GENETIC MONITORING OF LABORATORY MOUSE COLONIES IN THE MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNC(L ACCREDITATION SCHEME FOR THE SUPPLIERS OF LABORATORY ANIMALS
|
|
- Silvester Goodman
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Laboratory Animals (1974) 8, GENETIC MONITORING OF LABORATORY MOUSE COLONIES IN THE MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNC(L ACCREDITATION SCHEME FOR THE SUPPLIERS OF LABORATORY ANIMALS by MICHAEL F. FESTlNG Medical Research Council Laboratory Animals Centre, Woodmansterne Road, Carshalton, SM54EF SUMMARY A method of analysing mandible samples using 4 discriminant functions to describe mandible shape, and plotting the samples on control charts, as used in industrial quality control, is described. Repeated samples from 3 different colonies gave consistent results, with only occasional samples 'out of control'. 5 known 'illegitimate' samples were correctly rejected, and 3 out of 4 'legitimate' samples were accepted as belonging to stock LACA. In the 4th case lack of fit was attributed to subline-differentiation. This method of genetic analysis is practical for the large-scale genetic monitoring of laboratory mouse strains and stocks, and a Genetic Monitoring Scheme is being offered to commercial breeders. The Accreditation Scheme for breeders of laboratory animals was started in ] 950 with the aim of improving the quality of animals available to biomedical research workers in the United Kingdom. In 1969 a microbiological grading scheme was introduced in which each accredited colony was screened for the presence of specified pathogenic microorganisms, and graded according to the findings (Townsend 1969). The need for a method of genetic quality control has already been emphasised (Festing, ]974). The development of the 'mandible analysis' technique (Festing, 1972, 1973a, 1973b) in which strains and stocks of laboratory mice can be identified from the shape of their right mandible, has now made it possible to introduce 'genetic monitoring' of mice into the Accreditation Scheme. The genetic monitoring (GM) scheme is a voluntary one, open to all accredited breeders of mice and, in the future, other species. It makes provision for the monitoring of inbred strains, outbred stocks and F 1 hybrids. However, breeders wishing to enter the scheme must agree to abide by a number of rules in addition to those required under the microbiological grading scheme (Laboratory Animals Centre, ]974). For eample, the breeder must satisfy
2 292 M. F. FESTlNG the Centre that the correct breeding methods are being used and that adequate records are being kept. Before being eligible for the scheme the colony must consist of at least 100 breeding females. The strains and stocks must be correctly named according to internationally agreed systems of nomenclature (Staats, 1968; Festing & Staats, 1973; Festing, Kondo, Loosli, Poiley & Spiegel, 1972), and the breeder must agree to make available for publication the eact history of the colony. The breeder must also satisfy the Centre that strains or stocks of the same coat colour are maintained in such a way as to minimise the chance of an illegitimate mating. Finally, the breeder must agree to supply samples of animals for genetic analysis, as specified by the Centre. In return, the breeder will be entitled to advertise his stocks as genetically monitored under the Accreditation Scheme. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals Samples of mice were obtained from 3 colonies known to be authentic, either because the strains were identifiable on the basis of coat colour (strain C3HjHe-mgjLac, designated C3H in this paper), or because the mice were maintained in a small closed-colony building with no other mice of the same coat colour (e.g. colony 1, Lac: LACA, designated LACA in this paper). All colonies were initially established with stock supplied by the Laboratory Table 1. Sample dates, size and means of the discriminant functions. Discriminant function sample means Colony Sample date Sample size Breeder I Feb ,06 3,30 authentic LACA Aug ,17 ],99 Oct ] ,55 ],87 Nov '50 3, ],29 Dec ],63 Jan Feb '88 3'53-2, Mar ,96 0,86 May ,75-3, Jun '06-2,41 1'27 Mar ] ],77 Mean of ] st ],61 samples Control limits upper 3,01 4,73-2, lower 0, ,30
3 GENETIC MONITORING OF MICE 293 Breeder I Aug , ,67-0'90 authentic C3H Oct ' ,28 Nov ' J'55 Dec. 72 J ,33-3,04 Jan ' , J Feb J '05-1,56 Mar , '69-3,03 May '97 J'88 -J '99-2,57 Jun ,27 3,08-1,40-2'28 Mar J,66-1'77-3,72 Mean of 10 samples -3,17 2,13-2,29-2,40 Breeder n Feb , ,99-1'00 authentic C3H Mar ,65-1,93 Apr ,04 3,14-2,05-2,03 May ,12-1,74 Jun , '66-2,19 Jul ,17 -J' Aug , '83-1'43 Sep ' ,31-0,55 Mean of 8 samples -3, '15-1,58 Overall mean for '22-2,03 C3H colonies 2 and 3 Control limits upper -2' ' lower -4, '50-3,31 Between-sampte '66 0'64 0'64 standard deviation (Festing, J974) Animals Centre. Those maintained by breeder I were established in mid and the colony maintained by breeder U in mid Samples of 9-20 male mice weighing g were ordered periodically from both breeders as shown in Table I. Average bodyweight often fell outside the ranges specified, so a correction for size was included in the statistical analysis. For comparative purposes samples of albino mice from 5 different strains or stocks obtained from various sources were included in the study to act as 'illegitimate' samples when compared with LACA, and 4 samples of what are believed to be genuine LACA mice were obtained from 4 additional breeders to act as 'legitimate' samples. Details of these additional samples are given in Table 2.
4 294 M. F. FESTING Table 2. Additional samples for comparison with LACA. Strain Sample "Mean of 4 discriminant functions size DFI DF2 DF3 DF4 Illegitimate A 4 0,38 0,36-0'59-1,55 BALB/c 9-2,08-0,30-0'64 1'65* A2G 10-1'42 0, ,60* CD-l 20 0,55* -0,70-2,51 * 0,78* CFLP 12 4,08 0,94-1, Legitimate Lac: LACA 11 2,17* 3 79* -2,37* 1-44* 3: LACA 20 1,15* 2,73* -2'50* 2,32* 4: LACA ,83* -3'85* 1,72* 5: LACA ]8 1,92* 3,63* -2'77* 1,57* These points fall within control limits for LACA given in Fig. 1. Eact details of husbandry of these colonies are not available, but in general all colonies were maintained under average to good conditions typical of the better accredited breeders. Colonies maintained by breeders I and II were rated 4-star under the Accreditation Grading Scheme, but the colonies of illegitimate and legitimate samples were maintained at levels ranging from 1- star to 4-star. There is no evidence that environment or husbandry have much influence on the characters being studied. Table 3. Coefficients for calculating* the 4 discriminant functions. Variable I Constant DFI '14 3,30-0,40-3,23 6,40-5, ,34-136,66 DF2 9,00 5, '18-1, , '73-226,83 DF3 5'04-3' '28 0,66 5'38 0'20 4'93 ] '15-216'11 DF4-0,60 4,92-6,51 0,63-0,69-8,90-2,04 ] ' ']6-0, *Where, for eample, DF, =(3-62X, +5 76X X l1 )/T where T=X, + X X ll and the Xi are the measurements as previously described (Festing, 1973a).
5 GENETIC MONITOR1NG OF MICE 295 Preparation and measurement of mandibles The mice were humanely killed and decapitated into boiling water. After about 2-3 min the flesh was sufficiently softened to allow the mandibles to be removed. These were incubated overnight in a few ml tap water with a pinch of the proteolytic enzyme papain to clean off the remaining flesh, incisors were removed, and the mandibles were dried and stored in plastic bags. A series of 11 measurements were made as previously described (Festing, 1974), and these were used to compute 4 discriminant functions (DFs) describing the shape of the mandible. The coefficients used in calculating the DFs are given in Table 3. All measurements were done personally by the author, and a programmable desk-top calculator was programmed to do all the calculations. Statistical analysis The mean and within-sample standard deviation for each of the 4 DFs was calculated for each sample. However, the standard deviation among sample means from the same colony was taken from a previous study (Festing, 1974) involving a total of 103 samples (Table 1). Sample means were used to calculate an overall mean for the colony or strain and these data were used to construct control charts as used in industrial quality control (Thirkettle, 1968). Control limits were set at 2 standard deviations each side of the overall mean. Samples were graphed in chronological order, but it should be noted that there were varying intervals between samples. Control charts are designed as a simple method of deciding whether a particular sample could have come from the same population as previous samples. If values fall within the control limits the production process (or breeding programme) may be said to be under control. However, if the values of the sample fall outside the control limits, or, if a trend is observed, or several points lie close to a control limit, then further investigation of the colony is indicated. On average, 1 point in 20 will fall outside a control limit by chance even when the colony is under control, so a single aberrant observation will not result in the colony failing its GM test, but will result in further investigation. RESULTS Means of the 4 DFs for each sample are given in Tables 1 and 2, and control charts giving plots of individual sample means for colony 1 (LACA) and both C3H colonies combined are given in Figs 1 and 2. Although there were fluctuations in the means of the samples, these were mostly well within the control limits and no consistent trends were observed. The 4th DF of the 1st sample of LACA fell outside the control limit but this was not repeated with subsequent samples. The 2nd sample of colony
6 296 M. F. FESTING 3 DF o 5 4 DF OF ~ DF o 1 I I I 10 " I Sample Number Fig. 1. Control chart for colony No.1 (LACA). Lines indicate the mean () and the control limits (X± c» for each of the 4 discriminant functions. The point falling outside control limits is circled. 2 was more seriously abnormal since 2 of the DFs fell outside the control limits. Such an abnormal sample would normally require immediate investigation. Fortunately, subsequent samples from the same colony were normal. Fluctuations between samples were not sufficiently large to obscure the differences between LAC A and C3H which were very marked. Analysis of the means of both C3H colonies showed that although most points from both colonies fell within the control limits, there were slight but significant differences
7 GENETIC MONITORING OF MICE 297 COLONY NO.2-2~ -3 D.F v )l COLONY No.3., DF o =~~ "., '". OF-3 X. y )( liz -4~ 13l o F-4 =~f, ',. ', ' ' ',, ', ' ' ~ -J,,,,,,,, I" """" Fig. 2. Sample Number Control chart for C3H from 2 differentbreeders. Points 'out of control' are circled. (at the 5 % level of probability) between them on the 1st and 2nd, but not the 3rd and 4th, DFs. Although this may have been due to environmental factors, genetic subline-differentiation between colonies separated for an estimated 6-12 generations could account for such a difference (Festing, 1973a). Comparison of Table 2 with Fig. 1 shows that none of the illegitimate samples of albino mice could have been mistaken for a sample of LACA. In the case of strains A, BALB/c and A2G, and the stock CFLP, at least 3 of the DF means fell outside the control limits for LACA given in Fig. 1. In the case of CD-l only the 2nd DF discriminated between the 2 colonies, though the degree of discrimination was substantial so that there could be little question of the sample being mistaken for a sample of LACA. In the case of the legitimate samples, 15 out of the 16 DFs fell within the control limits for LACA, and 3 out of the 4 samples would have been correctly accepted as being LACA. However, in the case of 4: LACA the 1st DF falls just outside the confidence interval. Although such a deviation could be
8 298 M. F. FESTING attributed to chance, there could also have been some genetic drift In the subline as it has been separated from colony 1 for over 4 years. DISCUSSION Any method designed for routine quality control of laboratory animals should be sufficiently simple for the bulk of the work to be done by a technician. The mandible analysis technique as originally described required the use of a computer and a good understanding of statistical methods, as well as skilled interpretation. However, the use of a desk-top programmable calculator to calculate the mean DF for a sample of mandibles, and the use of a graphical method of recording the results by use of a control chart, has considerably simplified the procedure. Preparation of the mandibles is etremely simple and requires no particular skill. Once they have been thoroughly dried they will keep indefinitely and require little storage space. Measurement is done under a binocular microscope, with the values being entered directly into the calculator, which prints out the 4 DFs automatically. These are then graphed on the control charts and, provided the points fall within the control limits (as will usually be the case), the sample is accepted. Should the sample not be acceptable because points fall outside the confidence interval, the first step would usually be to call for another sample, though other courses of action would be available. Thus, once the control charts have been devised and the calculator has been programmed, this method of genetic quality control is not unduly complicated, and could easily be handled by a technician with relatively little training. An important point that has not been considered in this paper is the size of the sample, and the frequency and method of sampling the colony. Sample sizes of 10 animals appear to give satisfactory results without undue sampling errors. Smaller samples would give poorer discrimination between strains. Larger samples would have the advantage of covering a wider percentage of the total output of a colony and reducing the confidence interval slightly, but they would take more time, and it could be argued that small samples taken frequently would be better than large but infrequent samples. Optimum sampling frequency has not been determined system mati cally, but must depend largely on the chance that an illegitimate contamination could occur. Colonies maintained in closed buildings which do not contain any other strains of the same colour, and which are maintained by approved breeding programmes, should only need to be sampled infrequently. However, if for eample 2 albino strains are maintained in the same room, the chance of an illegitimate mating could be quite high, and frequent sampling may be necessary. However, such colonies would not be acceptable under the rules of the GM Scheme. Another point that will determine the frequency of direct sampling of a colony will be the number of indirect samples obtained. Under
9 GENETIC MONITORING OF MICE 299 this scheme users might wish to submit samples of mandibles from stock that they have purchased in older to check that they have been sent animals of the correct strain or stock. It is not known whether there will be much demand for such a service, but these indirect samples could also give additional information on G M colonies. The sampling method should also be considered. Inbred strains and, in some cases, outbred stocks, may be maintained with an elite nucleus colony in which detailed records are kept and careful attention is paid to the selection of breeding stock, with one or more production colonies in which less detailed records are kept. The nucleus colony will be used both to maintain itself and to provide breeding stock for the multiplication colonies, as in the 'traffic light schemes' (Lane-Petter & Pearson, 1971). If colonies are maintained in this way samples should, if possible, be obtained direct from the nucleus colonies, since it is these colonies that have the most profound long-term influence on the colony. Unfortunately, there may be practical difficulties in obtaining such stock. Nucleus colonies are frequently small and it may be difficult to obtain a sample of 10 male mice of g. Even when stock is available it will normally be required for breeding. However, where possible in the future breeders will be urged to supply nucleus stock for the GM scheme. REFERENCES Festing, M. F. (1972). Mouse strain identification. Nature, London 238, 351. Festing, M. F. (1973a). A multivariate analysis of subline divergence in the shape of the mandible in C57BL/Gr mice. Genetical Research 21, 121. Festing, M. F. (1973b). Mouse strain idemification by mandible analysis. In The laboratory animal in drug te~ting (ed. A. Spiegel), p Stuttgart: Fisher. Festing, M. F. (1974). Genetic reliability of commercially-bred laboratory mice. Laboratory Animals 8, 265. Festing, M. F., Kondo, K., Loos]i, R., Poi]ey, S. M. & Spiegel, A. (1972). International standardized nomenclature for outbred stocks of laboratory animals. lela Bulletin 30, 4. Festing, M. F. & Staats, J. (]973). Standardized nomenclature for inbred strains of rats, 4th listing. Transph;lItation 16, 221. Laboratory Animals Centre (1974). The Accreditation and Recognition Schemes for suppliers of laboratory animals. MRC Laboratory Animals Centre Manual Series 1 (2nd ed.). Lane-Petter, W. & Pearson, A. E. G. (197]). The laboratory animal-principles and practice. London & New York: Academic Press. Staats, J. (1968). Standardized nomenclature for inbred strains of mice, 4th listing. Cancer Research 28, 391. Thirkettle, G. L. (1968). Whe!do/l's business statistics. London: McDonald & Evans. Townsend, G. H. (1969). The grading of commercially bred laboratory animals. Veterinary Record 85, 225.
10
AT&T Global Network Client for Windows Product Support Matrix January 29, 2015
AT&T Global Network Client for Windows Product Support Matrix January 29, 2015 Product Support Matrix Following is the Product Support Matrix for the AT&T Global Network Client. See the AT&T Global Network
More informationCOMPARISON OF FIXED & VARIABLE RATES (25 YEARS) CHARTERED BANK ADMINISTERED INTEREST RATES - PRIME BUSINESS*
COMPARISON OF FIXED & VARIABLE RATES (25 YEARS) 2 Fixed Rates Variable Rates FIXED RATES OF THE PAST 25 YEARS AVERAGE RESIDENTIAL MORTGAGE LENDING RATE - 5 YEAR* (Per cent) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
More informationCOMPARISON OF FIXED & VARIABLE RATES (25 YEARS) CHARTERED BANK ADMINISTERED INTEREST RATES - PRIME BUSINESS*
COMPARISON OF FIXED & VARIABLE RATES (25 YEARS) 2 Fixed Rates Variable Rates FIXED RATES OF THE PAST 25 YEARS AVERAGE RESIDENTIAL MORTGAGE LENDING RATE - 5 YEAR* (Per cent) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
More informationAnalysis One Code Desc. Transaction Amount. Fiscal Period
Analysis One Code Desc Transaction Amount Fiscal Period 57.63 Oct-12 12.13 Oct-12-38.90 Oct-12-773.00 Oct-12-800.00 Oct-12-187.00 Oct-12-82.00 Oct-12-82.00 Oct-12-110.00 Oct-12-1115.25 Oct-12-71.00 Oct-12-41.00
More informationCase 2:08-cv-02463-ABC-E Document 1-4 Filed 04/15/2008 Page 1 of 138. Exhibit 8
Case 2:08-cv-02463-ABC-E Document 1-4 Filed 04/15/2008 Page 1 of 138 Exhibit 8 Case 2:08-cv-02463-ABC-E Document 1-4 Filed 04/15/2008 Page 2 of 138 Domain Name: CELLULARVERISON.COM Updated Date: 12-dec-2007
More informationEnhanced Vessel Traffic Management System Booking Slots Available and Vessels Booked per Day From 12-JAN-2016 To 30-JUN-2017
From -JAN- To -JUN- -JAN- VIRP Page Period Period Period -JAN- 8 -JAN- 8 9 -JAN- 8 8 -JAN- -JAN- -JAN- 8-JAN- 9-JAN- -JAN- -JAN- -JAN- -JAN- -JAN- -JAN- -JAN- -JAN- 8-JAN- 9-JAN- -JAN- -JAN- -FEB- : days
More informationP/T 2B: 2 nd Half of Term (8 weeks) Start: 25-AUG-2014 End: 19-OCT-2014 Start: 20-OCT-2014 End: 14-DEC-2014
2014-2015 SPECIAL TERM ACADEMIC CALENDAR FOR SCRANTON EDUCATION ONLINE (SEOL), MBA ONLINE, HUMAN RESOURCES ONLINE, NURSE ANESTHESIA and ERP PROGRAMS SPECIAL FALL 2014 TERM Key: P/T = Part of Term P/T Description
More informationP/T 2B: 2 nd Half of Term (8 weeks) Start: 26-AUG-2013 End: 20-OCT-2013 Start: 21-OCT-2013 End: 15-DEC-2013
2013-2014 SPECIAL TERM ACADEMIC CALENDAR FOR SCRANTON EDUCATION ONLINE (SEOL), MBA ONLINE, HUMAN RESOURCES ONLINE, NURSE ANESTHESIA and ERP PROGRAMS SPECIAL FALL 2013 TERM Key: P/T = Part of Term P/T Description
More informationP/T 2B: 2 nd Half of Term (8 weeks) Start: 24-AUG-2015 End: 18-OCT-2015 Start: 19-OCT-2015 End: 13-DEC-2015
2015-2016 SPECIAL TERM ACADEMIC CALENDAR For Scranton Education Online (SEOL), Masters of Business Administration Online, Masters of Accountancy Online, Health Administration Online, Health Informatics
More informationComparing share-price performance of a stock
Comparing share-price performance of a stock A How-to write-up by Pamela Peterson Drake Analysis of relative stock performance is challenging because stocks trade at different prices, indices are calculated
More informationCoffee year 2014/15 ends with prices at 20-month low
Coffee year 2014/15 ends with prices at 20-month low The coffee market slumped further in September, following a slight rally in August, with the weakness of the real and peso again proving the most influential
More informationStart Your. Business Business Plan
Start Your Waste Recycling Business A TECHNICAL STEP-BY-STEP-GUIDE OF HOW TO START A COMMUNITY-BASED WASTE RECYCLING BUSINESS Start Your Waste Recycling Business Business Plan INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE
More informationAshley Institute of Training Schedule of VET Tuition Fees 2015
Ashley Institute of Training Schedule of VET Fees Year of Study Group ID:DECE15G1 Total Course Fees $ 12,000 29-Aug- 17-Oct- 50 14-Sep- 0.167 blended various $2,000 CHC02 Best practice 24-Oct- 12-Dec-
More informationFinancial Operating Procedure: Budget Monitoring
Financial Operating Procedure: Budget Monitoring Original Created: Jan 2010 Last Updated: Jan 2010 1 Index 1 Scope of Procedure...3 2 Aim of Procedure...3 3 Roles & Responsibilities...3 Appendix A Timetable...7
More informationComputing & Telecommunications Services Monthly Report March 2015
March 215 Monthly Report Computing & Telecommunications Services Monthly Report March 215 CaTS Help Desk (937) 775-4827 1-888-775-4827 25 Library Annex helpdesk@wright.edu www.wright.edu/cats/ Last Modified
More informationCoffee prices fall to 18-month low as supply concerns fade
Coffee prices fall to 18-month low as supply concerns fade The coffee market registered further decreases in July with prices reacting to the depreciation in the Brazilian exchange rate, which dropped
More informationCENTERPOINT ENERGY TEXARKANA SERVICE AREA GAS SUPPLY RATE (GSR) JULY 2015. Small Commercial Service (SCS-1) GSR
JULY 2015 Area (RS-1) GSR GSR (LCS-1) Texarkana Incorporated July-15 $0.50690/Ccf $0.45450/Ccf $0.00000/Ccf $2.85090/MMBtu $17.52070/MMBtu Texarkana Unincorporated July-15 $0.56370/Ccf $0.26110/Ccf $1.66900/Ccf
More information2015-16 BCOE Payroll Calendar. Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Jun 29 30 Jul 1 2 3. Full Force Calc
July 2015 CM Period 1501075 July 2015 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 August 2015 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
More informationThe Impact of Medicare Part D on the Percent Gross Margin Earned by Texas Independent Pharmacies for Dual Eligible Beneficiary Claims
The Impact of Medicare Part D on the Percent Gross Margin Earned by Texas Independent Pharmacies for Dual Eligible Beneficiary Claims Angela Winegar, M.S., Marvin Shepherd, Ph.D., Ken Lawson, Ph.D., and
More informationBased on Chapter 11, Excel 2007 Dashboards & Reports (Alexander) and Create Dynamic Charts in Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and Beyond (Scheck)
Reporting Results: Part 2 Based on Chapter 11, Excel 2007 Dashboards & Reports (Alexander) and Create Dynamic Charts in Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and Beyond (Scheck) Bullet Graph (pp. 200 205, Alexander,
More informationDetailed guidance for employers
April 2015 3 Detailed guidance for employers Appendix A: Pay reference periods This document accompanies: Detailed guidance no. 3 Assessing the workforce Pay reference period calendars where the definition
More information1. Introduction. 2. User Instructions. 2.1 Set-up
1. Introduction The Lead Generation Plan & Budget Template allows the user to quickly generate a Lead Generation Plan and Budget. Up to 10 Lead Generation Categories, typically email, telemarketing, advertising,
More informationGovernment proposals to reform vocational qualifications for 16-19 year olds in England
Government proposals to reform vocational qualifications for 16-19 year olds in England A consultation published by the Department for Education (DfE) on 7 th March 2013 What reforms does the consultation
More informationCoffee Year 2014-15 Futures Trading Analysis
Lower coffee exports lend support to Robusta prices The coffee market rallied slightly in June, led in most part by a recovery in Robusta prices. For the sixth month in a row exports were lower than last
More informationA Comparative Study on the Performance of ULIPs Offered by the Selected Insurance Companies-A Study in Indian Capital Markets
A Comparative Study on the Performance of ULIPs Offered by the Selected Insurance Companies-A Study in Indian Capital Markets 1 Mr Kantesha Sanningammanavara Research Scholar, BMS College of Engineering,Bangalore.
More informationCoffee prices fall but Brazilian production estimated lower
Coffee prices fall but production estimated lower Coffee prices continued their decline as speculation over the current 2015/16 crop suggests that the market has no immediate supply concerns. Indeed, one
More informationEMPLOYER S LIABILITY CLAIMS
EMPLOYER S LIABILITY CLAIMS Opened date Subtype Incident date Location (type) Description Status Damages Jan-09 EMPLO Dec-08 Injured by defective equipment. Settled 2,750.00 Jan-09 EMPLO Nov-08 Department
More informationACCESS Nursing Programs Session 1 Center Valley Campus Only 8 Weeks Academic Calendar 8 Weeks
Session 1 Academic Calendar August 24, 2015 to October 17, 2015 Tuesday / Thursday, 5:30 pm to 8:30 pm M/W T/TH T/W TH S Saturday lab as scheduled Classes Begin 24-Aug 25-Aug 25-Aug 27-Aug 29-Aug NU205
More informationACCESS Nursing Programs Session 1 Center Valley Campus Only 8 Weeks Academic Calendar 8 Weeks
Session 1 Academic Calendar August 24, 2015 to October 17, 2015 Tuesday / Thursday, 5:30 pm to 8:30 pm M/W T/TH T/W TH S Saturday lab as scheduled Classes Begin 24-Aug 25-Aug 25-Aug 27-Aug 29-Aug NU205
More informationNeed to know finance
Need to know finance You can t hide from it Every decision has financial implications Estimating sales and cost of sales (aka direct costs) Gross Profit and Gross Profit Margin (GPM) Sales cost of sales
More informationNatural Gas Wholesale Prices at PG&E Citygate as of November 7, 2006
QUARTERLY GAS ISSUES UPDATE December 26 I. Supply Issues Wholesale Natural Gas Prices Above normal temperatures and a lack of hurricane activity caused market prices to decrease in October. By November,
More informationDepartment of Transitional Assistance Report on Paperless Documentation
Department of Transitional Assistance Report on Paperless Documentation January 4, 2016 REPORT ON PAPERLESS DOCUMENTATION DECEMBER 2015 Description of the Report Chapter 158 of the Acts of 2014 Section
More informationControlling Late Egg Weight in Broiler Breeders
Controlling Late Egg Weight in Broiler Breeders Ali Yavuz, Senior Technical Service Manager and Dr. Antonio Kalinowski, Nutritionist October 2014 Summary Controlling egg weight in broiler breeders late
More informationOPERATIONS SERVICE UPDATE
OPERATIONS SERVICE UPDATE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Policy Processing At the June 24 Citizens Board of Governors meeting, Staff committed to achieving year end policy processing service goals by September 1, 24.
More informationChapter 20: Analysis of Surveillance Data
Analysis of Surveillance Data: Chapter 20-1 Chapter 20: Analysis of Surveillance Data Sandra W. Roush, MT, MPH I. Background Ongoing analysis of surveillance data is important for detecting outbreaks and
More informationInfographics in the Classroom: Using Data Visualization to Engage in Scientific Practices
Infographics in the Classroom: Using Data Visualization to Engage in Scientific Practices Activity 4: Graphing and Interpreting Data In Activity 4, the class will compare different ways to graph the exact
More informationImportant Dates Calendar 2014-2015 FALL
Important Dates Calendar 204-205 FALL Rev. 6-8-4 st 8 H st 0 2nd 0 st 5 2nd 5 3rd 5 LSC Advanced Registration Begins May 27 May 27 May 27 May 27 May 27 May 27 May 27 May 27 May 27 Returning Students Advanced
More informationManaging Staffing in High Demand Variability Environments
Managing Staffing in High Demand Variability Environments By: Dennis J. Monroe, Six Sigma Master Black Belt, Lean Master, and Vice President, Juran Institute, Inc. Many functions within a variety of businesses
More informationCAFIS REPORT 2015.10
CAFIS REPORT 2015.10 INDEX Message CAFIS Inbound 03-06 07-08 CAFIS Arch 09-10 CAFIS Brain 11-12 CAFIS Global 13-14 What We Do 15-16 About CAFIS 17-18 Services for Member Stores 19-34 Services for Card
More information2.1 The Committee note and comment on the report. 3 DIRECTORATE OF DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENT PERFORMANCE
Agenda item number: 9 COMMITTEE ENVIRONMENT AND FRONT LINE SERVICES OVERVIEW AND SCRUTINY COMMITTEE DATE 24 MARCH 2005 TITLE OF REPORT RESPONSIBLE OFFICER TELEPHONE ANSWERING Joy Kirby (Business & Service
More informationLEWIS SCHOOL OF ENGLISH
LEWIS SCHOOL OF ENGLISH Academic Year Programme 2015 2 www.lewis-school.co.uk/ayp Welcome! Our flexible Academic Year Programme allows you to choose from our range of courses and create your own programme
More informationBOARD OF DIRECTORS PAPER COVER SHEET. Meeting date: 29 November 2006 Agenda item: 7.4
BOARD OF DIRECTORS PAPER COVER SHEET Meeting date: 9 November 6 Agenda item: 7. Title: COMPLAINTS REPORT QUARTER 6/7 (1 July 6 3 September 6) Purpose: To update the board on the number and type of complaints
More informationLSUF 24 th January 2006
Quality Control ISO 17025:2005 5.9 Assuring the quality of test and calibration results 5.9.1 The laboratory shall have quality control procedures for monitoring the validity of tests and calibrations
More informationCASE STUDY: E-PHARMACY AT CHELSEA AND WESTMINSTER HOSPITAL, UK
e-business W@tch European Commission, DG Enterprise & Industry E-mail: entr-innov-ict-ebiz@ec.europa.eu, info@ebusiness-watch.org This document is based on sector studies, special reports or other publications
More informationUsing INZight for Time series analysis. A step-by-step guide.
Using INZight for Time series analysis. A step-by-step guide. inzight can be downloaded from http://www.stat.auckland.ac.nz/~wild/inzight/index.html Step 1 Click on START_iNZightVIT.bat. Step 2 Click on
More informationUnderstanding Your Credit Report
Understanding Your Credit Report Personal Information This guide uses a fictitious character, Joe Citizen, to provide examples of the features of the Experian Credit Report. Joe Citizen Gender Male Other
More informationOMBU ENTERPRISES, LLC. Process Metrics. 3 Forest Ave. Swanzey, NH 03446 Phone: 603-209-0600 Fax: 603-358-3083 E-mail: OmbuEnterprises@msn.
OMBU ENTERPRISES, LLC 3 Forest Ave. Swanzey, NH 03446 Phone: 603-209-0600 Fax: 603-358-3083 E-mail: OmbuEnterprises@msn.com Process Metrics Metrics tell the Process Owner how the process is operating.
More informationChapter 10 Capital Markets and the Pricing of Risk
Chapter 10 Capital Markets and the Pricing of Risk 10-1. The figure below shows the one-year return distribution for RCS stock. Calculate a. The expected return. b. The standard deviation of the return.
More informationSTRATEGY AND RESOURCES COMMITTEE ITEM 14 27 MARCH 2012 FACILITIES MANAGEMENT: FUTURE CONTRACTUAL ARRANGEMENTS
FACILITIES MANAGEMENT: FUTURE CONTRACTUAL ARRANGEMENTS Report of the: Contact: Urgent Decision? If yes, reason urgent decision required: Annexes/Appendices: Other available papers: Director of Operations
More informationThe Effect of a disciplinary Investigation on Unfair Dismal
NEWSLETTER 104 MAY 2014 NEW PAY RATES IN FORCE 5 MAY 2014 New pay rates came into force on 5 May contact us immediately if you need more information. THE IMPORTANCE OF A WELL- CONDUCTED DISCIPLINARY INVESTIGATION
More informationCLINICAL AUDIT: WHERE TO START?
CLINICAL AUDIT: WHERE TO START? Gillian Whyte Clinical Audit Facilitator (RGN, RNT, DipN, BNS, H.Dip, MSc, PgDip NurEd) Honorary Teaching Associate Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery RCSI Definition of Clinical
More informationSummary. Recommendations
Committee(s): Date(s): The City Bridge Trust 18 th July 20 Subject: Grant Recommendations - Introductory Paper Report of: Chief Grants Officer Ward (if appropriate): N/A Public For Decision Summary This
More informationCABINET 9 th February 2006. Report of the Director of Partnerships and Customer Services
CABINET 9 th February 2006 Report of the Director of Partnerships and Customer Services ITEM 11 CRM DEVELOPMENT Purpose of the Report To seek approval to the replacement for the Council s Customer Relationship
More informationEnergy Strategy Review 2014. Review of our electricity and gas purchasing strategy in 2014
Energy Strategy Review 2014 Review of our electricity and gas purchasing strategy in 2014 Foreword from our Chairman Dorian Nineberg Chairmain Pulse have been procuring electricity and gas using a flexible
More informationSupply Quality Assurance
Supply Quality Assurance Electric / Gas T&D, Hydro, Solar and Fossil Fuel Power Generation 2014 Supplier Conference Jim Adamson Director, Supplier Quality Assurance Engaging With Suppliers How Supplier
More informationAnnexure B: Planning, Budgeting and Performance Management Programme
Annexure B:, Budgeting Programme The following are key activities that need take place in more detail than Time frame Nature Period referred Start Finish 2012/09/01 /08/31 /or September /09/01 /09/26 August
More informationProject Management Planning
Overview of Resource Planning Every organization has a limited number of resources to perform tasks. A project manager's primary role is to find a way to successfully execute a project within these resource
More informationDeep Security/Intrusion Defense Firewall - IDS/IPS Coverage Statistics and Comparison
Deep Security/Intrusion Defense Firewall - IDS/IPS Trend Micro, Incorporated A technical brief summarizing vulnerability coverage provided by Deep Security and Intrusion Defense Firewall. The document
More informationPROJECTS SCHEDULING AND COST CONTROLS
Professional Development Day September 27th, 2014 PROJECTS SCHEDULING AND COST CONTROLS Why do we need to Control Time and Cost? Plans are nothing; Planning is everything. Dwight D. Eisenhower Back to
More informationResource Management Spreadsheet Capabilities. Stuart Dixon Resource Manager
Resource Management Spreadsheet Capabilities Stuart Dixon Resource Manager Purpose Single view of resource data Shows rolling demand vs supply for 14 months, 2 months back, current month, and 11 forward
More informationAssignment 4 CPSC 217 L02 Purpose. Important Note. Data visualization
Assignment 4 CPSC 217 L02 Purpose You will be writing a Python program to read data from a file and visualize this data using an external drawing tool. You will structure your program using modules and
More informationEnd of Life Content Report November 2014. Produced By The NHS Choices Reporting Team CH.NHSChoices-Reporting@nhs.net
End of Life Content Report November 2014 Produced By The NHS Choices Reporting Team CH.NHSChoices-Reporting@nhs.net End of Life Dashboard Page 1 Overall Choices Site Visits Tag cloud showing end of life
More informationPatient survey report 2008. Category C Ambulance Service User Survey 2008 North East Ambulance Service NHS Trust
Patient survey report 2008 Category C Ambulance Service User Survey 2008 The national Category C Ambulance Service User Survey 2008 was designed, developed and co-ordinated by the Acute Surveys Co-ordination
More informationAnalyzing Material Management Techniques on Construction Project Ashwini R. Patil, Smita V. Pataskar
Analyzing Material Management Techniques on Construction Project Ashwini R. Patil, Smita V. Pataskar Abstract The efficient procurement of material represents a key role in the successful completion of
More informationInsurance and Banking Subcommittee
Insurance and Banking Subcommittee Citizens Depopulation Update September 16, 2015 Christine Ashburn VP Communications, Legislative and External Affairs 2 3 Depopulation Customer Communications 1. 40 days
More informationThe ECB s operations amid the financial turmoil: experience and policy lessons
The ECB s operations amid the financial turmoil: experience and policy lessons Francisco Ramon-Ballester Advisor, European Central Bank Office at the International Monetary Fund Mexico DF, 24 April 2008
More informationDeep Security Intrusion Detection & Prevention (IDS/IPS) Coverage Statistics and Comparison
Deep Security Intrusion Detection & Prevention (IDS/IPS) Trend Micro, Incorporated A technical brief summarizing vulnerability coverage provided by Deep Security. The document also outlines a comparison
More informationMANAGEMENT INFORMATION REPORT Department for Business Innovations & Skills (BIS)
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION REPORT Department for Business Innovations & Skills (BIS) Version 3.2 9/1/215 Clyde & Co 4 th Floor, Collingwood House, 3 Collingwood Street, Newcastle, NE1 1JW T: 191 229 223 F:
More informationIT S ALL ABOUT THE CUSTOMER FORECASTING 101
IT S ALL ABOUT THE CUSTOMER FORECASTING 101 Ed White CPIM, CIRM, CSCP, CPF, LSSBB Chief Value Officer Jade Trillium Consulting April 01, 2015 Biography Ed White CPIM CIRM CSCP CPF LSSBB is the founder
More informationWe would like to thank the members of the working group for their contribution to the concept of the WTF Taekwondo Grand Prix.
PROPOSED CONCEPT We would like to thank the members of the working group for their contribution to the concept of the WTF Taekwondo Grand Prix. Philippe Bouedo and Fédération Française de Taekwondo Gary
More informationChange-Point Analysis: A Powerful New Tool For Detecting Changes
Change-Point Analysis: A Powerful New Tool For Detecting Changes WAYNE A. TAYLOR Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Round Lake, IL 60073 Change-point analysis is a powerful new tool for determining whether
More informationINCREASING FORECASTING ACCURACY OF TREND DEMAND BY NON-LINEAR OPTIMIZATION OF THE SMOOTHING CONSTANT
58 INCREASING FORECASTING ACCURACY OF TREND DEMAND BY NON-LINEAR OPTIMIZATION OF THE SMOOTHING CONSTANT Sudipa Sarker 1 * and Mahbub Hossain 2 1 Department of Industrial and Production Engineering Bangladesh
More informationYield Reduction due to Shading:
1x4 1x16 10 x CBC Energy A/S x Danfoss Solar Inverters CBC-40W Poly 40 W TLX 1,5k 5 ; 1x11 3x4 0 1,5kW 1536 x CBC Energy A/S 1 x Power-One CBC-40W Poly 40 W TRIO-7,6-TL-OUTD 30 ; 4x14 0 7,6kW Location:
More informationPOLICY FEEDING RENEWABLE. How the Energy Bill might affect green electricity suppliers and also renewable generators
FEEDING RENEWABLE POLICY How the Energy Bill might affect green electricity suppliers and also renewable generators Holly Tomlinson Regulation and Compliance Analyst for Ecotricity 18 th January 2013 Contents
More informationComputer Software Bugs and Other IT Threats to Critical Infrastructure: A Preliminary Set of Considerations for IT Governance
Computer Software Bugs and Other IT Threats to Critical Infrastructure: A Preliminary Set of Considerations for IT Governance Presentation for the Seventh European Academic Conference on Internal Audit
More informationDCF - CJTS WC Claim Count ACCT DCF CJTS - Restraints InjuryLocation (All)
- CJTS WC Claim Count ACCT CJTS - Restraints InjuryLocation (All) Month Occur Mo Txt Loc Descr 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Grand Total 1 Jul CJTS Custody 8 12 5 8 11 44 2 CJTS Girls Unit 4 4 Jul Total 9 12
More informationOLDER PEOPLE IN HAMMERSMITH AND FULHAM - FUTURE NURSING HOME PROVISION
AGENDA ITEM NO. 5 HEALTH AND ADULT SOCIAL CARE SCRUTINY COMMITTEE 16 November 2006 SUBJECT OLDER PEOPLE IN HAMMERSMITH AND FULHAM - FUTURE NURSING HOME PROVISION WARD/S ALL CONTRIBUTORS PCT SYNOPSIS This
More informationQi Liu Rutgers Business School ISACA New York 2013
Qi Liu Rutgers Business School ISACA New York 2013 1 What is Audit Analytics The use of data analysis technology in Auditing. Audit analytics is the process of identifying, gathering, validating, analyzing,
More informationProposal to Reduce Opening Hours at the Revenues & Benefits Coventry Call Centre
Proposal to Reduce Opening Hours at the Revenues & Benefits Coventry Call Centre Proposal To change the opening hours of the Revenues & Benefits Call Centre to 9am until 5pm Monday to Friday with effect
More informationDetailed information regarding group companies
Detailed information regarding group companies Credit Suisse Group AG, direct und indirect through its subsidiaries Credit Suisse Group Finance (Guernsey) Limited, Helvetia Court, Les Echelons, South Esplanade,
More informationRobeco High Yield Bonds
Important Information 1. Robeco High Yield Bonds (the Fund aims to provide long term capital growth. The Fund invests at least two thirds of its total assets in bonds, asset backed securities and similar
More informationASSURING THE QUALITY OF TEST RESULTS
Page 1 of 12 Sections Included in this Document and Change History 1. Purpose 2. Scope 3. Responsibilities 4. Background 5. References 6. Procedure/(6. B changed Division of Field Science and DFS to Office
More informationPlanning and Performance Management Framework
This document is available, on request, in accessible formats, including Braille, CD, audio cassette and minority languages. Planning and Performance Management Framework NT/SPP/08/08/5648 0.5k CCD Index
More informationAlcohol. Alcohol SECTION 10. Contents:
Contents: Alcohol Alcohol SECTION 1 Figure 1.1 Number of Collisions and Victims Involving Alcohol by Year 69 1.2 Per cent of Collisions and Victims Involving Alcohol by Year 7 1.3 Alcohol-Involved Collisions
More informationDeriving Investor Sentiment from Options Markets
Deriving Investor Sentiment from Options Markets Chikashi TSUJI February 28, 29 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to introduce the put call ratio (PCR) as an investor sentiment index, and show the
More informationAn Introduction to Internal Audits
An BRC Global Standards. Trust in Quality Internal Audits (Section 3.4 excluding 3.4.4) An internal audit is any audit completed by or on behalf of the company, rather than conducted by a second or third
More informationOregon s Experience Accepting Online Credit and Debit Payments
Oregon s Experience Accepting Online Credit and Debit Payments Statistical Charts and Examples Page 1 of 8 How Oregon s Case Validation Works Semi-Technical Speak As part of their process, a vendor using
More informationINSTITUTIONAL INVESTMENT & FIDUCIARY SERVICES: Building a Better Portfolio: The Case for High Yield Bonds
14\GBS\22\25062C.docx INSTITUTIONAL INVESTMENT & FIDUCIARY SERVICES: Building a Better Portfolio: The Case for High Yield Bonds By Adam Marks, Area Vice President and Jamia Canlas, Senior Analyst By looking
More informationStart Your. Business Plan
STEP-GUIDE OF HOW Start Your Waste Collection Service A STEP-BY-STEP-GUIDE OF HOW TO START A COMMUNITY-BASED WASTE COLLECTION SERVICE Start Your Waste Collection Service Business Plan INTERNATIONAL LABOUR
More informationConsumer ID Theft Total Costs
Billions Consumer and Business Identity Theft Statistics Business identity (ID) theft is a growing crime and is a growing concern for state filing offices. Similar to consumer ID theft, after initially
More informationMedia Planning. Marketing Communications 2002
Media Planning Marketing Communications 2002 Media Terminology Media Planning - A series of decisions involving the delivery of messages to audiences. Media Objectives - Goals to be attained by the media
More informationDepartment of Public Welfare (DPW)
Department of Public Welfare (DPW) Office of Income Maintenance Electronic Benefits Transfer Card Risk Management Report Out-of-State Residency Review FISCAL YEAR 2012-2013 June 2013 (March, April and
More informationTrimble Navigation Limited (NasdaqGS:TRMB) > Public Ownership > Officials' Trading
Trimble Navigation Limited (NasdaqGS:TRMB) > Public Ownership > Officials' Trading Individual Trades Holder Name Trade Date Range Transacted Shares Transaction Value (USD) Transaction Type Price Range
More informationNORTH EAST Regional Road Safety Resource
NORTH EAST Regional Road Safety Resource Project Report: 1. Regional Overview of Pedal Cycle Accidents 2005 2007. Produced May 2008. Natalie Goodman Project is supported by the Department of Transport.
More informationEmployers Compliance with the Health Insurance Act Annual Report 2015
Employers Compliance with the Health Insurance Act Annual Report 2015 ea Health Council Health Council: Employers Compliance with the Health Insurance Act 1970 Annual Report 2015 Contact us: If you would
More informationDisclaimer: Forward Looking Statements
Disclaimer: Forward Looking Statements This presentation/announcement may contain forward looking statements with projections regarding, among other things, the Company s strategy, revenues, earnings,
More informationDATA QUALITY VISUALIZATION TOOLS ON ARCHIVED HISTORICAL FREEWAY TRAFFIC DATA
DATA QUALITY VISUALIZATION TOOLS ON ARCHIVED HISTORICAL FREEWAY TRAFFIC DATA Jothan P. Samuelson, Maricopa Association of Governments TRB NATMEC Conference June 6, 2012 2012, All Rights Reserved 1 Project
More informationInterest Rates. Countrywide Building Society. Savings Growth Data Sheet. Gross (% per annum)
Interest Rates (% per annum) Countrywide Building Society This is the rate of simple interest earned in a year (before deducting tax). Dividing by 12 gives the monthly rate of interest. Annual Equivalent
More informationCHOOSE MY BEST PLAN OPTION (PLAN FINDER) INSTRUCTIONS
CHOOSE MY BEST PLAN OPTION (PLAN FINDER) INSTRUCTIONS Anthem Medical Plan For Employees Working In the US February 10, 2012 Page 1 IMPORTANT NOTES YOU SHOULD CONSIDER BEFORE USING THE TOOL The Choose My
More informationGrid Operations and Planning
Grid Operations and Planning Report Kent Saathoff ERCOT Board of Directors April 20, 2010 Kent Content Summary March 2010 Operations Peak Demand: Actual vs. Forecast On-line Resources: Total at Peak and
More information