Built-In Workbooks. Skills. Reference. Prerequisite Skills Extra Practice Mixed Problem Solving

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1 Built-In Workbooks Prerequisite Skills Etra Practice Mied Problem Solving Preparing for Standardized Tests Skills Trigonometr The Tangent Ratio The Sine and Cosine Ratios Table of Trigonometric Ratios Measurement Conversion Converting Measures of Area and Volume Converting Between Measurement Sstems Reference English-Spanish Glossar Selected Answers Photo Credits Inde Formulas and Smbols Inside Back Cover How To Cover Your Book Inside Back Cover 598 Peter Read Miller/Sports Illustrated

2 A Student Handbook is the additional skill and reference material found at the end of books. The Student Handbook can help answer these questions. What If I Forget What I Learned Last Year? Use the Prerequisite Skills section to refresh our memor about things ou have learned in other math classes. 1 Estimation Strategies Displaing Data on Graphs Converting Measurements within the Customar Sstem 4 Converting Measurements within the Metric Sstem 5 Divisibilit Patterns 6 Prime Factorization 7 Greastest Common Factor 8 Simplifing Fractions 9 Least Common Multiple 10 Perimeter and Area of Rectangles 11 Plotting Points on a Coordinate Plane 1 Measuring and Drawing Angles What If I Need More Practice? The Etra Practice section provides additional problems for each lesson. What If I Have Trouble with Word Problems? The Mied Problem Solving pages provide additional word problems that use the skills in each chapter. What If I Need Help on Taking Tests? The Preparing for Standardized Tests section gives ou tips and practice on how to answer different tpes of questions that appear on tests. What If I Need Practice in Trigonometr and Measurement Conversion? The Trigonometr section gives ou more instruction and practice on the sine, cosine, and tangent ratios. The Measurement Conversion section gives instruction and practice on converting measures between the metric and customar sstems. What If I Forget a Vocabular Word? The English-Spanish Glossar provides a list of important, or difficult, words used throughout the tetbook. It provides a definition in English and Spanish as well as the page number(s) where the word can be found. What If I Need to Check a Homework Answer? The answers to the odd-numbered problems are included in Selected Answers. Check our answers to make sure ou understand how to solve all of the assigned problems. What If I Need to Find Something Quickl? The Inde alphabeticall lists the subjects covered throughout the entire tetbook and the pages on which each subject can be found. What If I Forget a Formula? Inside the back cover of our math book is a list of Formulas and Smbols that are used in the book. Student Handbook 599

3 Prerequisite Skills Prerequisite Skills Estimation Strategies Sometimes ou do not need to know the eact answer to a problem, or ou ma want to check the reasonableness of an answer. In those instances, ou can use estimation. There are several different methods of estimation. A common method is to use rounding. Estimate b Rounding Estimate b rounding Round each number to the nearest hundred. Then multipl ,000 The product is about 60, Round each number to the nearest ten. Then add The sum is about 50. You can use clustering to estimate sums. Clustering works best with numbers that all round to approimatel the same number. Estimate b Clustering Estimate b clustering All of the numbers are close to 15. There are four numbers. The sum is about 4 15 or All of the numbers are close to 100. There are five numbers. The sum is about or 500. Compatible numbers are numbers that are eas to compute with mentall. Estimate b Using Compatible Numbers Estimate b using compatible numbers is close to 75, and 4.7 is close to The quotient is about. The fractions 8 and are close to (7 1 0) or 40 The sum is about Prerequisite Skills

4 Astrateg that works well for some addition and subtraction problems is front-end estimation. This strateg involves adding or subtracting the left-most column of digits. Then, add or subtract the net column of digits. Anne zeros for the remaining digits. Use Front-End Estimation Use front-end estimation to find an estimate. 5,8,64 5,8 5, ,64, , The sum is about 8,800. The difference is about 61. Prerequisite Skills Eercises Estimate b rounding Estimate b clustering Estimate b using compatible numbers Estimate b using front-end estimation ,456 8, Use an method to estimate , , ,715. 1, MNEY MATTERS At an arts and crafts festival, Lena selected items priced at $5.98, $7.5, $.5, $8.75, $9.85, $.50, and $7.5. She has $50 in cash. How could she use estimation to see if she can use cash or if she needs to write a check? Prerequisite Skills 601

5 Prerequisite Skills Displaing Data in Graphs Statistics involves collecting, analzing, and presenting information, called data. Graphs displa data to help readers make sense of the information. Bar graphs are used to compare the frequenc of data. The bar graph below compares the average number of vacation das given b countries to their workers. Double bar graphs compare two sets of data. The double bar graph below shows the percent of men and women 65 and older who held jobs in various ears. Average Number of Das (Per Year) Vacation Time Ital France Canada Japan United States Number of People lder Workers Year Source: The World Almanac Men Women Source: The World Almanac Line graphs usuall show how values change over time. The line graph below shows the number of people per square mile in the U.S. from 1800 through 000. U.S. Population Densit Double line graphs, like double bar graphs, show two sets of data. The double line graph below compares the amount of mone spent b both domestic and foreign U.S. travelers. Tourism in U.S. People per Square Mile Source: The World Almanac Year Billions of Dollars Spent Source: The World Almanac Foreign travelers Domestic travelers Year Stem-and-leaf plots are a sstem used to condense a set of data where the greatest place value of the data is used for the stems and the net greatest place value forms the leaves. Each data value can be seen in this tpe of graph. The stem-and-leaf plot below contains this list of mathematics test scores: The least number has 6 in the tens place. Stem Leaf The greatest number has 9 in the tens place The stems are 6, 7, 8, and The leaves are ordered from least to greatest Prerequisite Skills 6 6

6 Choose a Displa Shonn is writing a research paper about the lmpics for her social studies class. She wants to include a graph that shows how the times in the 400-meter run have changed over time. Should she use a line graph, bar graph, or stem-and-leaf plot? Since the data would show how the times have changed over a period of time, she should choose a line graph. Prerequisite Skills Eercises Determine whether a bar graph, double bar graph, line graph, double line graph, or stem-and-leaf plot is the best wa to displa each of the following sets of data. Eplain our reasoning. 1. how the income of households has changed from 1950 through 000. the income of an average household in si different countries. the prices for a loaf of bread in twent different supermarkets 4. the number of bos and the number of girls participating in si different school sports Refer to the bar graph, double bar graph, line graph, double line graph, and stem-and-leaf plot on page Write several sentences to describe the data shown in the graph titled Vacation Time. Include a comparison of the das worked for Canada and the U.S. 6. Write several sentences to describe the data shown in the graph titled lder Workers. What other tpe or tpes of graphs could ou use to displa this data? Eplain our reasoning. 7. Write several sentences to describe the data shown in the graph titled Tourism in U.S. What other tpe or tpes of graphs could ou use to displa this data? Eplain our reasoning. 8. Write several sentences to describe the data shown in the graph titled U.S. Population Densit. What other tpe or tpes of graphs could ou use to displa this data? Eplain our reasoning. 9. Write several sentences to describe the data shown in the stem-and-leaf plot of mathematics test scores. What is an advantage of showing the scores in this tpe of graph? For Eercises 10 14, use the stem-and-leaf plot at the right that shows the number of stories in the tallest buildings in Dallas, Teas. 10. How man buildings does the stem-and-leaf plot represent? Stem 11. How man stories are there for the shortest building in the stem-and-leaf plot? the tallest building? 1. What is the median number of stories for these buildings? 1. What is the mean number of stories for these buildings? 14. Eplain how the stem-and-leaf plot is useful in displaing the data. Leaf Prerequisite Skills 60

7 Prerequisite Skills Converting Measurements within the Customar Sstem The units of length in the customar sstem are inch, foot, ard, and mile. The table shows the relationships among these units. To convert from larger units to smaller units, multipl. To convert from smaller units to larger units, divide. Customar Units of Length 1 mile (mi) 5,80 feet 1 foot (ft) 1 inches (in.) 1 ard (d) feet Larger Units Smaller Units Smaller Units Larger Units 7 ft in. 108 in ft 4 mi 4 5,80 1,10 ft 15 ft 15 5 d There will be a greater number of smaller units than larger units. There will be fewer larger units than smaller units. Convert Customar Units of Length Complete each sentence. 8 d? ft 144 in.? ft 7.5 mi? ft 8 d (8 ) ft 144 in. (144 1) ft 7.5 mi (7.5 5,80) ft 4 ft 1 ft 9,600 ft The units of weight in the customar sstem are ounce, pound, and ton. The table at the right shows the relationships among these units. As with units of length, to convert from larger units to smaller units, multipl. To convert from smaller units to larger units, divide. Customar Units of Weight 1 pound (lb) 16 ounces (oz) 1 ton (T),000 pounds Convert Customar Units of Weight Complete each sentence. 1,400 lb? T 9 oz? lb 1,400 lb 1,400,000 or 6. T 9 oz 9 16 or 5.75 lb Capacit is the amount of liquid or dr substance a container can hold. Customar units of capacit are fluid ounces, cup, pint, quart, and gallon. The relationships among these units are shown in the table. Customar Units of Capacit 1 cup (c) 8 fluid ounces (fl oz) 1 pint (pt) cups 1 quart (qt) pints 1 gallon (gal) 4 quarts Convert Customar Units of Capacit Complete each sentence. 64 fl oz? c 4.4 gal? qt 64 fl oz 64 8 or 8 c 4.4 gal or 17.6 qt 604 Prerequisite Skills

8 Convert Customar Units Using Two Steps 1 pt? gal 1 pt (1 ) qt First, change pints 6 qt (6 4) gal 6 qt to quarts. 1.5 gal So, 1 pints 1.5 gallons. Then, change quarts to gallons. Prerequisite Skills Units of time can also be converted. The table shows the relationships between these units Units of Time 60 seconds (s) 1 minute (min) 60 minutes 1 hour (h) 4 hours 1 da 7 das 1 week 5 weeks 1 ear 65 das 1 ear Convert Units of Time Complete each sentence. 84 h? das 5 weeks? das 84 h 84 4 or.5 das 5 weeks 5 7 or 5 das Adding Mied Measures Find the sum of 4 feet 7 inches and 5 feet 10 inches. Simplif. 4 ft 7 in. Line up like units and add. 5ft10in. 9 ft 17 in. 9 ft (1 in. 5 in.) Separate 17 in. into 1 in. and 5 in. 10 ft 5 in. Replace 1 in. with 1 ft and add like units. Eercises Complete each sentence. 1. mi? ft. 48 oz? lb. 10 min? h T? lb 5. 5 das? h 6. 6,60 ft? mi ft? d 8. 5 gal? qt fl oz? c weeks? das c? gal ,080 in.? mi 1. 5 T? oz h? das oz? lb pt? gal mi? d gal? c ,080 d? mi das? weeks 1. 1 da? s Find each sum.. 15 ft in.. 5 gal 1 qt 4. 1 h 15 min ft 7 in. 10 gal qt 7 h55min lb 14 oz 6. 4 d ft 7. 1 das 7 h 6 lb 1 oz 16 d 1 ft 44 das 0 h Prerequisite Skills 605

9 Prerequisite Skills Converting Measurements within the Metric Sstem All units of length in the metric sstem are defined in terms of the meter (m). The diagram below shows the relationships between some common metric units. 1, kilometer meter centimeter millimeter km m cm mm 1, To convert from larger units to smaller units, multipl. To convert from smaller units to larger units, divide. Comparing Metric and Customar Units of Length 1 mm 0.04 inch (height of a comma) 1 cm 0.4 inch (half the width of a penn) 1 m 1.1 ards (width of a doorwa) 1 km 0.6 mile (length of a cit block) Converting From Larger Units to Smaller Units 1 km 1 1,000 1,000 m 1 m cm 1 cm mm Converting From Smaller Units to Larger Units 1 mm cm 1 cm m 1 m 1 1, km There will be a greater number of smaller units than larger units. There will be fewer larger units than smaller units. Convert Metric Units of Length Complete each sentence. 7 km? m 1 cm? m 8.9 cm? mm 7 km (7 1,000) m 1 cm (1 100) m 8.9 cm (8.9 10) mm 7,000 m 1. m 89 mm The basic unit of capacit in the metric sstem is the liter (L). A liter and milliliter (ml) are related in a manner similar to meter and millimeter. 1,000 1 L 1,000 ml 1,000 Comparing Metric and Customar Units of Capacit 1 ml 0.0 ounce (drop of water) 1 L 1 quart (bottle of ketchup) Convert Metric Units of Capacit Complete each sentence L? ml 750 ml? L 14.5 L ,000 or 14,500 ml 750 ml 750 1,000 or 0.75 L The mass of an object is the amount of matter that it contains. The basic unit of mass in the metric sstem is the kilogram (kg). Kilogram, gram (g), and milligram (mg) are related in a manner similar to kilometer, meter, and millimeter. 1 kg 1,000 g 1 g 1,000 mg Comparing Metric and Customar Units of Mass 1 g 0.04 ounce (one raisin) 1 kg. pounds (si medium apples) 606 Prerequisite Skills

10 Convert Metric Units of Mass Complete each sentence. 5 kg? g 4,500 g? kg 5 kg 5 1,000 or 5,000 g 4,500 g 4,500 1,000 or 4.5 kg Sometimes ou need to perform more than one conversion to get the desired unit. Prerequisite Skills Convert Metric Units Using Two Steps Complete each sentence. 5,000 cm? km 4.5 kg? mg 5,000 cm 5, m 4.5 kg 4.5 1,000 g 50 m 4,500 g 50 m 50 1,000 km 4,500 g 4,500 1,000 mg 0.5 km 4,500,000 mg So, 5,000 cm 0.5 km. So, 4.5 kg 4,500,000 mg. Eercises State which metric unit ou would probabl use to measure each item. 1. mass of an elephant. amount of juice in a pitcher. length of a room 4. distance across a state 5. mass of a small stone 6. length of a paper clip 7. height of a large tree 8. amount of water in a medicine dropper 9. width of a sheet of paper 10. diameter of the head of a pin 11. mass of a truck 1. cruising altitude of a passenger jet Complete each sentence mm? cm 14.,500 g? kg 15. 5,000 m? km L? ml 17. 8,000 mg? g km? m kg? g cm? mm m? cm. 8.5 kg? g. 655 ml? L cm? m m? km 6. 4,000 mm? m 7. 60,000 mg? kg 8. 8,500 cm? km 9. 5 km? cm 0. 1 kg? mg 1. 8 L? ml. 7.6 cm? mm L? ml km? m 5. 45,000 mg? kg 6. 1 km? mm 7. RACES Priscilla is running a five-kilometer race. How man meters long is the race? 8. MEDICINE Alarge container of medicine contains 0.5 liter of the drug. How man 5-milliliter doses of the drug are in this container? Prerequisite Skills 607

11 Prerequisite Skills Divisibilit Patterns If a number is a factor of a given number, ou can also sa the given number is divisible b the factor. For eample, 144 is divisible b 9 since , a whole number. A number n is a factor of a number m if m is divisible b n. A number is divisible b: if the ones digit is divisible b. if the sum of the digits is divisible b. 4 if the number formed b the last two digits is divisible b 4. 5 if the ones digit is 0 or 5. 6 if the number is divisible b both and. 8 if the number formed b the last three digits is divisible b 8. 9 if the sum of the digits is divisible b if the ones digit is 0. Use Divisibilit Rules Determine whether,418 is divisible b,, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, or 10. : Yes; the ones digit, 8, is divisible b. : Yes; the sum of the digits, , is divisible b. 4: No; the number formed b the last two digits, 18, is not divisible b 4. 5: No; the ones digit is not 0 or 5. 6: Yes; the number is divisible b and. 8: No; 418 is not divisible b 8. 9: No; the sum of the digits, 15, is not divisible b 9. 10: No; the ones digit is not 0. So,,418 is divisible b,, and 6, but not b 4, 5, 8, 9, or 10. Eercises Determine whether each number is divisible b,, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, or , ,700 9., , , , , Is a factor of 777? 18. Is 5 a factor of? 19. Is 6 a factor of 198? 0. Is 795 divisible b 10? 1. Is 989 divisible b 9?. Is,48 divisible b 4?. The number 87a,46b is divisible b 6. What are possible values of a and b? 4. FLAGS Each star in the U.S. flag represents a state. If another state joins the Union, could the stars be arranged in a rectangular arra? Eplain. 608 Prerequisite Skills

12 Prime Factorization When a whole number greater than 1 has eactl two factors, 1 and itself, it is called a prime number. When a whole number greater than 1 has more than two factors, it is called a composite number. The numbers 0 and 1 are neither prime nor composite. Notice that 0 has an endless number of factors and 1 has onl one factor, itself. Identif Numbers as Prime or Composite Prerequisite Skills Determine whether each number is prime, composite, or neither. 59 The numbers 1,, and 11 divide into evenl. So, is composite. The onl numbers that divide evenl into 59 are 1 and 59. So, 59 is prime. When a number is epressed as a product of factors that are all prime, the epression is called the prime factorization of the number. A factor tree is useful in finding the prime factorization of a number. Write Prime Factorization Use a factor tree to write the prime factorization of 60. You can begin a factor tree for 60 in several was Notice that the bottom row of branches in ever factor tree is the same ecept for the order in which the factors are written. So, 60 5 or Ever number has a unique set of prime factors. This propert of numbers is called the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic. Eercises Determine whether each number is prime, composite, or neither Write the prime factorization of each number ,900 Prerequisite Skills 609

13 Prerequisite Skills Greatest Common Factor The greatest of the factors common to two or more numbers is called the greatest common factor (GCF) of the numbers. ne wa to find the GCF is to list the factors of the numbers. Find the GCF Find the greatest common factor of 6 and 60. Method 1 List the factors. factors of 6: 1,,, 4, 6, 9, 1, 18, 6 factors of 60: 1,,, 4, 5, 6, 10, 1, 15, 0, 0, 60 The greatest common factor of 6 and 60 is 1. Common factors of 6 and 60: 1,,, 4, 6, 1 Method Use prime factorization The GCF is or 1. Common prime factors of 6 and 60:,, Find the GCF Find the greatest common factor of 54, 81, and 90. Use a factor tree to find the prime factorization of each number The common prime factors of 54, 81, and 90 are and. The GCF of 54, 81, and 90 is or Eercises Find the GCF of each set of numbers , 0. 7, 54. 4, , , 60 6., , , , , , 6, , 49, DESIGN Suppose ou are tiling a tabletop with 6-inch square tiles. How man of these squares will be needed to cover a 0-inch b 4-inch table? 14. SHELVING Emil is cutting a 7-inch-long board and a 54-inch-long board to make shelves. He wants the shelves to be the same length while not wasting an wood. What is the longest possible length of the shelves? Two or more numbers are relativel prime if their greatest common factor is 1. Determine whether each set of numbers is relativel prime , , 1 17., , 8, Prerequisite Skills

14 Simplifing Fractions Fractions, mied numbers, decimals, and integers are eamples of rational numbers. When a rational number is represented as a fraction, it is often epressed in simplest form. A fraction is in simplest form when the GCF of the numerator and denominator is 1. Simplif Fractions Write 0 in simplest form. 45 Method 1 Divide b the GCF. 0 5 Factor the numerator Factor the denominator. The GCF of 0 and 45 is 5 or 15. Method Use prime factorization Divide numerator and denominator b the Simplif. GCF, 15. Write the prime factorization of the numerator and denominator. Divide the numerator and denominator b the GCF, 5. Prerequisite Skills Eercises Write each fraction in simplest form. If the fraction is alread in simplest form, write simplest form , 000 6, , Both the numerator and the denominator of a fraction are even. Can ou tell whether the fraction is in simplest form? Eplain. 7. WEATHER The rainiest place on Earth is Waialeale, Hawaii. f 65 das per ear, the average number of rain das is 5. Write a fraction in simplest form to represent these rain das as a part of a ear. 8. LYMPICS In the 000 lmpics, Brooke Bennett of the U.S. swam the 800-meter freestle event in about 8 minutes. Epress 8 minutes in terms of hours using a fraction in simplest form. Prerequisite Skills 611

15 Prerequisite Skills Least Common Multiple A multiple of a number is the product of that number and an whole number. List Multiples List the first si multiples of , , 15 0, 15 45, , The first si multiples of 15 are 0, 15, 0, 45, 60, 75. The least of the nonzero common multiples of two or more numbers is called the least common multiple (LCM) of the numbers. To find the LCM of two or more numbers, ou can list the multiples of each number until a common multiple is found, or ou can use prime factorization. Find the LCM Find the LCM of 1 and 18. Method 1 List the multiples. Method Use prime factorization. multiples of 1: 0, 1, 4, 6, 48, 1 Write the prime factorization multiples of 18: 0, 18, 6, 7, 90, of each number. 18 The LCM of 1 and 18 is 6. Multipl the factors, using the Remember that the LCM is common factors onl once. a nonzero number. The LCM is or 6. Eercises List the first si multiples of each number Find the least common multiple (LCM) of each set of numbers , , , , , , 4 17., 7, 8 18.,, , 8, , 1, , 8, 0. 10, 1, 14. 5, 5, , 1, , 170, , 10, , 100, 1, , 00, 00 9.,, 5, 7 0., 15, 5, 6 1. CIVICS In the United States, a president is elected ever four ears. Members of the House of Representatives are elected ever two ears. Senators are elected ever si ears. If a voter had the opportunit to vote for a president, a representative, and a senator in 1996, what will be the net ear the voter has a chance to make a choice for a president, a representative, and the same Senate seat? 61 Prerequisite Skills

16 Perimeter and Area of Rectangles The distance around a geometric figure is called its perimeter. The perimeter P of a rectangle is twice the sum of the length and width w, or P w. The measure of the surface enclosed b a figure is its area. The area A of a rectangle is the product of the length and width w, or A w. Find the Perimeter and Area of a Rectangle Prerequisite Skills Find the perimeter of the rectangle. P w Write the formula.. P (7) (1) Replace with 7 and w with 1. P 54 4 Multipl. P 78 Add. The perimeter is 78 feet. Find the area of the rectangle. A w Write the formula. A 7 1 Replace with 7 and w with 1. A 4 Multipl. The area is 4 square feet. 1 ft 7 ft A square is a rectangle whose sides are all the same length. The perimeter P of a square is four times the side length s, or P 4s. Its area A is the square of the side length, or A s. Estimate the Perimeter and Area of a Square Find the approimate perimeter and area of a square with side length inches. P 4s Write the formula. A s Write the formula. P Replace s with A Replace s with P 4(7) or 8 Estimate. A 7 or 49 Estimate. The perimeter is about 8 inches. The area is about 49 square inches. Eercises Find the perimeter and area of each figure in. 4. m 5 d 6 m 6.5 in. 8 d 7.5 cm 7.5 cm 5. rectangle: mm b 5 mm 6. rectangle: 144 mi b 5 mi 7. square: side length, 75 ft 8. square: side length, 0.75 d 9. rectangle: 4. cm b.7 cm 10. square: side length of 65 m 11. square: side length of 87 km 1. rectangle: mm b 45. mm Prerequisite Skills 61

17 Prerequisite Skills Plotting Points on a Coordinate Plane An ordered pair of numbers is used to locate an point on a coordinate plane. The first number is called the -coordinate. The second number is called the -coordinate. Identif rdered Pairs -coordinate -coordinate (4, ) ordered pair Write the ordered pair that names point A. Step 1 Start at the origin. Step Move left on the -ais to find the -coordinate of point A, which is 1. Step Move up along the -ais to find the -coordinate which is 4. A B The ordered pair for point A is (1, 4). Write the ordered pair that names point B. The -coordinate of B is. Since the point lies on the -ais, its -coordinate is 0. The ordered pair for point B is (, 0). Graph an rdered Pair Graph and label the point C(, ) on a coordinate plane. Step 1 Start at the origin. Step Since the -coordinate is, move units right. Step Since the -coordinate is, move down units. Draw and label a dot. C (, ) Eercises Name the ordered pair for the coordinates of each point on the coordinate plane. Z T 1. Z. X. W 4. Y 5. T 6. V 7. U 8. S 9. Q 10. R 11. P 1. M U Y V X W P R Graph each point on the same coordinate plane. 1. A(4, 7) 14. C(1, 0) 15. B(0, 7) M S Q 16. E(1, ) 17. D(4, 7) 18. F(10, ) 19. G(9, 9) 0. J(7, 8) 1. K(6, 0). H(0, ). I(4, 0) 4. M(, 7) 5. N(8, 1) 6. L(1, 1) 7. P(, ) 614 Prerequisite Skills

18 Measuring and Drawing Angles Two ras that have a common endpoint form an angle. The common endpoint is called the verte, and the two ras that make up the angle are called the sides of the angle. Acircle can be divided into 60 equal sections. Each section is one degree. You can use a protractor to measure an angle in degrees and draw an angle with a given degree measure. verte B side side A C Prerequisite Skills Measure an Angle Use a protractor to measure FGH. Step 1 Place the center point of the protractor s base on verte G. Align the straight side with side GH so that the marker for 0 is on one of the ras F G H Step Use the scale that begins with 0 at GH. Read where the other side of the angle, GF, crosses this scale. The measure of angle FGH is 10. Using smbols, mfgh F G H Draw an Angle Draw X having a measure of 75. Step 1 Draw a ra. Label the endpoint X. Step Place the center point of the protractor s base on point X. Align the mark labeled 0 with the ra. X Step Use the scale that begins with 0. Locate the mark labeled 75. Then draw the other side of the angle X Eercises Use a protractor to find the measure of each angle. 1. XZY. SZT. SZY 4. UZX 5. TZW 6. UZV Use a protractor to draw an angle having each measurement. T U V W X S Z Y Prerequisite Skills 615

19 Etra Practice Etra Practice Lesson 1-1 Use the four-step plan to solve each problem. 1. Joseph is planting bushes around the perimeter of his lawn. If the bushes must be planted 4 feet apart and Joseph s lawn is 64 feet wide and 14 feet long, how man bushes will Joseph need to purchase?. Find the net three numbers in the pattern 1,, 7, 15, 1,..... At the bookstore, pencils cost $0.15 each and erasers cost $0.5 each. What combination of pencils and erasers can be purchased for a total of $0.65? 4. Cheap Wheels Car Rental rents cars for $50 per da plus $0.15 per mile. How much will it cost to rent a car for das and to drive 00 miles? 5. Josie wants to fence in her ard. She needs to fence three sides and the house will suppl the fourth side. Two of the sides have a length of 5 feet and the third side has a length of 5 feet. If the fencing costs $10 per foot, how much will it cost Josie to fence in her ard? (Pages 6 10) Lesson 1- Evaluate each epression (5 ) Etra Practice (Pages 11 15) (4 ) ( 4) 8. (15 7) 6 9. [15 ( 7) ] Evaluate each epression if a, b 6, and c a bc 11. ba 1. b c 1. a c b a 14. (c b) a 15. (a c) 16. abc 17. (b a)c b Name the propert shown b each statement. 18. (a b) a b ( 6) 5 (6 5) 1. (4 1) (4 1). (7 5) 7(5 ). 8( 1) 8() 8(1) 4. 5( ) ( )5 5. ( ) Lesson 1- Replace each with,, or to make a true sentence (Pages 17 1) Evaluate each epression

20 Lesson 1-4 Add (7) () () () (4) (11) (5) (5) (6) (18) 18. (1) (Pages 7) (1) 6 (7) (0) (14). 0 0 (9) (17) (10) 5. () () 6. 6 (4) 9 () 7. 9 (7) (75) (0) (1) 0. 9 (18) 6 () Etra Practice Lesson 1-5 Subtract (14) (10) (14) (4) (9) 1. 7 (19) (61) 1. 4 (4). (). 65 () 4. 0 () () (Pages 8 1) Lesson 1-6 Multipl. 1. 5(). 11(5). 5(5) 4. 1(6) 5. () 6. ()(4) 7. (4)(4) 8. 4(1) 9. 50(0) 10. (1) 11. () 1. () 1. 5(1) 14. ()() 15. 6(4) (Pages 4 8) Divide () (8) () (8) (7) () 6. 0 (1) (9) () 0. 1 Etra Practice 617

21 Etra Practice Lesson 1-7 Write each verbal phrase as an algebraic epression more than a number. less than a number. a number divided b 4 4. a number increased b 7 5. a number decreased b times a number 7. 8 multiplied b m divided b a number divided b n increased b 11. q decreased b 0 1. n times 41 (Pages 9 4) 1. 5 less than a number 14. the product of a number and 15 Write each verbal sentence as an algebraic equation less than the product of q and 4 is Twice is A number increased b 6 is The quotient of a number and 7 is The difference between a number and 1 is The product of a number and 7 is 4. Lesson 1-8 Solve each equation. Check our solution. 1. g 10. b 7 1. a r 4 5. t 1 6. s n v b z g f a c n j p p r (8) 14. m () q 1 5. t p t Lesson 1-9 Solve each equation. Check our solution z 16 t w b s 7. 10a s k m m 8 5 r w q w p p t 0. m h 1 4. a r 4. 6 c 1 5. m f w 9. 6r (Pages 45 49) (Pages 50 5) 618 Etra Practice

22 Lesson -1 Write each fraction or mied number as a decimal (Pages 6 66) Write each decimal as a fraction or mied number in simplest form Etra Practice Lesson - Replace each with,, or to make a true sentence rder each set of rational numbers from least to greatest , 0., 0.45,.4, , 0., 0.4, 0.4, ,, 7, 9, , 5 7, 9, 8 9, , 0., 0.0, 0.51, 18., 1, , 5, 1, 8, 7, ,, 0.61, 0.65, ,, 1, 4, , 0.4, 0.44, , 7, 65, , 1, 0.1, , 0.5, 0, 0.5, (Pages 67 70) Lesson - Multipl. Write in simplest form (Pages 71 75) Etra Practice 619

23 Lesson -4 Name the multiplicative inverse of each number (Pages 76 80) Etra Practice Divide. Write in simplest form (4) (6) Lesson -5 (Pages 8 85) Add or subtract. Write in simplest form Lesson -6 Add or subtract. Write in simplest form (Pages 88 91) 60 Etra Practice

24 Lesson -7 Solve each equation. Check our solution a 1 4 (Pages 9 95) b c 6. r n d 9. n t h k s f m 17. g v g z j. a q z 7 Etra Practice c Lesson -8 Write each epression using eponents b b b b c c c c c c a a a b b b a a a b a b b b b b b b Evaluate each epression Lesson -9 Write each number in standard form Write each number in scientific notation , , , , (Pages ) (Pages ) Etra Practice 61

25 Etra Practice Lesson -1 Find each square root , , (Pages ) Lesson - Estimate to the nearest whole number Lesson - Name all sets of numbers to which each real number belongs Estimate each square root. Then graph the square root on a number line Replace each with,, or to make a true sentence (Pages 10 1) (Pages 15 19) 6 Etra Practice

26 Lesson -4 Write an equation ou could use to find the length of the missing side of each right triangle. Then find the missing length. Round to the nearest tenth if necessar. (Pages 1 16) m 4 m m 6 cm cm 4. a, 6 cm; b, 5 cm 5. a, 1 ft; b, 1 ft 6. a, 8 in.; b, 6 in. 7. a, 0 m; c, 5 m 8. a, 9 mm; c, 14 mm 9. b, 15 m; c, 0 m Determine whether each triangle with sides of given lengths is a right triangle m, 8 m, 17 m d, 5 d, 9 d 1. 5 in., 1 in., 1 in in., 1 in., 16 in ft, 4 ft, 6 ft 15. ft, ft, ft cm ft 8 ft 4 ft Etra Practice Lesson -5 (Pages ) Write an equation that can be used to answer each question. Then solve. Round to the nearest tenth if necessar. 1. How far apart are the. How high does the. How long is each rafter? boats? ladder reach? ft 1 ft ft 7 mi d mi 18 ft h ft 6 ft 16 ft mi 4 ft Lesson -6 Find the distance between each pair of points whose coordinates are given. Round to the nearest tenth if necessar. (Pages ) 1... (1, ) (1, 4) (0, 4) (, ) (4, 1) (7, 1) Graph each pair of ordered pairs. Then find the distance between the points. Round to the nearest tenth. 4. (4, ), (4, 17) 5. (5, 1), (11, 7) 6. (, 5), (, 7) 7. (7, 9), (4, ) 8. (5, 4), (, 8) 9. (8, 4), (, 8) 10. (, 7), (10, 4) 11. (9, ), (, 6) 1. (, ), (1, 6) 1. (5, 1), (, ) 14. (0, 1), (5, ) 15. (1, ), (, ) Etra Practice 6

27 Lesson 4-1 Epress each ratio in simplest form to 9. 4 inches per foot. 16 out of : minutes per hour 6. 5 to wins to 16 losses 8. 7 out of out of out of minutes per hour 1. 6 inches per foot (Pages ) Etra Practice Epress each rate as a unit rate pounds gained in 1 weeks 14. $800 for 40 tickets 15. $6.50 for 5 pounds inches of rain in weeks preschoolers to teachers inches of snow in das 19. $500 for 50 tickets 0. $60 for 100 dinners Lesson 4- For Eercises 1, use the following information. (Pages ) Time 1:00 :00 :0 :00 :15 Temperature 88 F 89 F 80 F 76 F 76 F 1. Find the rate of change between :00 and :0.. Find the rate of change between 1:00 and :00.. Find the rate of change between :00 and :15. Eplain the meaning of this rate of change. For Eercises 4 7, use the following information. Time 6:00 6:0 6:45 7:00 7:10 7:0 8:00 8:15 8:0 Number of Tickets Sold Find the rate of change between 6:45 and 7: Was the rate of change between 8:00 and 8:15 positive, negative, or zero? 6. Find the rate of change between 6:00 and 8:0. 7. During which time period was the greatest rate of change? Lesson 4- (Pages ) Find the slope of each line (0, ) (, 1) (, 1) (1, ) (, ) (, ) The points given in each table lie on a line. Find the slope of the line Etra Practice

28 Lesson 4-4 Determine whether each pair of ratios forms a proportion. 1. 5, , , , , , , , , 10., , , Solve each proportion. 1. a c d n 5 b a 5. 7 z z c 0 6 t 4 (Pages ) Etra Practice Lesson 4-5 Determine whether each pair of polgons is similar. Eplain our reasoning cm. cm 4 cm 10 cm 5.1 m 4.6 m 4 m 5 m (Pages ). m m Each pair of polgons is similar. Write a proportion to find each missing measure. Then solve in. cm 4 cm in. 5 in. in..5 cm 7 cm Lesson 4-6 Solve. 1. The distance between two cities on a map is. centimeters. If the scale on the map is 1 centimeter 50 kilometers, find the actual distance between the two cities.. A scale model of the Empire State Building is 10 inches tall. If the Empire State Building is 1,50 feet tall, find the scale of this model.. n a scale drawing of a house, the dimensions of the living room are 4 inches b inches. If the scale of the drawing is 1 inch 6 feet, find the actual dimensions of the living room. 4. Columbus, hio, is approimatel 70 miles from Daton, hio. If a scale on an hio map is 1 inch 11 miles, about how far apart are the cities on the map? (Pages ) Etra Practice 65

29 Lesson 4-7 (Pages ) Write a proportion. Then determine the missing measure. 1. A road sign casts a shadow 14 meters long, while a tree nearb casts a shadow 7.8 meters long. If the road sign is.5 meters high, how tall is the tree?. Use the map to find the distance across Catfish Etra Practice Lake. Assume the triangles are similar. Catfish Lake. A 7-foot tall flag stick on a golf course casts a km shadow 1 feet long. A golfer standing nearb casts a shadow 16.5 feet long. How tall is the golfer? 1. km 0.8 km 4.5 km 4. A building casts a shadow that is 150 feet. A tree casts a shadow that is 5 feet. If the tree is 150 feet tall, how tall is the building? 5. A tower casts a shadow that is 10 feet. A pole casts a shadow that is 5 feet. If the tower is,400 feet tall, how tall is the pole? Lesson 4-8 (Pages ) Find the coordinates of the vertices of triangle A B C after triangle ABC is dilated using the given scale factor. Then graph triangle ABC and its dilation A( 1, 0), B(, 1), C(, 1); scale factor. A(4, 6), B(0, ), C(6, ); scale factor. A(1, 1), B(1, ), C( 1, 1); scale factor 4. A(, 0), B(0, 4), C(, 4); scale factor In each figure, the green figure is a dilation of the blue figure. Find the scale factor of each dilation, and classif each dilation as an enlargement or as a reduction Lesson 5-1 (Pages 06 09) Write each ratio or fraction as a percent out of out of : out of : out of : Write each percent as a fraction in simplest form. 1. 0% 14. 4% 15. 0% % 17. % % % 0. 55% 1. 8%. 48%. % 4. 51% 66 Etra Practice

30 Lesson 5- Write each percent as a decimal. 1. %. 5%. 9% 4. 6.% % 6. 14% 7..7% 8. 4% (Pages 10 14) Write each decimal as a percent Write each fraction as a percent Etra Practice Lesson 5- Write a percent proportion to solve each problem. Then solve. Round answers to the nearest tenth if necessar is 5% of what number?. What is 19% of 00?. 6 is what percent of 0? 4. 4 is what percent of 7? 5. 9 is 1 % of what number? 6. Find 55% of is what percent of? 8. What is 5% of 15? 9. 6 is 50% of what number? is what percent of 186? is 6% of what number? is 60% of what number? 1. What is 15% of 60? is 0% of what number? is 75% of what number? is what percent of 155? 17. is 5% of what number? 18. What is 65% of 150? is 75% of what number? 0. 7 is what percent of 100? (Pages 16 19) Lesson 5-4 Compute mentall % of 06. 1% of % of % of % of % of % of % of, % of % of % of % of % of % of % of % of % of % of % of % of, % of % of % of % of % of % of % of 88 (Pages 0 ) Etra Practice 67

31 Lesson 5-5 Estimate. 1. % of 1. 4% of 84. 9% of % of % of % of % of % of % of 41 (Pages 8 1) Etra Practice Estimate each percent out of out of out of out of out of out of out of out of out of 15 Estimate the percent of the area shaded Lesson 5-6 Solve each equation using the percent equation. 1. Find 5% of 7.. What is 15% of 15?. Find 80% of What is 7.% of 500? 5. Find 1% of What is 1% of 6.5? 7. Find 0.% of What is 75% of 450? 9. Find 7.% of What is 10.1% of 60? 11. Find % of What is 89% of 654? (Pages 5) 1. 0 is what percent of 64? 14. Sit-nine is what percent of 00? 15. Sevent is what percent of 150? is 0% of what number? is 14% of what number? is what percent of 150? is what percent of 5? is % of what number? Lesson 5-7 Find each percent of change. Round to the nearest tenth if necessar. State whether the percent of change is an increase or a decrease. 1. original: 5. original: 550. original: 7 new: 9 new: 45 new: original: 5 5. original: 8 6. original: 46 new: 5 new: 19 new: 55 (Pages 6 40) Find the selling price for each item given the cost to the store and markup. 7. golf clubs: $50, 0% markup 8. compact disc: $17, 15% markup 9. shoes: $57, 45% markup 10. book: $6, 0% markup Find the sale price of each item to the nearest cent. 11. piano: $4,0, 5% off 1. scissors: $14, 10% off 1. book: $9, 40% off 14. sweater: $8, 5% off 68 Etra Practice

32 Lesson 5-8 Find the simple interest to the nearest cent. 1. $500 at 7% for ears. $,500 at 6.5% for 6 months. $8,000 at 6% for 1 ear 4. $1,890 at 9% for 4 months 5. $760 at 4.5% for 1 ears 6. $1,40 at 5% for 6 months (Pages 41 44) Find the total amount in each account to the nearest cent. 7. $00 at 10% for ears 8. $,00 at 8% for 6 months 9. $0,000 at 14% for 0 ears 10. $4,000 at 1.5% for 4 ears 11. $450 at 11% for 5 ears 1. $17,000 at 15% for 9 1 ears Etra Practice Lesson 6-1 Find the value of in each figure (Pages 56 60) For Eercises 7 10, use the figure at the right. 7. Find m6, if m Find m4, if m Find m1, if m Find m7, if m 8. t q r Lesson 6- (Pages 6 65) Find the value of in each triangle Classif each triangle b its angles and b its sides cm cm 6 m m 7 in. 7 in m 7 in. Etra Practice 69

33 Lesson 6- Find each missing length. Round to the nearest tenth if necessar c ft 0 c cm b ft b cm 45 6 ft 4 cm 14 mm 0 b mm (Pages 67 70) a mm Etra Practice c in. m b m 10 in c m a in. 1 m c m 0 b m Lesson 6-4 (Pages 7 75) Find the value of in each quadrilateral Classif each quadrilateral with the name that best describes it Lesson 6-5 Determine whether the polgons are congruent. If so, name the corresponding parts and write a congruence statement. 1. A D. A B E H. K B In the figure, quadrilateral ABCD is congruent to quadrilateral EFGH. Find each measure. 4. ma 5. BC 6. GH 7. mh C 60 Etra Practice F E D 6 in. in. C F B A in. C 6 in. G 5 10 m N (Pages 79 8) 9 ft L S 4 ft 6 ft M P 6 ft E F 55 7 m D G R H Q

34 Lesson 6-6 (Pages 86 89) Complete parts a and b for each figure. a. Determine whether the figure has line smmetr. If it does, trace the figure and draw all lines of smmetr. If not write none. b. Determine whether the figure has rotational smmetr. write es or no. If es, name the angle(s) of rotation Etra Practice Lesson 6-7 (Pages 90 94) Graph the figure with the given vertices. Then graph the image of the figure after a reflection over the given ais, and write the coordinates of its vertices. 1. triangle CAT with vertices C(, ), A(8, ), and T(4, ); -ais. trapezoid TRAP with vertices T(, 5), R(1, 5), A(4, ), and P(5, ); -ais Name the line of reflection for each pair of figures Lesson 6-8 (pages 96 99) Graph the figure with the given vertices. Then graph the image of the figure after the indicated translation, and write the coordinates of its vertices. 1. rectangle PQRS with vertices P(7, 6), Q(5, 6), R(5, ), and S(7, ) translated 9 right and 1 unit down. pentagon DGLMR with vertices D(1, ), G(, 4), L(4, 4), M(5, ) and R(, 1) translated 5 units left and 7 units down. triangle TRI with vertices T(, 1), R(0, ), and I(1, 1) translated units left and units down 4. quadrilateral QUAD with vertices Q(, ), U(, 0), A(6, 0) and D(6, ), translated units left and 1 unit down Etra Practice 61

35 Etra Practice Lesson 6-9 Graph the figure with the given vertices. Then graph the image of the figure after the indicated rotation about the origin, and write the coordinates of its vertices. 1. triangle ABC with vertices A(, 1), B(0, 1), and C(1, 1); 90 counterclockwise. rectangle WXYZ with vertices W(1, 1), X(1, ), Y(6, ), and Z(6, 1); 180. quadrilateral QRST with vertices Q(, 1), R(, 1), S(, ), and T(, ); 90 counterclockwise 4. triangle PQR with vertices P(1, 1), Q(, 1), and R(1, 4); 90 counterclockwise 5. rectangle ABCD with vertices A(1, 1), B(1, ), C(4, ), and D(4, 1); parallelogram GRAM with vertices G(1, ), R(, 4), A(, ), and M(1, 1); 90 counterclockwise 7. triangle DEF with vertices D(0, ), E(, ), and F(, 1); 180 (Pages 00 0) Lesson 7-1 Find the area of each figure in cm (Pages 14 18) 5 m 8 m 6 in. 1. cm. cm 4. triangle: base, 1 in.; height, 7 in. 5. triangle: base, 1 cm; height,. cm 6. trapezoid: bases, 5 ft and 7 ft; height, 11 ft 7. trapezoid: bases, d and 1 d; height, 5 d 8. parallelogram: base, 15 cm; height, cm 9. parallelogram: base, 11. in.; height, 5 in. 10. triangle: base, 7 d; height, 9 d 11. trapezoid: bases, 9 cm and 10 cm; height, 5 cm Lesson 7- Find the circumference and area of each circle. Round to the nearest tenth mm.5 m 6 d (Pages 19 ) in. 16 ft.4 cm mm 5 in..4 m 6 Etra Practice

36 Lesson 7- Find the area of each figure. Round to the nearest tenth of necessar cm 4 m 8 m (Pages 6 9) 1 ft 8 ft 6 cm 4 ft in. in. 6. d d 4 in. 6 in. 5 d 9 d in. in. 6 cm 8 cm 5 cm cm Etra Practice 7 d 5 cm 6 cm cm 8 cm Lesson 7-4 Identif each solid. Name the number and shapes of the faces. Then name the number of edges and vertices (Pages 1 4) Lesson 7-5 Find the volume of each solid. Round to the nearest tenth if necessar m 5 in. m 10 in. 5 in. m 4. 6 cm 5. 4 in cm 1 in. 18 in. 0 ft (Pages 5 9) 6 d 11 d 7 ft Etra Practice 6

37 Lesson 7-6 Find the volume of each solid. Round to the nearest tenth if necessar cm 60 in. 1 d (Pages 4 45) cm 4 cm 60 in. 60 in. 7 d Etra Practice 4. cm ft 6. 4 cm 11 ft cm 5 ft 8 ft 8 ft Lesson 7-7 Find the surface area of each solid. Round to the nearest tenth if necessar. 1. ft. ft. (Pages 47 50) ft ft 6 ft 4 ft 4 cm 5 cm 8 cm cm 4. 8 in cm cm cm 14 cm 6 in. 10 cm 6 cm 6 cm Lesson 7-8 Find the surface area of each solid. Round to the nearest tenth if necessar. 1.. m 6 m. 1 ft A 15.6 m 6 m 6 m 5 in. in. (Pages 5 55) 4 ft in. 10 ft 6.5 cm 6 in. in. 1 ft cm in. 64 Etra Practice

38 Lesson 7-9 Determine the number of significant digits in each measure min. 7.5 lb m 4. 7 ft kg cm 7. 8 mm cm Find each sum or difference using the correct precision L 5.7 L in..16 in ft.1 ft m.1 m mi 5.41 mi kg 5.1 kg (Pages 58 6) Find each product or quotient using the correct number of significant digits ft 0.5 ft in 0. in mm mm cm.1 cm kg.5 kg 0..7 m 0 m cm. cm. 500 ml.5 ml. 100 mm 7. mm Etra Practice Lesson 8-1 A date is chosen at random from the calendar below. Find the probabilit of choosing each date. Write each probabilit as a fraction, a decimal, and a percent. 1. The date is the thirteenth.. The da is Frida.. It is after the twent-fifth. 4. It is before the seventh. 5. It is an odd-numbered date. 6. The date is divisible b. 7. The da is Wednesda. 8. It is after the seventeenth. November S M T W T F S (Pages 74 77) Lesson 8- Draw a tree diagram to determine the number of outcomes. 1. A car comes in white, black, or red with standard or automatic transmission and with a 4-clinder or 6-clinder engine. (Pages 80 8). A customer can bu roses or carnations in red, ellow, pink, or white.. A bed comes in queen or king size with a firm or super firm mattress. 4. A pizza can be ordered with a regular or deep dish crust and with a choice of one topping, two toppings, or three toppings. Use the Fundamental Counting Principle to determine the number of outcomes. 5. A woman s shoe comes in red, white, blue, or black with a choice of high, medium, or low heels. 6. Sandwiches can be made with either ham or bologna, American or Swiss cheese, on wheat, re, or white bread. 7. Sugar cookies, chocolate chip, or oatmeal raisin cookies can be ordered either with or without icing. 8. Susan can choose for her outfit a black or tan skirt, a white, pink, or cream shirt, black or tan shoes, and a red or black jacket. Etra Practice 65

39 Lesson 8- Find each value. 1. 8!. 10!. 0! 4. 7! 5. 6! 6. 5! 7.! 8. 11! 9. 9! 10. 4! 11. P(5, 4) 1. P(, ) 1. P(1, 5) 14. P(8, 6) 15. P(10, ) 16. P(6, 4) 17. How man different was can a famil of four be seated in a row? (Pages 84 87) Etra Practice 18. In how man different was can ou arrange the letters in the word orange if ou take the letters five at a time? 19. How man was can ou arrange five different colored marbles in a row if the blue one is alwas in the center? 0. In how man different was can Kevin listen to each of his ten CDs once? Lesson 8-4 Find each value. 1. C(8, 4). C(0, 8). C(10, 9) 4. C(7, ) 5. C(1, 5) 6. C(17, 16) 7. C(4, 17) 8. C(9, 7) 9. How man was can ou choose five compact discs from a collection of 17? 10. How man combinations of three flavors of ice cream can ou choose from 5 different flavors of ice cream? 11. How man was can ou choose three books out of a selection of ten books? Determine whether each statement is a permutation or a combination. 1. choosing a committee of from a class. 1. placing 6 different math books in a line (Pages 88 91) Lesson 8-5 (Pages 96 99) Two socks are drawn from a drawer which contains one red sock, three blue socks, two black socks, and two green socks. nce a sock is selected, it is not replaced. Find each probabilit. 1. P(a black sock and then a green sock). P(a red sock and then a green sock). P(two blue socks) 4. P(two green socks) 5. P(two black socks) 6. P(a black sock and then a red sock) 7. P(a red sock and then a blue sock) 8. P(a blue sock and then a black sock) There are three quarters, five dimes, and twelve pennies in a bag. nce a coin is drawn from the bag it is not replaced. If two coins are drawn at random, find each probabilit. 9. P(a quarter and then a penn) 10. P(a nickel and then a dime) 11. P(a dime and then a penn) 1. P(two dimes) 1. P(two quarters) 14. P(two pennies in a row) 15. P(a quarter and then a dime) 16. P(a penn and then a quarter) 66 Etra Practice

40 Lesson 8-6 FD For Eercises 1 6, use the surve results at the right. 1. What is the probabilit that a person s favorite pizza topping is pepperoni?. ut of 80 people, how man would ou epect to have pepperoni as their favorite pizza topping?. What is the probabilit that a person s favorite pizza topping is green pepper? 4. ut of 80 people, how man would ou epect to have green pepper as their favorite pizza topping? 5. What is the probabilit that a person s favorite pizza topping is pepperoni or sausage? 6. ut of 80 people, how man would ou epect to have pepperoni or sausage as their favorite pizza topping? (Pages ) Favorite Pizza Topping Topping Number pepperoni 45 sausage 5 green pepper 15 mushrooms 5 other 10 Etra Practice Lesson 8-7 Describe each sample. 1. To predict who will be the net maor, a radio station asks their listeners to call one of two numbers to indicate their preferences.. To award prizes at a hocke game, four seat numbers are picked from a barrel containing individual papers representing each seat number.. To evaluate the qualit of the televisions coming off the assembl line, the manufacturer takes one ever half hour and tests it. 4. To determine what movies people prefer, people leaving a movie theater showing an action film are asked to give their preference. 5. To form a committee to discuss how the cafeteria can be improved, one student is picked at random from each second period class. (Pages ) Lesson 9-1 ARCHITECTURE For Eercises 1 8, use the histogram at the right. (Pages 40 44) 1. How large is each interval?. How man buildings are represented in the histogram?. Which interval represents the most number of buildings? 4. Which interval represents the least number of buildings? 5. How man buildings are taller than 70 feet? 6. How man buildings are less than 51 feet tall? Number of Buildings Heights of 45 Buildings Height (feet) What is the height of the tallest building? 8. How does the number of buildings between 61 and 80 feet tall compare to the number of buildings between 1 and 50 feet tall? Etra Practice 67

41 Lesson 9- Make a circle graph for each set of data. 1. Sporting Goods Sales. Energ Use in Home. shoes 44% heating/cooling 51% apparel 0% appliances 8% equipment 6% lights 1% (Pages 46 49) Household Income primar job 8% secondar job 9% investments 5% other 4% Etra Practice 4. Students in North 5. Number of Siblings 6. High School 0 5% freshmen 0% 1 45% sophomores 8% 0% juniors 4% 5% seniors 18% 4 % 5 % Household Epenses food 45% housing 0% utilities 15% other 10% Lesson 9- Choose the most appropriate tpe of displa for each situation. 1. number of televisions in homes compared to the total number of homes in the surve. the amount of sales b different sales people compared to the total sales. ages b intervals of amusement park attendees in marketing information for the park 4. average proficienc test score for five consecutive ears 5. numbers of Americans who own motorccles, boats, and recreational vehicles 6. percent of people who own a certain tpe of car compared to all car owners 7. a child s age and his or her height 8. amount of fat grams in intervals in various sandwiches 9. the number of students who have read each of three popular books 10. number of people filing ta returns electronicall over the past ten ears (Pages 40 4) Lesson 9-4 (Pages 45 48) Find the mean, median, and mode for each set of data. Round to the nearest tenth if necessar. 1., 7, 9, 1, 5, 14, 4, 8,, , 5, 49, 60, 61, 56, 50, 61. 1, 14, 19, 140, 15, 14, , 41, 4, 45, 48, 5, 54, 56, 56, 57, 60, 64, 65 5., 9, 14,, 0,, 6, ,, 1, 8, 7, 7. 11, 15, 1, 11, 6, 10, , 0, 19, 0, 18, 1,, ,,, 1, 1,,,, 10., 5, 4, 6, 7, 9, 1, 9, ,.5, 1.5, , 6.7, 0.9,.4, 6.8, 4.0, , 97.9, 98.1, 100.1, , 1., 11.4, 15.6, 7., Etra Practice

42 Lesson 9-5 (Pages ) Find the range, median, upper and lower quartiles, interquartile range, and an outliers for each set of data , 1, 1, 18, 5, 11, 17, 19, 0., 4, 6, 1, 8, 6, 11, , 149, 155, 90, 141, , 501, 88, 48, 510, 480, 90 5., 18, 9, 6, 14, 15, 6, 19, , 18, 51, 55, 48, 41, , 45, 50, 40, 49, 4, , 148, 10, 14, 164, 10, 15, 0 9.,,, 6, 4, 14, 1,, 6, , 84, 9, 9, 90, 96, 87, ,, 5, 4,,,, 5, , 7, 9, 10, 11, 11, 1, 14, 1, 11, , 118, 10, 109, 117, 117, , 14, 17, 19, 1, 16, , 480, 70, 6, 61, 94, 45, 8, 88, , 91, 8, 8, 77, 79, 78, 75, 75, 88, 84, 8, 61, 9, 88, 85, 84, 89, 6, , 11, 15, 1, 18, 150, 1, 18, 149, 14, 149, 151, 15 Etra Practice Lesson 9-6 Draw a bo-and-whisker plot for each set of data. 1.,, 5, 4,,,, 5, 6. 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 11, 1, 14, 1, 11, 1. 15, 1, 1, 18, 5, 11, 17, 19, 0 4., 4, 6, 1, 8, 6, 11, 4 5., 18, 9, 6, 14, 15, 6, 19, , 45, 50, 40, 49, 4, 64 7.,,, 6, 4, 14, 1,, 6, 8. 88, 84, 9, 9, 90, 96, 87, , 91, 8, 8, 77, 79, 78, 75, 75, 88, 84, 8, 61, 9, 88, 85, 84, 89, 6, , 11, 15, 1, 18, 150, 1, 18, 149, 14, 149, 151, 15 ZS For Eercises 11 and 1, use the following bo-and-whisker plot. Area (acres) of Major Zoos in the United States (Pages ) Source: The World Almanac 11. How man outliers are in the data? 1. Describe the distribution of the data. What can ou sa about the areas of the major zoos in the United States? Lesson 9-7 FITNESS For Eercises 1 and, use the graphs at the right. 1. Do both graphs contain the same information? Eplain.. Which graph would ou use to indicate that man more eighth graders finished the obstacle course than sith or seventh graders? Eplain. Number of Students Graph A Students Completing bstacle Course th grade 7th grade 8th grade Number of Students (Pages ) Graph B Students Completing bstacle Course th grade 7th grade 8th grade Etra Practice 69

43 Etra Practice Lesson 9-8 State the dimension of each matri. Then identif the position of the circled element [ 4 1] Add or subtract. If there is no sum or difference, write impossible (Pages ) Lesson 10-1 Use the Distributive Propert to rewrite each epression. 1. ( ). (a 7). (g 6) 4. (a ) 5. 1( 6) 6. 4(a 5) 7. 6( 1) 8. ( 5) 9. ( 1) 10. 1( 1) 11. 5( ) 1. 7( ) (Pages ) Simplif each epression a 5a a a 18. a 4a 19. a a a a a a a 7a 8. 4a 7a 5 9. a 5a Lesson 10- Solve each equation. Check our solution. (Pages ) p a q m 6 7. r z a t c p b a a a 5a a a a a 6a Etra Practice

44 Lesson 10- Translate each sentence into an equation. Then find each number. 1. The sum of a number and 7 is 11. (Pages ). Seven more than the quotient of a number and is 6.. The sum of a number and 6 is The difference of a number and is Twice a number plus 5 is. 6. The product of a number and is The product of a number and 4 plus is 14. Etra Practice 8. Eight less than the quotient of a number and is The difference of twice a number and is The sum of times a number and 7 is 5. Lesson 10-4 Solve each equation. Check our solution a 5 a. 7a 5 a 4. a a 1 a 8. 7a a 4 a b 4 b m m t 1 4t 9 0. a a c c 4. s 5 s 4. w 5 5w a 7 7a 8 9. a 11 4a 1 0. a 5 8a 11 (Pages ) Lesson 10-5 Write an inequalit for each sentence. (Pages ) 1. Anumber is less than 10.. A number is greater than or equal 7.. A number is less than. 4. A number is more than A number is less than or equal to a number is no more than 8. Graph each inequalit on a number line z 10. a b a 14. b n 17. t Etra Practice 641

45 Etra Practice Lesson 10-6 Solve each inequalit. Check our solution c t a c a a c a a a (Pages ) Lesson 10-7 Solve each inequalit and check our solution. Then graph the solution on a number line. 1. 5p m 4. d r 6. 9g p p k 10. z a p p t a d 0. 9 (Pages ) Lesson 11-1 State whether each sequence is arithmetic, geometric, or neither. If it is arithmetic or geometric, state the common difference or common ratio. Write the net three terms of each sequence. 1. 1, 5, 9, 1,...., 6, 18, 54,.... 1, 4, 9, 16, 5, , 4, 81,... 5.,, 8, 1, , 5, 5, 5, , 70, 90, 0, , 14, 17, 0,,... 9., 7, 1, , 15, 9,, , 1 4, 1, 1, , 1 7 9, 1,... (Pages ) 1. 4, 11,, , 5, 9, 14, , 1 4, 1 4,, , 1.7, 17.5, , 11, 1, 1, , 1,, 6, , 6, 1, 4, , 7, 9, 11, 1, ,.4, 4.54,.... 7, 14, 8, , 1.4,.6, , 48, 4, 1, , 1, 6, , 19, 18, 17, , 19, 48, Etra Practice

46 Lesson 11- Find each function value. (Pages ) 1. f 1 if f() 6. f(4) if f() 1 4. f(1) if f() f(6) if f() 5 5. f(0) if f() f() if f() 8 7. f(1) if f() 5 8. f 1 if f() 1 9. f(6) if f() 4 Cop and complete each function table. 10. f() f() 6 1. f() 4 f() 6 f() f() Etra Practice Lesson 11- Cop and complete the table. Then graph the function (Pages 5 55) 6 (, ) (, ) 1 0 Graph each function Lesson 11-4 Find the slope of the line that passes through each pair of points. (Pages 56 59) 1. A(, ), B(1, 5). C(6, 1), D(, 1). E(, 0), F(5, 0) 4. G(1, ), H(, 5) 5. I(6, 7), J(11, 1) 6. K(5, ), L(5, ) 7. M(10, ), N(, 5) 8. (6, ), P(1, 7) 9. Q(5, 8), R(, ) 10. S(1, 7), T(, 8) 11. U(4, 1), V(5, ) 1. W(, ), X(7, 1) 1. Y(0, 5), Z(, 1) 14. A(6, 5), B(, 5) 15. C(, 1), D(7, 1) 16. E(5, ), F(0, ) 17. G(, 5), H(, 5) 18. I(, 0), J(, 5) 19. K(11, 1), L(1, ) 0. M(6, 5), N(1, 7) 1. (, ), P(, 1). Q(5, 0), R(1, 1). S(0, 0), T(, 4) 4. U(5, ), V(5, ) Etra Practice 64

47 Lesson 11-5 State the slope and -intercept for the graph of each line (Pages 5 56) Etra Practice Graph each equation using the slope and -intercept Lesson 11-6 Determine whether a scatter plot of the data for the following might show a positive, negative, or no relationship. (Pages 59 54) 1. height and hair color. hours spent studing and test scores. income and month of birth 4. price of oranges and number available 5. size of roof and number of shingles 6. number of clouds and number of stars seen 7. child s age and height 8. age and ee color 9. number of hours worked and earnings 10. temperature outside and heating bill 11. length of foot and shoe size 1. number of candies eaten and number left in a bowl Lesson 11-7 Solve each sstem of equations b graphing. (Pages ) Solve each sstem of equations b substitution Etra Practice

48 Lesson 11-8 Graph each inequalit. (Pages ) Etra Practice Lesson 1-1 Determine whether each graph, equation, or table represents a linear or nonlinear function. Eplain. (Pages ) Lesson 1- Graph each function. (Pages ) Etra Practice 645

49 Lesson 1- Simplif each polnomial. If the polnomial cannot be simplified, write simplest form (Pages ) 1 1 Etra Practice m m n m 5. a b b 6. 1 a b a b 7a b z 6z t s t 7s 16. 4d 5 7d Lesson 1-4 Add m m 1. a b 6c 11 (m ) m a 7b c 4. 5a a 5. c b a 6. z a 8a 4 (c) b a z 7. (5 6) ( 8) 8. (4a 6b) (a b) 9. (7r 11m) (4m r) 10. (z z ) (z z ) 11. ( 7) ( 4 1) 1. (5m n ) (8m 6) 1. (a a ) (a a ) 14. (s 5t) (8t s) 15. ( ) (5 ) 16. (a 5b) (a 6b) 17. ( ) ( 4) 18. ( ) ( 5 6) (Pages ) Lesson 1-5 Subtract. (Pages ) 1. 5a 6m. a 7. 9r r () a 5m () 8a 11 () 11r r 1 4. (9 ) (9 ) 5. ( 1) ( ) 6. (a 6a ) (5a 5) 7. (5a ) (a a 8) 8. ( 7) (8 6) 9. (m n) (m n) 10. (m ) (m 1) 11. ( ) ( ) 1. (5 4) ( 8 4) 1. (7z 1) (z z 6) 14. ( 5) ( 6) 15. (5a 1) (8a ) 16. ( 5) (5 6) 17. ( 6) (7 ) 18. ( 5 6) ( 5) 19. (a a 5) (5a 6a ) 646 Etra Practice

50 Lesson 1-6 Multipl or divide. Epress using eponents t t ( )( ) 6. b 1 b ( )(5 7 ) 9. (6a 5 )(a 6 ) 10. ()(6 ) 11. ( )( 5 ) 1. (6 )( 5 ) 1. (a)(a 6 ) 14. 8a 9 (5a 5 ) 15. (6 )( 11 ) a a 18. b b a 7 b 7ab 8. a5b a ab b ab 6 9 (Pages ) Etra Practice Lesson 1-7 Multipl. 1. a(a ). ( ). t(t 1) 4. a(a 4) 5. m(m 7) 6. z (z ) 7. 6( 10) 8. (5 ) 9. d(d 1) 10. m (m ) 11. p 5 (p 1) 1. b(9 4b) 1. 4t (t ) 14. r 4 (5r 9) 15. n (6 7n ) 16. ( ) 17. ( 5) 18. ( 6) 19. ( 5) 0. ( 5) 1. a (a 6). 5a(7 a). a (8 5a ) 4. (1 5 ) 5. ( 1) 6. a(a a 5) 7. ( ) 8. n(n n ) 9. t ( t t) 0. 5p (4p 10) (Pages ) Etra Practice 647

51 Mied Problem Solving Chapter 1 Algebra: Integers (pages 4 59) 1. PATTERNS Draw the net two figures in the pattern below. (Lesson 1-1) 9. AGE Julia is 6 ears older than Elias. Define a variable and write an epression for Julia s age. (Lesson 1-7) Mied Problem Solving TEMPERATURE For Eercises and, use the following information. The formula F 9 C is used to convert 5 degrees Celsius to degrees Fahrenheit. (Lesson 1-). Find the degrees Fahrenheit if it is 0 C outside.. Alocal newscaster announces that toda is his birthda. Rather than disclose his true age on air, he states that his age in Celsius is 10. How old is he? 4. SPRTS In football, a penalt results in a loss of ards. Write an integer to describe a loss of 10 ards. (Lesson 1-) HISTRY For Eercises 10 and 11, use the following information. To be President of the United States, a person must be at least 5 ears old. (Lesson 1-7) 10. If is the ear a person was born, write an epression for the earliest ear that he or she could be president. 11. If a person became President this ear, write an equation to find the latest ear he or she could have been born. 1. BANKING After ou withdraw $75 from our checking account, the balance is $05. Write and solve a subtraction equation to find our balance before the withdrawal. (Lesson 1-8) BILLS For Eercises 5 and 6, use the table below. (Lesson 1-4) Description 5. How much is in the account? 6. Kirsten owes the cable compan $65. Does she have enough to pa this bill? 7. WEATHER For the month of August, the highest temperature was 98 F. The lowest temperature was 54 F. What was the range of temperatures for the month? (Lesson 1-5) 8. WEATHER During a thunderstorm, the temperature dropped b 5 degrees per half-hour. What was the temperature change after hours? (Lesson 1-6) 648 Mied Problem Solving Amount (S ) Beginning Balance 45 Gas Compan Electric Compan Phone Compan Deposit 75 Rent HEALTH Dario gained 5 pounds during his junior ear. B the end of his junior ear, he weighed 160 pounds. Write and solve an addition equation to find out how much he weighed at the beginning of his junior ear. (Lesson 1-8) 14. MNEY Janelle bab-sits and charges $5 per hour. Write and solve a multiplication equation to find how man hours she needs to bab-sit in order to make $55. (Lesson 1-9) 15. PHYSICAL SCIENCE Work is done when a force acts on an object and the object moves. The amount of work, measured in foot-pounds, is equal to the amount of force applied, measured in pounds, times the distance, in feet, the object moved. Write and solve a multiplication equation that could be used to find how far ou have to lift a 45-pound object to produce 180 foot-pounds of work. (Lesson 1-9)

52 Chapter Algebra: Rational Numbers (pages 60 11) 1. HEALTH A newborn bab weighs 6 4 pounds. Write this weight as a decimal. (Lesson -1) MEASUREMENT For Eercises and, use the figure below. (Lesson -1) GEMETRY Find the perimeter of each figure. (Lesson -5) ft ft in in in. 6 0 in.. Write the length of the pencil as a fraction.. Write the length of the pencil as a decimal. 4. SEWING Which is the smallest seam: 1 4 inch, 1 inch, or 1 inch? (Lesson -) 8 Find the area of each rectangle. (Lesson -) in. 4 in d 5 7. CKING Giovanni is increasing his double chocolate chip cookie recipe to 1 1 batches. If the original recipe calls for 1 cups of flour, how much flour does he need for 1 1 batches? (Lesson -) d ELECTINS In the student council elections, Janie won 1 5 of the votes, and Jamal won of the votes. What fraction of the votes did the onl other candidate receive? (Lesson -6) 14. CNSTRUCTIN Three pieces of wood are 4 4, 51 8, and 7 inches long. If these pieces 16 of wood are laid end to end, what is their total length? (Lesson -6) FINANCES For Eercises 15 and 16, use the following information. Jenna makes $.5 per hour delivering newspapers. (Lesson -7) 15. Write a multiplication equation ou can use to determine how man hours she must work to earn $ How man hours does Jenna need to work to earn $5.75? Mied Problem Solving 8. MEDICINE A bab gets 1 dropper of medicine for each 1 4 pounds of bod weight. If a bab weighs pounds, how man droppers of medicine should she get? (Lesson -4) 9. LIBRARIES Lucas is storing a set of art books on a shelf that has inches of shelf space. If each book is 4 inch wide, how man books can be stored on the shelf? (Lesson -4) 10. HEIGHT Moll is 64 1 inches tall. Mina is inches tall. How much taller is Moll than Mina? (Lesson -5) 17. BILGY If one cell splits in two ever 1 hour, how man cells will there be after 4 1 hours? (Lesson -8) 18. EARTH SCIENCE There are approimatel 10 1 kilograms of water on Earth. Write the number of kilograms of water on Earth in standard form. (Lesson -9) 19. HAIR There are an estimated 100,000 hairs on a person s head. Write this number in scientific notation. (Lesson -9) 0. LIFE SCIENCE A petri dish contains bacteria. Write the number of bacteria in standard form. (Lesson -9) Mied Problem Solving 649

53 Chapter Algebra: Real Numbers and the Pthagorean Theorem (pages ) 1. GARDENING A square garden has an area of 576 square feet. What is the length of each side of the garden? (Lesson -1) 9. INTERIR DESIGN Aroom is 0 feet b 15 feet. Find the length of the diagonal of the room. (Lesson -4) Mied Problem Solving GEMETRY The formula for the perimeter of a square is P 4s, where s is the length of the side. Find the perimeter of each square. (Lesson -1).. Area 16 square meters Area 144 square inches SCIENCE The formula t h 4 represents the time t in seconds that it takes an object to fall from a height of h feet. (Lesson -) 4. If a ball is dropped from a height of 100 feet, estimate how long it will take to reach the ground. 5. If a ball is dropped from a height of 500 feet, estimate how long it will take to reach the ground. 6. WAVES The speed s in knots of a wave can be estimated using the formula s 1.4, where is the length of the wave in feet. Find the estimated speed of a wave of length 5 feet. (Lesson -) 7. GEMETRY To approimate the radius of a circle, ou can use the formula r, Ạ 14 where A is the area of the circle. To the nearest tenth, find the radius of a circle that has an area of 60 square feet. (Lesson -) 10. TRAVEL Plane A travels north 500 miles. Plane B leaves from the same location at the same time and travels east 50 miles. How far apart are the two planes? (Lesson -5) 11. TELEVISIN A television screen has a diagonal measurement of inches and a width of 15 inches. How long is the television? (Lesson -5) 1. KITES A kite string is 5 ards long. The horizontal distance between the kite and the person fling it is 1 ards. How high is the kite? (Lesson -5) 1. REPAIRS Shane is painting his house. He has a ladder that is 10 feet long. He places the base of the ladder 6 feet from the house. How far from the ground will the top of the ladder reach? (Lesson -5) 14. ARCHELGY Adig uncovers an urn at (1, 1) and a bracelet at (5, ). How far apart were the two items if one unit on the grid equals 1 mile? (Lesson -6) urn bracelet 8. GEGRAPHY In hio, a triangle is formed b the cities Cleveland, Columbus, and Toledo. From the distances given below, is this triangle a right triangle? Eplain our reasoning. (Lesson -4) 15. TRAVEL A unit on the grid below is 0.5 mile. Find the distance from point A to point B. (Lesson -6) Toledo Findla Lima 99 mi Cleveland Sandusk Akron Mansfield Canton A B College Rd. 10 mi Upper Arlington Columbus Marion 14 mi Newark Zanesville State St. Vine St. Summit St. Walnut Rd. Park St. 650 Mied Problem Solving

54 Chapter 4 Proportions, Algebra, and Geometr (pages 154 0) 1. SHPPING You can bu tapes at The Music Shoppe for $1.99, or ou can bu 5 of the same tapes for $19.99 at Qualit Sounds. Which is the better bu? Eplain our reasoning. (Lesson 4-1) 9. PHTGRAPHY Eva wants to enlarge the picture below and frame it. The scale factor from the original picture to the enlarged picture is to be :5. Find the dimensions of the enlarged picture. (Lesson 4-5). TRAVEL n a trip, ou drive 1,565 miles on 100 gallons of gas. Find our car s gas mileage. (Lesson 4-1). WEATHER The temperature is 88 F at P.M. and 7 F at :0 P.M. What was the rate of change in temperature between these two time periods? (Lesson 4-) WEIGHTS The table below gives the age and weight of a oung child. (Lesson 4-) 4. Between which two ages did the child s weight increase at the fastest rate? Eplain. 5. Between which two ages did the child s weight increase at the slowest rate? Eplain. 6. LANS Find the slope of the line below and interpret its meaning as a rate of change. (Lesson 4-) Age (r) Weight (lb) Balance ($) 6,000 4,000, Amount wed Number of Paments in. 10. ARCHITECTURE The Eiffel Tower is 986 feet tall. If a scale model is 6 inches tall, what is the scale of the model? (Lesson 4-6) 11. CARS Amodel is being built of a car. The car is 1 feet long and 9 feet wide. If the length of the model is 4 inches, how wide should the model be? (Lesson 4-6) 1. FLAGPLE A 10-foot tall flagpole casts a 4-foot shadow. At the same time, a nearb tree casts a 5-foot shadow. Draw a diagram of this situation. Then write and solve a proportion to find the height of the tree. (Lesson 4-7) 1. SURVEYING Write and solve a proportion to find the distance across the river shown in the diagram below. (Lesson 4-7) 8 m 18 m 14 m 4 in. Mied Problem Solving 7. ELECTINS About of the eighth grade class voted for Dominic to be Student Council president. If there are 50 students in the eighth grade class, how man voted for Dominic? (Lesson 4-4) 8. HEALTH About of the babies born at 5 Memorial Hospital are bos. If there are 50 babies born during the month of September, about how man are bos? (Lesson 4-4) m MURAL For Eercises 14 and 15, use the following information. A design 10 inches long and 7 inches wide is to be enlarged to appear as a wall mural that is 6 inches long. (Lesson 4-8) 14. What is the scale factor for this enlargement? 15. How wide will the mural be? Mied Problem Solving 651

55 Chapter 5 Percent 1. SCHL Two out of five children entering kindergarten can read. Write this ratio as a percent. (Lesson 5-1). ELECTINS About 5% of the school voted for ellow and red to be the school colors. Write this percent as a fraction. (Lesson 5-1) (pages 04 51) MVIES For Eercises 11 and 1, use the following information. The results of a surve asking children ages to 6 if the liked a recent animated movie are depicted below. (Lesson 5-4) Mied Problem Solving. FD About 1 7 of Americans eat fast food 5 at least two times a week. Write as a percent. (Lesson 5-) 4. GEMETRY What percent of the area of the rectangle is shaded? (Lesson 5-) in. in. 6 in. 4 in. 5. EXAMS Leie answered 75% of the questions correctl on an eam. If she answered 0 questions correctl, how man questions were on the eam? (Lesson 5-) 70% 0% Liked Movie Disliked Movie 11. If 10 children were surveed, how man said the liked the movie? 1. How man said the did not like the movie? 1. LIFE SCIENCE The table below lists the elements found in the human bod. If Jacinta weighs 10 pounds, estimate how man pounds of each element are in her bod. (Lesson 5-5) CANDY For Eercises 6 8, use the table below listing the number of each color of chocolate candies in a jar. (Lesson 5-) Color 6. What percent of the candies are brown? 7. What percent of the candies are green? 8. What percent of the candies are blue? 9. RETAIL Mr. Lewis receives a 10% commission on items he sells. What is his commission on a $5 purse? (Lesson 5-4) 10. FARMING A farmer receives 5% of the cost of a bag of flour. Determine the amount of mone a farmer receives from a bag of flour that sells for $1.60. (Lesson 5-4) 65 Mied Problem Solving Number ellow 4 brown 1 red green 5 orange 1 blue RETAIL A pair of shoes costs $50. If a 5.75% sales ta is added, what is the total cost of the shoes? (Lesson 5-6) 15. WEATHER The average wind speed on Mount Washington is 5. miles per hour. The highest wind speed ever recorded there is 1 miles per hour. Find the percent of change from the average wind speed to the highest wind speed recorded. (Lesson 5-7) 16. MNEY Suppose $500 is deposited into an account with a simple interest rate of 5.5%. Find the total in the account after ears. (Lesson 5-8) Element Percent of Bod gen 6 Carbon 19 Hdrogen 9 Nitrogen 5 Calcium 1.5 Phosphorus and Sulfur 1. Source: The New York Public Librar Science Desk Reference

56 Chapter 6 Geometr (pages 54 11) FURNITURE For Eercises 1, use the following information. Asingle piece of wood is used for both the backrest of a chair and its rear legs. The inside angle that the wood makes with the floor is 100, and the seat is parallel to the floor. (Lesson 6-1) Find the values of and.. Classif the angle measuring.. Classif the angle pair measuring 100 and using all names that appl. 4. URBAN PLANNING Ambulances cannot safel make turns of less than 70. The proposed site of a hospital s emergenc entrance is to be at the northeast corner of Bidwell and Elmwood. Should this site be approved? Eplain our reasoning. (Lesson 6-1) N 7. CARPENTRY Suppose ou are constructing a doghouse with a triangular roof. Into what shape will ou need to cut the boards labeled A and B in the diagram below? (Lesson 6-4) A 8. GARDENING Two triangular gardens have congruent shapes. If 6 bricks are needed to border the first garden how man bricks are needed to border the second garden? Eplain our reasoning. (Lesson 6-5) QUILT PATTERNS For Eercises 9 and 10, use the diagrams below. (Lesson 6-6) B Mied Problem Solving Bidwell Elmwood a. b. Delavan 5. CNSTRUCTIN A 1-foot ladder leans against a house. The base of the ladder rests on level ground and is 4 feet from the house. The top of the ladder reaches 11. feet up the side of the house. Classif the triangle formed b the house, the ground, and the ladder b its angles and b its sides. (Lesson 6-) 6. MEASUREMENT At the same time that the sun s ras make a 60 angle with the ground, the shadow cast b a flagpole is 0 feet. To the nearest foot, find the height of the flagpole. (Lesson 6-) 60 0 ft h ft 9. Determine whether each pattern has line smmetr. If it does, trace the pattern and draw all lines of smmetr. If not, write none. 10. Which pattern has rotational smmetr? Name its angles of rotation. ART For Eercises 11 1, cop and complete the design shown at the right so that each finished fourpaneled piece of art fits the given description. 11. The finished art has onl a vertical line of smmetr. (Lesson 6-7) 1. The finished art shows translations of the first design to each of the other panels. (Lesson 6-8) Upper RIght Corner 1. The finished art has rotational smmetr. Its angles of rotation are 90, 180, and 70 about the bottom left corner. (Lesson 6-9) Mied Problem Solving 65

57 Chapter 7 Geometr: Measuring Area and Volume (pages 1 69) 1. FLRING How much will it cost to tile the floor shown if the tile costs $.55 per square foot? (Lesson 7-1).0 ft 9. HATS A clown wants to fill his part hat with confetti. Use the drawing below to determine how much confetti his hat will hold. (Lesson 7-6) 10.0 ft 15.6 ft 10.0 ft 6 in. Mied Problem Solving. FD An apple pie has a diameter of 8 inches. If 1 slice is 1 of the pie, what is the 6 area of each slice? (Lesson 7-). MNEY The diameter of a dime is about 17.9 millimeters. If the dime is rolled on its edge, how far will it roll after one complete rotation? (Lesson 7-) 4. FURNITURE The top of a desk is shown below. How much workspace does the desktop provide? (Lesson 7-) 6 in. 50 in. 10. PRESENTS Viviana wants to wrap a gift in a bo that is 5 inches b inches b inches. How much wrapping paper will she need? Assume that the paper does not overlap. (Lesson 7-7) 8 in. 11. PAINTING Afront of a government building has four columns that are each 15 feet tall and 6 feet in diameter. If the columns are to be painted, find the total surface area to be painted. (Hint: The tops and bottoms of the columns will not be painted.) (Lesson 7-7) 5. STRAGE Denise has a hatbo in the shape of a heagonal prism. How man faces, edges, and vertices are on the hatbo? (Lesson 7-4) ANT FARM For Eercises 6 and 7, use the following information. A-foot b -foot b 1.5-foot terrarium is to be filled with dirt for an ant farm. (Lesson 7-5) 6. How much dirt will the terrarium hold? 7. If each bag from the store holds cubic feet of dirt, how man bags will be needed to fill the terrarium? 8. BATTERY Asize D batter is clinder shaped, with a diameter of. millimeters and a height of 61.1 millimeters. Find the batter s volume in cubic centimeters. (Hint: 1 cm 1,000 mm ) (Lesson 7-5) 654 Mied Problem Solving 1 in. 1 in. 1 in. 1 in. 1. ICE CREAM Mr. Snow wants to wrap his ice cream cones in paper. If the radius of the base of the cone is 1.5 inches and the slant height is 5 inches, how much paper will he need to cover one cone? (Lesson 7-8) 1. FAMUS BUILDINGS The front of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, hio, is a square pramid made out of glass. The pramid has a slant height of 10 feet and a base length of 0 feet. Find the lateral area of the pramid. (Lesson 7-8) SURVEYING For Eercises 14 and 15, use the following information. A surveor records that Mrs. Smith s ard is 6.5 feet b 0 feet. (Lesson 7-9) 14. Find the perimeter of the ard using the correct precision. 15. What is the area of the ard? Round to the correct number of significant digits.

58 Chapter 8 Probabilit (pages 7 415) 1. GAMES To start the game of backgammon, each plaer rolls a number cube. The plaer with the greater number starts the game. Ebon rolls a. What is the probabilit that Cristina will roll a number greater than Ebon? (Lesson 8-1). WEATHER The news reports that there is a 55% chance of snow on Monda. What is the probabilit that there will be no snow on Monda? (Lesson 8-1) ELECTRNICS For Eercises 10 and 11, use the following information. The table below shows the percent of students at Midpark Middle School who have various electronic devices in their bedrooms. (Lesson 8-5) Electronic Device Percent TV 60% DVD Plaer 15% Computer 0% Game Station 75%. MNEY Adime, a penn, a nickel, and a quarter are tossed. How man different outcomes are there? (Lesson 8-) 4. PHNE NUMBERS How man seven-digit phone numbers can be made using the numbers 0 through 9 if the first number cannot be 0? (Lesson 8-) 5. MUSIC A disc jocke has 1 songs he plans to pla in the net hour. How man was can he pick the net songs? (Lesson 8-) 10. What is the probabilit that a student has both a TV and a computer? 11. What is the probabilit that a student has a TV, a DVD plaer, and a computer? 1. CARDS Two cards are drawn from a deck of 0 cards numbered 1 to 0. nce a card is selected, it is not returned. Find the probabilit of drawing two odd cards. (Lesson 8-5) TELEVISIN For Eercises 1 and 14, use the table below. (Lesson 8-6) Mied Problem Solving 6. CNSTRUCTIN A contractor can build 11 different model homes. She onl has 4 lots. How man was can she put a different house on each lot? (Lesson 8-) 7. GAMES In the game Tic Tac Toe, plaers place an X or an in an of the nine locations that are empt. How man different was can the first moves of the game occur if X goes first? (Lesson 8-) 8. CAPS Austin wants to take of his 5 baseball caps on his trip. How man different combinations of baseball caps can he take? (Lesson 8-4) 9. MEDICINE There are 8 standard classifications of blood tpes. An eamination for prospective technicians requires them to correctl identif different samples of blood. How man groups of samples can be set up for the eamination? (Lesson 8-4) Television Show Number Who Selected as Favorite Show Show A 5 Show B 5 Show C 0 Show D 10 Show E What is the probabilit a person s favorite prime-time TV show is Show A? 14. ut of 0 people, how man would ou epect to sa that Show A is their favorite prime-time TV show? CNCERTS For Eercises 15 and 16, use the following information. As the leave a concert, 50 people are surveed at random. Si people sa the would bu a concert T-shirt. (Lesson 8-7) 15. What percent sa the would bu a T-shirt? 16. If 6,0 people attend the net concert, how man would ou epect to bu T-shirts? Mied Problem Solving 655

59 Chapter 9 Statistics and Matrices (pages ) Mied Problem Solving ADVERTISING For Eercises 1 and, use the histogram below. (Lesson 9-1) 1. How man industries used 0,000 pages or more of magazine advertising?. How man industries used less than 0,000 pages of magazine advertising?. AIR Use the circle graph below to describe the makeup of the air we breathe. (Lesson 9-) For Eercises 4 and 5, choose an appropriate tpe of displa for each situation. Then make a displa. (Lesson 9-) 4. MUSIC A surve asked teens what the liked most about a song. 59% said the sound, and 41% said the lrics. 5. TAXES Number of Industries The Air We Breathe Nitrogen 78% Magazine Advertising b Industries 0 9,999 10,000 19,999 0,000 9,999 Number of Pages gen 1% 0,000 9,999 Source: Publisher Information Bureau, Inc. Carbon Dioide, ther Gases, Water Vapor Source: The World Almanac for Kids 1% 6. ANIMALS What is the mean, median, and mode of the incubation periods of all the birds shown in the table below? (Lesson 9-4) Bird Incubation Period (das) Australian King Parrot 0 Eclectus Parrot 6 Princess Parrot 1 Red Tailed Cockatoo 0 Red-Winged Parrot 1 Regent Parrot 1 Sulphur Crested Cockatoo 0 White Tailed Cockatoo 9 Yellow Tailed Cockatoo 9 Source: PPULATIN For Eercises 7 9, use the following information. The populations of the smallest countries in 000 were 860, 10,88, 11,845, 18,766, 6,97, 1,69, and,04. (Lessons 9-5 and 9-6) 7. Find the range and median of the data. 8. Find the upper quartile, lower quartile, and interquartile range of the data. 9. Make a bo-and-whisker plot for the data. ENTERTAINMENT For Eercises 10 and 11, use the following information. The average wait times at each of the major attractions at a theme park are 0, 5, 0, 45, 45, 45, 50, and 50 minutes. (Lesson 9-7) 10. Which measure of central tendanc would the theme park use to encourage people to attend the park? Eplain. 11. Which measure of central tendanc would be more representative of the data? Ta Returns Filed Electronicall Year Percent.7% 6.6% 9.6% 11.0% Year Percent 1.% 10.5% 1.6% 15.8% Year Percent 19.9%.% 7.6% 0.7% Source: Internal Revenue Service 656 Mied Problem Solving 1. AUT RACING Make a matri for the following information. (Lesson 9-8) Datona 500 Lap and Mileage Leaders Drivers Appearances Laps Miles R. Pett 4,860 1,150.0 D. Marcis 4,859 1,147.5 D. Waltrip 8 4,76 11,815.0 Source: USA TDAY

60 Chapter 10 Algebra: More Equations and Inequalities (pages ) 1. SCHL SUPPLIES You bu two gel pens for dollars each, a spiral-bound notebook for $1.50, and a large eraser for $1. Write an epression in simplest form for the total amount of mone ou spent on school supplies. (Lesson 10-1). ENTERTAINMENT You bu CDs for $15.99 each, a tape for $9.99, and a video for $0.99. Write an epression in simplest form for the total amount of mone ou spent. (Lesson 10-1). Z Four adults took a trip to the zoo. If the spent $7 for admission and $ for parking, solve the equation 4a 7 to find the cost of admission per person. (Lesson 10-) 4. PLS There were 80 gallons of water in a 1,600-gallon pool. Water is being pumped into the pool at a rate of 00 gallons per hour. Solve the equation 00t 80 1,600 to find how man hours it will take to fill the pool. (Lesson 10-) 5. FTBALL In football, a touchdown and etra point is worth 7 points, and a field goal is worth points. The winning team scored 7 points. The score consisted of two field goals, and the rest were touchdowns with etra points. Write and solve an equation to determine how man touchdowns the winning team scored. (Lesson 10-) 6. DIVING In diving competitions where there are three judges, the sum of the judges scores is multiplied b the dive s degree of difficult. A diver s final score is the sum of all the scores for each dive. The degree of difficult for Angel s final dive is.0. Her current score is 58.5, and the current leader s final score is Write and solve an equation to determine what the sum of the judge s scores for Angel s last dive must be in order for her to tie the current leader for first place. (Lesson 10-) 7. GEMETRY Write an equation to find the value of so that each pair of polgons has the same perimeter. Then solve. (Lesson 10-4) 8. MUSIC ne music club charges $5 a month plus $5 per CD. Another club charges $7 a month plus $9 per CD. Write and solve an equation to find the number of CD purchases that results in the same monthl cost. (Lesson 10-4) For Eercises 9 and 10, write an inequalit for each sentence. (Lesson 10-5) 9. AMUSEMENT PARKS Your height must be over 48 inches tall to ride the roller coaster. 10. SHPPING You can spend no more than $500 on our vacation. 11. GEMETRY The base of the rectangle shown is less than its height. Write and solve an inequalit to find the possible positive values of. (Lesson 10-6) 1. STRMS A hurricane has winds in ecess of 75 miles per hour. A tropical storm currentl has wind speeds of 68 miles per hour. Write and solve an inequalit to find how much the wind speed must increase to be classified as a hurricane force. (Lesson 10-6) 1. SWIMMING Aswimming pool charges $4 per adult per visit. The also offer a earl pass for $11. Write and solve an inequalit to find how man times a person must go to the pool so that the earl pass is less epensive than paing per visit. (Lesson 10-7) 5 1 Mied Problem Solving Mied Problem Solving 657

61 Chapter 11 Algebra: Linear Functions (pages ) EARNINGS For Eercises 1, use the following information. Annie earns $6.50 per hour at her job as a veterinarian s assistant. (Lesson 11-1) 1. Make a list of the total amount of mone earned for 1,,, 4, and 5 hours.. State whether the sequence is arithmetic, geometric, or neither.. How much mone would she earn for working 7 hours? For Eercises 11 and 1, use the following information. Chen is saving for an $850 computer. He plans to save $50 each month. The equation f() represents the amount Chen still needs to save. (Lesson 11-5) 11. Graph the equation. 1. What does the slope of the graph represent? LIFE EXPECTANCY For Eercises 1 and 14, use the following table. (Lesson 11-6) Mied Problem Solving 4. SPRTS Tree s adjusted bowling score can be found using the function f() 0. In the function, is his actual score, and 0 is his handicap. Make a function table to show Tree s adjusted scores if he bowled 15, 144, 161, 16, and 166 in his first five games of the season. (Lesson 11-) GEMETRY For Eercises 5 7, use the following information. A regular pentagon is a polgon with five sides of equal length. (Lesson 11-) 5. Write a function for the perimeter of a regular pentagon. 6. Graph the function. 7. Determine the perimeter of a regular pentagon with sides units long. Year Born Life Epectanc Source: U.S. Census Bureau 1. Draw the scatter plot for the data. 14. Does the scatter plot show a positive, negative, or no relationship? WATER FLW For Eercises 8 10, use the following information. An empt lmpic-sized swimming pool is being filled with water. The table below shows the amount of water in the pool after the indicated amount of time. (Lesson 11-4) Time (h) Volume (m ) Graph the information with the hours on the horizontal ais and cubic meters of water on the vertical ais. Draw a line through the points. 9. What is the slope of the graph? 10. What does the slope represent? RENTALS For Eercises 15 and 16, use the following information. Compan A charges $5 plus $0.10 per mile to rent a car. Compan B charges $15 plus $0.0 per mile. (Lesson 11-7) 15. Write equations for the cost of renting a car from Compan A and from Compan B. 16. When will the costs be the same? PACKAGING For Eercises 17 and 18, use the following information. The weight limit on a certain package is 80 pounds. Two items are to go in this package. (Lesson 11-8) 17. Graph all of the possible combinations of weights for the two items. 18. Give three possible weight combinations. 658 Mied Problem Solving

62 Chapter 1 Algebra: Nonlinear Functions and Polnomials (pages ) 1. GEMETRY Recall that the volume V of a sphere is equal to four-thirds pi times the cube of its radius. Is the volume of a sphere a linear or nonlinear function of its radius? Eplain. (Lesson 1-1). PRDUCTIN The table lists the cost of producing a specific number of items at the ABC Production Compan. Does this table represent a linear or nonlinear function? Eplain. (Lesson 1-1) SCIENCE For Eercises 5, use the following information. A ball is dropped from a 00-foot cliff. The quadratic equation h 16t 00 models the height of the object t seconds after it is dropped. (Lesson 1-). Graph the function. 4. How high is the ball after seconds? 5. After about how man seconds will the ball reach the ground? 6. LANDSCAPING Write a polnomial that represents the perimeter of the garden below in feet. (Lesson 1-) Number of Items Cost (S ),507 4,514 6,51 8,58 8. CARPENTRY To build the top cupboard below, 8 6 square feet of wood is required. The bottom cupboard will require 1 square feet of wood. Find the total square feet of wood required for both cupboards, assuming that there is no waste. (Lesson 1-4) 1 ft MNEY MATTERS For Eercises 9 11, use the following information. Alan borrowed $00 each ear for college epenses. The amount he owes the bank at the beginning of his second and third ears is (400 00r) and ( r 00r ) respectivel, where r is the interest rate. (Lesson 1-5) Top ft 9. Find how much his debt increased between his second and third ears. 10. Evaluate the increase for r 6%. 11. Evaluate the increase for r 8%. 1. GEMETRY Find the volume of a bo that is inches b inches b 5 inches. (Lesson 1-6) ft Bottom 1. LIFE SCIENCE The number of cells in a petri dish starts at 5. B the end of the da, there are 1 cells in the dish. About how man times more cells are in the dish at the end of the da than at the beginning? (Lesson 1-6) ft ft ft Mied Problem Solving 7. GEMETRY Find the measure of each angle in the figure below. (Lesson 1-4) (6 4) (5 5) ( 7) HME IMPRVEMENT For Eercises 14 and 15, use the following information. A patio s length is to be 6 feet longer than its width. (Lesson 1-7) 14. Write a simplified epression for the area of the patio. 15. Evaluate the epression ou wrote in Eercise 14 to find the area of the patio if its width is 4 feet. Mied Problem Solving 659

63 Preparing For Standardized Tests Becoming a Better Test-Taker At some time in our life, ou will probabl have to take a standardized test. Sometimes this test ma determine if ou go on to the net grade level or course, or even if ou will graduate from high school. This section of our tetbook is dedicated to making ou a better test-taker. TYPES F TEST QUESTINS In the following pages, ou will see eamples of four tpes of questions commonl seen on standardized tests. A description of each tpe is shown in the table below. Preparing for Standardized Tests Tpe of Question Description See Pages multiple choice Four or five possible answer choices are given from which ou choose the best answer. gridded response You solve the problem. Then ou enter the answer in a special grid and shade in the corresponding circles. short response You solve the problem, showing our work and/or eplaining our reasoning. etended response You solve a multi-part problem, showing our work and/or eplaining our reasoning. For each tpe of question, worked-out eamples are provided that show ou step-b-step solutions. Strategies that are helpful for solving the problems are also provided. PRACTICE After being introduced to each tpe of question, ou can practice that tpe of question. Each set of practice questions is divided into five sections that represent the concepts most commonl assessed on standardized tests. Number and perations Algebra Geometr Measurement Data Analsis and Probabilit USING A CALCULATR n some tests, ou are permitted to use a calculator. You should check with our teacher to determine if calculator use is permitted on the test ou will be taking, and if so, what tpe of calculator can be used. If ou are allowed to use a calculator, make sure ou are familiar with how it works so that ou won t waste time tring to figure out the calculator when taking the test. 660 Preparing for Standardized Tests

64 TEST-TAKING TIPS In addition to the Test-Taking Tips like the one shown at the right, here are some additional thoughts that might help ou. Test-Taking Tip The units of measure asked for in the answer ma be different than the units given in the question. Check that our answer is in the correct units. Get a good night s rest before the test. Cramming the night before does not improve our results. Watch for ke words like NT and EXCEPT. Also look for order words like LEAST, GREATEST, FIRST, and LAST. For multiple-choice questions that ask for the answer choice that is not true, check each answer choice, labeling it with the letter T or F to show whether it is true or false. Cross out information that is not important. Underline ke words, and circle numbers in a question. Label our answers for open-ended questions. Rephrase the question ou are being asked. Become familiar with common formulas and when the should be used. When ou read a chart, table, or graph, pa attention to the words, numbers, and patterns of the data. Budget our time when taking a test. Don t dwell on problems that ou cannot solve. Just make sure to leave that question blank on our answer sheet. YUR TEXTBK Your tetbook contains man opportunities for ou to get read for standardized tests. Take advantage of these so ou don t need to cram before the test. Each lesson contains two standardized test practice problems to provide ou with ongoing opportunities to sharpen our test-taking skills. Ever chapter contains a completel worked-out Standardized Test Practice Eample, along with a Test-Taking Tip to help ou solve problems that are similar. Each chapter contains two full pages of Standardized Test Practice with Test-Taking Tips. These two pages contain practice questions in the various formats that can be found on the most frequentl given standardized tests. Preparing for Standardized Tests HELP N THE INTERNET There are man online resources to help ou prepare for standardized tests. Glencoe s Web site contains nline Stud Tools that include Standardized Test Practice. For hundreds of multiple choice practice problems, visit: msmath.net/standardized_test Some states provide online help for students preparing to take standardized tests. For more information, visit our state s Board of Education Web site. Preparing for Standardized Tests 661

65 Multiple-Choice Questions Multiple-choice questions are the most common tpe of question on standardized tests. These questions are sometimes called selected-response questions. You are asked to choose the best answer from four or five possible answers. Incomplete shading A B C D Too light shading A B C D Correct shading A B C D To record a multiple-choice answer, ou ma be asked to shade in a bubble that is a circle or an oval or just to write the letter of our choice. Alwas make sure that our shading is dark enough and completel covers the bubble. The answer to a multiple-choice question ma not stand out from the choices. However, ou ma be able to eliminate some of the choices. Another answer choice might be that the correct answer is not given. Preparing for Standardized Tests STRATEGY Elimination Can ou eliminate an of the choices? Kent places a ladder at a 60 angle against the wall as shown in the diagram. What is the measure of 1? A D 15 B 0 C E 180 You know that the ground and wall meet 60 at a 90 angle. You can eliminate choice D because ou know that a triangle cannot have two angles measuring 90. You can also eliminate choice E because the sum of the angles of a triangle is 180, so just one angle cannot measure 180. Find the measure of the third angle b subtracting the measures of the two known angles from 180, the sum of the angles of a triangle The measure of 1 is 0, and the answer is B. 1 Sam s Super Store sells 8 cans of soup for $.5 while Midtown s Mart sells the same soup at 10 cans for $.00. Which statement is true? A B C D Midtown s Mart has the lower price per can. Sam s Super Store has the lower price per can. Both stores have the same cost per can. None of these can be determined. Find the price per can at Sam s Super Store and Midtown s Mart. $.5 Sam s Super Store: $0.815 per can 8 cans $. 00 Midtown s Mart: $0.0 per can 1 0 cans Since , Sam s Super Store has the lower cost per can. The answer is B. 66 Preparing for Standardized Tests

66 The charges for adult ski passes at Logan Ski Slopes are shown in the table. What is the minimum number of das that an adult must ski in order for the earl pass to be less epensive than buing dail passes? A B C D 4 das 6 das 7 das 8 das Tpe of Ski Pass Cost ($) Dail 8 Yearl 47 You need to find the minimum number of dail passes that will cost more than $47. STRATEGY Backsolving Use the answer choices to work backward to find the answer. Method 1 Multipl each answer choice b $8 to determine which answer choices result in a cost greater than $47. A B C D 4 $8 $15 6 $8 $8 7 $8 $66 8 $8 $04 Answer choices C and D are both greater than $47. However, the problem asks for the minimum number of das. So answer choice C, 7 das, is correct. Preparing for Standardized Tests Read the problem a second time just to be sure whether ou want the cost to be greater or less than $47. Method Write an inequalit comparing the costs of a dail ski pass and a earl ski pass. Each dail pass costs $8, so after d das of skiing a person will have spent 8d. You want to find when 8d is greater than $47, the cost of a earl pass. Write and solve the inequalit. 8d 47 riginal inequalit 8 d Divide each side b 8. d 6.5 Simplif. Since the ski passes are onl sold b the da and not b a partial da, the number of das must be a whole number. The net whole number greater than 6.5 is 7. So, 7 das is the minimum number of das in which the earl pass will be less epensive. The answer is choice C. Preparing for Standardized Tests 66

67 Multiple-Choice Practice Choose the best answer. Number and perations 1. Dillon can run at a rate of 9 miles per hour. How man feet per minute is this? A 1. B 79 C 4,75 D 47,50. Danielle mows lawns for a part-time job in the summer. She charges $8 an hour. If Mrs. Talor paid Danielle $44, how long did it take Danielle to mow Mrs. Talor s lawn? A 4.5 h B 5 h C 5.5 h D 6 h 5. Emilia received her allowance on Saturda and took it to the mall. After she spent $5.49 for lunch, she still had $6.51. Which equation could be used to find how much she received for her allowance? A B C D At the water park ou bu our friends a pizza for $15, an order of breadsticks for $.50, and 4 drinks that cost dollars each. Which epression represents this situation? A B.50 C D.50 Preparing for Standardized Tests. Mario had 18 CDs. n Saturda he bought 4 more CDs. What is the percent of change in the number of CDs he owns? Round to the nearest percent. A 18% B % C 9% D 8% Algebra Geometr 7. Sarah is building a kite out of crepe paper and balsa wood. What is the measure of 1? To raise mone for new uniforms, the soccer team is selling shirts that have the team s logo on them. The compan making the shirts charges $0 for the design and $5 for each shirt made. The total cost to the soccer team can be represented b the equation 5 0, where represents the number of shirts made. Which graph represents this equation? A B A 5 B 5 C 45 D Alsha wants to hang decorative lights diagonall across her ceiling for a part. What should be the minimum length of the light strand? Round to the nearest tenth of a foot if necessar. 10 ft C D A C 1 ft 6.6 ft B 1.0 ft 15.6 ft D.0 ft 664 Preparing for Standardized Tests

68 9. Alonso has a template to make paver bricks for a patio. He needs to enlarge the template b a scale factor of 5. He placed the template on a coordinate grid and labeled the vertices A, B, C, and D. What will be the new -coordinate of verte A after the enlargement? Data Analsis and Probabilit 1. Which situation best describes the scatter plot? B A 10 B 5 C 5 D Keegan rode his bike 49 miles in hours. What was his average speed in miles per hour? Round to the nearest whole number if necessar. A 16 mph B 5 mph C 55 mph D 147 mph 11. Mr. Mers has a grain bin with the given dimensions. How much grain will the bin hold? Round to the nearest tenth of a cubic foot. A C A Measurement 0 ft C D 50 ft 14. ft B 1,570.8 ft ft D 15,708.0 ft 1. ne kilogram is approimatel. pounds. If Sara weighs 105 pounds, how man kilograms does she weigh? Round to the nearest tenth of a kilogram. A 40.8 kg B 47.7 kg C 09.5 kg D 1.0 kg A B C D number of hours worked at a job and amount of mone earned number of gallons of water taken out of a swimming pool and height of water in swimming pool length of hair and age ear of birth and age 14. Mileah was comparing the amount of caffeine in si different popular soft drinks. She found that a 1-ounce serving contained the following milligrams of caffeine: 55, 47, 45, 41, 40, and 7. What is the mean of this data set? Round to the nearest milligram. A 7 mg B 4 mg C 44 mg D 55 mg 15. Braden has movies. Eight of these movies are action movies. If he randoml chooses a movie to watch, what is the probabilit that it is not an action movie? A 1 4 B 1 C 1 Test-Taking Tip Question 1 When a question asks for the best answer, read all the answer choices first and eliminate an unreasonable answer choices. D 4 Preparing for Standardized Tests 665 Preparing for Standardized Tests

69 Gridded-Response Questions Gridded-response questions are another tpe of question on standardized tests. These questions are sometimes called student-produced response or grid in For gridded response, ou must mark our answer on a grid printed on an answer sheet. The grid contains a row of four or five boes at the top, two rows of ovals or circles with decimal and fraction smbols, and four or five columns of ovals, numbered 0 9. An eample of a grid from an answer sheet is shown. Zach is in charge of ordering hot dogs for the concession stand for the home football games. If he needs 70 hot dogs for games, how man will he need for all 8 home games? What value do ou need to find? You need to find the total number of hot dogs needed for 8 games given the number needed for games. Preparing for Standardized Tests Write and solve a proportion. Let d represent the number of hot dogs needed for 8 games. hot dogs games 7 0 d d Find the cross products. 560 d Multipl. 80 d hot dogs games Zach will need 80 hot dogs for 8 games. How do ou fill in the grid for the answer? Print our answer in the answer boes. Print onl one digit or smbol in each answer bo. Do not write an digits or smbols outside the answer boes. You ma print our answer with the first digit in the left answer bo, or with the last digit in the right answer bo. You ma leave blank an boes ou do not need on the right or the left side of our answer. Fill in onl one bubble for ever answer bo that ou have written in. Be sure not to fill in a bubble under a blank answer bo Preparing for Standardized Tests

70 Man gridded-response questions result in an answer that is a fraction or a decimal. These values can also be filled in on the grid. Aplane travels at an average rate of 0 miles per hour. If the plane traveled 80 miles, how man hours has the plane been in flight? r t d Use the distance formula. 0t 80 Replace r with 0 and d with 80. 0t Divide each side b 0. t 1 4 Simplif. The plane has been traveling for 1 4 of an hour. How do ou fill in the answer grid? You can either grid the fraction 1, or rewrite it as 0.5 and grid the decimal. 4 The following are acceptable answer responses. Notice that the question asks for the time in hours, not minutes. So an answer of 15 would 1 / 4 be incorrect / Preparing for Standardized Tests Some problems ma result in an answer that is an improper fraction or mied number. Before filling in the grid, change the mied number to an equivalent improper fraction or decimal. Triangle ABC is similar to QRS. What is the value of? B C A C Write a proportion. RS QS BC, RS 5, AC 5, QS Find the cross products Multipl Divide each side b or 1 You can either grid the improper fraction 5, or the decimal 1.5. Do not enter 11/, as this will be interpreted as 1 1. A 0 B R 8 5 C Q S / Preparing for Standardized Tests 667

71 Gridded-Response Practice Solve each problem. Then cop and complete a grid like the one shown on page 666. Number and perations 1. John ran 1 miles on Monda. n Tuesda, he ran 1 4 miles. How man more miles did he run on Monda? 9. Avideo rental store charges $0 for a membership and $ to rent each video. The total cost can be represented b the equation + 0, where represents the number of videos rented. What is the -intercept of the graph of the equation? Preparing for Standardized Tests. Maria s Fashions is having a sale on shoes. She is discounting ever pair of shoes b 5%. If a pair of sandals regularl sell for $, what will be the sale price of the sandals in dollars?. There are approimatel.54 centimeters in one inch. If the width of a piece of paper is 8 inches, what is the approimate width of the paper in centimeters? 4. The atomic weight of iodine is approimatel What is iodine s atomic weight written in standard notation? 5. Austin s Sandwich Shop offers a lunchtime sandwich special. A customer has a choice of bread, meat, and cheese as shown in the table. How man different sandwich choices are there? Bread Meat Cheese Sourdough Turke Swiss Wheat Ham American Re Roast Beef Provolone 10. The graph shows the enrollment of students grades Pre-K through 8 in thousands from 1970 to 000. What is the rate of change between 1990 and 000? Enrollment (in thousands) 5b,000,000 1,000 0,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 0 Source: TIME Almanac 11. If 5a is simplified, what is the eponent ab of a? Geometr Student Enrollment (1970,,558) (1980, 7,647) Year (000,,6) (1990, 9,878) 1. What is the distance between point A and point B? Round to the nearest tenth of a unit. Algebra 6. Evaluate 1 if 1 and 6. B (, 1) A (, 1) 7. Find f(1) if f() After a half hour, Kara had walked 1.5 miles. After 1 hour, she had walked miles. If ou graph this information with hours on the -ais and miles on the -ais, what is the slope of the graph? 1. What is the measure of in degrees? Preparing for Standardized Tests

72 14. Triangle MN is dilated with a scale factor of. What is the -coordinate of M on the dilated image? 0. What is the surface area of the cone? Round to the nearest square inch. 5 in. 5 M (, ) 1 in. 1 in. (1, 1) 15. If polgon ABCD is similar to polgon RSTU, what is the measure of AB? N (, 1) Test-Taking Tip Question 0 A figure ma give ou more information than ou need to solve the problem. Before solving, circle an information in the figure that is needed to find the answer. A 1 D Triangle QRS is congruent to XYZ. Find the value of a. Q B 9 C Y R 8 U 4a 7 4 Z S 6 T Data Analsis and Probabilit 1. Last week Toa worked the following hours per da: 5, 6, 9, 4,, and 9. What is the mean number of hours that she worked per da?. The spinner is divided into 8 equal sections. If Megan spins the spinner, what is the probabilit that the spinner will land on ellow or red? Preparing for Standardized Tests BLUE S 60 R X RED GREEN PURPLE RANGE BLUE YELLW RED Measurement 17. The distance from Little Rock, Arkansas, to Albuquerque, New Meico, is 88 miles. What is this distance to the nearest kilometer? (1 kilometer 0.6 miles) 18. Giant Value sells 8 bottles of fruit juice for $6.00. Epress this as a unit rate in dollars per bottle. 19. The Bakers need a cover for their swimming pool. If the swimming pool is round and has a diameter of 15 feet, what will be the area of the cover? Round to the nearest tenth of a square foot.. The table shows the height in inches of 15 students in Mrs. Garcia s class. What is the interquartile range of the data? A bag contains green marbles, 6 ellow marbles, 5 red marbles, and 9 blue marbles. How man ellow marbles must be added to the bag so that the probabilit of randoml picking a ellow marble is 1? 5. In Mr. Firewalk s class, 4 of the 0 students said the owned a pet. If the entire school has 890 students, how man of the total students in the school would ou epect own pets? Preparing for Standardized Tests 669

73 Short-Response Questions Short-response questions require ou to provide a solution to the problem as well as an method, eplanation, and/or justification ou used to arrive at the solution. These are sometimes called constructed-response, open-response, open-ended, free-response, or student-produced questions. The following is a sample rubric, or scoring guide, for scoring shortresponse questions. Credit Score Criteria Full Full credit: The answer is correct and a full eplanation is provided that shows each step in arriving at the final answer. n some standardized tests, no credit is given for a correct answer if our work is not shown. Partial 1 Partial credit: There are two different was to receive partial credit. The answer is correct, but the eplanation provided is incomplete or incorrect. The answer is incorrect, but the eplanation and method of solving the problem is correct. None 0 No credit: Either an answer is not provided or the answer does not make sense. Preparing for Standardized Tests Sophia wants to retile her kitchen floor. If the tiling costs $.50 per square foot, what will be the cost to tile the entire floor? 1 ft 18 ft Sophia s kitchen 4 ft Full Credit Solution 6 ft I will break the kitchen into two rectangular regions and find the area of each region. Be sure to complete this final step to answer the question asked. 8 ft 18 ft 6 ft A lw (18)(8) A lw (4)(6) 144 square feet 4 square feet Total area square feet Since it costs $.50 for each square foot, I will multipl the total square feet (168) b $ $.5 $588 It will cost Sophia $588 to tile her kitchen. 4 ft The steps, calculations, and reasoning are clearl stated. 670 Preparing for Standardized Tests

74 Partial Credit Solution In this sample solution, there are no eplanations for finding the lengths or for the calculations. There is no eplanation of how the lengths were found. A lw (18)(1) (4)(1) There are 168 square feet in her kitchen It will cost Sophia $588 to tile her kitchen. Partial Credit Solution In this sample solution, the answer is incorrect because the area was calculated incorrectl. However, the process for finding the area and then the cost was correct. Since the tiling is charged in square feet, I will first find the area of the kitchen in square feet. A lw (18)(1) 16 The area calculated was incorrect, but an eplanation was given for each step. Preparing for Standardized Tests The area of the kitchen is 16 square feet. Since it costs $.50 for each square foot, I will multipl the total square feet (16) b $ It will cost Sophia $756 to tile her kitchen. No Credit Solution In this sample solution, there are no eplanations, the area is calculated incorrectl, and the cost for the tile was not found. A lw (18)(1) 16 It will cost $16 to tile the kitchen. Preparing for Standardized Tests 671

75 Short-Response Practice Solve each problem. Show all our work. Number and perations Algebra Preparing for Standardized Tests 1. Mr. Collins is the supervisor of the eighth grade basketball league. He has 7 students signed up to pla. Each team needs to have the same number of students, but cannot have more than 15 students. What is the greatest number of students that can be on each team? How man teams will Mr. Collins have?. Mika bus a jacket for $45 plus 6% sales ta. She decided that she didn t want it anmore so she sold it to her friend for $50. How much did she gain or lose from her sale?. Karla is baking cookies to take to a bake sale. Her recipe calls for 1 cups of flour. If she plans on taking 4 1 batches to the sale, how much flour will she need? 4. The Student Council has saved $00 for a field trip to the Discover Science Museum. If the admission is $8 per student and lunch for each student will cost $5.5, how man students will be able to go? 5. Kor is five feet tall. When she stands net to a tree, she casts a 6-foot shadow. How tall is the tree if it casts a 6-foot shadow? 6. Miguel has $400. He plans to spend $5 per da on lunch. The equation for the amount of mone Miguel has at an time is 400 5, where is the number of das from toda. If this equation is graphed, what is the slope? What does the slope mean? 7. Tree wants to hire a landscaper. JR s Landscaping Service charges $00 for a design laout and $50 an hour for working on a ard. Great Landscapers charges $400 for a design laout and $5 an hour for working on the ard. If it will take 6 hours to landscape Tree s ard, which compan should he hire? Eplain. 8. The points in the table all lie on one line. Find the slope of the line. Then graph the line. 9. Luc is helping her father run his campaign for cit maor. If she can make and mail 45 flers in half an hour, how long will it take her to make and mail 150 flers? 10. Kle bought shirts for $4.99 each, a pair of shoes for $49.99, and a pair of jeans for $ If Kle spent a total of $01.94, how man shirts did he bu? Geometr 11. Find the value of so that the polgons have the same perimeter. 6 ft 5 ft ft 67 Preparing for Standardized Tests

76 1. Find the measures of a and b. b a The basketball team receives cups of water at ever timeout. The cups are shaped as cones as shown below. What is the volume of one cup? Use.14 for. in. 1. From the distances given, do the three cities in Iowa form a right triangle? Eplain. 4 in. Webster Cit.5 cm 4.5 cm Fort Ames Dodge 6.5 cm Measurement 14. Find the value of in the figure. Data Analsis and Probabilit 18. Lee has 8 pairs of shoes. He is fling to see his brother and can onl fit pairs in his suitcase. How man different combinations of pairs of shoes can he take? What is the ratio of the surface area of the smaller bo to the surface of the larger bo? Find the area of the figure below. Round to the nearest tenth The table shows a list of favorite sports of the students in Mr. Murra s class. Sport Number of Students swimming 5 basketball golf volleball 7 football 8 soccer 5 other 5 What is the probabilit that a randoml selected student has a favorite sport that is swimming or soccer? Preparing for Standardized Tests 8 in. 10 in.. 0. Shari s Boutique has 15 emploees. The would like to hire more people since the are epanding their store. The current salaries of the emploees are listed in the table. Test-Taking Tip Questions 1 and 16 Be sure to read the instruction of each problem carefull. Some questions require an eplanation or specif how to round answers. Position Yearl Salar Number of Emploees Manager $75,000 1 Supervisor $0,000 4 Clerk $1, Which measure of central tendenc should Shari use to encourage people to appl? Eplain. Preparing for Standardized Tests 67

77 Etended-Response Questions Etended-response questions are often called open-ended or constructed-response questions. Most etended-response questions have multiple parts. You must answer all parts to receive full credit. In etended-response questions ou must show all of our work in solving the problem. A rubric is used to determine if ou receive full, partial, or no credit. The following is a sample rubric for scoring etended-response questions. Credit Score Criteria Full 4 Full credit: A correct solution is given that is supported b welldeveloped, accurate eplanations. n some standardized tests, no credit is given for a correct answer if our work is not shown. Partial,, 1 Partial credit: A generall correct solution is given that ma contain minor flaws in reasoning or computationis given, or an incomplete solution is given. The more correct the solution, the greater the score. None 0 No credit: An incorrect solution is given indicating no mathematical understanding of the concept, or no solution is given. Preparing for Standardized Tests Make sure that when the problem sas to Show our work, ou show ever part of our solution. This includes figures, graphs, and an eplanations for our calculations. Lanae owns a music store. The table shows the number of each tpe of CD that she sold in one weekend. a. Find the percent of CDs sold for each music tpe. Round to the nearest percent. b. Find the number of degrees for each section of a circle graph representing the data. Round to the nearest tenth of a degree. Make a circle graph of the data. c. If Lanae sells 50 CDs the following weekend, how man would ou epect to be Jazz? Music Tpe Number of CDs Sold Classical 1 Countr 9 Hip-Hop 15 Jazz 4 R&B 5 Full Credit Solution Part a I will first find the total number of CDs sold To find each percent, I will divide the number of CDs in the categor b the total number of CDs sold: 1 4 Classical: 1% Jazz: 5% Countr: 9% R&B: 7% Hip-Hop: 16% Preparing for Standardized Tests

78 Part b I will multipl each percent b 60 to find the number of degrees for each section of the circle. Jazz 5% Hip-Hop 16% CDs Sold R & B 7% Classical 1% Countr 9% Classical: 1% of Countr: 9% of Hip-Hop: 16% of Jazz: 5% of R&B: 7% of Part c Partial Credit Solution Part a Since 5% of the CDs sold the weekend before were Jazz, ou would epect about 5% of the 50 CDs to be Jazz. 5% of You should epect about 6 of the CDs sold to be Jazz. This answer includes no eplanation of how the percents were found. Classical: 1% Countr: 9% R&B: 7% Hip-Hop: 16% Jazz: 5% Preparing for Standardized Tests Part b This sample answer onl includes part of the answer. The circle graph is missing. Part c To make a circle graph of the data, I first need to find the number of degrees that represent each section. Classical: 1% of or 46.8 Countr: 9% of or.4 Hip-Hop: 16% of or 57.6 Jazz: 5% of or 90 R&B: 7% of or 1. Partial credit is given since no work is shown, but the answer is correct. About 6 CDs should be Jazz. No Credit Solution Astudent who demonstrates no understanding of how to find the percents, does not make a circle graph, or draws an incorrect graph, and does not understand how to use the information to make predictions receives no credit. Preparing for Standardized Tests 675

79 Etended-Response Practice Solve each problem. Show all our work. Preparing for Standardized Tests Number and perations 1. Ellen has a postcard that she wants to enlarge and hang on her wall. The dimensions of the postcard are 5 inches b 7 inches. a. Suppose she enlarges the postcard b a scale factor of 6. What will be the new dimensions? b. Ellen found that after enlarging the picture with a scale factor of 6, it still was not the right size. She decided to tr to enlarge it so the scale factor from the original picture to the enlarged picture is :5. What will be the new dimensions? c. Using the dimensions found in Part a, what is the ratio of the area of the smaller picture to the area of the enlarged picture?. The table shows the number of computer users in eight different countries in a recent ear. Countr Computer Users (millions) United States Japan German 1.59 United Kingdom 5.91 France 1.81 China 1.1 Canada 17.0 Ital Source: U.S. Census Bureau a. Which countr had approimatel 1 8 the number of computer users that the United States had? b. How man more computer users did Canada have than Ital? c. If the total number of computer users in the top 15 countries is 40.0 million, what percent of these users are from German? Round to the nearest tenth of a percent. 676 Preparing for Standardized Tests Algebra. The table shows the annual average temperatures and snowfalls for several cities. Cit Annual Averages Temperature ( F) Sources: and Snowfall (in.) Albuquerque, NM Atlanta, GA Chicago, IL Des Moines, IA Houston, TX Louisville, KY Memphis, TN Miami, FL New York, NY a. Draw a scatter plot of the data. Let the -ais be the average temperature and the -ais be the average snowfall. b. Does the scatter plot show a positive, negative, or no relationship? Eplain. c. Use our scatter plot to estimate the amount of annual snowfall ou would epect in Cincinnati, hio, which has an annual average temperature of 51.7 F. 4. Kung works at a golf course for his summer job. The table shows the amount of mone that he earns after various number of hours worked. Time (h) Amount ($) a. Graph the information with hours on the -ais and dollars on the -ais. Draw a line through the points. b. What is the slope of the graph? Eplain what the slope means. c. If Kung works 4 hours in one week, how much mone will he make?

80 Geometr 5. Chelsea leans a 10-foot ladder on the side of her house. The base of the ladder is 4 feet from the house. Measurement 7. The table shows the winning men s marathon times, rounded to the nearest minute, at five lmpic games. a. How high up the wall does the ladder reach? Round to the nearest tenth of a foot. b. If Chelsea needs the ladder to reach 11 feet up the wall, is this possible? If so, how far from the base of the house should the ladder be? c. Use the diagram to find the measures of the angles in the triangle formed b the ladder, the ground, and the wall. Round to the nearest degree. Test-Taking Tip 6. Use ABC and JKL in the diagram below. L C J A K B 4 ft 10 ft Question 5 After finding the solutions, alwas go back and read the problem again to make sure our solution answers what the problem is asking. Year Runner Time (min.) 1984 Carlos Lopes Gelindo Bordin Hwang Young-Cho Josia Thugwane Gezahgne Abera 10 Source: The World Almanac a. A marathon is 6. miles. What rate did the 000 winner run the marathon in miles per hour? Round to the nearest tenth. b. If the 1984 winner could keep up his average rate, how long would it take him to run 50 miles? Round to the nearest minute. Data Analsis and Probabilit 8. The data represent the magnitudes of recent earthquakes Source: The World Almanac a. Make a bo-and-whisker plot of the data. b. What is the interquartile range of the data? c. What is the median and mean of the data? 9. Fort customers were surveed as the left Super Slides Water Park. The results are in the table below. Item Number Purchased T-shirt 16 Beverage 6 Food 1 Preparing for Standardized Tests a. Graph the image of ABC after it is reflected over the -ais. Write the coordinates of its vertices. b. Graph the image of JKL after it is translated units up. Write the coordinates of its vertices. c. What translation(s) would transform ABC to JKL? a. What percent of the customers purchased a beverage? b. If 15 people attend the park on Monda, about how man of the customers would ou epect will purchase food? c. n Monda, 155 people of the 15 purchased a T-shirt. Would ou have epected this? Eplain. Preparing for Standardized Tests 677

81 The Tangent Ratio What You ll LEARN Find the tangent of an angle and find missing measures using the tangent. NEW Vocabular tangent am I ever going to use this? The industrial technolog class plans to add a wheelchair ramp to the emergenc eit of the auditorium as a class project. The know that the landing is feet high and that the angle the ramp makes with the ground cannot be greater than 6. The want to find the minimum distance from the landing that the ramp should start. 1. How can ou draw a diagram to represent this situation? Problems like the one above involve a right triangle and ratios. ne ratio, called the tangent, compares the measure of the leg opposite an angle with the measure of the leg adjacent to that angle. The smbol for the tangent of angle A is tan A. Words measure of the leg opposite A measure of the leg adjacent to A If A is an acute angle of a right triangle, measure of the leg opposite A tan A. measure of the leg adjacent to A Tangent Ratio Smbols tan A b a Model B a c C b A Trigonometr You can also use the smbol for tangent to write the tangent of an angle measure. The tangent of a 60 angle is written as tan 60. If ou know the measures of one leg and an acute angle of a right triangle, ou can use the tangent ratio to solve for the measure of the other leg. Use Tangent to Solve a Problem Trigonometric Table If our calculator does not have a TAN ke, ou can use the table on page 685 to estimate answers. CNSTRUCTIN In the situation above, what is the minimum distance from the landing that the wheelchair ramp should start? Use our diagram. ma 6 ft adjacent leg feet opposite leg feet tan A o pposite leg adjacentleg tan 6 (tan 6 )() Multipl each side b. A Divide each side b tan 6. tan 6 6 ft 678 The Tangent Ratio

82 Use a calculator to find the value of. ENTER TAN To the nearest tenth, the ramp should begin about 8.5 feet from the landing. You can use the TAN 1 function on our calculator to find the measure of an acute angle of a right triangle when ou know the measures of the two legs. Use Tangent to Find Angle Measure Technolog To find TAN 1, press the nd ke and then the TAN ke. Find the measure of A to the nearest degree. From the figure, ou know the measures of the two legs. Use the definition of tangent. tan A o pposite leg adjacentleg tan A 1 60 A 10 m C 6 m B Now use our calculator to find the measure of A. nd [TAN 1 ENTER ] The measure of A is about Write a definition of the tangent ratio.. PEN ENDED Eplain how to use the tangent ratio to find the measure of a leg of a right triangle.. PEN ENDED Eplain how to find the measure of an angle in a right triangle when ou know the measures of the two legs. Trigonometr Find each tangent to the nearest tenth. Find the measure of each angle to the nearest degree. K 1 m 4. tan J 5. tan K 6. m J 7. mk R 0 m J 8. Find the value of to the nearest tenth. 0 km 10 km 9. MEASUREMENT A guline is fastened to a TV tower 50 feet above the ground and forms an angle of 65 with the tower. How far is it from the base of the tower to the point where the guline is anchored into the ground? Round to the nearest foot. The Tangent Ratio 679

83 Complete each eercise using the information in the figures. Find each tangent to the nearest tenth. Find the measure of each angle to the nearest degree. 15 cm B 9 cm 4 in. R 10 in. Z D 0 d 1 d 9 d F For Eercises 10 11, 14 15, 18 19, 6 1 1, 16 17, 0 1 See Eamples 1 A 1 cm C E 6 in. Y 10. tan A 11. tan B 1. ma 1. mb 14. tan Z 15. tan E 16. mz 17. me 18. tan F 19. tan Y 0. mf 1. my Find the value of to the nearest tenth.. 0. m mi in. 8 m 40 mi 4 in. Trigonometr 5. If the leg opposite the 5 angle in a right triangle is 4 inches long, how long is the other leg to the nearest tenth? 6. If the leg adjacent to a 9 angle in a right triangle is 9 feet long, what is the measure of the other leg to the nearest tenth? 7. MEASUREMENT A flagpole casts a shadow 5 meters long when the angle of elevation of the Sun is 40. How tall is the flagpole to the nearest meter? 40 5 m 8. SURVEYING A surveor is finding the width of a river for a proposed bridge. A theodolite is an instrument used b the surveor to measure angles. The distance from the surveor to the proposed bridge site is 40 feet. The surveor measures a 50 angle to the bridge site across the river. Find the length of the bridge to the nearest foot. 40 ft CRITICAL THINKING In a right triangle, the tangent of one of the acute angles is 1. Describe how the measures of the two legs are related. 680 The Tangent Ratio

84 The Sine and Cosine Ratios What You ll LEARN Find the sine and cosine of an angle and find missing measures using sine and cosine. NEW Vocabular trigonometr sine cosine angle of elevation am I ever going to use this? ART Toni decided to make a scale drawing of the Leaning Tower of Pisa for her project in art class. She knows the tower is 177 feet tall and tilts 16.5 feet off the perpendicular. 1. In the diagram, what angle describes how much the Tower is leaning? In the situation above, ou know the measures of one leg and the hpotenuse of a right triangle. These are not the measures ou need to use the tangent ratio. The tangent ratio is onl one of several ratios used in the stud of the properties of triangles, or trigonometr. Two other ratios are the sine ratio and the cosine ratio. These can be written as sin A and cos A. The are defined as follows ft 177 ft Sine and Cosine Ratios Words If A is an acute angle of a right triangle, measure of the leg opposite A sin A measure of the hpotenuse and measure of the leg adjacent to A cos A measure of the hpotenuse. Smbols sin A c a Model cos A b c B a c Trigonometr C b A Find Sine and Cosine Use ABC to find sin A, cos A, sin B, and cos B. BC sin A sin B A C A B AB cos A A C AB 4 5 or 0.8 or BC cos B A B 5 or or A 5 d B d C 4 d The Sine and Cosine Ratios 681

85 You can find the sine and cosine of an angle b using a calculator. sin 6 SIN cos 6 CS You can use the sine and cosine ratios to find missing lengths of sides or angle measures in a right triangle. Use Cosine to Find Side Length Find the length of XY in XYZ. X 5 n km Y 5 km Z You know the measure of X and the length of the hpotenuse. You can use the cosine ratio. cos X X Y a djacent leg XZ hpotenuse n cos 5 5 Replace X with 5, XY with n, and XZ with 5. (5)(cos 5 ) n Multipl each side b 5. Use a calculator to find the value of n. ENTER 5 CS The length of XY is about 0.5 kilometers. Trigonometr Use Sine to Solve a Problem SCALE DRAWINGS Find the angle that Toni needs to draw for her scale drawing of the Leaning Tower of Pisa. Eplore You know the length of the leg opposite the angle and the length of the hpotenuse. You can use sin A. Plan Substitute the known values into the definition of sine. sin A o pposite leg hpotenuse Solve sin A Use a calculator to find the value of A. Eamine nd [SIN 1 ENTER ] Toni must draw an angle of about 5. Toni knows the angle in her drawing will be ver narrow. Since 5 is a ver small angle, it is a reasonable answer ft A 177 ft 68 The Sine and Cosine Ratios

86 Man problems that can be solved using trigonometric ratios deal with angles of elevation. An angle of elevation is formed b a horizontal line and a line of sight above it. of elevation tal line Use Angle of Elevation to Solve a Problem MEASUREMENT The angle of elevation from a small boat to the top of a lighthouse is 5. If the top of the lighthouse is 150 feet above sea level, find the distance from the boat to the base of the lighthouse. 5 A ft 150 ft Let the distance from the boat to the base of the lighthouse. tan o pposite leg adjacentleg (tan 5 ) 150 Multipl each side b. 150 Divide each side b tan 5. ta n 5 ENTER 150 TAN The boat is about feet from the base of the lighthouse. 1. Write a definition for the sine and cosine ratios.. PEN ENDED Show how ou could use the sine or cosine to find the missing measure of one of the legs if ou know the hpotenuse and an acute angle. Trigonometr Find each sine or cosine to the nearest tenth. Find the measure of each angle to the nearest degree.. cos A 4. sin A 5. m A 6. sin B 7. cos B 8. mb B 8 m C 10 m 6 m A 9. Find the value of to the nearest degree. 10 m 6 m 4 m The Sine and Cosine Ratios 68

87 10. TRANSPRTATIN The end of an eit ramp from an interstate highwa is feet higher than the highwa. If the ramp is 60 feet long, what angle does it make with the highwa? Round to the nearest degree. Complete each eercise using the information in the figures. Find each sine or cosine to the nearest tenth. Find the measure of each angle to the nearest degree. A 4 ft 0 ft B 16 ft C R 1 in. 11. sin A 1. sin B 1. cos A 14. cos B 15. ma 16. mb 17. sin R 18. cos R 19. sin S 0. cos S 1. mr. ms. sin E 4. cos F 5. me 6. mf Q 0 in. 16 in. S F D 0 km 1 km 9 km E For Eercises 11 14, 19 0, 4 7, , 1, 5 6, 8 1 See Eamples 1 4 Find the value of to the nearest tenth or nearest degree km d 1 d 1. cm 10 km 8.66 km cm Trigonometr 0. HME IMPRVEMENT A painter props a 0-foot ladder against a house. The angle it forms with the ground is 65. To the nearest foot, how far up the side of the house does the ladder reach? 1. SURVEYING A surveor is 85 meters from the base of a building. The angle of elevation to the top of the building is 0. If her ee level is 1.6 meters above the ground, find the height of the building to the nearest meter. 1.6 m 0 85 m. FIRE FIGHTING A fire is sighted from a fire tower at an angle of depression of. If the fire tower has a height of 15 feet, how far is the fire from the base of the tower? Round to the nearest foot. 15 ft d ft d ft. CRITICAL THINKING Stud our answers to Eercises Make a conjecture about the relationship between the sine and cosine of complementar angles. 684 The Sine and Cosine Ratios

88 Table of Trigonometric Ratios 685 Trigonometr Angle sin cos tan Angle sin cos tan 0º 1º º º 4º 5º º 46º 47º 48º 49º 50º º 7º 8º 9º 10º º 5º 5º 54º 55º º 1º 1º 14º 15º º 57º 58º 59º 60º º 17º 18º 19º 0º º 6º 6º 64º 65º º º º 4º 5º º 67º 68º 69º 70º º 7º 8º 9º 0º º 7º 7º 74º 75º º º º 4º 5º º 77º 78º 79º 80º º 7º 8º 9º 40º º 8º 8º 84º 85º º 4º 4º 44º 45º º 87º 88º 89º 90º Table of Trigonometric Ratios

89 Converting Measures of Area and Volume What You ll LEARN Convert customar and metric units of area and volume. am I ever going to use this? GAMES ARubik s Cube is a puzzle consisting of a cube with colored faces. It can help ou understand how to convert measures of area and volume. 1. Look at one face of Rubik s Cube. How man cubes are there along each edge? How man squares are there on one face?. Suppose the Rubik s Cube is made of laers with 9 small cubes in each laer. How man small cubes are there in all?. What is the relationship between the number of cubes along each edge and the number of squares on one face? between the number of cubes along each edge and the total number of small cubes? Measurement Conversion The units of area in the customar sstem are square inch (in ), square foot (ft ), square ard (d ), and square mile (mi ). Customar Units of Area 1 ft 144 in 1 d 9 ft Just as when ou convert units of length, capacit, or weight: to convert from larger units to smaller units, multipl, and to convert from smaller units to larger units, divide. Convert Customar Units of Area Complete each conversion. ft? in ft ( 144) in To convert from ft to in, multipl b in 48 ft? d 48 ft (48 9) d To convert from ft to d, divide b d Complete each conversion. a. 1.5 ft? in b. 45 ft? d The units of volume in the customar sstem are cubic inch (in ), cubic foot (ft ), and cubic ard (d ). Customar Units of Volume 1 ft 1,78 in 1 d 7 ft 686 Converting Measures of Area and Volume

90 Convert Customar Units of Volume Alternative Method You can also convert each measurement to ards before finding the volume. BUILDING How man cubic ards of concrete will ou need for a rectangular drivewa that is 44 feet long, 9 feet wide, and 4 inches thick? Find the volume in cubic feet, then convert to cubic ards. V wh V inches 4 1 or 1 foot V 1 cubic feet To convert from cubic feet to cubic ards, divide b 7. 1 ft (1 7) d 4.89 d You need 4.89 cubic ards of concrete. Decimeter A decimeter is a metric unit of length equal to 10 centimeters. ne square decimeter is about the size of a computer disk. The common units of area in the metric sstem are square millimeter (mm ), square centimeter (cm ), square meter (m ), and square kilometer (km ). The common units of volume in the metric sstem are cubic centimeter (cm ), cubic decimeter (dm ), and cubic meter (m ). Metric Units of Area Metric Units of Volume 1 cm 100 mm 1 dm 1,000 cm 1 m 10,000 cm 1 m 1,000 dm Convert Metric Units Complete each conversion. 16. cm? mm 16. cm ( ) mm To convert from cm to mm, multipl 1,60 mm b ,800 cm? dm 1,800 cm (1,800 1,000) dm To convert from cm to m, divide b 1.8 dm 1,000. Measurement Conversion Complete each conversion. c.,500 cm? m d. 4.6 m? dm The metric sstem is unique in that the measures for length, capacit, and mass are related. When the sstem was designed, 1 liter was to be the volume of a cube of water one-tenth of a meter on a side, and 1 kilogram was the mass of 1 liter of pure water. (It didn t turn out quite like this, but the actual metric units come ver close.) So, if ou had a container whose volume was 1.8 cubic decimeters, as in Eample 5, it would hold 1.8 liters of water. Converting Measures of Area and Volume 687

91 1. Eplain how to convert 6 cubic ards to cubic feet... FIND THE ERRR Katie and Tler are converting 88 square inches to square feet. Who is correct? Eplain our reasoning. Tler ft Katie ft Complete each conversion. Round to the nearest hundredth if necessar.. ft? in 4. d? ft ft? d ft? in d? ft ft? d cm? mm mm? cm 11.,400 cm? dm 1. BILGY The total surface area of the average adult s skin is about 1.5 square feet. Convert this measurement to square inches. Measurement Conversion Complete each conversion. Round to the nearest hundredth if For Eercises necessar , 1. 5 ft? in ft? in in ft in ft 7 4 4, 5?? d? ft ft? d ft? d 0. ft? in ft? in. 00 d? ft. 15. d? ft ft? d cm? mm cm? mm 7.,59 mm? cm mm? cm cm? dm 0. m? dm 1..6 m? dm. BALLNS Astandard hot air balloon holds about,000 cubic meters of hot air. How man cubic decimeters is this?. REMDELING Carpet is sold b the square ard. Suppose ou have a room that is 18 feet long and 15 feet wide. How man square ards of carpet would cover this room? 4. LANDSCAPING Alandscape architect wants to cover a 40-foot b 1-foot rectangular area with small stones to a depth of inches. Will 100 cubic feet of stones be enough? If not, how man cubic feet are needed? 5. MICRWAVES The inside of a microwave oven has a volume of 1. cubic feet and measures 18 inches wide and 10 inches long. To the nearest tenth, how deep is the inside of the microwave? 6. CRITICAL THINKING The densit of gold is 19.9 grams per cubic centimeter. To the nearest hundredth, find the mass in grams of a gold bar that is 0.75 inch b 1 inch b 0.75 inch. Use the relationship 1 cubic inch 16.8 cubic centimeters. See Eamples 688 Converting Measures of Area and Volume

92 Converting Between Measurement Sstems What You ll LEARN Convert between metric and customar sstems of measurement. REVIEW Vocabular dimensional analsis: the process of including units of measurement when ou compute (Lesson -) am I ever going to use this? SPRTS ne of the most popular and eciting lmpic events is the 100-meter dash. It is also one of the quickest events, lasting less than 10 seconds. 1. You know that 1 meter is a little longer than 1 ard. Estimate the distance in ards of the 100-meter dash.. There are approimatel.8 feet in 1 meter. What is the distance in feet of the 100-meter dash?. Compare our answers to Questions 1 and. Are the reasonable? Eplain. For ears ou have converted measurements in either the metric sstem or the customar sstem. For eample, ou know that there are 1 inches in 1 foot and 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. To convert from larger units to smaller units, multipl. To convert from smaller units to larger units, divide. 8 ft in. 0 in ft.9 km.9 1,000,900 m 750 m 750 1, km However, when ou convert from one sstem to the other, it is sometimes difficult to remember which unit is larger. Instead, ou can use dimensional analsis and conversion factors. The table below shows conversion factors for units of length. Measurement Conversion Units of Length Relationship Conversion Factors 1 in. 1 in..54 cm,.5 4 cm.5 4 cm 1 in. 1 ft 1 ft m, m m 1 ft 1 d 1 d m, m m 1 d 1 mi 1 mi km, km km 1 mi 1 cm 1 cm 0.97 in., in in. 1 cm 1 m 1 m d, d d 1 m 1 km 1 km mi, mi mi 1 km Converting Between Measurement Sstems 689

93 When ou use dimensional analsis to convert measurements, choose the conversion factor that allows ou to divide out the common units. Convert Units of Length Convert 9 centimeters to inches. Method 1 Use 1 in..54 cm. Method Use 1 cm 0.97 in. 1 in. 9 cm 9 cm 9 cm 9 cm 0. 97in.. 54 cm 1 cm 9 in. or.54 in in. or.54 in.. 54 So, 9 centimeters is about.54 inches. a. Convert 15 miles to kilometers. b. Convert feet to meters. Use the conversion factors shown below to convert units of capacit and mass or weight. Units of Capacit and Mass or Weight Relationship Conversion Factors Measurement Conversion 1 fl oz 1 fl oz ml, ml ml 1 fl oz 1 pt 1 pt L, L L 1 pt 1 qt 1 qt L 0.9, L 464 L 1 qt 1 gal 1 gal.7854 L, L L 1 gal 1 oz 1 oz 8.5 g, 8.5 g 8.5 g 1 oz 1 lb 1 lb kg, kg kg 1 lb Convert Units Using Two Steps Alternative Method You can also convert grams to kilograms and then kilograms to pounds. CKING Arecipe for penne all arrabbiata calls for 400 grams of penne pasta. How man pounds of pasta should ou use? You need conversion factors converting grams to ounces and ounces to pounds. Remember, 1 lb 16 oz. 1 oz 1 lb 400 g 400 g g 6 oz 4 00 lb or 0.88 lb You need a little more than 4 pound of pasta. 690 Converting Between Measurement Sstems

94 1. Tell what conversion factor ou should use to convert 4. kilograms to pounds.. Which ne Doesn t Belong? Identif the measurement that is not the same as the other three. Eplain our reasoning. L.144 qt 0.58 gal pt Complete each conversion. Round to the nearest hundredth if necessar.. 6 in.? cm cm? in qt? L ml? fl oz oz? g 8..5 kg? lb 9. CKING Arecipe for apple strudel calls for 50 grams of butter. About how man pounds of butter do ou need for the recipe? Complete each conversion. Round to the nearest hundredth if necessar. For Eercises in.? cm in.? cm cm? in cm? in mi? km mi? km 16. L? qt L? qt ml? fl oz ml? fl oz oz? g 1. 0 oz? g. 5 lb? kg.,000 lb? kg kg? lb kg? lb g? lb g? lb 8. lb? g 9. 5 lb? g fl oz? L fl oz? L. SPRTS Afund-raising race is 5 kilometers long. About how man miles long is the race?. FD Arecipe for fruit punch calls for 1 gallon of lemonlime soda. How man -liter bottles of soda should ou bu? RLLER CASTERS For Eercises 4 7, use the table on the fastest and tallest roller coasters on three continents. 4. Convert 10 mph to kph. 5. rder the roller coasters from greatest to least speeds. 6. Convert 40 feet to meters. 7. rder the roller coasters from tallest to shortest. 8. CRITICAL THINKING A hectare is a metric unit of area approimatel equal to 10,000 square meters or.47 acres. The base of the Great Pramid of Khufu is a 0-meter square. About how man acres does the base cover? See Eamples 1 Fastest Roller Coasters Continent Name Speed Asia Dodonpa 17 kph Europe Silver Star 17 kph North Top Thrill 10 mph America Dragster Tallest Roller Coasters Continent Name Height Asia Thunder 80 m Dolphin Europe Silver Star 7 m North Top Thrill 40 ft America Dragster Source: Measurement Conversion Measurement Conversion Converting Between Measurement Sstems 691

95 Glossar/Glosario Amathematics multilingual glossar is available at The glossar includes the following languages. Arabic English Korean Tagalog Bengali Haitian Creole Russian Urdu Cantonese Hmong Spanish Vietnamese English abscissa (p. 14) The first number of an ordered pair; the -coordinate. absolute value (p. 19) The distance a number is from zero on the number line. acute angle (p. 56) An angle with a measure greater than 0 and less than 90. A Cómo usar el glosario en español: 1. Busca el término en inglés que desees encontrar.. El término en español, junto con la definición, se encuentran en la columna de la derecha. Español abscisa El primer número de un par ordenado. La coordenada. valor absoluto Número de unidades en la recta numérica que un número dista de cero. ángulo agudo Ángulo que mide más de 0 menos de 90. acute triangle (p. 6) A triangle having three acute angles. triángulo acutángulo Triángulo que tiene tres ángulos agudos. Glossar/Glosario Addition Propert of Equalit (p. 46) If ou add the same number to each side of an equation, the two sides remain equal. additive inverse (p. 5) Two integers that are opposite of each other are called additive inverses. The sum of an number and its additive inverse is zero. adjacent angles (p. 56) Angles that have the same verte, share a common side, and do not overlap. adjacent side (p. 19) In an right triangle, the side that is not opposite an angle and not the hpotenuse. A 1 1 and are adjacent angles. propiedad de adición de la igualdad Si sumas el mismo número a ambos lados de una ecuación, los dos lados permanecen iguales. inverso aditivo Dos enteros que son opuestos mutuos reciben el nombre de inversos aditivos. La suma de cualquier número su inverso aditivo es cero. ángulos adacentes Ángulos que comparten el mismo vértice un común lado, pero no se sobreponen. 1 1 son adacentes. lado adacente En cualquier triángulo rectángulo, el lado que no está opuesto a un ángulo que no es la hipotenusa. A b c b c C a B C a B Side b is adjacent to A. El lado b es adacente al A. 69 Glossar

96 algebraic epression (p. 11) A combination of variables, numbers, and at least one operation. alternate eterior angles (p. 58) In the figure, transversal t intersects lines and m. 1 and 7, and and 8 are alternate eterior angles. If lines and m are parallel, then these pairs of angles are congruent. epresión algebraica Una combinación de variables, números por lo menos una operación. ángulos alternos eternos En la figura, la transversal t interseca las rectas m son ángulos alternos eternos. Si las rectas m son paralelas, entonces estos ángulos son pares de ángulos congruentes t 1 4 m t 1 4 m alternate interior angles (p. 58) In the figure above, transversal t intersects lines and m. and 5, and 4 and 6 are alternate interior angles. If lines and m are parallel, then these pairs of angles are congruent. altitude (p. 14) A line segment perpendicular to the base of a figure with endpoints on the base and the verte opposite the base. ángulos alternos internos En la figura anterior, la transversal t interseca las rectas m. 5, 4 6 son ángulos alternos internos. Si las rectas m son paralelas, entonces estos ángulos son pares de ángulos congruentes. altura Segmento de recta perpendicular a la base de una figura con etremos en la base el vértice opuesto a la base. angle of rotation (p. 87) The degree measure of the angle through which a figure is rotated. arithmetic sequence (p. 51) A sequence in which the difference between an two consecutive terms is the same. ángulo de rotación La medida en grados del ángulo a través del cual se rota una figura. sucesión aritmética Sucesión en la cual la diferencia entre dos términos consecutivos es constante. B bar notation (p. 6) In repeating decimals, the line or bar placed over the digits that repeat. Another wa to write.6666 is.6. base (p. 98) In a power, the number used as a factor. In 10, the base is 10. That is, base (p. 16) In a percent proportion, the number to which the percentage is compared. base (p. 14) The base of a parallelogram or a triangle is an side of the figure. The bases of a trapezoid are the parallel sides. notación de barras En decimales periódicos, la línea o barra que se coloca sobre los dígitos que se repiten. tra forma de escribir.6666 es.6. base Número que se usa como factor en un potencia. En 10, la base es 10. Es decir, base En una proporción porcentual, el número con que se compara el porcentaje. base La base de un paralelogramo o de un triángulo es cualquier lado de la figura. Las bases de un trapecio son sus lados paralelos. Glossar/Glosario base base base base Glossar 69

97 base (p. 1) The bases of a prism are the two parallel congruent faces. base base Las bases de un prisma son las dos caras congruentes paralelas. base base two numbers (p. 10) Numbers that use onl the digits 0 and 1. best-fit line (p. 540) A line that is ver close to most of the data points in a scatter plot. base números de base dos Números que usan sólo los dígitos 0 1. recta de óptimo ajuste Recta que mejor aproima a los puntos de los datos de una gráfica de dispersión. base 0 0 Glossar/Glosario biased sample (p. 407) A sample drawn in such a wa that one or more parts of the population are favored over others. binar numbers (p. 10) Numbers that use onl the digits 0 and 1. binomial (p. 59) A polnomial with two terms. boundar (p. 548) A line that separates the solutions from the points that are not solutions in the graph of a linear inequalit. bo-and-whisker plot (p. 446) A diagram that summarizes data using the median, the upper and lower quartiles, and the etreme values. A bo is drawn around the quartile values and whiskers etend from each quartile to the etreme data points muestra sesgada Muestra en que se favorece una o más partes de una población. números binarios Números que usan sólo los dígitos 0 1. binomio Polinomio con dos términos. frontera Recta que separa las soluciones de los puntos que no son soluciones en la gráfica de una desigualdad lineal. diagrama de caja patillas Diagrama que resume información usando la mediana, los cuartiles superior e inferior los valores etremos. Se dibuja una caja alrededor de los cuartiles se trazan patillas que los unan a los valores etremos respectivos center (p. 19) The given point from which all points on a circle are the same distance. C centro Un punto dado del cual equidistan todos los puntos de un círculo. center centro 694 Glossar

98 center of rotation (p. 00) The fied point a rotation of a figure turns or spins around. centro de rotación El punto fijo alrededor del cual se lleva a cabo la rotación de un figura. Z' X Z' X X' Y' Y Z X' Y' Y Z center of R rotation centro de R rotación central angle (p. ) An angle that intersects a circle in two points and has its verte at the center of the circle. ángulo central Ángulo que interseca un círculo en dos puntos que tiene su vértice en el centro del círculo. K J central angle JKL K J ángulo central JKL L chord (p. ) A line segment joining two points on a circle. chord L cuerda Segmento de recta que une dos puntos en un círculo. cuerda circle (p. 19) The set of all points in a plane that are the same distance from a given point called the center. círculo Conjunto de todos los puntos en un plano que equidistan de un punto dado llamado centro. center circle centro círculo circle graph (p. 46) A tpe of statistical graph used to compare parts of a whole. The entire circle represents the whole. Atlantic.9% Indian 0.4% Southern 6.1% Area of ceans Pacific 46.4% Arctic 4.% gráfica circular Tipo de gráfica estadística que se usa para comparar las partes de un todo. El círculo completo representa el todo. Atlántico.9% Índico 0.4% Del Sur 6.1% Área de los océanos Pacífico 46.4% Ártico 4.% Glossar/Glosario circumference (p. 19) The distance around a circle. circumference circunferencia La distancia alrededor de un círculo. circunferencia Glossar 695

99 Closure Propert (p. 8) A set of numbers is closed under an operation when that operation is performed on an two numbers from that set and the result is alwas a number in that set of numbers. coefficient (p. 470) The numerical factor of a term that contains a variable. column (p. 454) In a matri, numbers stacked on top of each other in a vertical arrangement form a column. combination (p. 88) An arrangement or listing in which order is not important. commission (p. 4) A fee paid to a salesperson based on a percent of sales. common difference (p. 51) The difference between an two consecutive terms in an arithmetic sequence. common ratio (p. 51) The quotient between an two consecutive terms in a geometric sequence. compatible numbers (p. 8) Two numbers that are eas to add, subtract, multipl, or divide mentall. complementar angles (p. 56) Two angles are complementar if the sum of their measures is 90. propiedad de clausura Un conjunto de números está cerrado bajo una operación cuando esa operación se realiza en cualquier par de números de ese conjunto el resultado es siempre un número en el conjunto de números. coeficiente Factor numérico de un término que contiene una variable. columna En una matriz, los números colocados uno encima de otro en un arreglo vertical forman una columna. combinación Arreglo o lista de objetos en que el orden no es importante. comisión Cantidad que se le paga a un vendedor la cual se basa en un porcentaje de las ventas. diferencia común La diferencia entre cualquier par de términos consecutivos en una sucesión aritmética. razón común El cociente entre cualquier par de términos consecutivos en una sucesión geométrica. números compatibles Dos números que son fáciles de sumar, restar, multiplicar o dividir mentalmente. ángulos complementarios Dos ángulos son complementarios si la suma de sus medidas es and are complementar angles. complementar events (p. 75) The events of one outcome happening and that outcome not happening are complementar events. The sum of the probabilities of complementar events is 1. comple figure (p. 6) A figure that is made up of two or more shapes. 1 son complementarios. eventos complementarios Se dice de los eventos de un resultado que ocurren el resultado que no ocurre. La suma de las probabilidades de eventos complementarios es 1. figura compleja Figura compuesta de dos o más formas. Glossar/Glosario comple solid (p. 7) An object made up of more than one tpe of solid. sólido complejo Cuerpo compuesto de más de un tipo de sólido. compound event (p. 96) An event that consists of two or more simple events. compound interest (p. 45) Interest that is paid on the initial principal and on interest earned in the past. 696 Glossar evento compuesto Evento que consta de dos o más eventos simples. interés compuesto Interés que se paga por el capital inicial en el interés ganado en el pasado.

100 cone (p. 4) A three-dimensional figure with one circular base. A curved surface connects the base and the verte. cono Figura tridimensional con una base circular. Una superficie curva conecta la base con el vértice. congruent (p. 179) Having the same measure. congruent polgons (p. 79) Polgons that have the same size and shape. congruente Que tienen la misma medida. polígonos congruentes Polígonos que tienen la misma medida la misma forma. B G B G A C F H A C F H conjecture (p. 7) An educated guess. constant (p. 470) A term without a variable. convenience sample (p. 407) A sample which includes members of the population that are easil accessed. converse (p. 14) The converse of a theorem is formed when the parts of the theorem are reversed. The converse of the Pthagorean Theorem can be used to test whether a triangle is a right triangle. If the sides of the triangle have lengths a, b, and c, such that c a b, then the triangle is a right triangle. coordinate (p. 18) A number associated with a point on the number line. coordinate plane (p. 14) A plane in which a horizontal number line and a vertical number line intersect at their zero points. conjetura Suposición informada. constante Término sin variables. muestra de conveniencia Muestra que inclue miembros de una población fácilmente accesibles. recíproco El recíproco de un teorema se forma cuando se invierten las partes del teorema. El recíproco del teorema de Pitágoras puede usarse para averiguar si un triángulo es un triángulo rectángulo. Si las longitudes de los lados de un triángulo son a, b, c, tales que c a b, entonces el triángulo es un triángulo rectángulo. coordenada Número asociado con un punto en la recta numérica. plano de coordenadas Plano en que una recta numérica horizontal una recta numérica vertical se intersecan en sus puntos cero. -ais -ais origin corresponding angles (p. 58) Angles that have the same position on two different parallel lines cut b a transversal. t m eje eje origen ángulos correspondientes Ángulos que ocupan la misma posición en dos rectas paralelas distintas cortadas por una transversal. t m Glossar/Glosario 1 and 5, and 6, and 7, 4 and 8 are corresponding angles. 1 5, 6, 7, 4 8 son ángulos correspondientes. Glossar 697

101 corresponding parts (p. 178) Parts of congruent or similar figures that match. partes correspondientes Partes de figuras congruentes o semejantes que coinciden. A X A X C B Z Y C B Z Y AB and XY are corresponding sides. C and Z are corresponding angles. cosine (p. 681) If A is an acute angle of a right triangle, cos A measure of the leg adjacent to A. measure of the hpotenuse AB XY son lados correspondientes. C Z son ángulos correspondientes. cosino Si A es un ángulo agudo de un triángulo rectángulo, cos A medida del cateto adacente a A. medida de la hipotenusa B a c B a c C b A C b A cos A b c cos A b c countereample (p. 1) A statement or eample that shows a conjecture is false. cross products (p. 170) The products of the terms on the diagonals when two ratios are compared. If the cross products are equal, then the ratios form a proportion. In the proportion 8, the cross 1 products are 1 and 8. cubic function (p. 568) A function in which the greatest power is. contraejemplo Ejemplo o enunciado que demuestra que una conjetura es falsa. productos cruzados Productos que resultan de la comparación de los términos de las diagonales de dos razones. Si los productos son iguales, las razones forman una proporción. En la proporción 8, los productos cruzados son función cúbica Función cua potencia maor es. 8 (, 8) 8 (, 8) Glossar/Glosario 4 (0, 0) (1, 1) (1, 1) 4 (, 8) clinder (p. 6) A solid whose bases are congruent, parallel circles, connected with a curved side. 8 4 (0, 0) (1, 1) (1, 1) 4 (, 8) cilindro Sólido cuas bases son círculos congruentes paralelos, conectados por un lado curvo. 8 D defining a variable (p. 9) Choosing a variable and a quantit for the variable to represent in an epression or equation. definir una variable El elegir una variable una cantidad que esté representada por la variable en una epresión o en una ecuación. 698 Glossar

102 dependent events (p. 97) Two or more events in which the outcome of one event does affect the outcome of the other event or events. dependent variable (p. 518) The variable for the output of a function. diagonal (p. 4) A segment that joins two vertices of a prism that have no faces in common. eventos dependientes Dos o más eventos en que el resultado de uno de ellos afecta el resultado de los otros eventos. variable dependiente La variable para el valor de salida de una función. diagonal Segmento que une dos vértices de un prisma, los cuales no tienen caras en común. B diagonal BH C B diagonal BH C A F D G A F D G E H E H diameter (p. 19) The distance across a circle through its center. diámetro La distancia a través de un círculo pasando por el centro. diameter diámetro dilation (p. 194) A transformation that results from the reduction or enlargement of an image. dilatación Transformación que resulta de la reducción o ampliación de una imagen. B' B' A' A B A' A B C C' dimensional analsis (p. 7) The process of including units of measurement when ou compute. dimensions (p. 454) A description of a matri b the number of rows and columns it has. The number of rows is alwas stated first. For eample, a matri with rows and 5 columns has dimensions b 5. discount (p. 8) The amount b which a regular price is reduced. Division Propert of Equalit (p. 50) If ou divide each side of an equation b the same nonzero number, the two sides remain equal. domain (p. 518) The set of input values in a function. C C' análisis dimensional Proceso que incorpora las unidades de medida al hacer cálculos. dimensiones Descripción de una matriz según el número de filas columnas que tiene. El número de filas siempre se escribe primero. Por ejemplo, las dimensiones de una matriz con filas 5 columnas es por 5. descuento La cantidad de reducción del precio normal. propiedad de división de la igualdad Si cada lado de una ecuación se divide entre el mismo número no nulo, los dos lados permanecen iguales. dominio Conjunto de valores de entrada de una función. Glossar/Glosario Glossar 699

103 E edge (p. 1) The intersection of two faces of a three-dimensional figure. arista La intersección de dos caras de una figura tridimensional. edge arista element (p. 454) Each number in a matri is called an element. equation (p. 1) A mathematical sentence that contains an equals sign,. equiangular (p. 78) A polgon in which all angles are congruent. elemento Cada número en una matriz se llama un elemento. ecuación Un enunciado matemático que contiene un signo de igualdad (). equiangular Polígono en el cual todos los ángulos son congruentes. equilateral (p. 78) A polgon in which all sides are congruent. equilátero Polígono en el cual todos los lados son congruentes. equilateral triangle (p. 6) A triangle that has three congruent sides. triángulo equilátero Triángulo con tres lados congruentes. Glossar/Glosario equivalent epressions (p. 469) Epressions that have the same value regardless of the value(s) of the variable(s). evaluate (p. 11) To find the value of an epression b replacing the variables with numerals. eperimental probabilit (p. 400) An estimated probabilit based on the relative frequenc of positive outcomes occurring during an eperiment. eponent (p. 98) In a power, the number of times the base is used as a factor. In 10, the eponent is. epresiones equivalentes Epresiones que poseen el mismo valor, sin importar los valores de la(s) variable(s). evaluar Calcular el valor de una epresión sustituendo las variables por números. probabilidad eperimental Probabilidad de un evento que se estima basándose en la frecuencia relativa de los resultados favorables al evento en cuestión, que ocurren durante un eperimento. eponente En una potencia, el número de veces que la base se usa como factor. En 10, el eponente es. 700 Glossar

104 F face (p. 1) An surface that forms a side or a base of a prism. cara Cualquier superficie que forma un lado o una base de un prisma. face cara factorial (p. 85) The epression n! is the product of all counting numbers beginning with n and counting backward to 1. frustum (p. 55) The part of a solid that remains after a top portion of the solid has been cut off b a plane parallel to the base. factorial La epresión n! es el producto de todos los números naturales, comenzando con n contando al revés hasta 1. cono truncado La parte de un sólido que queda después de que un plano paralelo a la base le corta la parte superior al sólido. function (p. 517) A relation in which each element of the input is paired with eactl one element of the output according to a specified rule. function table (p. 518) A table organizing the input, rule, and output of a function. Fundamental Counting Principle (p. 81) Uses multiplication of the number of was each event in an eperiment can occur to find the number of possible outcomes in a sample space. función Relación en que cada elemento de entrada se relaciona con un único elemento de salida, según una regla específica. tabla de funciones Tabla que organiza las entradas, la regla las salidas de una función. principio fundamental de contar Método que usa la multiplicación del número de maneras en que cada evento puede ocurrir en un eperimento, para calcular el número de resultados posibles en un espacio muestral. G geometric sequence (p. 51) A sequence in which the quotient between an two consecutive terms is the same. greatest possible error (p. 6) ne-half the precision unit of a measurement. H sucesión geométrica Sucesión en la cual el cociente entre cualquier par de términos consecutivos es la misma. máimo error posible Una mitad de la precisión de la unidad de medida. Glossar/Glosario half plane (p. 548) The region that contains the solutions in the graph of a linear inequalit. half plane semiplano Región que contiene las soluciones en la gráfica de una desigualdad lineal. semiplano Glossar 701

105 histogram (p. 40) A special kind of bar graph that displas the frequenc of data that has been organized into equal intervals. The intervals cover all possible values of data, therefore, there are no spaces between the bars of the graph. histograma Tipo especial de gráfica de barras que ehibe la frecuencia de los datos que han sido organizados en intervalos iguales. Los intervalos cubren todos los valores posibles de datos, sin dejar espacios entre las barras de la gráfica. Points Scored Per Basketball Game Number of Games Points Puntos anotados por partido de básquetbol Número de partidos Puntos hpotenuse (p. 1) The side opposite the right angle in a right triangle. hpotenuse hipotenusa El lado opuesto al ángulo recto de un triángulo rectángulo. hipotenusa I Glossar/Glosario independent events (p. 96) Two or more events in which the outcome of one event does not affect the outcome of the other event(s). independent variable (p. 518) The variable for the input of a function. indirect measurement (p. 188) A technique using proportions to find a measurement. inequalit (p. 18) A mathematical sentence that contains,,,, or. integers (p. 17) The set of whole numbers and their opposites.,,, 1, 0, 1,,, interest (p. 41) The amount of mone paid or earned for the use of mone. interquartile range (p. 44) The range of the middle half of the data. The difference between the upper quartile and the lower quartile. inverse operations (p. 46) Pairs of operations that undo each other. Addition and subtraction are inverse operations. Multiplication and division are inverse operations. irrational number (p. 15) A number that cannot be a epressed as, where a and b are integers and b b 0. isosceles triangle (p. 6) A triangle that has at least two congruent sides. eventos independientes Dos o más eventos en los cuales el resultado de uno de ellos no afecta el resultado de los otros eventos. variable independiente La variable correspondiente al valor de entrada de un función. medición indirecta Técnica que usa proporciones para calcular una medida. desigualdad Enunciado matemático que contiene,,, o. enteros El conjunto de los números enteros sus opuestos.,,, 1, 0, 1,,, interés Cantidad que se cobra o se paga por el uso del dinero. amplitud intercuartílica El rango de la mitad central de un conjunto de datos. La diferencia entre el cuartil superior el cuartil inferior. operaciones inversas Pares de operaciones que se anulan mutuamente. La adición la sustracción son operaciones inversas. La multiplicación la división son operaciones inversas. números irracionales Un número que no se puede a epresar como, donde a b son enteros b b 0. triángulo isósceles Triángulo que tiene por lo menos dos lados congruentes. 70 Glossar

106 L lateral area (p. 5) The sum of the areas of the lateral faces of a pramid. 10 in. área lateral La suma de las áreas de las caras laterales de una pirámide. 10 pulg 1 in. 1 pulg lateral area 4( ) 40 square inches área lateral 4( ) 40 pulgadas cuadradas lateral face (p. 5) A triangular side of a pramid. cara lateral Un lado triangular de una pirámide. lateral face cara lateral legs (p. 1) The two sides of a right triangle that form the right angle. catetos Los dos lados de un triángulo rectángulo que forman el ángulo recto. legs like fractions (p. 8) Fractions that have the same denominator. like terms (p. 470) Terms that contain the same variable(s). linear function (p. 5) A function in which the graph of the solutions forms a line. line of reflection (p. 90) The line a figure is flipped over in a reflection. catetos fracciones semejantes Fracciones que tienen el mismo denominador. términos semejantes Términos que contienen la(s) misma(s) variable(s). función lineal Función en la cual la gráfica de las soluciones forma un recta. línea de refleión Línea a través de la cual se le da vuelta a una figura en una refleión. line of reflection line of smmetr (p. 86) A line that divides a figure into two halves that are reflections of each other. línea de refleión eje de simetría Recta que divide una figura en dos mitades que son refleiones una de la otra. Glossar/Glosario line of smmetr eje de simetría line smmetr (p. 86) Figures that match eactl when folded in half have line smmetr. lower quartile (p. 44) The median of the lower half of a set of data, represented b LQ. simetría lineal Ehiben simetría lineal las figuras que coinciden eactamente al doblarse una sobre otra. cuartil inferior La mediana de la mitad inferior de un conjunto de datos, la cual se denota por CI. Glossar 70

107 M markup (p. 8) The amount the price of an item is increased above the price the store paid for the item. matri (p. 454) A rectangular arrangement of numerical data in rows and columns mean (p. 45) The sum of the numbers in a set of data divided b the number of items in the data set. measures of central tendenc (p. 45) Numbers or pieces of data that can represent the whole set of data. measures of variation (p. 44) Numbers used to describe the distribution or spread of a set of data. median (p. 45) The middle number in a set of data when the data are arranged in numerical order. If the data has an even number, the median is the mean of the two middle numbers. mode (p. 45) The number(s) or item(s) that appear most often in a set of data. monomial (p. 570) A number, a variable, or a product of a number and one or more variables. Multiplication Propert of Equalit (p. 51) If ou multipl each side of an equation b the same number, the two sides remain equal. multiplicative inverse (p. 76) A number times its multiplicative inverse is equal to 1. The multiplicative inverse of is. mutuall eclusive (p. 99) Two events that cannot happen at the same time. margen de utilidad Cantidad de aumento en el precio de un artículo por encima del precio que paga la tienda por dicho artículo. matriz Arreglo rectangular de datos numéricos en filas columnas media La suma de los números de un conjunto de datos dividida entre el número total de artículos. medidas de tendencia central Números o fragmentos de datos que pueden representar el conjunto total de datos. medidas de variación Números que se usan para describir la distribución o separación de un conjunto de datos. mediana El número central de un conjunto de datos, una vez que los datos han sido ordenados numéricamente. Si ha un número par de datos, la mediana es el promedio de los dos datos centrales. moda El número(s) o artículo(s) que aparece con más frecuencia en un conjunto de datos. monomio Un número, una variable o el producto de un número por una o más variables. propiedad de multiplicación de la igualdad Si cada lado de una ecuación se multiplica por el mismo número, los lados permanecen iguales. inverso multiplicativo Un número multiplicado por su inverso multiplicativo es igual a 1. El inverso multiplicativo de es. mutuamente eclusivo Dos eventos que no pueden ocurrir al mismo tiempo. Glossar/Glosario negative number (p. 17) A number that is less than zero. net (p. 46) A two-dimensional pattern of a threedimensional figure. N número negativo Número menor que cero. red Patrón bidimensional de una figura tridimensional. 704 Glossar

108 nonlinear function (p. 560) A function that does not have a constant rate of change. The graph of a nonlinear function is not a straight line. función no lineal Función que no tiene una tasa constante de cambio. La gráfica de una función no lineal no es una recta. numerical epression (p. 11) A mathematical epression that has a combination of numbers and at least one operation. 4 is a numerical epression. epresión numérica Epresión matemática que tiene una combinación de números por lo menos una operación. 4 es una epresión numérica. obtuse angle (p. 56) An angle that measures greater than 90 but less than 180. ángulo obtuso Ángulo que mide más de 90 pero menos de 180. obtuse triangle (p. 6) A triangle having one obtuse angle. triángulo obtuso Triángulo que tiene un ángulo obtuso. odds (p. 77) A ratio that compares the number of favorable outcomes to the number of unfavorable outcomes. open sentence (p. 1) An equation that contains a variable. opposite side (p. 19) In an right triangle, the side opposite an angle is the side that is not part of the angle. A posibilidad Razón que compara el número de resultados favorables con el número de resultados no favorables. enunciado abierto Ecuación que contiene una variable. lado opuesto En un triángulo rectángulo, el lado opuesto a un ángulo es el lado que no forma parte del ángulo. A Glossar/Glosario b c b c C a B C a B Side a is opposite A. opposites (p. 5) Two numbers with the same absolute value but different signs. The sum of opposites is zero. El lado a está opuesto al A. opuestos Dos números con el mismo valor absoluto, pero distintos signos. La suma de opuestos es cero. Glossar 705

109 order of operations (p. 11) The rules to follow when more than one operation is used in an epression. 1. Do all operations within grouping smbols first; start with the innermost grouping smbols.. Evaluate all powers before other operations.. Multipl and divide in order from left to right. 4. Add and subtract in order from left to right. ordered pair (p. 14) A pair of numbers used to locate a point in the coordinate plane. The ordered pair is written in this form: (-coordinate, -coordinate). orden de las operaciones Reglas a seguir cuando se usa más de una operación en una epresión. 1. Primero ejecuta todas las operaciones dentro de los símbolos de agrupamiento.. Evalúa todas las potencias antes que las otras operaciones.. Multiplica divide en orden de izquierda a derecha. 4. Suma resta en orden de izquierda a derecha. par ordenado Par de números que se utiliza para ubicar un punto en un plano de coordenadas. Se escribe de la siguiente forma: (coordenada, coordenada ). (1, ) (1, ) ordinate (p. 14) The second number of an ordered pair; the -coordinate. origin (p. 14) The point of intersection of the -ais and -ais in a coordinate plane. ordenada El segundo número de un par ordenado; la coordenada. origen Punto en que el eje el eje se intersecan en un plano de coordenadas origin origen Glossar/Glosario outcome (p. 74) ne possible result of a probabilit event. For eample, 4 is an outcome when a number cube is rolled. outlier (p. 44) Data that are more than 1.5 times the interquartile range from the upper or lower quartiles. resultado Uno de los resultados posibles de un evento probabilístico. Por ejemplo, 4 es un resultado posible cuando se lanza un dado. valor atípico Datos que distan de los cuartiles respectivos más de 1.5 veces la amplitud intercuartílica. P parallel lines (p. 57) Lines in the same plane that never intersect or cross. The smbol means parallel. rectas paralelas Rectas que acen en un mismo plano que no se intersecan. El símbolo significa paralela a. 706 Glossar

110 parallelogram (p. 7) A quadrilateral with both pairs of opposite sides parallel and congruent. paralelogramo Cuadrilátero con ambos pares de lados opuestos paralelos congruentes. part (p. 16) The number that is being compared to the whole quantit in a percent proportion. percent (p. 06) A ratio that compares a number to 100. percent equation (p. ) An equivalent form of the percent proportion in which the percent is written as a decimal. Part Percent Base percent of change (p. 6) A ratio that compares the change in a quantit to the original amount. percent of decrease (p. 7) The percent of change when the new amount is less than the original. percent of increase (p. 7) The percent of change when the new amount is greater than the original. percent proportion (p. 16) Compares part of a quantit to the whole quantit using a percent. pa b a rt se pe rcent 1 00 perfect square (p. 116) A rational number whose square root is a whole number. 5 is a perfect square because its square root is 5. permutation (p. 84) An arrangement or listing in which order is important. perpendicular bisector (p. 71) A line that passes through the midpoint of a segment and is perpendicular to the segment. parte El número que se compara con la cantidad total en una proporción porcentual. por ciento Razón que compara un número con 100. ecuación porcentual Forma equivalente de proporción porcentual en la cual el por ciento se escribe como un decimal. Parte Por ciento Base porcentaje de cambio Razón que compara el cambio en una cantidad, con la cantidad original. porcentaje de disminución El porcentaje de cambio cuando la nueva cantidad es menos que la cantidad original. porcentaje de aumento El porcentaje de cambio cuando aumenta la nueva cantidad es maor que la cantidad original. proporción porcentual Compara parte de una cantidad con la cantidad total mediante un por ciento. p ar ba te se por ciento cuadrados perfectos Número racional cua raíz cuadrada es un número entero. 5 es un cuadrado perfecto porque su raíz cuadrada es 5. permutación Arreglo o lista donde el orden es importante. mediatriz Recta que pasa a través del punto medio de un segmento que es perpendicular al segmento. Glossar/Glosario perpendicular lines (p. 57) Two lines that intersect to form right angles. rectas perpendiculares Dos rectas que se intersecan formando ángulos rectos. A A C B D C B D perspective (p. 0) A point of view. perspectiva Un punto de vista. Glossar 707

111 pi (p. 19) The ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. The Greek letter represents this number. The value of pi is alwas circumference pi Razón de la circunferencia de un círculo al diámetro del mismo. La letra griega representa este número. El valor de pi es siempre circunferencia diameter diámetro c d plane (p. 1) A two-dimensional flat surface that etends in all directions. polgon (p. 178) A simple closed figure in a plane formed b three or more line segments. c d plano Superficie plana bidimensional que se etiende en todas direcciones. polígono Figura simple cerrada en el plano formada por tres o más segmentos de recta. polhedron (p. 1) A solid with flat surfaces that are polgons. poliedro Sólido cuas superficies planas son polígonos. Glossar/Glosario polnomial (p. 570) The sum or difference of one or more monomials. population (p. 406) The entire group of items or individuals from which the samples under consideration are taken. powers (p. 1 and p. 98) Numbers written using eponents. Powers represent repeated multiplication. The power 7 is read seven to the third power, or seven cubed. precision (p. 58) The precision of a measurement depends on the unit of measure. The smaller the unit, the more precise the measurement is. principal (p. 41) The amount of mone invested or borrowed. principal square root (p. 117) A positive square root. prism (p. 1) A polhedron with two parallel, congruent faces called bases. polinomio La suma o la diferencia de uno o más monomios. población El grupo total de individuos o de artículos del cual se toman las muestras bajo estudio. potencias Números que se epresan usando eponentes. Las potencias representan multiplicación repetida. La potencia 7 se lee siete a la tercera potencia, o siete al cubo. precisión El grado de eactitud de una medida, lo cual depende de la unidad de medida. Entre más pequeña es una unidad, más precisa es la medida. capital Cantidad de dinero que se invierte o que se toma prestada. raíz cuadrada principal Una raíz cuadrada positiva. prisma Poliedro con dos caras congruentes paralelas llamadas bases. probabilit (p. 74) The chance that some event will happen. It is the ratio of the number of was a certain event can occur to the number of possible outcomes. 708 Glossar probabilidad La posibilidad de que suceda un evento. Es la razón del número de maneras en que puede ocurrir un evento al número total de resultados posibles.

112 propert (p. 1) An open sentence that is true for an numbers. proportion (p. 170) A statement of equalit of two ratios. pramid (p. 1) A polhedron with one base that is a polgon and faces that are triangles. propiedad Enunciado abierto que se cumple para cualquier número. proporción Un enunciado que establece la igualdad de dos razones. pirámide Poliedro cua base tiene forma de polígono caras en forma de triángulos. Pthagorean Theorem (p. 1) In a right triangle, the square of the length of the hpotenuse c is equal to the sum of the squares of the lengths of the legs a and b. c a b Teorema de Pitágoras En un triángulo rectángulo, el cuadrado de la longitud de la hipotenusa es igual a la suma de los cuadrados de las longitudes de los catetos. c a b c a c a b b Pthagorean triple (p. 18) A set of three integers that satisf the Pthagorean Theorem. triplete pitagórico Conjunto de tres enteros que satisfacen el Teorema de Pitágoras. Q quadrants (p. 14) The four regions into which the two perpendicular number lines of the coordinate plane separate the plane. -ais cuadrantes Las cuatro regiones en que las dos rectas numéricas perpendiculares dividen el plano de coordenadas. eje Quadrant II Quadrant I Cuadrante II Cuadrante I -ais eje Quadrant III Quadrant IV Cuadrante III Cuadrante IV quadratic function (p. 565) A function in which the greatest power of the variable is. quadrilateral (p. 7) A polgon that has four sides and four angles. función cuadrática Función en la cual la potencia maor de la variable es. cuadrilátero Un polígono con cuatro lados cuatro ángulos. Glossar/Glosario quartiles (p. 44) Values that divide a set of data into four equal parts. cuartiles Valores que dividen un conjunto de datos en cuatro partes iguales. R radical sign (p. 116) The smbol used to indicate a nonnegative square root, 1. signo radical Símbolo que se usa para indicar una raíz cuadrada no negativa, 1. Glossar 709

113 radius (p. 19) The distance from the center of a circle to an point on the circle. radio Distancia desde el centro de un círculo hasta cualquier punto del mismo. radius radio random (p. 74) utcomes occur at random if each outcome is equall likel to occur. range (p. 44) The difference between the greatest number and the least number in a set of data. range (p. 518) The set of output values in a function. rate (p. 157) A ratio of two measurements having different units. rate of change (p. 160) A rate that describes how one quantit changes in relation to another. ratio (p. 156) A comparison of two numbers b division. The ratio of to can be stated as out of, to, :, or. a rational number (p. 6) Numbers of the form, b where a and b are integers and b 0. real numbers (p. 15) The set of rational numbers together with the set of irrational numbers. reciprocals (p. 76) The multiplicative inverse of a number. The product of reciprocals is 1. rectangle (p. 7) A parallelogram with four right angles. aleatorio Un resultado ocurre al azar si la posibilidad de ocurrir de cada resultado es equiprobable. rango La diferencia entre el número maor el número menor en un conjunto de datos. rango El conjunto de valores de salida en una función. tasa Razón que compara dos cantidades que tienen distintas unidades de medida. tasa de cambio Tasa que describe cómo cambia una cantidad con respecto a otras. razón Comparación de dos números mediante división. La razón de a puede escribirse como de cada, a, :, o. a número racional Números de la forma, b donde a b son enteros b 0. número real El conjunto de números racionales junto con el conjunto de números irracionales. recíproco El inverso multiplicativo de un número. El producto de recíprocos es 1. rectángulo Un paralelogramo que tiene cuatro ángulos rectos. Glossar/Glosario reflection (p. 90) A tpe of transformation in which a mirror image is produced b flipping a figure over a line. D D' A C C' B refleión Tipo de transformación en que se produce una imagen especular al darle vuelta de campana a una figura por encima de una línea. D D' A C C' B A' B' A' B' regular polgon (p. 78) A polgon that is equilateral and equiangular. polígono regular Polígono equilátero equiangular. 710 Glossar l

114 repeating decimal (p. 6) A decimal whose digits repeat in groups of one or more. Eamples are and 0.8. rhombus (p. 7) A parallelogram with four congruent sides. decimal periódico Decimal cuos dígitos se repiten en grupos de uno o más. Por ejemplo: rombo Paralelogramo que tiene cuatro lados congruentes. right angle (p. 56 and p. 6) An angle that measures 90. ángulo recto Ángulo que mide 90. right triangle (p. 1 and p. 6) A triangle having one right angle. triángulo rectángulo Triángulo que tiene un ángulo recto. rise (p. 166) The vertical change between an two points on a line. rotation (p. 00) A transformation involving the turning or spinning of a figure around a fied point. elevación El cambio vertical entre cualquier par de puntos en una recta. rotación Transformación que involucra girar una figura en torno a un punto central fijo. B' C' B B' C' B A' A C A' A C 90 rotation about the origin rotational smmetr (p. 87) A figure has rotational smmetr if it can be turned less than 60 about its center and still look like the original. rotación de 90 alrededor del origen simetría rotacional Una figura posee simetría rotacional si se puede girar menos de 60 en torno a su centro sin que esto cambie su apariencia con respecto a la figura original. Glossar/Glosario row (p. 454) In a matri, the numbers side b side horizontall form a row. run (p. 166) The horizontal change between an two points on a line. fila En una matriz, los números que están horizontalmente uno al lado del otro. carrera El cambio horizontal entre cualquier par de puntos en una recta. Glossar 711

115 S sample (p. 406) A randoml selected group chosen for the purpose of collecting data. sample space (p. 74) The set of all possible outcomes of a probabilit eperiment. scale (p. 184) The ratio of a given length on a drawing or model to its corresponding actual length. scale drawing (p. 184) A drawing that is similar, but either larger or smaller than the actual object. scale factor (p. 179) The ratio of the lengths of two corresponding sides of two similar polgons. muestra Grupo escogido al azar o aleatoriamente que se usa con el propósito de recoger datos. espacio muestral Conjunto de todos los resultados posibles de un eperimento probabilístico. escala Razón de una longitud dada en un dibujo o modelo a su longitud real correspondiente. dibujo a escala Dibujo que es semejante, pero más grande o más pequeño que el objeto real. factor de escala La razón de las longitudes de dos lados correspondientes de dos polígonos semejantes scale factor scale model (p. 184) A replica of an original object that is too large or too small to be built at actual size. scalene triangle (p. 6) A triangle with no congruent sides. factor de escala modelo a escala Una replica del objeto original, el cual es demasiado grande o demasiado pequeño como para construirlo de tamaño natural. triángulo escaleno Triángulo que no tiene lados congruentes. scatter plot (p. 59) A graph that shows the general relationship between two sets of data. diagrama de dispersión Gráfica que muestra la relación general entre dos conjuntos de datos. Glossar/Glosario Test Score (%) Studing for Tests Stud Time (min) scientific notation (p. 104) A wa of epressing numbers as the product of a number that is at least 1 but less than 10 and a power of 10. In scientific notation, 5,500 is selling price (p. 8) The amount the customer pas for an item. sequence (p. 51) An ordered list of numbers, such as 0, 1,,, or, 4, 6, 8. significant digits (p. 58) All of the digits of a measurement that are known to be accurate plus one estimated digit. Calificación (%) Tiempo de estudio para pruebas Tiempo de estudio (min) notación científica Manera de epresar números como el producto de un número que es al menos igual a 1, pero menor que 10, por una potencia de 10. En notación científica, 5,500 es precio de venta Cantidad de dinero que paga un consumidor por un artículo. sucesión Lista ordenada de números, tales como 0, 1,, ó, 4, 6, 8. dígitos significativos Todos los dígitos de una medición que se sabe son eactos, más un dígito aproimado. 71 Glossar

116 similar (p. 178) Polgons that have the same shape are called similar polgons. semejante Los polígonos que tienen la misma forma se llaman polígonos semejantes. similar solids (p. 56) Solids that have the same shape and their corresponding linear measures are proportional. sólidos semejantes Sólidos que tienen la misma forma cuas medidas lineales correspondientes son proporcionales. 15 in. 15 pulg 10 in. 16 in. 4 in. 10 pulg 16 pulg 4 pulg simple event (p. 74) A specific outcome or tpe of outcome. simple random sample (p. 406) A sample where each item or person in the population is as likel to be chosen as an other. simplest form (p. 471) An algebraic epression that has no like terms and no parentheses. simplifing the epression (p. 471) Using properties to combine like terms. simulation (p. 404) An eperiment that is designed to act out a given situation. sine (p. 681) If A is an acute angle of a right triangle, sin A measure of the leg opposite A. measure of the hpotenuse evento simple Un resultado específico o un tipo de resultado. muestra aleatoria simple Muestra de una población que tiene la misma probabilidad de escogerse que cualquier otra. forma reducida Epresión algebraica que carece de términos semejantes de paréntesis. simplificar una epresión El uso de propiedades para combinar términos semejantes. simulacro Eperimento diseñado para representar una situación dada. seno Si A es un ángulo agudo de un triángulo rectángulo, sen A medida del cateto opuesto a A. medida de la hipotenusa B a c B a c C b A C b A sin A a c sen A a c skew lines (p. 4) Lines that do not intersect, but are also not parallel. H F A D B G C E rectas alabeadas Rectas que no se intersecan, pero que tampoco son paralelas. H F A D B G C E Glossar/Glosario HF and BG are skew lines. slant height (p. 5) The altitude or height of each lateral face of a pramid. HF BG son rectas alabeadas. altura oblicua La longitud de la altura de cada cara lateral de una pirámide. slant height altura oblicua Glossar 71

117 slope (p. 166) The rate of change between an two points on a line. The ratio of vertical change to horizontal change. pendiente Razón de cambio entre cualquier par de puntos en una recta. La razón del cambio vertical al cambio horizontal. 4 4 slope 4 pendiente 4 slope formula (p. 56) The slope m of a line passing through two points is the ratio of the difference in the -coordinates to the corresponding difference in the -coordinates. m 1 1 slope-intercept form (p. 5) An equation written in the form m b, where m is the slope and b is the -intercept. solid (p. 1) A three-dimensional figure formed b intersecting planes. fórmula de la pendiente La pendiente m de una recta que pasa por dos puntos es la razón de la diferencia en la coordenada a la diferencia correspondiente en la coordenada. m 1 1 forma pendiente intersección Ecuación de la forma m b, donde m es la pendiente b es la intersección. sólido Figura tridimensional formada por planos que se intersecan. solution (p. 45) The value for the variable that makes an equation true. The solution of 10 5 is 15. solve (p. 45) Find the value of the variable that makes the equation true. sphere (p. 45) The set of all points in space that are a given distance from a given point, called the center. solución El valor de la variable de una ecuación que hace que se cumpla la ecuación. La solución de 10 5 es 15. resolver Proceso de encontrar la variable que satisface una ecuación. esfera El conjunto de todos los puntos en el espacio que están a una distancia dada de un punto dado, llamado centro. Glossar/Glosario center square (p. 7) A parallelogram with four congruent sides and four right angles. centro cuadrado Paralelogramo con cuatro lados congruentes cuatro ángulos rectos. square root (p. 116) ne of the two equal factors of a number. If a b, then a is the square root of b. A square root of 144 is 1 since straight angle (p. 56) An angle that measures 180. raíz cuadrada Uno de dos factores iguales de un número. Si a b, la a es la raíz cuadrada de b. Una raíz cuadrada de 144 es 1 porque ángulo llano Ángulo que mide Glossar

118 stratified random sample (p. 406) A sampling method in which the population is divided into similar, non-overlapping groups. A simple random sample is then selected from each group. substitution (p. 545) A method used for solving a sstem of equations that replaces one variable in one equation with an epression derived from the other equation. Subtraction Propert of Equalit (p. 45) If ou subtract the same number from each side of an equation, the two sides remain equal. supplementar angles (p. 56) Two angles are supplementar if the sum of their measures is 180. muestra aleatoria estratificada Método de muestreo en que la población se divide en grupos semejantes que no se sobreponen. Luego se selecciona una muestra aleatoria simple de cada grupo. sustitución Método que se usa para resolver un sistema de ecuaciones en que se reemplaza una variable en una ecuación con una epresión derivada de la otra ecuación. propiedad de sustracción de la igualdad Si sustraes el mismo número de ambos lados de una ecuación, los dos lados permanecen iguales. ángulos suplementarios Dos ángulos son suplementarios si la suma de sus medidas es and are supplementar angles. surface area (p. 47) The sum of the areas of all the faces of a three-dimensional figure. 1 1 son ángulos suplementarios. área de superficie La suma de las áreas de todas las caras de una figura tridimensional. 5 ft 7 ft ft 5 pies 7 pies pies S (7 5) (7 ) (5 ) 14 square feet sstematic random sample (p. 406) A sampling method in which the items or people are selected according to a specific time or item interval. sstem of equations (p. 544) A set of two or more equations considered together. S (7 5) (7 ) (5 ) 14 pies cuadrados muestra aleatoria sistemática Muestra en que los elementos de la muestra se escogen según un intervalo de tiempo o elemento específico. sistema de ecuaciones Conjunto de dos o más ecuaciones consideradas juntas. T tangent (p. 678) If A is an acute angle of a right triangle, tan A measure of the leg opposite A. measure of the leg adjacent to A B a C c b tan A term (p. 470) A number, a variable, or a product of numbers and variables. term (p. 51) A number in a sequence. terminating decimal (p. 6) A decimal whose digits end. Ever terminating decimal can be written as a fraction with a denominator of 10, 100, 1,000, and so on. a b A tangente Si A es un ángulo agudo en un triángulo rectángulo, tan A medida del cateto opuesto a A. medida del cateto adacente a A B a C tan A término Un número, una variable o un producto de números variables. término Un número en una sucesión. decimal terminal Decimal cuos dígitos terminan. Todo decimal terminal puede escribirse como una fracción con un denominador 10, 100, 1,000, etc. c b a b A Glossar/Glosario Glossar 715

119 theoretical probabilit (p. 400) Probabilit based on known characteristics or facts. transformation (p. 90) A mapping of a geometric figure. probabilidad teórica Probabilidad que se basa en características o hechos conocidos. transformación Movimiento de una figura geométrica. A' B' C' A' B' C' E' B D' E' B D' A C A C E D E D translation (p. 96) A transformation in which a figure is slid horizontall, verticall, or both. traslación Transformación en que una figura se desliza horizontal o verticalmente o de ambas maneras. B' B' B A' C' B A' C' A C A C transversal (p. 58) A line that intersects two or more other lines to form eight angles. transversal Recta que interseca dos o más rectas formando ocho ángulos. t m t m trapezoid (p. 7) A quadrilateral with eactl one pair of parallel opposite sides. trapecio Cuadrilátero con un único par de lados opuestos paralelos. Glossar/Glosario tree diagram (p. 80) A diagram used to show the total number of possible outcomes in a probabilit eperiment. triangle (p. 6) A figure formed b three line segments that intersect onl at their endpoints. diagrama de árbol Diagrama que se usa para mostrar el número total de resultados posibles en eperimento probabilístico. triángulo Figura formada por tres segmentos de recta que sólo se intersecan en sus etremos. trigonometric ratio (p. 19) The ratio of the lengths of two sides of a right triangle. razón trigonométrica La razón de las longitudes de dos lados de un triángulo rectángulo. 716 Glossar

120 trigonometr (p. 19) The stud of the properties of triangles. two-step equation (p. 474) An equation that contains two operations. trigonometría El estudio de las propiedades de los triángulos. ecuación de dos pasos Ecuación que contiene dos operaciones. U unbiased sample (p. 406) A sample that is selected so that it is representative of the entire population. unit fraction (p. 66) A fraction that has 1 as its numerator. unit rate (p. 157) A rate with a denominator of 1. unlike fractions (p. 88) Fractions whose denominators are different. upper quartile (p. 44) The median of the upper half of a set of data, represented b UQ. muestra no sesgada Muestra que se selecciona de modo que sea representativa de la población entera. fracción unitaria Fracción cuo numerador es 1. razón unitaria Una tasa con un denominador de 1. fracciones con distinto denominador Fracciones cuos denominadores son diferentes. cuartil superior La mediana de la mitad superior de un conjunto de números, denotada por CS. V variable (p. 11) A smbol, usuall a letter, used to represent a number in mathematical epressions or sentences. verte (p. 1) The verte of a prism is the point where three or more planes intersect. verte variable Un símbolo, por lo general, una letra, que se usa para representar números en epresiones o enunciados matemáticos. vértice El vértice de un prisma es el punto en que se intersecan dos o más planos del prisma. vértice vertical angles (p. 56) pposite angles formed b the intersection of two lines. Vertical angles are congruent. In the figure, the vertical angles are 1 and, and and volume (p. 5) The number of cubic units needed to fill the space occupied b a solid. ángulos opuestos por el vértice Ángulos congruentes que se forman de la intersección de dos rectas. En la figura, los ángulos opuestos por el vértice son 1, 4. 4 volumen El número de unidades cúbicas que se requieren para llenar el espacio que ocupa un sólido. 1 Glossar/Glosario 4 m 10 m m 4 m 10 m m V cubic meters voluntar response sample (p. 407) A sample which involves onl those who want to participate in the sampling. V metros cúbicos muestra de respuesta voluntaria Muestra que involucra sólo aquellos que quieren participar en el muestreo. Glossar 717

121 X -ais (p. 14) The horizontal number line that helps to form the coordinate plane. eje La recta numérica horizontal que auda a formar el plano de coordenadas. -ais eje coordinate (p. 14) The first number of an ordered pair. -intercept (p. 5) The value of where the graph crosses the -ais. coordenada El primer número de un par ordenado. intersección El valor de donde la gráfica cruza el eje. -intercept intersección Y -ais (p. 14) The vertical number line that helps to form the coordinate plane ais eje La recta numérica vertical que auda a formar el plano de coordenadas eje Glossar/Glosario -coordinate (p. 14) The second number of an ordered pair. -intercept (p. 5) The value of where the graph crosses the -ais. -intercept coordenada El segundo número de un par ordenado. intersección El valor de donde la gráfica cruza el eje. intersección 718 Glossar

122 Selected Answers Chapter 1 Algebra: Integers Page 5 Chapter 1 Getting Started 1. multipl , Pages 9 10 Lesson Eplore Identif what information is given and what ou need to find. Plan Estimate the answer and then select a strateg for solving. Solve Carr out the plan and solve. Eamine Compare the answer to the estimate and determine if it is reasonable. If not, make a new plan.. The numbers increase b 1,,, and so on; lb 7. almost jars/s ,90,000 acres 15. No; $8 $1 $1 $0 17. $6 per pair 19. C Pages Lesson 1-1. The everda meaning of variable is something that is likel to change or var, and the mathematical meaning of a variable is a placeholder for a value that can change or var.. Sample answer: Commutative () 1. false; about 6,01 4. Distributive 45. Commutative () 47. Identit () 49. 6(4 ) 51. true 5. false; (4 4) 4 (4 ) 55. Sample answer: The equals sign was first introduced b Robert Recorde in C 59. $ Pages 0 1 Lesson 1-1. Sample answer: 4 5; {7,, 1, 0, 45, 55} 5. {17, 11, 5,, 6} ,, 1, 1, 1, 1,, 4, 4, helium Never; the absolute value of a positive number is alwas positive. 61. Sometimes; 5 4 and 5 4, but 4 5 and H about h Pages 6 7 Lesson To add numbers with different signs, subtract the absolute values of the numbers. Then use the sign of the number with the greater absolute value.. 45 and 54; All of the other numbers are additive inverses (5); ; Rock: 5, Rap/Hip Hop: 14, Pop: 9, Countr: Sometimes; If and have different signs, then. If and have the same sign, then. 47. F Sample answer: about 500 million Pages 0 1 Lesson Sample answer: 7 (); m. Lake Michigan is 7 m deeper than Lake ntario F 45. Sample answer: You have $6 in our checking account. Find the balance in our account after ou write a check for $ false; 49. I Identit () Pages 7 8 Lesson 1-6 1a. positive 1b. negative 1c. negative a. Positive; the product of two negative numbers is alwas a positive number. b. Negative; the product of three negative numbers is alwas a negative number. c. Positive; the product of four negative numbers is alwas a positive number. d. Negative; the product of five negative numbers is alwas a negative number C h If the number of negative factors is odd, then the product is negative. If the number of negative factors is even, then the product is positive. 6. true 65. D Sample answer: in all 75. Sample answer: of Pages 41 4 Lesson Sample answer: the sum of a number and 4; 4 more than a number.. 18 t 5. n 7. p 5 9. n 6 9 n 11. n (9) n t k the ear Kentuck became a state; k 4 1. g gallons of gasoline; 6 0 g. 150n 5. n n a Sample answer: If the ear is 004, then the equation is B $1, Pages Lesson If ou replace with 4 in the equation 7 ou get a true statement, m 6 4; this equation can be solved using the Addition Propert of Equalit, and the others can be solved using the Subtraction Propert of Equalit n 0 14; n 8 14; 6 5. n 0 9; 1 7. b 50 14; $74 9. s 6 5; 1 or 1 over par 41. p ; ; $4.75 per hour 45. Sample answer: While plaing a computer trivia game, ou answer a question correctl and our score is increased b 60 points. If our score is now 0 points, what was our original score? Answer: B 49. 7m tigers per ear Pages 5 5 Lesson Division Propert of Equalit; the inverse operation of multiplication is division.. Sample answer: it is greater than n 4 16; 64 Selected Answers Selected Answers 719

123 Selected Answers n 9; 1 5. n 14; f 88; ,80m 6,400; d,000; 6 das 4. about 114 h 45. d r 47. C Pages Chapter 1 Stud Guide and Review 1. e. h 5. a 7. d 9. c g n Chapter Algebra: Rational Numbers Page 61 Chapter Getting Started 1. opposites, additive inverses Pages Lesson Sample answer: 0.1; Since 0.1, it is a rational number.. 1 ; It cannot be written as a repeating decimal in ; 1 91, oz , lb 47a , , , b. 1 0., , , G Pages Lesson - 1. Since and , 0.8 is less than Greatest to least; since the numerators are the same, the values of the fractions decrease as the denominators increase ,, 0.7, , 1 4, 8, 7 9, , 6.8, 71 5, , 0.5, 0.45, , 7 1 9,.9, s 5. Florida State 15 Universit 7. D in Pages Lesson - 1. Since and 7 8 is less than 1, is less than 1.. Enrique; to multipl mied numbers, ou must first 1 rename them as fractions in C Pages Lesson If the product of the two numbers is 1, the two numbers are multiplicative inverses.. Sample answer: times longer a. 4 41b a ,000, Pages Lesson Allison; to add like fractions, add the numerators and write the sum over the denominator Since or 1 (1), the answer is in. 7. Since 1 1, 5 5 1, and , add to the sum of the whole numbers; F Pages Lesson Rename the fractions so the have a common denominator.. Greater than; since both fractions are greater than 1, the sum will be greater than 1 1 or , about min 41a b c d (5 4) (5 4) Pages Lesson Sample answer: r $ million visitors 5. A in p Pages Lesson Sample answer: ; 1 or s r stars 1. 0,000 stars p a 4 b , bacteria in ; 16 in 45a b c d ( ) (6 6); Selected Answers

124 Pages Lesson Sometimes; if the decimal is greater than or equal to 1 and less than 10, the value is in scientific notation. If the decimal is less than 1 or greater than or equal to 10, the value is not in scientific notation ; is onl 10,000, but is just over one million , ,10, ,046, ,000 lb s Wrigle Field, Network Associates Coliseum, H.H.H. Metrodome, The Ballpark in (9 10 Arlington, Yankee Stadium 4. 4 )( ) ( 10 5 )( 10 4 )( ) Huron Pages Chapter Stud Guide and Review 1. eponent. Like fractions 5. base 7. rational number , 1, 0, , Pages Lesson - 1. Sample answer: 4. 5 ; since 5 5, it is not an irrational number like the others. 5. integer, rational 7. rational , 5 1, 5.5, whole, integer, rational 19. integer, rational 1. rational. irrational 5. rational 7. rational 9. Alwas; an integer can alwas be written as the integer over 1, so an integer is alwas a rational number Chapter Algebra: Real Numbers and the Pthagorean Theorem Page 115 Chapter Getting Started 1. true , 49 Pages Lesson , which is what golfers ell to warn other plaers that the ball is coming.. Sample answer: or or or or or or or or or or in m 47a. 6 47b c. 1 47d. 49. C 51. 5,000,000,000,000 mi s 4 t , , 6 Pages 11 1 Lesson - 1. A(1, ) D (4, 0) 8 64 C(, ) 78. Julia; 7 49 or about 50, but or or 10. 5, 8, 7, about.5 s 7. B or B(, 4) ,., 5, , 4.01, 4.1, about 5. mph 51. alwas ft or or Pages Lesson Morgan; the Hpotenuse hpotenuse (8) and a Leg leg (5) are given. The Right Angle Leg correct equation to solve the problem is 8 a a 8 ; 8.9 d b ;. ft a 4 ; 9. d 11. es 1. c 5 1 ; 1 in b ; 16.1 m ; 15. in. 19. c ; 7 d 1. c 18 ; 9. in.. 1. a 5.1 ; 11. m 5. about 11.5 ft 7. no 9. no 1. no 5. at knots and 7 from unstaked end Leg Leg Hpotenuse Unstaked End in Pages Lesson The Pthagorean Theorem relates the lengths of the three sides of a right triangle. If ou know the lengths of two 9 Selected Answers 71 Selected Answers

125 sides of a right triangle, ou can substitute the values into the Pthagorean Theorem and solve for the missing length ; d 7 10 ; 1. mi 7. about 5.7 in. 9. d ; d ; 15.9 mi h ; 4.4 m 15. about 8.5 in. 17. about.6 cm 19. about 15. cm 1. about 0.5 ft. I , 6.7, 45, ,600, A (1, ) (, 4) D Pages Lesson Pthagorean Theorem. Sample answer: (1, ) and (4, 6) units (1, 5) (, ) irrational 7. rational 9. irrational 1. c 4 18 ; 0 in.. c 8 5 ; 9.4 ft b ;. in h ; 15 ft ; 9.4 ft 41. about 1.9 m (4, 8) 47. (1, ) 7.8 units.6 units (1, ) (, 4) (6, ) (4, 5) (, 1) (5, ). units Selected Answers 4.5 units 8.6 units units units units (1, 0) (6, ) (5, 1) 5.4 units 7.6 units 1.. about 4.9 mi 5. For horizontal lines, the (1, 6.) (4,.) -coordinate is half the sum of the -coordinates of the endpoints and the -coordinate is the -coordinate of the endpoints. For vertical lines, the -coordinate is the -coordinate of the 6.4 units endpoints and the -coordinate is half the sum of the -coordinates of the endpoints. 7. c cm Pages Chapter Stud Guide and Review 1. false; cannot. true 5. false; vertical ais 7. true rows of 17 trees in each row (, 4) Chapter 4 Proportions, Algebra, and Geometr Page 155 Chapter 4 Getting Started variable. ordered pair Pages Lesson Sample answer: 16 el 10 r ; low ed 8 5 ; for ever 8 ellow marbles, 5 are red.. 1: to 1 7. $1.50/da 9. Ben s Mart; the cost at Ben s Mart is about.8 per apple, while at 7 SaveMost it is about : to : $5.65/h 1. 1,5 tickets/theater. about 1.8 lb/wk 5. 6 cans for $1; 6 for $1 costs about 16.7 /can and 10 for $1.95 cost about 19.5 /can. 7. liters for $1.9; liters for $1.9 costs about.1 /oz and 1 1-ounce cans for $.49 costs about.4 /oz ,66,69 9. about $471,000/in Darnell (1, 5) 8.1 units 6.4 units (, ) (, ) (, 1) 7 Selected Answers

126 Pages Lesson 4-1. cost of postage for a 1-oz letter over a period of 4 months in which the cost did not change. 6 /h; about 6. /h flers/min 9. between 56 1:5 and 1: eagle 48 pairs/r 1. between 1984 and Temperature ( F) 0 4 A.M. 8 A.M. 1 P.M. 4 P.M. 8 P.M. 15. Between 000 and 00; reading the graph from left to right, the segment connecting 000 and 00 is steeper than the segment connecting 1980 and $ billion/r B. to Pages Lesson 4-1. the line with slope slope:. 4 Time of Da slope: 5. ; ; about 8.5 in.,0 00, ; ; Proportional; 1 each statement can be written as a ratio equivalent to :. 45. D ; AB, BC, CA 51. LM, MN, NP, PL Pages Lesson If polgons have corresponding congruent angles and have corresponding sides that are in proportion, then the polgons are similar.. no; ; 1 7. Yes; the 1 corresponding angles are congruent and No; the 5 corresponding angles are congruent, but ; ; mm 17a b c d. ; The ratio of the area is the square 16 5 of the scale factor. 19. Alwas; all corresponding angles between squares are congruent since all four angles in a square are right angles. In addition, all sides in a square are congruent. Therefore, all four ratios of corresponding sides are equal in.. 5. (, 9) (1, 5) (1, 8) (, 8) 1. ; ; $10 increase in 1 cost for each pizza 6 delivered ; pressure increases lbs/in for ever 11 feet increase in 6 depth 19. Pedro; he is saving $1.50 per week, 1 while Jenna is onl saving $6 per week. 1. /. 1.8 in./min Pages Lesson Sample answer:,,, 4. es 5. es b ; no 1. es 15. es 17. es p ; ; 6.5 Pages Lesson Sample answer: 1 in. 10 ft; 1: mi 5. 1 in. 60 ft 7. 1 ft ft ft cm mm 17. Sample answer: 1 cm 1.5 m; 11.5 m 19. A tennis ball; if the circumference of the model C is C, then, so C The model built 11, 000 4, on the 1:75 scale since D 5. Yes; the 100 corresponding angles are congruent, and A D, B E, ACB DCE Selected Answers 7 Selected Answers

127 Pages Lesson h units; 1 8 (4, 10) h ft 14 ft 6 ft ; 140 m h h ; about 6 ft ft (1, ) Pages Lesson Sample answer:. A(1, ), B 1, 1, C, ; h ft 10 ft A ft 7 ft ; 1 ft ; 80.8 ft h 9 5 d h ; 6 ft B 8 A' B' C C' ft ; 7.5 ft ft ft 1 4 ft 0 in. 106 ft in. ft h ft 40,000 mi ft moon 5. ; enlargement 7. H (0, 6), J (9, ), K (0, 1), L (6, 9); 8 9. H(6, ), J4 1,, K4 1,, L(6, ); H L' 4 H' L 8 8 H' H J 4 8 K K' J' J J' Selected Answers ;,000 mi 40,000 h 17. E D BC 19. B mi..5 mi ; 1 DC m units; (, 1) (6, 1) L L' ; reduction 1. 4 ; enlargement 15. Sample answer: B' B A = A' C D K' K C' D' 74 Selected Answers

128 17. ; enlargement ; reduction vanishing point 5. The figure is enlarged and rotated G 9. 5 in. 7 ft a 5 1. ; ; p ;.% b a ; a 5.8 b ; 6.8. ; p ; 44.4% ; % b ,840,000 households. 760,000 households ,000 households 9. Hurt; 7 out of 1 is about 5.8% which is less than 56% % 4. 1% % Pages Chapter 4 Stud Guide and Review 1. f. a 5. d 7. b 9. 1 for out of ; ; in mi 7. 1 in. 1 in. or in. 1 ft ; 14 6 ft 8 1. ; reduction 5 Chapter 5 Percent Page 05 Chapter 5 Getting Started 1. equation. proportion Pages Lesson %;. ; All the other numbers equal 40% % 7. 45% % % % % 1. 4%. 195% 5. 1% ; ; ; ; % 45. 5% 47. Since 4 86, a student would receive an 86% on the test if he or she answered 4 out of the 50 questions correctl. 49. H 51. 4; enlargement Pages 1 14 Lesson ; 5%; 0.5. Aisln; 0.7 is 7 tenths, not 7 hundredths % % % % %. 7.5% % 7. 40% 9. 75% 41. 1% 4. 85% 45..5% % % % 5. % % % 65. %,, 0., more % 7. H % % 79. {1, 5, 1, 5, 1} 81. {65, 61, 58, 57, 64} Pages Lesson 5-1. Percent means per 100 and p is the number out of 100. a 60. Roberto; the base b is unknown. 5. ; p ; 14.% ; p ; 5% b Pages Lesson Since 75% equals 4, find 4 of of 40 is 10. So of 40 4 is 10 or 0.. Candace; 10% of or $ Calories women 41. Sample answer: a 00, b 100; Since 10% is 1 of 0%, a must equal b. 4. B 45. about.9% % 49..% 51. Sample answer: of 90 or Sample answer: of 70 or 0 7 Pages 0 1 Lesson % is about 5% or 1 4. $98.98 is about $ of is 5. So, 6% of $98.98 is about $5.. 51% of 10; 4% of 40 is less than 1 4 of 40 or % of 10 is greater than 1 of 10 or Sample answers given. 5. of 1 or or 0% or 75% 11. of 50 or of 75 or of 70 or of 160 or of 9 or of 40 or of 10 or or 5% or 0% or 1 66 % , , or 50%. 99, , or 0% or % 7. 8,084,16 8,000,000 or 40% 19,14,9 0,000,000,886,51,000, or 5% 41. alwas 1,586,447 1,000,000 7 p 4. sometimes 45. G ; 10% ; 10 b Pages 4 5 Lesson n(40). 80 n(60); The solution of 80 n(60) is 1 1, while the solution of each of the others is. 5. 4% % % % , % ,11 attempts 9. New York 1. B. Sample answer: or % Pages 9 40 Lesson Find the amount of change.. Sample answer: original: 10, new: 0; The percent of change is 00%. 5. 0%; decrease 7..1%; increase 9. $ $ %; decrease 15. 5%; decrease %; increase 19. $ $ % 5. $ $ % hours or 1 das and 0 hours. Sample answer: There were 5 students in the math class. Two more students enrolled in the class. What is the percent of change? Answer: 8% Selected Answers 75 Selected Answers

129 5. Sample answer: Find the difference. a p 1 b p Replace a with and b with p Find the cross products p Multipl p Divide each side b p Simplif. The percent of change is about 4.6%. 7. about $ Sample answer: 1 of 84 or Sample answer: 1 of 96 or Pages 4 44 Lesson In the formula I prt, I represents the interest, p represents the principal, r represents the simple interest rate written as a decimal, and t represents the time in ears.. Yes; Yoshiko will earn half of the interest which is.5% or $ $ $ $ $ $ $, $ $14, $1, $7, r r 6; 1% 1. 5% Pages Chapter 5 Stud Guide and Review 1. percent. percent proportion 5. markup 7. principal % % 15. 0% % 7. 70% % %. 96% p ; ; 0% b Sample answer: 1 8 of 80 or Sample answer: 5 of 40 or Sample answer: or 1 % 51. 4, %; increase 57. 0%; decrease % 61. $ $68.5 Chapter 6 Geometr Page 55 Chapter 6 Getting Started 1. false; a b c ft d 11. No; the angles do not have the same measure not possible 1. sometimes. The sum of the measures of the angles of a triangle is 180. If two of the angles of a triangle were greater than or equal to 90, then the sum of these angles would alread be greater than or equal to B ft in. Pages Lesson 6-1. The length of the hpotenuse is twice the length of the leg opposite the 0 angle.. a 10 in., b 17. in. 5. b 9 m, c 1.7 m 7. a 11 in., b 19.1 in. 9. c 50 ft, b 4. ft 11. b 18 d, c 5.5 d cm ft, about 10.6 ft 17. about.5 in. 19. Sample answer: A flowerbed is in the shape of a right triangle. The length of one leg is 6 feet. What is the length of the other two sides of the triangle? 6 ft and about 8.5 ft 1. B. acute isosceles 5. acute 7. alt. eterior Pages Lesson Asquare is a parallelogram with four congruent sides.. Trapezoid; the others are all eamples of parallelograms square 9. trapezoid trapezoid 19. parallelogram 1. square. trapezoid trapezoid 9. rhombus, square 1. true. False; 5. C ft 9. acute, scalene 41. obtuse, scalene 4. Yes, the angles have the same measure. Pages 81 8 Lesson G K Selected Answers Pages Lesson Sample answer:. straight 5. adjacent acute 15. vertical adjacent, complementar The are supplementar. Sample answer: In the diagram, and 1 and are supplementar. Since 1 and are alternate interior angles, 1. Therefore, replacing 1 with, and are supplementar A 4. 5%; increase %; decrease Pages Lesson 6-1. Sample answer: a baseball pennant acute scalene 9. obtuse isosceles acute equilateral 19. right scalene 1. right isosceles. obtuse isosceles. es; A G, C H, E F, AC GH, CE HF, AE GF; ACE GHF d 9. es; H P, K Q, J M, HK PQ, KJ QM, HJ PM; HJK PMQ 11. no 1. es; A E, B D, C F, AB ED, BC DF, AC EF; ABC EDF m in...5 m 5. a and d 7. trapezoid 9. quadrilateral 1. A Pages Lesson F H J L 76 Selected Answers

130 a. 5a A(, ) C(, 1) b. no 5b. no 7a. 7b. es; 180 Pages 9 94 Lesson Sample answer: 9a. 9b. es; 7, 144, 16, 88 11a. 11b. no. The third transformation; all the transformations are reflections of the original figure about the given line. The image of the tip of the dog s tail is not directl across from the tip of the original dog s tail. 5. Q(, ), R(, 4), S(, ), T(, 1); Q R 7. Y' X' X Y T T' S S' Z' Z 1a. none 1b. es; 10, Isosceles and equilateral triangles; equilateral triangles 17a. 17b. Q ' R' 9. J' M' 11. Q L' K' V K L T R S U U' T' S' R' V' Q' 17c. none 17d. none 19. Sample answers: line smmetr line smmetr line and rotational smmetr 1. true. B 5. The 4 triangles that form the large triangle in the center appear to be congruent. Three of these smaller triangles are divided into smaller triangles. These smaller triangles appear to be congruent. J 1. No; the image of the tip of the balloon s tail is not directl across from the tip of the original balloon s tail. 15. Yes; each point on the image of the cup is directl across from each corresponding point on the original cup. 17. B' 19. C' C B M A' A A(1, 1), B(, 4), J(, 0), K(1, ), C(4, 1) L(, ), M(4, 1) M L J K K' J' L' M' Selected Answers 77 Selected Answers

131 1. -ais. -ais 5. es; 15. S(14, ), T(0, 9) 17. (4, ) 19. es 1. es; 180. no Pages 0 0 Lesson Sample answer: fan blade, Ferris wheel, car tire. C' 5. W 7. H, I, M,, T, U, V, W, X, Y 9. -ais; The -coordinates are the same, but the -coordinates are opposites. 1. The two pieces are reflections of each other and the are congruent.. es; no A B' B A' C V X' X W' V' Pages Lesson The fourth transformation; the other transformations are translations, but in the fourth, the figure is turned, so it is not a translation.. 5. A' C' B' A C B H' H E' E F' G' F G A(4, ), B(1, ), C(, 4) V(4, ), W(, 4), X(, 1) 7. M' 9. Yes; the figure in green is L M a rotation of the figure in blue 180 about the origin. P 11. No; the figure in green N' is a reflection of the figure L' in blue over the -ais. P' 1. N L(, 0), M(, 4), N(, 1), P(1, 1) E(, 0), F(1, 0), G(, ), H(4, ) 7. P Q C R Q' P' R' Selected Answers 9. S R' R S' T' R(6, 5), S(, 0), A(, 5), B(1, ), T(1, 6) C(, 0), D(5, ) T B' A' C' B D' A C D in. 17. rotation 19. reflection 1. The 4 hearts at the bottom of the tie are translations of the first heart at the top of the tie.. 5. acute equilateral; es Pages Chapter 6 Stud Guide and Review 1. false; obtuse. false; perpendicular 5. true 7. true a cm, b.5 cm 17. b 10 ft, c 14.1 ft º. 11 cm I none 78 Selected Answers

132 9. 1. T T' Q Q' S S' R R' Q(, 5), R(4, 5), A(, 4), B(, 1), S(, 1), T(1, 1) C(5, ). L J(, 1), K(1, 1), L' J L(4, ) A A' B B' C C' 95.6 m cm; 8.5 cm ft; 84.5 ft 19. about 7,854 in. or feet 1. about 70,686 d in ; 15.9 in ; 78.5 in ft cm m 1. Sample answer: J. C cm arc JL 10 K L 7. W(, 1), X(1, ), Y(, 4); X' Y' W' X J' K' K W Y Chapter 7 Geometr: Measuring Area and Volume Page 1 Chapter 7 Getting Started 1. trapezoid quadrilateral 15. pentagon Pages Lesson The are the same; A bh.. Malik; The area of a trapezoid is half the product of the height and the sum of the bases m km m ft 1. 8 in cm cm cm 1. 10,000 km. 11,500 km 5. Tennessee: 109,158 km, Arkansas: 17,741 km, Virginia: 109,91 km, North Dakota 18,1 km 7. The area is doubled. 9. A 1.. X Z X' Y Z' Y' X Z Y Y' Z' X' Pages 8 9 Lesson 7-1. Sample answer:. 68 cm in d m cm m 15. about units 17. cans; The area to be painted is ft, so or about.5 cans of paint are needed. Since ou cannot bu half a can, ou must bu cans. 19. No, the area of the field is about 60,68. ft, so it will take 60,68. 1,750 or about 5 minutes to mow the field. The grounds crew onl has 0 minutes. 1. C m 5. 0 ft 7. quadrilateral 9. heagon Pages 4 Lesson a: verte; b: face; c: base; d: edge. rectangular prism; 6 faces, all rectangles; 1 edges; 8 vertices 5. rectangular pramid; 5 faces, 1 rectangle and 4 triangles; 8 edges; 5 vertices 7. triangular pramid; 4 faces, all triangles; 6 edges; 4 vertices 9. triangular prism; 5 faces, triangles and rectangles; 9 edges; 6 vertices 11a. X(1, 1), Y(, ), X(4, 1), Y(1, 4), Z(0, 5) Z(, ) Pages Lesson 7-1. Sample answer: 6 cm top view side view front view Selected Answers d; 45.4 d ft; 46.4 ft mi;.1 mi in.; 14. in mi; 1,14.1 mi m; 11b. 1 1 ft 11c. 11 ft 1. Sometimes; three planes can intersect in a line or not intersect at all if two or more are parallel. 15. Sometimes; a rectangular prism has 5 vertices, but a triangular prism has 4. 17a. square pramids Selected Answers 79

133 Selected Answers 17b. 19. E n top view side view 1. EF and AD. top: rectangular pramid; bottom: rectangular prism ft in in cm Pages 7 9 Lesson The area of the base B of a rectangular prism equals the length times the width w. Replacing B with w in the formula V Bh, gives another formula for the volume of a rectangular prism, V (w)h or V wh m ft mm m m ft mm ,790 cm d. 6 in ft 7. 1, ,000, ft. volume doubles 5. volume is multiplied b 8 7. B ft , Pages Lesson Doubling its radius; doubling the radius means the volume of the cone is multiplied b 4, while doubling the height multiplies the volume of the cone b m ft 7. 1,71.8 mm in m in cm ft m 1. Sample answer: 50 cm. Sample answer: A paper cup is shaped like a cone. If the cup is 6 cm wide and 10 cm tall, find the volume of water the cup will hold; 94. cm in m 9. It multiplies it b 8; replacing r with r in the formula for the volume of a sphere gives 4 (r) or 8 4 r cm. trapezoidal prism; 6 faces, trapezoids, 4 rectangles; 1 edges; 8 vertices ft 7..9 cm Pages Lesson False; a rectangular prism ft long, 4 ft wide, and 6 ft high has the same volume as a prism ft long, ft wide, and 1 ft high, 48 ft. The surface area of the first prism is 88 ft, but the surface area of the second prism is 104 ft.. Sample answer: ft ft 11 ft in cm cm ft 1. 1,154.5 d m in ft in. Double the radius; consider the epression for the surface area of a clinder, r rh. If ou double the height, ou will double the second addend. If ou double the radius, ou will quadruple the first addend and double the second addend rectangle 1. triangle. D 5. 9 m 7. No; the volume of the refrigerator is 1,85 in or about 7.4 ft, which is less than 8 ft Pages Lesson The slant height is the height of each lateral face of the pramid and the height is the perpendicular distance from the verte to the base of the pramid.. 64 ft cm ft mm d cm 15. 5; The surface area of the roof is 50.7 ft Since ou cannot bu a fraction of a roll, 5 rolls of roofing material are needed in in m ft 5. B 7. 1,78.6 cm Pages 60 6 Lesson oz; 5 lb is measured to the nearest pound, 74 oz is measured to the nearest ounce, and 74.8 oz is measured to the nearest 0.1 oz, therefore 74.8 oz is most precise ; all of the other numbers have significant digits, while 75.0 has 4 significant digits. 5. F m in pound L m s. 1 ft ,600 m cm 45. D cm Pages 6 66 Chapter 7 Stud Guide and Review 1. b. d 5. i 7. c 9. g in m cm; 8. cm m; 1. m mm in. heagonal pramid; 7 faces, 1 heagon and 6 triangles; 1 edges; 7 vertices d ft d m. 95 ft cm 7. about ft lb Chapter 8 Probabilit Page 7 Chapter 8 Getting Started 1. proportion ,90 9., Pages Lesson Masao; a is onl 1 out of 6 possibilities when rolling a number cube. The probabilit is ; 0.5; 50% 7. 7 ; 0.875; % 9. 4 ; 0.75; 75% ; 0.4; 4% ; 0.56; 56% ; 1; 100% No; P(greater than ) 1 and P(less than ) 1, but % red craons 9. 5:1 1. C. The measurement is to the nearest centimeter. There is 1 significant digit. The greatest possible error is 0.5 cm, and the relative error is or about The measurement is to the nearest 0.01 m. There are significant digits. The greatest possible error is m, and the relative error is or about about 67 in Pages 8 8 Lesson 8-1. With a tree diagram, ou can see all the different outcomes. However, with the Fundamental Counting Principle, ou onl know how man outcomes there are.. 4 more outfits pizzas 9 9. Penn Nickel Dime utcome H T 8 outcomes H T H T H = Heads T = Tails H T H T H T H T H, H, H H, H, T H, T, H H, T, T T, H, H T, H, T T, T, H T, T, T 70 Selected Answers

134 11. Size Small Medium Large Etra Large 8 outcomes 1. 4 outcomes 15. outcomes 17. First Spinner Green Blue Yellow Red Color White Red White Red White Red White Red Second Spinner Red Blue White Red Blue White Red Blue White Red Blue White 1 outcomes ,697,600 plates 5. D , significant digits. 5, ,680 Pages Lesson ! and P(9, 5) Baile; P(7, ) means to start with 7 and use factors , was , , ,916, was 5.,04 passwords was 1. 15,600 was 5.,68,800; 10! 10 9! 5. B different was utcome Small, White Small, Red Medium, White Medium, Red Large, White Large, Red Etra Large, White Etra Large, Red utcome Green, Red Green, Blue Green, White Blue, Red Blue, Blue Blue, White Yellow, Red Yellow, Blue Yellow, White Red, Red Red, Blue Red, White Pages Lesson Sample answers: selecting a committee of 5 people; selecting a president and vice president of a club permutation squads , combination 1. permutation. permutation 5. 0 pizzas 7. 6,840 was 9.,598,960 hands 1. 59,459,00 was. Sometimes; the are equal if ,49,575 committees 7., , Pages Lesson Both independent events and dependent events are compound events. Independent events do not affect each other. Dependent events affect each other.. Evita; spinning the spinner twice represents two independent events. The probabilit of getting an odd number is 5 each time % / Pages Lesson Each eperimental probabilit will be different. Theoretical probabilit tells ou approimatel what should happen The theoretical probabilit 5 is about the same as the eperimental probabilit about 70 cars 11. about 67 errors about 80 teens 1. about 00 times., The eperimental probabilit is 1 5 or 1. The theoretical 75 5 probabilit is 1. The eperimental probabilit is less than 4 5 the theoretical probabilit Pages Lesson Taking a surve is one wa to determine eperimental probabilit.. This is a biased sample, since people in other states would spend much more than those in Arizona. The sample is a convenience sample since all the people are from the same state % 7. This is an unbiased, sstematic random sample. 9. This is a biased sample, since onl voluntar responses are used. 11. This is an unbiased, simple random sample. 1. Sample answer: Get a list of all the students in the school and contact ever 0th student on the list. 15. about 40 containers 19. No; the surve should be representative of the whole school. 1. Sample answer: If the questions are not asked in a neutral manner, the people ma not give their true opinion. For eample, the question You reall don t like Brand X, do ou? might not get the same answer as the question Do ou prefer Brand X or Brand Y? Also, the question Wh would anone like rock music? might not get the same answer as the question What do ou think about rock music?. I Pages Chapter 8 Stud Guide and Review 1. sample space. multipling 5. compound event 6 7. Theoretical probabilit 9. 5 ; 0.4; 4% ; 0.7; 5 7% ; 0.7; 7% numbers This is a biased sample, since onl people leaving a concert are surveed. This is a convenience sample. 49. about 10 people Chapter 9 Statistics and Matrices Page 417 Chapter 9 Getting Started 1. false; biased , 0., , 0.10, 1.01, Pages 4 44 Lesson Sample answer:,, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 1, 1, 15, 16, 17 Selected Answers 71 Selected Answers

135 Selected Answers Sample answer: Number of Bars Record High Temperatures for Each State Number of States Number of Years states 1. 7 states courts courts 19. Vermont 1. 6 counties 5. G Pages Lesson 9-1. Both graphs show how the ages of the signers of the Declaration of Independence were distributed. The bar graph shows how man were in each age interval. The circle graph shows what percent of the signers were in each age interval.. Sample answer: 5. Hawaiian Counties School 0% 0 9 Homework 8% M Da Sleep % ther 1% Television 8% Number of Shows Calories Temperatures ( F) New Broadwa Productions for Each Year from Honolulu 9.% Calories of Various Tpes of Frozen Bars Kalawao 0.% Hawaii 6.7% Kauai 9.7% Maui 18.0% U.S. Population b Age 11. Half of the homes are heated with piped gas. About a third of the homes are heated % 8.% with electricit. The rest of the homes are 80+ heated with fuel oil, % bottled gas, wood, or 7.0% something else. 1. C % 15. Sample answer: Calories of Single Serving, Frozen Pizzas 17. Flowers and Plants Purchased for Mother's Da Pages 4 4 Lesson 9-1. Both bar graphs and histograms use bars to show how man things are in each categor. A histogram shows the frequenc of data that has been organized into equal intervals. There is no space between the bars in a histogram.. circle graph 5. Sample answer: histogram 7. table, bar graph, or Grams of Carbohdrates in a Serving of Various Vegetables Number of Vegetables Number of Pizzas 0 9 Garden Plants 7% Cut Flowers 6% Calories 0 9 Grams of Carbohdrates Green Plants 9% Flowering Plants 18% pictograph 9. histogram 11. line graph 7 Selected Answers

136 1. Sample answer: line graph; Height (inches) 17. Sample answer: Pages Lesson No; the mode must alwas be a member of the set of data, but the mean and median ma or ma not be a member of the set of data.. Erica; ou must first order the numbers from least to greatest. 5. 9; 9; no mode 7. The median; the mean is affected b the etreme value of 74, and the mode is the least number in the set of data ; 14; no mode 11. 4; 4; ; 1.6; no mode ; 0.6; Median; the mode is the least number in the set of data and the mean is affected b the ver large number Sample answer: 1, 1, 1, 1, 14, 15, G. histogram 5..89,.9,.1,., , 15.1, 16.79, 16.8, 17.4 Pages Lesson Sample answer: {1, 50, 50, 60, 60, 70, 70, 80}. 9; 59; 6, 58; 4; no outliers million 7..0 million, 9.1 million 9. no outliers 11. 8; 5; 57, 48; 9; 1. 6.; 16.6; 18.7, 14.55; 4.15; no outliers ; 0.55; 0.65, 0.5; 0.4; no outliers 17. 8; 44, Philadelphia 1. 54; 70; 9. The interquartile range for San Francisco is onl 10 F, while the interquartile range for Philadelphia is 1 F. 5a. Sample answer: {1, 1,,,, 5, 9, 9, 9, 10, 10} and {1, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 9, 10, 10} 5b. Sample answer: {1,, 5, 7, 9, 10, 1, 14, 15, 17, } and {0,, 5, 7, 9, 10, 1, 14, 15, 17, 7} ; 7; Average Height of Girls Age (ears) Time Needed to Walk to School Number of Students Pages Lesson The bo represents the spread of the middle half of the data.. Joseph; 64 is an outlier Time (min) domestic % 19. Sample answer: {0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 40, 50, 60, 70, 70, 70} ; 81; 88, 74; 14; Since this is a sstematic random sample of the entire population concerned with the park, it is an unbiased sample. Pages Lesson The scale ma have a break or ma have different sized intervals. The graph ma show a larger area than the actual increase.. Graph B; since there is a break in the vertical scale, the number of medals for Norwa appears to be much greater than the number of medals for the Soviet Union. 5. Graph B; the area of the house indicates a much greater median income for the male householder than a female householder. 7. The advertising is not false. In the last surve, out of 4 people liked Tast Treats better than Groov Goodies. However, it is misleading, because combining all the surve results shows onl half of the people liked Tast Treats better than Groov Goodies. 9. Mean; it is greater than the median and the will want to appear to pa more mone. 11. Mean; it is greater than the median and the will want to appear to pa more mone. 1a. Number of Admissions 1b. to Movie Theaters Number of Admissions (billions) 15. G Year Number of Admissions (billions) Number of Admissions to Movie Theaters Year Pages Lesson A -b- matri has rows and columns, and a -b- matri has rows and columns.. b 1; third row, first column 5. b 5; second row, fourth column b ; first row, third column Selected Answers 7 Selected Answers

137 11. b ; third row, first column 1. b 4; third row, second column impossible C. Calories Burned Working Fairl Hard 5. Pages Chapter 9 Stud Guide and Review 1. true. true 5. false; median 7. false; dimensions students 11. Calories per Hour Treadmill Stairstepper Life Epectanc of Animals Pages Lesson terms that contain the same variable or are constants. 5( ); 5( ) is equivalent to 5 15, while the other three epressions are equivalent to a 7 7. terms: 8a, 4, 6a; like terms: 8a and 6a; coefficients: 8, 6; constant: 4 9. terms: 5n, n,, n; like terms: 5n, n, and n; coefficients: 5, 1, ; constant: 11. 9n 1. 11c m n c ( 7); ( ); 9 7. terms: 7, 5, 1; like terms: 7, 1; coefficients: 5; constants: 7, 1 5. terms: n, 4n, 7n, 1; like terms: n, 4n, 7n; coefficients: 1, 4, 7; constant: 1 7. terms: 9, z,, z; like terms: 9 and, z and z; coefficients: 1, ; constants: 9, 9. 6n 41. k c t b ; first row, first column 59. b 1; third row, first column 61. Graph B Pages Lesson You identif the order in which operations would be performed on the variable, then ou undo each operation using its inverse operation in reverse order.. Tomás; Aleis did not undo the operations in reverse order $ Sample answer: ; p n 5 17 Selected Answers 1. circle graph , 15, , 8, ; ; 5, ; ; ; 6.5; 8.5, 4.5; 4; no outliers. 5. Frequenc Years median 9. median 1.. impossible Chapter 10 Algebra: More Equations and Inequalities Page 467 Chapter 10 Getting Started 1. algebraic. true 5. false Pages Lesson multiplication b. n 1 7; 5. n 10 ; n 4 11; 9. 4n 8 1; n 9 14; n 10 17; ; $1.50 each m ; 14 min s ; n n (n 5) 00; $7, $74, $ Pages Lesson Addition Propert of Equalit n number; n 18 n; n number; 4n n 7; ; ; $ (10) 8 10; 5 mugs 7. C 9. 4n 8 60; false 47. true Pages Lesson Sample answer: n 9; ou will earn at least $9.. a 6 5. false 7. true s c true 1. true. false Selected Answers

138 n 4 7. n t n 4. Sample answer: These smbols were introduced b the editor of Thomas Harriot s work Artis Analticae Prais ad Aequationes Algebraicas Resolvendas. 45. D h 1; 4 h Pages Lesson The same quantit can be subtracted from each side of the equation or inequalit without changing the truth of the statement.. b 4 5. g 1 7. k 7 9. c ; 11. a 1 ; k c g s 7. w 5. q p f 4 1. n 11 8; n 19. n 17 6; n n 4; 7. 16; 9. g 7; 41. h ; 4. b 7.75; 45. w 4 ; t 101; t 1.8; more than 1.8 F ; 18; is less than 18 cm 51. Never; subtracting from each side gives 0 1, which is never true. 5. I 55. false 57. true Pages Lesson Sample answer: 6. 9; 5. p 8; 7. g 14; 9. a m 7 1. n 5; 15. g 4; ; 19. r ; 1. c 1;. a 15; n 98; t 10; 9. k 0; c 4; c 8; at least 8 h. 4,000,000 8d; d 500,000; less than 500,000 mi 5. k 1 7. n 9 n 9. c ; n n 18; n D j 4 5. b 100,000 Pages Chapter 10 Stud Guide and Review 1. d. a 5. f 7. 4a n p n 6 4; ; g 9; d 14. c 5. m Chapter Algebra: Linear Functions Page 511 Chapter 11 Getting Started 1. false; vertical D (4, ) C (0, ) A(, 4) Pages Lesson When the quotient between an two consecutive terms is the same, the sequence is geometric.. 5, 10, 15, 0, 5, ; It is an arithmetic sequence and the others are geometric sequences. 5. neither; 14, 16, ,,, 4, cans 11. geometric; 10; 100,000, 1,000,000, 10,000, arithmetic; ; 7, 70, neither; 6, 7, geometric; ; 1,15,,645, 10, arithmetic; 1 ; 161, 19, geometric; 1 4 ; 1 64, 1 56, 1 1,04. arithmetic; 1 ; 5 6, 1, , 600,,600, 6 1, , 8, 1, 16, ; arithmetic 9. arithmetic B(,1) Selected Answers 75 Selected Answers

139 1. Yes; the common ratio is 1.. 0, 5, 10, 15, 0, 5, 5. I 7. b t Pages Lesson domain; range. Tomi; the input is the value of, not f() f() P 4s. c p 5. Sample answer: Mr. Jones is traveling on the interstate at an average speed of 55 miles per hour. Write a function to determine the distance he travels in h hours. How far will he travel in hours? d 55h; 165 mi 7. A 9. geometric; ; 96, 19, neither; 17,, () (0) (1) 1 6 5() f() 5 6(5) (1) () (7) () 7 () (1) (6) 5 A(4, ) D (1, 4) (, ) () 4 (, 4) 0 (0) 0 (0, 0) 1 (1) (1, ) () 4 (, 4) 1 C (0, ) B(,1) 1 5 Selected Answers Pages Lesson Make ordered pairs using the value and its corresponding value. Then graph the ordered pairs on a coordinate plane. Draw a line that the points suggest.. (0, ); does not equal (0) or gal 1. Temperature ( F) t t 80.6h h Altitude (thousands of feet) 5a. Sample answer: (, 4), (0, ), (, 0), (4, ); 5b. Sample answer: (1, 4), (0, ), (1, ), (, 0); 7. A Selected Answers

140 Pages Lesson If 1, then 1 1 and division b 0 is 1 0 undefined. Therefore the slope is undefined.. Dlan; Martin did not use the -coordinates in the same order as 9 the -coordinates The second half; it has a 1 00 greater slope undefined ; her average speed 5. Slope of QR: m 1 ( ) or 1 5 ( 4) ; Slope of RS: m 1 or 1; Slope of 4 5 ST: m 1 or ; Slope of TQ: m 1 ( ) or 1; 5 ( 4) Therefore, QR ST and RS TQ, and quadrilateral QRST is a parallelogram. 7., 1 9. The product of the slopes of two perpendicular lines is Sample answer: the rate of descent 7. Sample answer: Jim is on a long hike. He has alread gone 5 miles. He plans to hike miles each hour. The distance he has traveled in hours can be determined b 5. Draw a graph of the function Pages Lesson Locate the first point at (0, ). From this point, go down 5 and right 4 to locate the second point. Draw a line through the two points.. 1; The slope of this line is, but the slope of each of the other lines is ; the amount paid each week 1. ; ; ; What does the slope represent? (the miles per hour) What does the -intercept represent? (the distance alread traveled) 9. The slope is undefined. There is no -intercept unless the graph of the line is the -ais. 41. G (, ) 0 0.9(0) 0 (0, 0) 1 0.9(1) 0.9 (1, 0.9) 0.9() 0.78 (, 0.78) 0.9() 1.17 (, 1.17) 4 0.9(4) 1.56 (4, 1.56) 0.9 Selected Answers 77 Selected Answers

141 (4, 8) 9. (10, 1) D (7.5,.) B (1.5,.5) A (5, ) C (., 1.8) 1. (, ) 4 (, ) Pages Lesson Let one set of data be the values and the other set of data be the values. Pair the corresponding and values to form ordered pairs. Graph the ordered pairs to form a scatter plot.. positive 5. negative 7. positive 9. positive 11. no relationship 1. negative 15. positive 17. Calories (, 4) (, 4) Fat Grams 17. no solution Sample answer: B 5. 4 ; ; (, 5) 1 (, 5) Selected Answers Pages Lesson Asstem of equations is a set of or more equations. The solution of a sstem of equations is the solution or solutions that solve all the equations in the sstem.. The sstem has no solution. Since the graphs of the equations have the same slope and different -intercepts, the graphs are parallel lines. Therefore, the do not intersect. 5. (1, ) (1, ) 4 1. (, 5). (4, 11) 5. (, ) 7. (1, ) shirts; $ min 5a. Sample answer: 4 5b. Sample answer: 1 5c. Sample answer: Selected Answers

142 Pages Lesson Sample answer: 1.. Sample answers: math: 0 min, social studies: 0 min; math: 5 min, social studies: 4 5 min; math: 0 min, social studies: 5 min 5. Sample answers: khoums: 5, ouguia: 9; khoums: 5, ouguia: 0; khoums: 10, ouguia: 5 7. C 9. (, 1) 4 1 (, 1) no solution 4 7. Sample answers: legs: 5 units, base: units; legs: 7 units, base: 5 units; legs: 9 units, base: 1 unit positive d 7. $4.50 Pages Chapter 11 Stud Guide and Review 1. domain. sequence 5. arithmetic sequence 7. boundar 9. geometric; 1 ;, 1, neither; 70, 5,040, 40,0 1. $ Selected Answers ; ; 6. ; 7 5. positive 4 7. positive Selected Answers 79

143 (1, ) (4, 6) (1, ) 9. (, ) (1, ) (4, 6) 4. (, 1) Pages Lesson 1-1. Afunction is quadratic if the greatest power of the variable is.. 7, it is a linear function, while the others are quadratic Sample answers: games, rides; 5 games, rides; 10 games, 0 rides Chapter 1 Algebra: Nonlinear Functions and Polnomials Page 559 Chapter 1 Getting Started 1. linear., 5. (a a) (b 5b) 7. (5) d a Selected Answers Pages Lesson Sample answer: 1. linear; graph is a straight line 5. linear; can be written as linear; rate of change is constant, as increases b, decreases b 9. nonlinear; graph is two curves 11. linear; graph is a straight line 1. nonlinear; graph is a curve 15. nonlinear; when solved for, appears in denominator so the equation cannot be written in the form m b 17. nonlinear; power of is greater than nonlinear; is an eponent, so the equation cannot be written in the form m b 1. linear; can be written in the form 0 7. nonlinear; rate of change is not constant 5. linear; rate of change is constant, as increases b, decreases b 7. nonlinear; rate of change is not constant 9. Nonlinear; the points (ear, pounds) would lie on a curved line, not on a straight line and the rate of change is not constant. 1. Nonlinear; the power of r in the function A r is greater than 1.. C Selected Answers

144 B 41. linear 4. linear ft d 9. about.4 s Distance (ft) V 5s ; V d 16t Time (s) V 5s 1 4 t s 49. 4a and a and ; d and d Pages Lesson 1-1. Sample answer: 6a a b 10b. ; the others are like terms. 5. simplest form w 8w 11. g 7g 8 1. simplest form 15. 8f 11g 17. j k a 6a 5. w 7w z r 7r 1. t 8t 7t r 150r D maimum; (0, 5) No; the difference between the times varies, so the growth is not constant. 47. (n 5n) (5 1) 49. ( 6 ) (4 8) Pages Lesson Sample answer:,. h t t f f s s m m c j 4j d 1. 6n 5n v 7. 5m 4m 4 9. b b 5 1. ; z; a b; the sum of two numbers minus one of its addends is equal to the other addend ; simplest form 47. 4q 5q $ $ (7) (5) Pages Lesson , 8, 9; Karen; Yoshi did not add the additive inverse of the entire second polnomial. 5. 5c c p 9. n n a 6 Selected Answers Selected Answers 741

145 1. 5w 15. 5b 5b a 1. 5k 9k 0. r r z ; ; ;. 5b 5t 5. b t A 5, B units 45. 6v v C 80R Pages Lesson false; 4(5 ) 5 (4) 0. equal a 5 9. c b w k 1. 8a b n or 100 times greater 41. about 10 times or 100 people/mi or a 5 b c a5 or b c 51. G 5. a 55. A 5B C D ; 5; n 16 Pages Lesson Sample answer: and ; m 5m g 5g 9g 9. r 9r 11. 9b 6b 1. 6d 0d 15. 4h 18h 17. e 77e t 5t 9t. 8r r 16r 5. ( 4); a Pages Chapter 1 Stud Guide and Review 1. false; polnomial. false; add 5. true 7. nonlinear; power of is greater than d 1.5 s Distance (ft) 4 1. simplest form 15. 5a a m m c k 5k c p 6p 1. 10k 6k 16k t 9. A ; Selected Answers d 16t Time (s) A A Selected Answers

146 Photo Credits Cover (tl b)peter Read Miller/Sports Illustrated, (tr)photodisc; i Peter Read Miller/Sports Illustrated; iv v Aaron Haupt; i John D. Norman/CRBIS; ii Bob Daemmrich/Stock Boston; iii Paul A. Souders/CRBIS; iv CRBIS; v Cdne Conger/CRBIS; vii Mike Yamashita/Woodfin Camp & Associates; viii Slvain Grandadam/Gett Images; i Douglas Peebles/CRBIS; DiMaggio/Kalish/ CRBIS; i PhotoDisc; iii John Evans; iv (t)photodisc, (b)john Evans; v (t bl)photodisc, (br)john Evans; vi John Evans; Peter Cade/Gett Images; 4 5 Stephen Frink/CRBIS; 7 Ed Bock/CRBIS; 9 W. Cod/CRBIS; 15 (l)aaron Haupt/Photo Researchers, (r)yva Momatiuk/Photo Researchers; 18 Skip Comer/Latent Image, (bkgd) Cind Kassab/CRBIS; 1 Joe Mazzeo/AJGA; 7 David Young-Wolff/PhotoEdit; 0 James Westwater; John Evans; 4 Chris McLaughlin/CRBIS; 6 File Photo; 9 C Squared Studios/PhotoDisc; 40 John D. Norman/ CRBIS; 4 (l)photodisc, (r)john Evans; 48 Women s National Basketball Association; 50 Photowood/CRBIS; 51 Aaron Haupt; Courtes Paramount s Kings Island; 6 Bud Lehnhausen/Photo Researchers; 64 Doug Martin; 65 Patricia Fogden/CRBIS; 67 Matt Meadows; 68 Courtes Paramount Canada s Wonderland, Paramount Parks, Inc.; 70 AP/Wide World Photos; 7 CRBIS; 74 Matt Meadows; 75 Crawford Greenewalt/VIRE; 76 CRBIS; 78 Aaron Haupt; 79 (t)courtes Jo McCult/hio State Universit, (b)tom Young/CRBIS; 80 (t)george McCarth/CRBIS, (b)dennis Johnson/Papilio/CRBIS; 8 Julie Houck/Stock Boston; 87 John Evans; 88 And Sacks/Gett Images; 91 CRBIS; 9 Tom Brakefield/CRBIS; 9 Elaine Thompson/AP/Wide World Photos; 96 Matt Meadows; 101 W.H. Freeman & Co.; 104 Flash! Light/Stock Boston; 105 Rafael Macia/Photo Researchers; 106 Bill Amend/ Distributed b Universal Press Sndicate; 107 Bob Daemmrich/Stock Boston; Michael Howell/Inde Stock; 118 Bill Amend/Distributed b Universal Press Sndicate; 11 Charles Rear/CRBIS; 1 (l)john Evans, (r)matt Meadows; 17 Paul A. Souders/CRBIS; 11 John Evans; 1 Wolfgang Kaehler/CRBIS; 14 Aaron Haupt; Rob Gage/Gett Images; Michael Simpson/Gett Images; 157 Peter Heimsath/Re USA; Doug Martin; 167 Bettmann/CRBIS; 170 Doug Martin; 171 Matt Meadows; 175 John Evans; 176 (l)j. Strange/KS Studios, (r)john Evans; 18 John Evans; 18 Tai/Gett Images; 185 Doug Martin; 186 M.I. Walker/ Photo Researchers; 187 CRBIS; 188 Johnn Hart/Creators Sndicate, Inc.; 190 Reuters/Gett Images News & Sport; 195 Nick Koudis/PhotoDisc; 197 National Galler of Art/ Collection of Mr. & Mrs. Paul Mellon; Harr How/Gett Images; 07 Hulton-Deutsch Collection/ CRBIS; 10 Cdne Conger/CRBIS; 1 Darl Benson/ Masterfile; 17 Joseph Sohm/Vision of America/CRBIS; 18 Image Bank/Gett Images; 0 Stephen Simpson/Gett Images; 5 John Evans; 6 (l)laura Sefferlin, (r)matt Meadows; 9 Laurence Fordce/Ee Ubiquitous/CRBIS; 1 Alan Schein/CRBIS; David Muench/CRBIS; 5 (l)r. Kord/H. Armstrong Roberts, (r)steve Vidler/ SuperStock; 6 Underwood & Underwood/CRBIS; 8 Matt Meadows; 4 Aaron Haupt; 4 Bettmann CRBIS; 5 5 Flip Chalfant/Gett Images; Gar Rhijnsburger/Masterfile; 58 Aaron Haupt; 65 AP/Wide World Photos; 68 (l)art Resource, NY, (r)courtes Greece Cultural Minister; 70 Aaron Haupt; 75 Art Resource, NY; 76 (l)aaron Haupt, (r)john Evans; 79 Aaron Haupt; 81 Michael & Patricia Fogden/CRBIS; 8 Doug Martin; 84 CRBIS; 85 John Evans; 87 Doug Martin; 88 Courtes Boston Bruins; 89 (t)doug Martin, (c)scott Kim, (b)national Council of Teachers of Mathematics; 90 Darrell Gulin/CRBIS; 9 Art Resource, NY; 99 (t)burstein Collection/CRBIS, (b)robert Brons/ BPS/Gett Images; 01 Courtes Ramona Maston/ FolkArt.com; 04 Cordon Art-Baarn-Holland; 09 Aaron Haupt; 1 1 Aaron Haupt; 16 David Young-Wolff/ PhotoEdit; 1 Jonathan Nourok/PhotoEdit; Aaron Haupt; 4 (l)john Evans, (r)brent Turner; 8 Doug Martin; 1 Craig Kramer; Doug Martin; 4 (l)biophoto Associates/Photo Researchers, (c)e.b. Turner, (r)stephen Frisch/Stock Boston; 9 Inga Spence/Inde Stock; 41 John Evans; 4 John Elk III/Stock Boston; 48 Ton Freeman/PhotoEdit; 5 (t)heathcliff Malle/The Dail Telegraph, (b)biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milan/Art Resource, NY; 54 Mike Yamashita/Woodfin Camp & Associates; 58 (t)king Features Sndicate, (b)studiohio; PhotoDisc; 7 7 DUM/CRBIS; 74 Aaron Haupt; 77 James Balog/Gett Images; 78 Laura Sifferlin; 81 Bettmann/CRBIS; 8 PhotoDisc; 84 Aaron Haupt; 86 CRBIS; 87 Ronald Martinez/Gett Images; 89 And Sacks/Gett Images; 90 KS Studios; 91 Aaron Haupt; 95 John Evans; 97 Slvain Grandadam/Gett Images; 401 LWA-Dann Tardif/CRBIS; 40 Mark Thaer; 406 Cooperphoto/CRBIS; 407 Doug Martin; 408 Aaron Haupt; Gett Images; 418 Laura Sifferlin; 47 Francis G. Maer/CRBIS; 41 Gett Images; 4 KS Studios; 47 AFP/CRBIS; 441 John Evans; 44 Matt Meadows; 44 Jacques M. Chenet/CRBIS; 445 PhotoDisc; 447 Geoff Butler; 451 AFP/CRBIS; 454 Martin B. Withers/ Frank Lane Picture Librar/CRBIS; 456 AFP/CRBIS; Lonnie Duka/Inde Stock Imager; Bob Winsett/CRBIS; 471 DiMaggio/Kalish/CRBIS; 474 Aaron Haupt; 477 CRBIS; 480 Aaron Haupt; 481 Cris Cole/Allsport/Gett Images; 484 Westlight Stock/Z Production/CRBIS; 487 Doug Martin; John Evans; 49 Doug Martin; 496 John Evans; 499 Aaron Haupt; 500 Doug Martin; 50 Aaron Haupt; EeWire; 514 Aaron Haupt; 515 Ken Redding/CRBIS; 517 Kathi Lamm/Gett Images; 518 Robert Brenner/PhotoEdit, Inc.; 5 Paul M. Walsh/The Morning Journal/AP/Wide World Photos; 51 John Evans; 54 Juan Silva/Gett Images; Laura Sifferlin; 540 Phil Schermeister/CRBIS; 541 Barbara Stitzer/PhotoEdit, Inc.; 54 CRBIS; 545 Ron Fehling/Masterfile; 547 PhotoDisc; 549 EeWire; 551 Banknotes.com; DUM/CRBIS; 560 Doug Martin; 561 Elise Amendola/AP/Wide World Photos; 566 Lance Nelson/CRBIS; 567 Michael S. Yamashita/CRBIS; 570 CRBIS; 57 Aaron Haupt; 579 John Evans; 581 Doug Martin; 58 Frank Lerner; 584 CRBIS; 585 Mug Shots/CRBIS; 586 Burhan zbilici/ AP/Wide World Photos; 588 Laura Sifferlin; 598 Peter Read Miller/Sports Illustrated; 686 Jeff Smith/Fotosmith Photo Credits Photo Credits 74

147 Inde Inde A Abscissa. See -coordinate Absolute value, 19 on a number line, 19 smbol, 19 Acute angle, 56 Acute triangle, 5 Addend, Addition, Associative Propert of, 1 Commutative Propert of, 1 fractions, 8, 88 Identit Propert of, 1 integers, 5 Inverse Propert of, 5 phrases indicating, 9 polnomials, 574, 575 solving equations, 45 Addition Propert of Equalit, 46 Additive inverse, 76 Additive Inverse Propert, 5 Additive inverses, 5. See also pposites Adjacent angles, 56 Algebra equations, 1, 40, 45 47, 50, 51, 9, 9, 474, 478, 479 equivalent epressions, 469 evaluating epressions, 11 1, 19, 7, 98, functions, 517, 518, 5, 5, 560, 561, 565, 566 graphing linear equations, 5, 54, 544, 545 graphing quadratic functions, 565, 566 inequalities, 18, 49, 49, 496, linear equations, 54 monomial, 570 multipling monomials and polnomials, 590 open sentence, 1 percent equation, polnomials, adding, subtracting, product of powers, 584 quotient of powers, 585 solving equations, 45 46, 50 51, 9, 9, 117, , 479, 484, 485, 544, 545 solving inequalities, 49, 496, 497, solving proportions, 170, 171 sstems of linear equations, 544, 545 tiles, 468, 569 translating from verbal sentences, 40 variables, 11, 9, 518 writing equations, 1, 40, 45 47, 9, 474, 478, 479 writing epressions, 9 writing inequalities, 49 Algebraic equations. See Equations Algebraic epressions, 11 1, 9, calculating, 1 coefficients, 470 constants, 470 equivalent, 469 evaluating, 11, 7 order of operations, 11 simplest form, 471 simplifing, 471 terms, 470 like, 470 translating from verbal phrases, 9, 71 with eponents, 1 Alternate eterior angles, 58 Alternate interior angles, 58 Altitude parallelogram, 14 trapezoid, 15 triangle, 15 Angle of rotation. See Smmetr Angles acute, 56 adjacent, 56 alternate eterior, 58 alternate interior, 58 base, 6 bisecting, 66 central, classifing, 57 complementar, 48, 56 congruent, 179 constructing, 61 corresponding, 178, 179, 58 drawing, 615 measuring, 615 obtuse, 56 right, 56 straight, 56 sum in a polgon, 78 sum in a quadrilateral, 7 sum in a triangle, 6 supplementar, 56 vertical, 56 Applications. See also Interdisciplinar Connections; Real-Life Careers; Real-Life Math advertising, 16, 45, 54 aerial skiing, 481 age, 49 aircraft cruise speed, 7 algebra, 64, 7, 74, 79, 80, 85, 91, 95, 99, 100, 107, 117, 118, 119, 11, 1, 16, 147, 60, 75, 8, 17,, 8 alphabet, 88 animals, 5, 76, 199, 1, 1, 19, 0, 40,, 497, 517 aquarium, 177 archaeolog, 19, 14 architectural drawings,, architecture, 5, 189, 197, 5,,, 4 auto racing, 4 bab-sitting, 10, 50 bacteria growth, 100 baking, 8, 18, 7 Bald Eagle population, 16 balloons, 688 ballpark capacities, 107 band, 50 banking, 48 baseball, 1, 64, 65, 107, 06,, 79 baseball team income, 1 basketball, 48, 9, 4, 419, 4, 561 basketball scoring averages, 48 batting average, 65 battle lines, 69 biccles, 80, 41 birds, 16, 81, 504 boating, 08 book sale, 474 bridge building, 65 building, 7, 687 building heights, 5 business, 4, 01, 49, 411, 59 bus travel, 50 cake decoration, 67 camp, 589 camping, 1, 50 cand, 56, 164 card games, 6 cards, 57, 94 car loans, 4 carpentr, 69, 58 car rental, 490, Inde

148 cars, 44, 158, 07,, 419, 450, 581, 589 car sales, 4 cartoons, 106, 58 cat teeth, 41 cellular phones, 41 charit walk, 1 chess, 96 child care, 555 chocolate, 44 circus, 67 clothing, 85, 405 clubs, 7, 547 cockroach lengths, 79 college savings, 41 comic books, 7 comics, 188 computers, 507 concerts, 40 construction, 678 converting units of measure, 8 cookies, 57 cooking, 109, 79, 690, 691 coping, 56 corporate logos, 87 craft fairs, 487 cricket chirps, 14 crstals, 1, 4 currenc conversions, 95 decorating, 66 depth of a submersible, 8 design, 197, 7, 89, 9, 09, 489 dessert, 6 digital clock displa, 177 dining, 15, 489 dinosaurs, 106 discounts, 487 dispensers, 7 diving, 481 driving, 49 earthquakes, 586 education, 58, 541 elections, 408, 44 elephant food consumption, 5 elevations and temperatures, 17 elevators, 6, 494 energ, 80, 08, 49 entertainment, 19, 87, 91, 406 environment, 07 eercise, 166, 457, 461 ees, 195 fabric design, 0 fairs, 190, 549 famil, 44, 98, 496 farming, 146, 7, 9, 401 fast food, 164, 58 festivals, 554 field trip, 9 fines, 480 firefighting, 9, 684 fitness, 494 flags, 188, 84, 8 floor plans, 184 folk art, 01 food, 9, 74, 85, 88, 101, 14, 1, 8, 84, 40, 40, 409, 411, 40, 49, 4, 440, 44, 448, 471, 489, 514, 54, 56, 691 food drives, 487 football, 6,, 5, 41, 47 freezing points, 1 fund-raising, 97, 47, 479, 507, 58 games, 18, 46, 74, 76, 79, 81, 91, 96, 41, 480 gardening, 7, 17, 50, 59 gas mileage, 158, 449 geometr, 48, 85, 101, 119, 18, 18, 19, 140, 148, 149, 164, 18, 01, 14, 7, 77, 5, 55, 61, 77, 88, 90, 489, 490, 499, 515, 50, 54, 59, 56, 54, 550, 55, 56, 568, 576, 577, 58, 587, 589, 59, 595 gift wrapping, 5 glass, 54 global positioning sstem, 145 golden rectangle, 11 golf, 48, 56, 44 golf scores, 1, 48 grades, 44, 494, 506 grasshopper lengths, 80 gmnastics, 17, 159 hair loss, 7 heartbeats, 41 heights, 8, 160 hiking, 7, 145 hobbies, 9, 160, 197, 00, 48, 589 holidas, 78 home entertainment, 478 home improvement, 9, 684 hot-air balloons, 547 house construction, 140 housing, 4 human bod proportions, 17 hummingbird sizes, 75 ice cream, 45 ice cream production, 85 insects, 14, 498 interior design, 75 investments, 44 Japanese famil crests, 88 jeans, 44 jobs, 546 kitchens, 99 kites, 1 lake areas, 107 lake depths, 0 lakes, 190, 540 landfills, 07 landmarks, 190 landmass of continents, 80 landscaping, 149, 16, 688 languages, 104 largest forest areas, 419 laundr, 77 law enforcement, 19 lawn care, lawn service, 5 libraries, 167, 4 lighthouses, 17 logging, 177 logos, 87 mail, 16, 00 manufacturing, 4, 409 map scale, 14 marching band, 119 marketing, 14, 8, 98, 401, 409 masks, 9 measurement, 5, 17, 77, 66, 8, 56, 679, 680, 68 medicine concentration, 10 microwaves, 688 minimum wage, 49 modeling, 140 model trains, 185 mone, 5, 44, 55, 94, 177, 198, 77, 5, 494, 570 mone matters, 7, 6, 40, 44, 49, 79, 489, 55, 58, 545, 548 monuments, 9, 566 mountain climbing, 55 movies, 177, 18, 186, 1, 444, 450, 47, 486, 494 music sales, 7 music trends, 7 national monument, 190 national parks, 4 nature, 87 numbers, 107 number sense, 8 number theor, 14, 7, 411, 489 nutrition, 170 nutrition labels, 74 oceanograph, 4 online time, 44 packaging, 9 painting, 9 parking, 165, 60, 589 parking spaces, 60 part planning, 9, 199, 50 part supplies, 5 pendulum length, 97 people, 17, personal fitness, 480 perspective in art, 197 pet ownership, 15 pets, 08, 10, 45, 589 phone service, 480 photograph, 70, 75, 90 pizza, plants, 50 Inde Inde 745

149 Inde pool, 60, 50 pool maintenance, 169 pools, 8 pool shots, 60 population, 5, 06, 1, 1, 97, 444, 587 probabilit, 8 purchases, 75 quilting, 70, 79 racing, 567 radio audiences, 445 radio listening, 49, 445 real estate, 4 recreation, 95, 184, 489 recreation area visitors, 95 reccled products, 67 reccling, 67, 17 remodeling, 688 repairs, 190 reptiles, 51 restaurants, 494 roads, 46, 504 road signs, 89 rocketr, 560 roller coasters, 68, 451, 5, 691 roofs, 54 safet, 49 salaries, 45 sales, 44, 409 sales ta, savings, 169, 65, 55, 57 savings accounts, 41 school, 80, 97, 14, 0, 1, 7, 47, 61, 8, 91, 40, 407, 408, 40, 451, 460, 461, 550, 58, 587 school enrollment, 541 school supplies, 9 school trip, 477 scuba diving, 6 set design, 65 shadows, 19 shipping, 95 shopping, 10, 158, 8, 47, 477, 494, 500 sight distances, 17 signs, 49 skateboarding, 17, 48 skiing, 70, 481, 515 skdiving, 577 sleep, 79 soccer, 87 soft drinks, 5 sound, 585 space, 94, 107, 119, 187 spiders, 187 sports, 44, 54, 84, 15, 159, 177, 06, 77, 88,, 40, 6, 86, 87, 99, 40, 40, 419, 456, 461, 484, 506, 691 sports injuries, 44 states, 8 statistics, 547, 551 stickers, 589 store displa, 177 storm distance, 7 surveing, 189, 61, 680, 684 smmetr of diatoms, 99 tables, 5 taes, 40 television, 7, 1, 495 television screens, 19 television viewers, 7 temperature, 16, 59 temperature change, 7 tennis, 48 testing, 494 thunderstorm duration, 19 time, 107, 1 tourism, 177 towers, 190, 589 tos, 405 trail mi, 156 transportation, 684 travel, 10,, 41, 97, 105, 16, 14, 145, 157, 07, 14, 8, 5, 59, 544, 551, 555 trees, 1 triangles, 88 urban population, 1 U.S. population, 77 vacation, 480 vacation das, 45 vehicular speeds, 19 viewing stars, 100 visitors to the U.S.A, 105 volcano, 44 volleball, 19 voting, 49 water, 00 waterfall, 567 water management, 91, 97 weather, 18, 6, 7, 1, 7, 48, 55, 19, 46, 77, 76, 4, 445, 454, 495 whale watching, 6 wildfires, 446 wind chill, 1 work, 8, 50, 577 work hours, 8 world population growth, 5 earbook, 18 zoo, 190 zookeeper, 518 zoolog, 58 Approimatel equal (), 11 Area. See also Surface area circles, 0, 1 comple figures, 6, 7 effect of changing dimensions, 18 parallelograms, 14, 15 rectangles, 61 trapezoids, 15, 16 triangles, 15 Arithmetic sequences, 51 Assessment. See also Prerequisite Skills, Standardized Test Practice Mid-Chapter Practice Test,, 86, 10, 174, 4, 84, 40, 94, 440, 490, 50, 578 Practice Test, 57, 111, 149, 01, 49, 09, 67, 41, 461, 507, 555, 595 Associative Propert of Addition, 1 of Multiplication, 1, 5 Average, 6. See also Mean B Bar graphs, 60 double, 60 Bar notation, 6 Base, 98 of a cone, 4 parallelogram, 14 in percents. See Percents of a prism, 1 of a pramid, 1 trapezoid, 15 triangle, 15 Base ten numbers, 10 Base two numbers. See Binar numbers Benchmark. See Estimating Best-fit line, 540 Biased sample, 407 Binar numbers, Boundar, 548 Bo-and-whisker plots, 446, 447 shape of distribution, 447 C Calculator, 1, 6, 64, 67, 99, 105, 117, 11, 19, 0, 85 Capacit changing customar units, changing metric units, Inde

150 Careers. See Real-Life Careers Celsius temperature, 648 Center of a circle, 19 Center of rotation, 00 Central tendenc. See Measures of central tendenc Circle graphs, 46, 47 Circles, 19 area, 0, 1 central angle, chord, circumference, 19, 0 diameter, 19 radius, 19 Circumference, 19, 0 effect of changing dimensions, Closure Propert, 8 Clustering, 600 Coefficient, 470 Columns (of a matri), 454 Combinations, counting, 88 notation, 89 Pascal s triangle, 9 Common denominator, 88 least, 88 Common difference, 51 Common ratio, 51 Commutative Propert of Addition, 1 of Multiplication, 1 Comparing and ordering absolute value, 1, decimals, fractions, 67 integers, 18 percents, 1 rational numbers, 67 real numbers, 17 scientific notation, 105 Compatible numbers, 8, 600 Complementar angles, 48, 56 Complementar events, 75 Comple figures, 6 area, 6, 7 Comple solids, 7 volume, 7 Composite numbers, 609 Composite shapes. See Comple figures Compound events, 96, 97 Compound interest, 45 Cones, 4 surface area, 5 volume, 4 Congruent, 179 smbol for (), 179 Congruent polgons, 79, 80 Conjecture, 7 Constant, 470 Constructed Response. See Preparing for Standardized Tests Constructions bisecting an angle, 66 congruent triangles, 8 parallel lines, 61 perpendicular bisector, 71 Contraction. See Dilations Convenience sample, 407 Converse, 14 Converse of the Pthagorean Theorem, 14 Conversions. See Metric sstem and Customar sstem Coordinate plane, 14, 614 distance, 14 graphing points on, 614 ordered pairs, 14, 614 origin, 14 quadrants, 14 transformations on, 194, 90, 96, 97, 01 -ais, 14 -ais, 14 Coordinates, 18, 14. See also rdered pairs -coordinate, 14 -coordinate, 14 Coordinate sstem. See Coordinate plane Corresponding angles, 58 Cosine, 19, 681 Countereample, 1 15 Counting, 80, 81 combinations, 88 fundamental principle, 81 permutations, 84 tree diagrams, 80 Critical Thinking, 10, 15, 1, 7, 1, 8, 4, 49, 5, 66, 70, 75, 80, 85, 91, 95, 101, 107, 119, 1, 19, 16, 140, 145, 159, 164, 169, 17, 18, 187, 191, 197, 09, 14, 19,, 1, 5, 40, 44, 60, 65, 70, 75, 8, 89, 94, 99, 0, 18,, 9, 4, 9, 45, 51, 55, 6, 77, 8, 87, 91, 99, 40, 409, 44, 49, 4, 48, 445, 449, 45, 457, 47, 477, 481, 487, 495, 499, 515, 50, 55, 59, 56, 54, 547, 551, 56, 568, 57, 577, 58, 587, 59, 680, 684, 688, 691 Cross products, 170 Cross section, 51 Cube root, 1 Customar Sstem, 604, 605 capacit units, 604 conversions, 5, length units, 604 weight units, 604 Clinders, 6 surface area, 48, 49 volume, 6 D Data bar graphs, 60 bo-and-whisker plots, 446, 447 choosing appropriate displas, 40, 41, 60 circle graphs, 46, 47 compare two sets of data, 41, 447 double bar graphs, 60 double line graphs, 60 frequenc tables, 418 histograms, 40, 41, 45 interpret data, 41, 47, 447 line graphs, 60 maps, 44 mean, 45 measures of central tendenc (See Measures of central tendenc) measures of variation (See Measures of variation) median, 45 misleading graphs, 450 mode, 45 outliers, 44 scatter plot, 59 stem-and-leaf plots, 60 summar of statistical displas, 40 Data Updates. See Internet Connections Decimals repeating, 6 terminating, 6 writing as percents, 11 Inde Inde 747

151 Inde Definition Map, 95 Deductive reasoning, 76 Dependent events, 97 Diagnose Readiness. See Prerequisite Skills Diameter, 19 Difference, 8. See also Subtraction Dilations, 194, 195 Dimensional analsis, 7, 78 Dimensions (of a matri), 454 Discount, 8 Discrete Mathematics. See Combinations, Counting, Permutations, Probabilit, Sequences, Statistics Distance on coordinate plane, 14, 14 Distance Formula, 5, 7 Distributive Propert, 1 Dividend, 5 Divisibilit patterns, 608 Divisible, 608 Division, 5 integers, 5, 6 monomials, 585 phrases indicating, 9 rational numbers, solving equations, 50 written as multiplication, 5 Division Propert of Equalit, 50 Domain, 518 E Edge, 1 Elements (of a matri), 454 Equalit Addition Propert, 46 Division Propert, 50 Multiplication Propert, 51 Subtraction Propert, 45 Equals sign (), 1 Equations, 1, 45, 9 addition and subtraction, 45 47, 9 ke words, 40 linear graphing, 54 multiplication and division, 50, 51, 9 open sentences, 1 with rational numbers, 9 solving, 45, 50, 9, 9, 117 with square roots, 117 two-step, , 479 with variables on each side, sstems, 544 graphing, 544, 545 solving b graphing, 544 solving b substitution, 545 two-step, 474 writing two-step, 478, 479 Equilateral triangle, 5 Equivalent epressions, 469 Estimating area of a circle, 1 area of a square, 61 cube roots, 1 irrational numbers, percents, 8, 9 perimeter of a square, 61 pi, 19 square roots, strategies clustering, 600 compatible numbers, 600 front-end, 601 rounding, 600 volume, 6 Evaluate, 11, 98 Events. See Probabilit Eperimental probabilit, 400, 401 Eponential functions. See functions Eponents, 98, 99 negative, 99 zero, 99 Epressions. See also Algebraic epressions with absolute value, 19 algebraic, 11 evaluating, 11 numerical, 11 with powers, 98 Etended Response. See Preparing for Standardized Tests and Standardized Test Practice Etrapolating from data. See Predicting F Factorial (n!), 85 Factors, 4, 98 Factor tree, 609 Fahrenheit temperature, 648 Fibonacci sequence, 516 Find the Error, 0, 41, 74, 84, 118, 11, 15, 168, 186, 1, 18,, 9, 81, 0, 17, 7, 76, 86, 98, 47, 448, 476, 50, 519, 58, 550, 576, 58, 591, 688 Foldables Stud rganizer Area and Volume, 1 Equations and Inequalities, 467 Geometr, 55 Integers and Equations, 5 Linear Functions, 511 Nonlinear Functions, 559 Percent, 05 Probabilit, 7 Rational Numbers, 61 Real Numbers and the Pthagorean Theorem, 115 Statistics and Matrices, 417 Using Proportions, 155 Formulas. See Rates, Measurement, Interest Four-step problem-solving plan, 6 8, 4, 96, 1, 176, 6, 76, 4, 78, 418, 488, 57, 588 Fractions, 6. See also Rational numbers adding like fractions, 8 unlike fractions, 88 dividing, 77 multipling, 71 negative, 7 simplifing, 611 subtracting like fractions, 8 unlike fractions, 88 writing as percents, 07, 11 written as decimals, 6 Free Response. See Preparing for Standardized Tests Frequenc tables, 418 Front-end estimation, 601 Frustum, 55 Functions, 517, 518 cubic, 568 dependent variable, 518 domain, 518 eponential, 560 function table, 518 graphing,, 51 5 identifing linear and nonlinear, 561 independent variable, 518 input, 517 linear, 5, 5 graphing, 5 slope-intercept form, 5, Inde

152 -intercept, 5 -intercept, 5 nonlinear, 560, 561. See also Functions, quadratic bacterial growth, 100, 57 compound interest, 45 output, 517 quadratic, 560, 565 graphing, 565, 566 range, 518 rule, 517 Fundamental Counting Principle, 81 Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, 609 G Game Zone algebra tiles, 579 building solids from views, 41 classifing polgons, 85 comparing integers, equivalent fractions, percents, and decimals, 5 estimating square roots, 11 graphing linear functions, 51 identifing proportions, 175 mean and median, 441 probabilit, 95 solving two-step equations, 491 using fractions, 87 GCF. See Greatest Common Factor (GCF) Geometric sequences, 51 Geometr. See Angles; Area; Circles; Constructions; Lines; Perimeter; Polgons; Quadrilaterals; Transformations; Triangles Golden ratio, 18 Golden rectangle, 11, 18 Graphing. See also Number line families of linear graphs, 5 families of quadratic functions, 56 integers, 18 linear equations, 5 55 linear inequalities, on a coordinate plane, 614 real numbers, 16 relationships,, 51 sstems of equations, 544 using slope-intercept form, 54 Graphing Calculator Investigation families of linear graphs, 5 families of quadratic functions, 564 histograms, 45 scatter plots, 54 simulations, 404 Graphs. See also Data bar graph, 60 double, 60 bo-and-whisker plots, choosing appropriate, 60 circle, line graph, 60 double, 60 misleading, scatter plots, stem-and-leaf plots, 60 sstems of equations, Greater than (), 18, 67 Greatest Common Factor (GCF), 610 Greatest possible error, 6 Grid In. See Preparing for Standardized Tests and Standardized Test Practice Gridded Response. See Preparing for Standardized Tests Grouping smbols, 11 fraction bar, 1 H Half plane, 548 Hands-n Lab algebra tiles, 468 angles of polgons, 78 binar numbers, 10 bisecting angles, 66 building three-dimensional figures, 0 combinations and Pascal s Triangle, 9, 9 constructing congruent triangles, 8 constructing perpendicular bisectors, 71 equations with variables on each side, 48 the Fibonacci sequence, 516 the Golden Rectangle, 18 graphing data, graphing irrational numbers, 141 graphing relationships, 51 maps and statistics, 44 modeling epressions with algebra tiles, 569 nets, 46 tessellations, 04, 05 trigonometr, 19 Hands-n Mini Lab angle measures for intersecting lines, 56 angles of a triangle, 6 estimating square roots, 10 eperimental probabilit, 400 finding a pattern, 6 finding a relationship, 11, 116 making solids b folding, 4 measuring circumference, 19 modeling addition of polnomials, 574 modeling multiplication of polnomials, 590 modeling percents, 16 modeling subtraction of polnomials, 580 multipling fractions, 71 patterns and sequences, 51 permutations, 84 quadratic functions, 565 scatter plots, 59 similar triangles, 178 slope and -intercept, 5 slope of a line, 56 solving equations, 45 special right triangles, 67 subtracting integers, 8 smmetr, 86 verifing the Pthagorean Theorem, 1 Histograms, Homework Help, 9, 14, 0, 6, 0, 7, 41, 48, 5, 65, 69, 74, 79, 84, 90, 94, 100, 106, 118, 1, 18, 15, 19, 144, 158, 16, 168, 17, 181, 186, 190, 196, 08, 1, 18,, 0, 4, 9, 4, 59, 64, 69, 74, 81, 88, 9, 98, 0, 17,, 8,, 8, 44, 50, 54, 61, 76, 8, 86, 90, 98, 40, 408, 4, 48, 4, 47, 444, 448, 45, 456, 47, 477, 480, 486, 494, 498, 50, 514, 519, 54, 58, 55, 541, 546, 550, 56, 567, 57, 576, 58, 586, 59, 680, 684, 688, 691 Horizontal number line, 14 Hpotenuse, 1 finding the length, 1 Hpothesis, 405 I Identit Propert of Addition, 1 of Multiplication, 1, 50 Independent events, 96 Indirect measurement, shadow reckoning, 188 Inductive Reasoning, 76 Inde Inde 749

153 Inde Inequalities, 18, 49, 49 graphing, 49, 497, greater than, 18 less than, 18 linear, 548 boundar, 548 graphing, phrases for, 49 properties addition and subtraction, 496 multiplication and division b a negative number, 501 multiplication and division b a positive number, 500 solving b adding or subtracting, 496, 497 b multipling or dividing, two-step, 50 writing, 49 Input. See Functions Integers, 17 19, 6 adding different signs, 4 same sign, comparing, 18 dividing, 6 multipling different signs, 4 same sign, 5 negative, 17 opposites, 19, 5, 8 ordering, 18 positive, 17 for real-life situations, 17 subtracting, 8 written as a set, 17 zero, 17 Intercepts, 5 Interdisciplinar connections. See also Applications art, 159, 197, 68, 89, 99, 681 astronom, 587 biolog, 66, 75, 79, 80, 100, 0, 57, 688 civics, 157 ecolog, 7 geograph, 17, 0, 40, 80, 1, 16, 19, 08, 09, 1, 8,, 18, 419, 4, 46, 459 government, 8 health, 41, 106, 14,, 5, 51, 499, 504 histor, 41, 70, 75, 91, 117, 1, 17, 69, 5, 6, 77, 41, 47, 49, 448 life science, 7, 41, 171, 17, 186, 99, 449, 587 literature, 101 music, 4, 90, 97, 161, 08, 09, 99, 09, 89, 45 phsical education, 47 reading, 5, 79, 489 science, 1, 54, 97, 107, 1, 14, 09, 405, 55, 584, 589, 59 social studies, 185 space science, 191, 56 technolog, 97, 145, 177, 06, 47, 489 theater, 66 Interdisciplinar project. See WebQuest Interest compound, 45 principal, 41 rate, 41 simple, Internet Connections msmath.net/careers, 51, 64, 17, 171, 4, 58, 16, 401, 447, 479, 518, 581 msmath.net/chapter_readiness, 5, 61, 115, 155, 05, 55, 1, 7, 417, 467, 511, 559 msmath.net/chapter_test, 57, 111, 149, 01, 49, 09, 67, 41, 461, 507, 555, 595 msmath.net/data_update, 7, 49, 107, 145, 164, 4, 87, 449, 504, 56 msmath.net/etra_eamples, 7, 19, 5, 9, 5, 9, 47, 51, 6, 67, 7, 77, 8, 89, 9, 99, 105, 117, 11, 17, 1, 17, 14, 157, 161, 167, 171, 179, 185, 189, 195, 07, 11, 17, 1, 9,, 7, 41, 57, 6, 67, 7, 80, 87, 91, 97, 01, 15, 1, 7, 1, 7, 4, 49, 5, 59, 75, 81, 85, 89, 97, 401, 407, 41, 47, 41, 46, 44, 447, 451, 455, 471, 475, 479, 485, 49, 497, 501, 51, 517, 5, 57, 5, 59, 545, 549, 561, 565, 571, 575, 581, 585, 591 msmath.net/other_calculator_ kestrokes, 404, 45, 5, 54, 564 msmath.net/reading, 11, 6, 116, 166, 16, 56, 6, 84, 40, 469, 517, 570 msmath.net/self_check_quiz, 9, 15, 1, 7, 1, 7, 41, 49, 5, 65, 69, 75, 79, 85, 91, 95, 101, 107, 119, 1, 19, 15, 19, 145, 159, 16, 169, 17, 181, 187, 191, 197, 09, 1, 19,, 1, 5, 9, 4, 59, 65, 69, 74, 81, 89, 9, 99, 0, 17,, 9,, 9, 45, 51, 55, 61, 77, 8, 87, 91, 99, 40, 409, 4, 49, 4, 47, 445, 449, 45, 457, 47, 477, 481, 487, 495, 499, 50, 515, 519, 55, 59, 55, 541, 547, 551, 56, 567, 57, 577, 58, 587, 59 msmath.net/standardized_test, 59, 11, 151, 0, 51, 11, 69, 415, 46, 509, 557, 597 msmath.net/vocabular_review, 54, 108, 146, 198, 46, 06, 6, 410, 458, 505, 55, 59 msmath.net/webquest,, 145, 15, 44, 5, 6, 71, 457, 465, 59 Interpolating from data. See Predicting Interquartile range, 44 Inverse operations, 46 Inverse Propert of Addition, 5 of Multiplication, 76 Investigations. See Graphing Calculator Investigation; Hands-n Lab; Hands-n Mini Lab; Spreadsheet Investigation Irrational numbers, 15 estimate, 11 1 graphing, 141 on a number line, 11 web, 15 Irregular figures. See Comple figures Irregular polgons, 78 Isosceles triangle, 5 L Labs. See Hands-n Lab and Hands-n Mini Lab Lateral area, 5 Lateral face, 5 LCD. See Least common denominator LCM. See Least common multiple Least common denominator (LCD), 88 Least common multiple (LCM), 88, 61 of the denominators, 88. See also Least common denominator Legs, 1 finding the length, Inde

154 Length changing customar units, 604 changing metric units, 606 Less than (), 18, 67 Like fractions, 8 Like terms, 470 Linear equations. See Equations Linear functions. See Functions Linear inequalities. See Inequalities Line graphs, 60 double, 60 Line plot, 40 Lines. See also Functions; Slope best-fit line, 540 intersecting, 544 midpoint, 145 parallel, 57 perpendicular, 57 of reflection, 90 skew, 4 of smmetr, 86 -intercept, 5 -intercept, 5 Line smmetr, 86, 87 Logical reasoning, 76 Lower quartile (LQ), 44 M Magnifications. See Dilations Markup, 8 Mass, changing metric units, 607 Matri (matrices), adding and subtracting, 455 columns, 454 dimensions, 454 elements, 454 rows, 454 M.C. Escher, 04 Mean, 6, 45 Measurement, 5. See also Customar Sstem, Metric Sstem angles, 56 58, 615 appling the Pthagorean Theorem, 1, 14, 17, 18, 14 area circles, 0, 1 comple figures, 6 9 parallelograms, 14 rectangles, 61 squares, 61 trapezoids, 15 triangles, 15 circumference, 19, 0 customar sstem conversions, 5, effect of changing dimensions, 7, 78, , 184, 185, 194, 195, 8, 56 greatest possible error, 6 indirect, 188, 189 perimeter, rectangles, 61 squares, 61 precision, significant digits, similar polgons, surface area, 47 cones, 5 clinders, 48, 49 pramids, 5, 5 rectangular prisms, 47, 48 trigonometr, 19 volume, 5 comple solids, 7 cones, 4, 4 cube, 101 clinders, 6 prisms, 5, 6 pramids, 4, 4 spheres, 45 Measures of central tendenc, mean, 45 median, 45 mode, 45 summar, 46 using appropriate measures, 46, 451 Measures of variation, interquartile range, 44 lower quartile (LQ), 44 outliers, 44 quartiles, 44 range, 44 upper quartile (UQ), 44 Median, 69, 45 Mental Math. See also Number Sense 5, 6, 7, 78, 104, 17, 1, 160, 188, 11, 0 1, 8, 75, 97, 401, 407 Metric Sstem, capacit units, 606 choosing appropriate units, 607 compared to Customar Sstem, 606 conversions, length units, 606 mass units, 606 Mid-Chapter Practice Test,, 86, 10, 174, 4, 84, 40, 94, 440, 490, 50, 578 Midpoint, 145 Misleading statistics, Mied numbers, 6 adding, 8, 89 dividing, 78 multipling, 7 subtracting, 8, 89 written as decimals, 6 Mode, 45 Monomials, 570 dividing, 585 multipling, 584, 585 Multiple, 61 Multiple Choice. See Preparing for Standardized Tests and Standardized Test Practice Multiplication, 4 Associative Propert of, 1 Commutative Propert of, 1 Identit Propert of, 1 integers, 4, 5 Inverse Propert of, 76 monomials, 584, 585 phrases indicating, 9 polnomials and monomials, 590 powers, 584 with powers of 10, 104 rational numbers, 71 7 as repeated addition, 4 solving equations, 50 smbols, 1 Multiplication Propert of Equalit, 51 Multiplicative inverses, 76 Mutuall eclusive events, 99 N Negative eponents, 99 Negative numbers, 17 Negative square roots, 116, 117 Nets, 4, 46 Nonlinear functions. See Functions Nonproportional relationship, 17 Noteables, 5, 11,, 4, 5, 8, 4, 5, 6, 45, 46, 50, 51, 61, 6, 71, 76, 77, 8, 8, 88, 99, 104, 115, 116, 15, 1, 14, 155, 161, 170, 179, 05, 06, 10, 16, 6, 55, 56, 58, 6, 6, 7, 79, 90, 96, 00, 1, 14, 15, 16, 0,, 5, 6, 4, 4, 47, 49, 5, 7, 74, 81, 96, 97, 417, 44, 467, 496, 500, 501, 511, 56, 559, 584, 585 Note taking. See Notables and Stud Skill Inde Inde 751

155 Inde Number line, 17 absolute value, 19 comparing integers, 18 comparing rational numbers, 68 graphing inequalities, graphing integers, 18 graphing irrational numbers, 10, 141 integers, 17 ordering integers, 18 real numbers, 16 Numbers compatible, 8 composite, 609 irrational, 15 prime, 609 real, 15 scientific notation, 105 standard form, 104 Number Sense, 9, 7, 5, 69, 79, 90, 100, 106, 11, 17, 187, 0, 4, 5, 8, 48, 480, 489, 494, 541, 546, 58, 586 Numerical epressions, 11 btuse angle, 56 btuse triangle, 5 dds, 77 pen Ended, 9, 14, 0, 6, 0,, 7, 47, 5, 65, 69, 74, 79, 84, 86, 90, 94, 100, 106, 118, 11, 18, 10, 15, 18, 144, 149, 158, 16, 168, 17, 181, 186, 189, 196, 01, 08, 1, 18,, 0, 4, 9, 4, 59, 64, 69, 74, 81, 88, 9, 98, 0, 09, 17,, 8,, 7, 44, 49, 54, 60, 76, 8, 86, 90, 98, 40, 408, 4, 48, 4, 47, 440, 444, 448, 451, 456, 47, 476, 480, 486, 490, 494, 498, 50, 514, 519, 54, 58, 55, 541, 546, 550, 56, 567, 57, 576, 578, 58, 586, 591, 595, 679, 68 pen Response. See Preparing for Standardized Tests pen sentence, 1 perations inverse, 46 opposite, 5 pposites, 5 rdered pairs, 14 graphing, rder of operations, 11 rdinate. See -coordinate rigin, 14 utcomes. See Probabilit utliers, 44 utput. See Functions P Parabolas, 565, 566 Parallel lines, 57 constructing, 61 properties of, 58 Parallelograms, 7 altitude, 14 area, 14, 15 base, 14 Parallel planes, 1 Part. See Percents Pascal s Triangle, 9 Percent equation, Percent proportion, 16 Percents, base, 16, commission, 4 comparing, 1 compound interest, 45 discount, 8 estimating, 8, 9 finding mentall, 0, 1 markup, 8 part, 16, part/whole relationship, 16 percent equation,, percent-fraction equivalents, 10, 07 percent of change, 6 8 percent of decrease, 7 percent of increase, 7 percent proportion, 16, 17 selling price, 8 simple interest, summar of problem tpes, 17 writing as decimals, 10 writing as fractions, 07 Perfect squares, 116, 10 Perimeter rectangle, 61 scale factor, 180 square, 61 Permutations, counting, 84 notation, 84 Perpendicular bisector, 71 Perpendicular lines, 57 properties of, 59 Perspective, 0 Pi (), 19 Plane, 1 was to intersect, 1 Polgons, 178 angle measurements, 78 congruent, 79, 80 regular, 78 similar, Polhedron (polhedra), 1 edge, 1 face, 1 identifing, prism, rectangular, triangular, pramid rectangular, triangular, verte, 1 Polnomials, 570 adding, 574, 575 multipling b monomials, 590, 591 simplifing, 570, 571 standard form, 571 subtracting, 580, 581 Population, 406 Positive square roots, 116 Powers, 1, 98 of 10, 99 quotient of, 585 evaluating, 99 product of, 584 as repeated factors, 98 Practice Test, 57, 111, 149, 01, 49, 09, 67, 41, 461, 507, 555, 595 Precision, greatest possible error, 6 precision unit, 58 Predicting from eperiments, from probabilit, 401 from samples, from scatter plots, 540 Preparing for Standardized Tests, Constructed Response, , Etended Response, 660, Free Response, Grid In, Gridded Response, 660, Multiple Choice, 660, pen Response, Inde

156 Selected Response, Short Response, 660, Student-Produced Questions, Student-Produced Response, Test-Taking Tips, 661, 665, 669, 67, 676 Prerequisite Skills Converting measurements within the Customar Sstem, Converting measurements within the Metric Sstem, Diagnose Readiness, 5, 61, 115, 155, 05, 55, 1, 7, 417, 467, 511, 559 Displaing Data in Graphs, Divisibilit Patterns, 608 Estimation Strategies, Getting Read for the Net Lesson, 7, 4, 49, 66, 70, 75, 80, 85, 91, 119, 1, 19, 16, 140, 159, 164, 169, 18, 187, 191, 09, 14, 1, 5, 40, 60, 65, 70, 75, 89, 94, 4, 9, 45, 51, 8, 87, 91, 99, 40, 44, 49, 4, 48, 445, 449, 45, 47, 477, 481, 487, 495, 499, 515, 50, 59, 56, 54, 547, 56, 568, 57, 577, 58, 587 Greatest Common Factor, 610 Least Common Multiple, 61 Measuring and Drawing Angles, 615 Perimeter and Area of Rectangles, 61 Plotting Points on a Coordinate Plane, 614 Prime Factorization, 609 Prime factorization, 609 Prime numbers, 609 relativel prime, 610 Principal, 41 Principal square root, 117 Prisms, 1 surface area, 47, 48 volume, 5 Probabilit, events complementar, 75 compound, dependent, 97 independent, 96, 97 mutuall eclusive, 99 simple, eperimental, Fundamental Counting Principle, 81 odds, 77 outcomes, 74 counting, 80 8 random, 74 sample space, 74 simulations, theoretical, 400, 401 tree diagrams, 80 Problem solving, 6 8 four-step plan, 6 Problem-Solving Strateg determine reasonable answers, 6 draw a diagram, 176 guess and check, 488 look for a pattern, 96 make a model, 588 make an organized list, 78 make a table, 418 solve a simpler problem, 4 use a graph, 57 use a Venn diagram, 1 use logical reasoning, 76 work backward, 4 Product, 4. See also Multiplication Product of powers, 584 Projects. See WebQuest Properties, 1 Addition Propert of Equalit, 46 Additive Inverse Propert, 5 Associative Propert of Addition, 1 Associative Propert of Multiplication, 1 Closure Propert, 8 Commutative Propert of Addition, 1 Commutative Propert of Multiplication, 1 Distributive Propert, 1 Division Propert of Equalit, 50 of geometric figures, 6 6, 67 68, 7, 78 Identit Propert of Addition, 1 Identit Propert of Multiplication, 1 Inverse Propert of Multiplication, 76 Multiplication Propert of Equalit, 51 of parallel lines, 57 of perpendicular lines, 59 Substitution Propert of Equalit, 1 Subtraction Propert of Equalit, 45 Transitive Propert, 1 Proportional reasoning circumference, 19, 0 distance on the coordinate plane, 14, 14 golden ratio, 11 golden rectangle, 11 indirect measurement, 188, 189 percent equation,, percent proportion, 16, 17 proportions, 170, 171 rate of change, scale drawings, 184, 185 scale factors, 179, 184, 195, 56 shadow reckoning, 188 similarit, slope, 166, 167 theoretical probabilit, 400, 401 trigonometr, unit rates, 157 Proportions, cross products, 170 identifing, 171 propert of, 170 solving, 170, 171 Pramids, 1 4 lateral area, 5 lateral face, 5 slant height, 5 surface area, 5 55 verte, 5 volume, 4 45 Pthagorean Theorem, appling, 1, 14, 17, 18 converse, 14 distance, 14 identifing, 14 with special right triangles, 67, 68 Pthagorean triples, 18 Quadrants, 14 Quadratic functions. See Functions Quadrilaterals, 7 75 classifing, 7 parallelogram, 7 rectangle, 7 rhombus, 7 square, 7 sum of angles, 7 trapezoid, 7 Quartiles, 44 Q Quotient, 5. See also Division Quotient of powers, 585 Inde Inde 75

157 Inde R Radical sign, 116 Radius, 19 Random, 74 Range, 44 Range (for a function), 518 Rate of change, See also Rates constant, 165 negative, 160, 161 slope, 166, 167 zero, 16 Rates, 156, 157 interest, 41 population densit, 157 speed, 157 unit, 157 Rational numbers, 6, 15. See also Fractions; Percents adding, 8, 89 comparing, 67, 68 dividing, multipling, on a number line, 68 ordering, 68 solving equations, 9 subtracting, 8, 88 unit fractions, 66 writing as decimals, 6 writing as percents, 07, 11 Ratios, 156, 157, 06, 07 simplest form, 156 writing as percents, 06, 07 Ra, 66 Reading in the Content Area, 11, 6, 116, 166, 16, 56, 6, 84, 40, 469, 517, 570 Reading, Link to, 6, 1, 194, 16, 66, 7, 90, 0, 5, 44, 469, 5 Reading Math and so on, 51 angle measure, 57 interior and eterior angles, 58 isosceles trapezoid, 7 at least, 41 matrices, 455 naming triangles, 6 notation for combinations, 89 notation for permutations, 85 notation for segments, 80 notation for the image of a point, 90 parallel and perpendicular lines, 57 probabilit notation, 75 proportional, 171 ratios, 157 repeating decimals, 64 square roots, 117 subscripts, 161, 15 word problems, 8 Real-Life Careers automotive engineer, 581 carpenter, 58 car salesperson, 4 dietitian, 447 fund-raising professional, 479 landscape architect, 16 marketing manager, 401 medical technologist, 171 navigator, 17 sports statistician, 64 zookeeper, 518 zoologist, 51 Real-Life Math advertising, 54 aircraft, 7 animals, 497 architecture,, 4 art, 68 basketball, 9 card games, 6 cellular phones, 41 civics, 157 communications, 81 fairs, 549 firefighting, 9 folk art, 01 food, 471 geograph, 40, 46 the Great Lakes, 540 histor, 17, 47 holidas, 78 kites, 1 libraries, 167 logos, 87 loudness of sound, 585 model trains, 185 monuments, 566 music, 89 online retail spending, 545 population, 97 roller coasters, 68, 451 skateboarding, 48 speed limits, 07 travel, 105, 14 trees, 1 weather, 18 work, 50 Real numbers, classifing, 16 comparing, 17 models of, 15 on a number line, 16 properties, 16 Reasonableness. See Number sense Reasoning, logical deductive, 76 inductive, 76 Reciprocals. See Multiplicative inverses Rectangles, 7 area, 61 golden, 18 perimeter, 61 Reflections, 90 9 Regular polgons, 78 Relativel prime, 610 Repeating decimals, 6 bar notation, 6 rounding, 64 writing as fractions, 64 Rhombus, 7 Right angle, 56 Right triangles, 1, 5 hpotenuse, 1 identifing, 14 legs, 1 Pthagorean Theorem, special 0-60, , 68 Rise. See Slope Roots. See Square roots Rotation angle of, 87 Rotational smmetr, 87 Rotations, 00 0 center, 00 Rounding, 600 Rows (of a matri), 454 Run. See Slope S Sales ta, Sample, 406 Samples biased, 407 convenience sample, 407 simple random sample, 406 stratified random sample, 406 sstematic random sample, 406 unbiased, 406 voluntar response sample, 407 Sample space, Inde

158 Sampling. See also Samples using to predict, Scale for map or drawing, 184 Scale drawings, 184, 185, 68 construct, 185, 187 find a missing measurement, 184 find the scale, 185 find the scale factor, 185 Scale factor and area, 18 and perimeter, 180 for dilation, 195 for map or drawing, 184 similar polgons, 179 for similar solids, 56 Scale models, 185 Scalene triangle, 5 Scatter plots, 59, 540 best-fit line, 540 making predictions from, 540 tpes of relationships, 59 Scientific notation, 104 decimals between 0 and 1, 104, 105 ordering numbers, 105 Selected Response. See Preparing for Standardized Tests Selling price, 8 Semicircle, 6 Sentences translating into equations, 478, 479 Sequences, arithmetic, 51 common difference, 51 common ratio, 51 Fibonacci, 516 geometric, 51 term, 51 Sets, 14 subset, 14 Venn diagram, 1 14 Short Response. See Preparing for Standardized Tests and Standardized Test Practice Sides corresponding, 178, 179 Significant digits, in addition, 59 in multiplication, 60 Similar, 178 polgons, corresponding parts, 178 identifing, 179 scale factor, 179 smbol for (), 178 Similarit, Similar solids, 56 changes in volume and surface area, 56 Simple event, 74 Simple interest, Simple random sample, 406 Simplest form, 611. See also Algebraic epressions Simplifing. See Algebraic epressions Simulations, 404 Sine, 19, 681 Skew lines, 4 Slant height, 5 Slope, 166, 167. See also Functions formula, 56 from graph, 166 negative, 57 perpendicular lines, 59 positive, 56 rise, 166 run, 166 from a table, 167 undefined, 57 zero, 57 Slope-intercept form, 5 56 Solids, 1, comple, 7 cross sections, 51 frustum, 55 nets for, 46 similar, 56 Solutions, 45 Solving equations. See Equations Solving inequalities. See Inequalities Spheres, 45 surface area, 55 volume, 45 Spreadsheet Investigation compound interest, 45 constant rates of change, 165 mean, median, and mode, 49 similar solids, 56 Square (number), 116 Square (polgon), 7 area, 61 perimeter, 61 Square roots, estimating, 10 1 evaluating, negative, 116 positive, 116 principal, 117 simplifing, Standard form numbers, 104 Standardized Test Practice Etended Response, 59, 11, 151, 0, 51, 11, 69, 415, 46, 509, 557, 597 Multiple Choice, 10, 15, 1, 7, 1,, 8, 4, 49, 5, 57, 58, 66, 70, 75, 80, 86, 89, 91, 95, 97, 101, 107, 111, 11, 119, 1, 14, 19, 10, 16, 140, 145, 149, 150, 159, 164, 169, 17, 177, 18, 187, 191, 197, 01, 0, 09, 14, 19,, 4, 7, 1, 5, 40, 44, 49, 50, 60, 65, 70, 75, 77, 8, 84, 89, 94, 99, 0, 09, 10, 18,, 5, 9, 4, 9, 40, 45, 51, 55, 6, 67, 68, 77, 79, 8, 87, 91, 94, 99, 40, 409, 41, 414, 419, 44, 49, 4, 48, 440, 445, 447, 449, 45, 457, 461, 46, 47, 477, 481, 487, 489, 490, 495, 499, 504, 507, 508, 515, 50, 55, 59, 50, 56, 58, 54, 547, 551, 555, 556, 56, 568, 57, 577, 578, 58, 587, 589, 59, 595, 596 Short Response/Grid In, 10,, 8, 4, 5, 59, 70, 80, 86, 91, 101, 107, 11, 119, 19, 16, 145, 151, 159, 164, 169, 17, 18, 187, 191, 01, 0, 19,, 4, 40, 4, 44, 51, 60, 65, 75, 8, 84, 89, 94, 99, 0, 11,, 4, 45, 51, 6, 69, 8, 91, 94, 99, 40, 415, 49, 4, 440, 445, 449, 46, 47, 477, 481, 485, 487, 490, 509, 50, 55, 59, 547, 557, 56, 577, 578, 58, 59, 597 Worked-ut Eample, 47, 89, 14, 180, 4, 97, 7, 85, 447, 485, 5, 575 Statistics. See also Data, Graphs measures of central tendenc (See Measures of central tendenc) misleading, 450, 451 predicting using samples, 406 Stem-and-leaf plot, 40, 60 Inde Inde 755

159 Inde Straight angle, 56 Stratified random sample, 406 Student-Produced Questions. See Preparing for Standardized Tests Student-Produced Response. See Preparing for Standardized Tests Stud Guide and Review, 54 56, , , , 46 48, 06 08, 6 66, , , 505, 506, , 59, 594 Stud rganizer. See Foldables Stud rganizer Stud Skill reading math problems, 15 studing math vocabular, 16, 95 taking good notes, 81 Stud Tip adding integers on an integer mat, 4 adding polnomials verticall, 575 alternate method, 8, 687, 690 altitudes, 15 assigning variables, 14 bar notation, 6 base angles, 6 bases, 16 calculating with pi, 0 check, 549 classifing numbers, 16 classifing quadrilaterals, 7 common error,, 475, 501, 584 common error with absolute value, 19 common error with signs, 9 congruence, 179 congruence statements, 80 countereample, 1 decimeter, 687 defining a variable, 9 dividing b a whole number, 77 division epressions, 51 equivalent epressions, 471 equivalent inequalities, 497 estimating a best-fit line, 540 estimating a selling price, 8 estimating the area of a circle, 1 estimating the volume of a clinder, 6 estimation, 89 height of a cone or pramid, 4 identifing linear equations, 561 identifing similar polgons, 179 independent and dependent variables, 518 interpreting interquartile range, 44 isolating the variable, 46 large percents, 06 look back, 8, 11, 1,, 470, 479, 571 mental math, 6, 7, 78, 17, 160, 188, 75, 97, 401 misleading probabilities, 407 multipling b 100, 11 multipling decimals, 1 naming a dilation, 194 negative eponents, 99 negative fractions, 7 number lines, 68 parabolas, 566 parentheses, 1 percent of change, 7 points on line of reflection, 91 problem-solving strategies, 7 proportions, 170 rational eponents, 117 reasonableness, 7 rotations about the origin, 01 scale factors for dilations, 195 scales, 184 scientific notation and calculators, 105 simulations, 404 slopes and intercepts, 545 small percents, 07 solving equations, 50 spreadsheet notation for pi, 57 spreadsheet notation for the square of a value, 57 standard form for polnomials, 571 statistics, 450 Substitution Propert of Equalit, 1 smbol for not greater than, 49 smbols, 66 technolog, 1, 679 translating rise and run, 167 translations, 97 trigonometric table, 678 using the slope formula, 57 Subscripts, 56 Substitution, 545 Substitution Propert of Equalit, 1 Subtraction, 8 fractions, 8, 88 integers, 8, 9 phrases indicating, 9 polnomials, 580, 581 solving equations, 46 written as addition, 8 Subtraction Propert of Equalit, 45 Sum,. See also Addition Supplementar angles, 56 Surface area, 47 cones, 5 clinders, 48, 49 effect of changing dimensions, prisms, 47, 48 pramids, 5, 5 rectangular prisms, 47, 48 spheres, 55 Smbols a function of (f()), 517 is congruent to (), 179 is greater than or equal to (), 49 is less than or equal to (), 49 is parallel to (), 57 is perpendicular to (), 57 is similar to (), 178 measure of angle 1 (m1), 57 n factorial (n!), 85 pi (), 19 Smmetr, angle of rotation, 87 line of smmetr, 86 line smmetr, 86, 87 rotational, 87 Sstematic random sample, 406 Sstems of equations. See Equations T Tangent (function), 19, 678 Technolog. See also Calculators, Graphing Calculator Investigation, Internet Connections, Spreadsheet Investigation, WebQuest Term, 470. See also Sequences Terminating decimals, 6 writing as fractions, 64 Tessellations, Test-Taking Tip, 58, 11, 151, 0, 51, 10, 68, 415, 46, 508, 556, 597. See also Preparing for Standardized Tests answering grid-in questions, 4 backsolving, 47 be prepared, 85 common geometr facts, 575 draw a picture, 14 estimating the area of a comple figure, 7 grid-in fractions, Inde

160 stud the graphic, 447 use a proportion, 180 use different methods, 5 use estimation, 89 Theoretical probabilit, 400, 401 Three-dimensional figures. See also Solids building, 0 comple solids, 7 cones, 4, 5 cross sections, 51 clinders, 6, 48, 49 drawing, effect of changing dimensions, 9, 44, 45, 49 frustum of a solid, 55 modeling, 0 nets for, 4, 46 polhedron (polhedra), 1, prisms, 1, 5, 47, 48 pramids, 1, solids, 1, spheres, 45 surface area, 47, 48, 49, 5, 5 volume, 101, 5, 6, 7, 4, 4, 45 Transformations, 90 dilations, 194, 195 reflections, 90, 91 rotations, 00, 01 translations, 96, 97 using rectangular coordinates, 194, 90, 96, 97, 01 Transitive Propert, 1 Translations, 96, 97 Transversal, 58 Trapezoid, 7 area, 15 bases, 15 Tree diagrams, 80 Triangles, 6 65 acute, 6 area, 15 classifing, 6 equilateral, 6 isosceles, 6 obtuse, 6 right, 6 adjacent side, 19 hpotenuse, 19 opposite side, 19 special, 67, 68 scalene, 6 sides, 6 vertices, 6 Trigonometric ratios, 685 Trigonometr cosine, 19, 681 sine, 19, 681 tangent, 19, 678 Two-dimensional figures. See also Measurement architectural drawings,, circles, 19 1 comple, 6 coordinate plane, 14, 14 geometric constructions, 66, 71, 8 parallelograms, 7, 14 polgons, quadrilaterals, 7, 7 rectangles, 7 tessellations, 04, 05 transformations, 194, 195, 90, 91, 96, 97, 00, 01 triangles, 6, 6, 67, 68, 15 Two-step equations. See Equations U Unbiased sample, 406 Unit rates, 157 Units customar, 604 converting between, metric, 606 converting between, Unlike fractions, 88 Upper quartile (UQ), 44 USA TDAY Snapshots, 8, 5, 95, 17, 159, 164, 09, 14, 19, 44, 0, 61, 99, 46, 4, 495, 504, 58, 56 V Variables, 11 defining, 9 dependent, 518 independent, 518 Venn diagram, 1 Verbal epressions as algebraic epressions, 9 Vertical angles, 56 Vertical number line, 14 Volume, 5 comple solids, 7 cones, 4, 4 cube, 101, 8 clinders, 6 effect of changing dimensions, 9, prisms, 5 pramids, 4, 4 spheres, 45 Voluntar response sample, 407 Web, 15 WebQuest,, 145, 15, 44, 5, 6, 71, 457, 465, 59 Which ne Doesn't Belong?, 0, 6, 47, 65, 94, 18, 18, 196, 08, 4, 74, 88, 9, 98, 60, 90, 4, 444, 47, 514, 54, 55, 56, 567, 57, 691 Whiskers. See Bo-and-whisker plot Word Map, 16 Workbooks, Built-In Etra Practice, Mied Problem Solving, Preparing for Standardized Tests, Prerequisite Skills, Writing Math, 9, 14,, 6, 41, 47, 5, 69, 74, 79, 90, 10, 106, 118, 18, 141, 158, 16, 181, 18, 19, 18,, 0, 9, 4, 61, 64, 66, 69, 71, 74, 78, 8, 9, 05, 17,, 8, 0, 7, 44, 46, 49, 54, 60, 8, 9, 9, 98, 40, 408, 48, 4, 44, 47, 448, 451, 47, 476, 48, 48, 498, 514, 516, 51, 54, 58, 55, 541, 567, 569, 57, 586, 679, 68, 688 -ais, 14 -coordinate, 14 -intercept, 5 -ais, 14 -coordinate, 14 -intercept, 5 W X Zero eponent, 99 Y Z Inde Inde 757