o-dcb), V = 10 pl P3HT PET Määttänen, A., Ihalainen, P., Bollström, R., Toivakka, M., & Peltonen, J. (2010). Colloids and SurfacesA: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 367(1-3), Influence of Paper Surface Porosity on Flexography Printability Flexo printability of Ag ink

11 IR-sintering of Ag-nanoparticle Ink Especially suitable on paper: high diffuse reflectance, low thermal conductivity and high thermal stability of paper Volume resistivity of inkjetted Ag below 15 μωcm Volume resistivity (µωcm) 30 Inkjetted AgNPs on paper 25 Bulk resistivity of Ag Irradiation time (s) D. Tobjörk, H. Aarnio, P. Pulkkinen, R. Bollström, A. Määttänen, P. Ihalainen, T. Mäkelä, J. Peltonen, M. Toivakka, H. Tenhu, R. Österbacka, IR-sintering of ink-jet printed metal-nanoparticles on paper,thinsolid Films, 520(7), , Paper Electronics from Components to Devices and Products Input/Output device e.g., electrochromic inks, color indicators Memory device e.g., fullerenes + polymers Device Smart label /package, Sensor, Diagnostic system Power Supply e.g., printed battery, solar cell, fuel cell Logic device transistor, e.g., Hygroscopic Insulator FET

12 FunPrinter - Custom-built Hybrid Printer Alignment Camera Infrared Inkjet Flexography Unwinder Rewinder Infrared Reverse Gravure Spray Coating Ovens Proof-of-concept Devices on Paper Transistor Ring oscillator Electrochromic pixels Hydrogen sulfide sensor Oxygen sensor Ion-selective electrodes Reaction array Printable circuit for gas sensors

13 Conclusions and Outlook Printed transistors and other devices as well as sensors can be fabricated on multilayer coated specialty paper Main challenges are niche market position, market resistance and non-existence of suitable hybrid printers (paper is not allowed in clean rooms) Highest commercialization potential initially for simple sensors for biological, biomedical and chemical applications lab-on-a-chip & bioanalytics Recent Publications Bollström R., Nyqvist R., Preston J., Salminen P. and Toivakka M. (2013) Barrier properties created by dispersion coating. TAPPI Journal, 12(4), Bollström R., Tobjörk D., Dolietis P., Salminen P., Preston J., Österbacka R. and Toivakka M. (2013) Printability of functional inks on multilayer curtain coated paper. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 68, Stepien M., Saarinen J.J., Teisala H., Tuominen M., Aromaa M., Haapanen J., Kuusipalo J., Makela J.M. and Toivakka M. (2013) ToF-SIMS Analysis of UV-Switchable TiO2-Nanoparticle-Coated Paper Surface. Langmuir, 29(11), Valtakari D., Bollström R., Tuominen M., Teisala H., Aromaa M., Toivakka M., Kuusipalo J., Mäkelä J.M., Uozumi J. and Saarinen J.J. (2013) Flexographic printing of PEDOT:PSS on coated papers for printed functionality. Journal of Print and Media Technology Research, 2(1), Ylikantola A., Linnanto J., Knuutinen J., Oravilahti A. and Toivakka M. (2013) Molecular modeling studies of interactions between sodium polyacrylate polymer and calcite surface. Applied Surface Science, 276, Bollström, R., M. Tuominen, A. Määttänen, J. Peltonen, and M. Toivakka. "Top layer coatability on barrier coatings." Progress in Organic Coatings 73, no. 1 (2012): Bollström, R., J. J. Saarinen, J. Räty, and M. Toivakka. "Measuring solvent barrier properties of paper." Measurement Science and Technology 23 (2012): Tobjörk, D., H. Aarnio, P. Pulkkinen, R. Bollström, A. Määttänen, P. Ihalainen, T. Mäkelä, J. Peltonen, M. Toivakka, H. Tenhu et al. "IR-sintering of ink-jet printed metal-nanoparticles on paper." Thin Solid Films 520, no. 7 (2012): Ihalainen, P., A. Määttänen, U. Mattinen, M. Stepien, R. Bollström, M. Toivakka, J. Bobacka, and J. Peltonen. "Electrodeposition of PEDOT-Cl film on a fully printed Ag/polyaniline electrode." Thin Solid Films 519 (2011): Saarinen, J. J., P. Ihalainen, A. Määttänen, R. Bollström, and J. Peltonen. "Printed sensor and electric field assisted wetting on a natural fibre based substrate." Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal 26, no. 1 (2011). Määttänen, A., D. Fors, S. Wang, D. Valtakari, P. Ihalainen, and J. Peltonen. "Paper-based planar reaction arrays for printed diagnostics." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 160, no. 1 (2011): Määttänen, A., P. Ihalainen, R. Bollström, M. Toivakka, and J. Peltonen. "Wetting and print quality study of an inkjethttp://