to QS University Rankings : Asia 2014

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1 Who s Grrreat? QS University Rankings: Asia 2014

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3 Welcome to QS University Rankings : Asia 2014 This year marks the sixth annual edition of QS University Rankings: Asia, the first regional variant on the QS World University Rankings, which have been published annually since As in previous years, the methodology of the global rankings has been adapted to more closely reflect the circumstances and priorities of universities in the region, as well as incorporating data that is available regionally but not globally Ben Sowter, head of QS Intelligence Unit QS University Rankings: Asia uses nine indicators, rather than the six used in QS World University Rankings. Whereas QS World University Rankings measures research via citations per faculty, QS University Rankings: Asia splits the indicator into papers per faculty and citations per paper. The international faculty and student ratio measures are also supplemented by information on inbound and outbound exchange students. The record survey response levels generated as part of the 2013/14 QS World University Rankings mean that this year s QS University Rankings: Asia draw on the largest ever sample of the views of the continent s academics and employers. The use of a consistent methodology means that these rankings now offer an unrivalled insight into state of higher education in the region across a six-year period. Whereas QS World University Rankings allow us to track the progress of Asian universities in their long-term goal of achieving a greater level of parity with the top institutions in the West, QS University Rankings: Asia shows that within the region competition remains fierce. The established big players in the region, Hong Kong and Japan, are increasingly seeing their dominance threatened by Singapore, Korea and Mainland China. The rankings also let us track the progress of the region s developing economic powerhouses, India and the ASEAN. As well as containing the full results of this year s QS University Rankings: Asia, this supplement provides expert commentary and analysis outlining this year s key trends, as well as a closer look at the progress of universities in India and the ASEAN. Further commentary and details of all QS research and rankings exercises can be found at QS University Rankings: Asia

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5 Singapore and Korea take the lead in new-look QS University Rankings: Asia By Danny Byrne Hong Kong and Japan have been the dominant forces in Asian higher education for at least the past decade, but this year s QS University Rankings: Asia suggest the tide may be turning This year s table sees Singapore and Korea emerge as the leaders in a new-look top ten, with National University of Singapore (NUS) taking the top-spot for the first time in its history. And behind it, Korea s KAIST is the biggest riser in the top ten, moving up four places to secure second place. Singapore and Korea have been on an upward trajectory in recent years, with both countries channeling their current economic dynamism into ambitious higher education investment programs. NUS and Nanyang Technological University are currently enjoying the benefits of a S$16.1 billion government scheme to improve their performance in science, technology and innovation, just the latest of five successive five-year plans rolled out since Increased government spending has coincided with aggressive internationalization programs, alongside greater private-sector collaboration, most notably with Singapore s burgeoning high-tech start-up sector. The rankings testify to the success of these policies, with NUS and NTU emerging over the past ten years as two of the undisputed powerhouses of Asian higher education. NUS s all-round performance establishes it as the region s number one institution this year, making the top 20 in 8 of the 9 indicators a feat unmatched by any other institution. NUS retains its position as the most highly regarded institution among graduate employers, and a slight improvement in research productivity this year was enough to push it up into the top spot. Nanyang Technological University also continues its ascent towards the summit of the rankings, moving up three places to seventh, its highest ever position. If Singapore has focused on improving the performance of two elite institutions, Korea has mobilized its sector en masse, having transformed its higher education participation rates from among the lowest to the highest in the OECD in the space of a generation. KAIST s success is reflected across the nation s leading universities, with 14 of the top 20 Korean institutions maintaining or improving their 2013 performance. KAIST s surge up to second place has been achieved through an improved performance in the research-based metrics, alongside a concerted effort to internationalize. KAIST now makes the top 10 for papers per faculty, and has significantly improved its score for citations per paper. Teaching nearly all classes in English has laid the foundations for KAIST s concerted internationalization program, and the university has greatly increased its participation in exchange schemes at both undergraduate and postgraduate level. Yet if Singapore and Korea are on the rise, Hong Kong and Japan have both seen their top institutions slip down the table this year. HKU drops one place to third and HKUST falls from first to fifth, making this the first year that a Hong Kong institution has failed to top the rankings since they were first compiled in However, this downward trajectory may well be temporary. The so-called double cohort resulting from the switch to a four-year undergraduate degree model in 2012 means both institutions have seen their score for faculty/student ratio suffer, which coincided with the improvements made by NUS and KAIST to knock them off the top spots. However, if Hong Kong s slip has an identifiable short-term cause, Japan s decline seems less easily reversible. University of Tokyo drops to 10th this year, its lowest ever position. Having QS University Rankings: Asia

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7 ranked 3rd in the inaugural QS University Rankings: Asia in 2009, Tokyo s position has since progressively declined. Despite remaining the region s top institution for academic reputation and second to NUS in the eyes of employers, Tokyo has struggled to keep pace with its rivals internationalization programs. Whereas institutions from Singapore and Hong Kong in particular have succeeded in attracting top international academics and students in vast numbers, Tokyo ranks outside of the top 100 in three of the four internationalization indicators used in the rankings. This pattern is reflected across the rest of Japan s institutions, as the sector struggles to fulfil its ambition of doubling its intake of international students to 300,000 by Just one of Japan s top 20 institutions makes the top 50 for its proportion of international students, a pattern matched in the international faculty indicator. This internationalization gap has coincided with a failure to keep up with the pace of change across the other indicators, as Japan struggles to bounce back from the aftermath of the financial crisis, in contrast with the economic dynamism of much of the rest of the region. Just three of Japan s top 20 institutions improved their position this year, with 13 ranking lower than in In April 2014 a joint British Council and Oxford University report* found that Englishlanguage instruction is the most significant internationalization trend in global higher education, and this year s rankings demonstrate its effects on the respective fortunes of Asian institutions. While Singapore and Hong Kong go from strength to strength, and the Englishteaching policies of KAIST contribute to its improvements, Japan and China s institutions are both held back in part by their failure to achieve similarly comprehensive levels of global engagement. On a national level China continues its slow advance up the tables, and 13 of its top 20 On a national level China continues its slow advance up the tables, and 13 of its top 20 institutions have improved their position this year institutions have improved their position this year. Yet at the top of the table the progress of Peking University and Tsinghua appears to have stalled, and there is little indication that the sort of wholesale regional dominance that some have predicted is likely to happen any time soon. In the past decade China s total expenditure on research and development has increased at an average rate of about 20% annually, and this has enabled vast improvements in both the volume and impact of its institutions research. Citation scores have increased again in this year s rankings for the majority of Chinese institutions. Yet Peking and Tsinghua s scores are still relatively modest compared to institutions that publish a great deal of research in English, such as NUS and HKU. While Singapore, Korea, Hong Kong, China and Japan remain the major players in Asian higher education, several other countries can point to signs of progress this year. Taiwan once again has 12 institutions in the top 100, of which 8 have improved their position, with National Taiwan University ranking 21st. Malaysia s top four all make slight improvements, with Universiti Malaya moving up one place to 31st. Thailand s top institution Mahidol University edges up two places into the top 40, while Philippine institutions have arrested their slide down the table in recent years, with five of the top six regaining some of the ground they lost in Four Indonesian institutions make the top 200, led by University of Indonesia in 71st. The major missing piece from this jigsaw puzzle, India is dealt with at greater length in a separate article in this supplement though this year s rankings show that it still has some way to go before it can compete at the level of the top institutions in the region. IIT Delhi maintains its 2013 position of 38th, but it is the only one of India s top 8 institutions not to rank lower than last year. As in previous years, the IITs strong employer reputation and relatively high volume of published research is offset by weak scores for student/faculty ratio, research citations and internationalization. * English as a medium of instruction a growing global phenomenon: phase 1

8 8 QS University Rankings: Asia

9 Top 250 in QS University Rankings: Asia

10 QS University Rankings: Asia Top rank 2013 rank Institution Country/Territory Classification Academic Reputation Employer Reputation Faculty Student Papers per Faculty Citations per Paper International Faculty International Students Inbound Exchange Students Outbound Exchange Students Overall SIZE FOCUS RES. AGE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE 1 2 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE (NUS) SG XL FC VH KAIST - KOREA ADVANCED INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY KR M CO VH UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG (HKU) HK L FC VH SEOUL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY (SNU) KR L FC VH THE HONG KONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (HKUST) HK M CO VH THE CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG (CUHK) HK L FC VH NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY (NTU) SG L CO VH PEKING UNIVERSITY CN XL FC VH POHANG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (POSTECH) KR S FO VH THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO JP L FC VH CITY UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG HK M CO VH KYOTO UNIVERSITY JP L FC VH OSAKA UNIVERSITY JP L FC VH TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY CN XL FC VH TOKYO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JP M CO VH YONSEI UNIVERSITY KR L FC VH SUNGKYUNKWAN UNIVERSITY KR L FC VH = 19 KOREA UNIVERSITY KR L FC VH = 17 TOHOKU UNIVERSITY JP L FC VH NAGOYA UNIVERSITY JP L FC VH NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY (NTU) TW XL FC VH FUDAN UNIVERSITY CN XL FC VH HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY JP L FC VH KYUSHU UNIVERSITY JP L FC VH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF CHINA CN L CO VH NANJING UNIVERSITY CN XL FC VH THE HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY HK L CO VH SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY CN XL FC VH = 36 HANYANG UNIVERSITY KR L FC VH = 30 NATIONAL CHIAO TUNG UNIVERSITY TW M CO VH ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY CN XL FC VH UNIVERSITI MALAYA (UM) MY L FC VH NATIONAL TSING HUA UNIVERSITY TW M CO VH UNIVERSITY OF TSUKUBA JP L FC VH KEIO UNIVERSITY JP XL FC VH NATIONAL CHENG KUNG UNIVERSITY TW L FC VH KYUNG HEE UNIVERSITY KR L FC VH INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DELHI (IITD) IN M CO VH EWHA WOMANS UNIVERSITY KR L FC HI MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY TH L FC HI INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BOMBAY (IITB) IN M CO VH BEIJING NORMAL UNIVERSITY CN L CO VH KOBE UNIVERSITY JP L FC VH WASEDA UNIVERSITY JP XL CO VH HONG KONG BAPTIST UNIVERSITY (HKBU) HK M FC HI TAIPEI MEDICAL UNIVERSITY TW M FO VH HIROSHIMA UNIVERSITY JP L FC VH CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY TH XL FC HI NATIONAL YANG MING UNIVERSITY TW S FC VH NANKAI UNIVERSITY CN L FC VH QS University Rankings: Asia

11 QS University Rankings: Asia Top rank 2013 rank Institution Country/Territory Classification Academic Reputation Employer Reputation Faculty Student Papers per Faculty Citations per Paper International Faculty International Students Inbound Exchange Students Outbound Exchange Students Overall SIZE FOCUS RES. AGE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TW M FO VH INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KANPUR (IITK) IN M CO VH INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MADRAS (IITM) IN M CO VH = 52 SOGANG UNIVERSITY KR M CO VH = 55 SUN YAT-SEN UNIVERSITY CN XL FC VH UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA (UKM) MY L FC VH = 61 UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA (USM) MY L FC VH = 56 XI'AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY CN L FC VH NATIONAL CENTRAL UNIVERSITY TW M CO VH INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KHARAGPUR (IITKGP) IN M FO VH TOKYO MEDICAL AND DENTAL UNIVERSITY JP S FO VH CHIBA UNIVERSITY JP L FC HI = 67 UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES PH XL FC MD = 70 WUHAN UNIVERSITY CN XL FC VH TONGJI UNIVERSITY CN XL FC VH UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA (UTM) MY L CO VH KANAZAWA UNIVERSITY JP M FC VH = 71 CHUNG-ANG UNIVERSITY KR L FC HI = 64 PUSAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY KR L FC VH INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE (IITR) IN M FO VH UNIVERSITY OF INDONESIA ID XL FC MD SHANGHAI UNIVERSITY CN XL CO VH = 75 HANKUK UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN STUDIES KR L CO MD = 63 NATIONAL SUN YAT-SEN UNIVERSITY TW M CO VH NATIONAL TAIWAN NORMAL UNIVERSITY TW L CO HI UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA (UPM) MY L FC VH HARBIN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CN XL FO VH RENMIN (PEOPLE S) UNIVERSITY OF CHINA CN L FO VH = 77 BEIHANG UNIVERSITY CN L CO VH = 88 BEIJING INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CN L FO VH = 93 CHANG GUNG UNIVERSITY TW M FO VH = 80 UNIVERSITY OF DELHI IN XL FC HI = 83 UNIVERSITY OF SEOUL KR M CO HI SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY CN L FC VH = 77 KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY KR L FC VH = 91 XIAMEN UNIVERSITY CN XL FC VH CHONBUK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY KR L FC HI OKAYAMA UNIVERSITY JP L FC HI NATIONAL CHUNG HSING UNIVERSITY TW L CO VH OSAKA CITY UNIVERSITY JP M FC VH THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF KOREA KR M FC VH CHIANG MAI UNIVERSITY TH L FC HI TIANJIN UNIVERSITY CN L CO VH TOKYO METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY JP M CO VH INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY GUWAHATI (IITG) IN S CO VH = 106 DONGGUK UNIVERSITY KR L FC HI = 85 INHA UNIVERSITY KR L FC HI = 81 TOKYO UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY JP M FO VH = 117 EAST CHINA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CN L CO VH = 96 KUMAMOTO UNIVERSITY JP M FC VH QS University Rankings: Asia

12 QS University Rankings: Asia Top rank 2013 rank Institution Country/Territory Classification Academic Reputation Employer Reputation Faculty Student Papers per Faculty Citations per Paper International Faculty International Students Inbound Exchange Students Outbound Exchange Students Overall SIZE FOCUS RES. AGE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE SCORE CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY KR L FC HI HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CN XL FC VH = 124 CHINA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY CN L FC VH = 76 TOKYO UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE JP L FO VH JILIN UNIVERSITY CN XL FC VH = - PAKISTAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES (PIEAS) PK S SP LO = 112 SHANDONG UNIVERSITY CN XL FC VH EAST CHINA NORMAL UNIVERSITY CN L CO VH BEIJING JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY CN L CO VH NAGASAKI UNIVERSITY JP M CO VH SICHUAN UNIVERSITY CN XL FC VH HITOTSUBASHI UNIVERSITY JP M SP HI CHUNGNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY KR L FC HI AJOU UNIVERSITY KR M FC VH ATENEO DE MANILA UNIVERSITY PH M FC MD AGA KHAN UNIVERSITY PK S YOKOHAMA CITY UNIVERSITY JP S CO VH BEIJING UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY CN L CO VH = 116 NATIONAL CHENGCHI UNIVERSITY TW L CO HI = 121 SAITAMA UNIVERSITY JP M CO VH = 111 UNIVERSITY OF ULSAN KR L FC HI NIIGATA UNIVERSITY JP L FC HI = 133 NATIONAL TAIPEI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY TW M FO VH = 119 QUAID-I-AZAM UNIVERSITY PK M CO VH = 129 BANDUNG INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (ITB) ID L CO HI = 129 DALIAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY CN L CO VH AIRLANGGA UNIVERSITY ID L FC LO LINGNAN UNIVERSITY (HONG KONG) HK S SP HI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY (NUST) ISLAMABAD PK M CO HI GUNMA UNIVERSITY JP M FO VH = 143 UNIVERSITY OF CALCUTTA IN XL CO HI = 140 UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI IN XL FC MD UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BEIJING CN L CO VH = 118 HALLYM UNIVERSITY KR M FC HI = 107 THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY TH XL FC MD LANZHOU UNIVERSITY CN L CO VH OSAKA PREFECTURE UNIVERSITY JP M CO VH SHINSHU UNIVERSITY JP M FC VH CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY CN XL FC VH GIFU UNIVERSITY JP M FC VH UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS PH XL FC LO = - BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY IN XL FC HI = 135 KONKUK UNIVERSITY KR L FC HI = 146 PRINCE OF SONGKLA UNIVERSITY TH XL FC MD = INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA (IIUM) MY L FC HI = 133 UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA ID XL FC MD YEUNGNAM UNIVERSITY KR L FC HI YOKOHAMA NATIONAL UNIVERSITY JP M CO VH TOKAI UNIVERSITY JP L FC HI BEIJING FOREIGN STUDIES UNIVERSITY CN M SP LO QS University Rankings: Asia

13 QS University Rankings: Asia Top 250 QS University Rankings: Asia Top rank 2013 rank Institution Country/Territory 2014 rank 2013 rank Institution Country/Territory DE LA SALLE UNIVERSITY PH DONGHUA UNIVERSITY CN FENG CHIA UNIVERSITY TW KAGOSHIMA UNIVERSITY JP KASETSART UNIVERSITY TH KITASATO UNIVERSITY JP NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF DEFENSE TECHNOLOGY CN SEJONG UNIVERSITY KR SOOKMYUNG WOMEN'S UNIVERSITY KR UNIVERSITY OF MIYAZAKI JP YAMAGUCHI UNIVERSITY JP GAKUSHUIN UNIVERSITY JP GYEONGSANG NATIONAL UNIVERSITY KR MIE UNIVERSITY JP NORTHWESTERN POLYTECHNICAL UNIVERSITY CN RITSUMEIKAN UNIVERSITY JP SOPHIA UNIVERSITY JP SOUTH CHINA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY CN VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI VN YAMAGATA UNIVERSITY JP HUNAN UNIVERSITY CN INJE UNIVERSITY KR KHON KAEN UNIVERSITY TH KYOTO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JP NATIONAL CHUNG CHENG UNIVERSITY TW OCHANOMIZU UNIVERSITY JP PANJAB UNIVERSITY IN SHIZUOKA UNIVERSITY JP TOYOTA TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE JP UNIVERSITY OF BRUNEI DARUSSALAM BN UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA BD BEIJING UNIVERSITY OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY CN CHUNGBUK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY KR INTERNATIONAL CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY JP KING MONGKUT'S UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY THONBURI TH KOCHI UNIVERSITY JP LAHORE UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES (LUMS) PK MANIPAL UNIVERSITY IN RIKKYO UNIVERSITY JP UNIVERSITY OF ELECTRONIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF CHINA CN BEIJING UNIVERSITY OF CHINESE MEDICINE CN CHONGQING UNIVERSITY CN KYUSHU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JP NANJING AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY CN NATIONAL TAIWAN OCEAN UNIVERSITY TW SAGA UNIVERSITY JP SHANGHAI NORMAL UNIVERSITY CN SOOCHOW UNIVERSITY CN UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS (PETRONAS) MY VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - HO CHI MINH CITY (VNU-HCM) VN AKITA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY JP AKITA PREFECTURAL UNIVERSITY JP AOYAMA GAKUIN UNIVERSITY JP BEIJING UNIVERSITY OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS CN BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE IN BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ID BURAPHA UNIVERSITY TH CHINA PHARMACEUTICAL UNIVERSITY CN COMSATS INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PK DANKOOK UNIVERSITY KR DIPONEGORO UNIVERSITY ID FU JEN CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY TW HARBIN ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY CN HIROSAKI UNIVERSITY JP HUAZHONG AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY CN INDIAN INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY(IIIT) - ALLAHABAD IN IWATE UNIVERSITY JP JAPAN WOMEN'S UNIVERSITY JP KANGWON NATIONAL UNIVERSITY KR KINKI UNIVERSITY (KINDAI UNIVERSITY) JP KOOKMIN UNIVERSITY KR KYOTO UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION JP MEIJI UNIVERSITY JP MULTIMEDIA UNIVERSITY (MMU) MY NANJING UNIVERSITY OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS CN NANJING UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CN NARA WOMEN'S UNIVERSITY JP NIHON UNIVERSITY JP NORTHEAST NORMAL UNIVERSITY CN NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY (CHINA) CN OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA CN PADJADJARAN UNIVERSITY ID SEOUL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY KR SHAANXI NORMAL UNIVERSITY CN SHANGHAI INTERNATIONAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY CN SHANGHAI UNIVERSITY OF FINANCE AND ECONOMICS CN SOONCHUNHYANG UNIVERSITY KR SOUTH CHINA NORMAL UNIVERSITY CN THE UNIVERSITY OF SHIMANE JP UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK (UNIMAS) MY UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UITM) MY UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA (UUM) MY UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA PERLIS (UNIMAP) MY UNIVERSITY OF COLOMBO LK UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI PK UNIVERSITY OF MACAU MO UNIVERSITY OF MALAYSIA SABAH (UMS) MY UNIVERSITY OF PUNE IN UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB PK YUAN ZE UNIVERSITY TW YUNNAN UNIVERSITY CN To view the complete ranking check QS University Rankings: Asia

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15 The Rise of Asia: Myth or Reality? By Danny Byrne Observers of global higher education have long predicted that it is only a matter of time before Asian universities achieve parity with those in the US and UK. Yet a decade on from the publication of the inaugural QS World University Rankings, there is still no Asian university in the global top 20 Countries such as China, Hong Kong, Singapore and Korea have made huge increases in funding, launched ambitious recruitment programs for international students and faculty, and made great strides forward in research and development. Yet 14 years into the Asian century the leading group of Anglophone institutions is still proving exceedingly difficult to supplant. Five years ago in 2009, the highest-ranking Asian institution was Japan s University of Tokyo in 22nd, ahead of University of Hong Kong (24th) and Kyoto University (25th). Since then, at least at the top end of the table, the internal reconfiguration of the balance of power within Asia has been more striking than any global shift from West to East. Whereas Japan has suffered more than its regional competitors in the aftermath of the financial crisis, the likes of Singapore, Hong Kong and mainland China have maintained impressive growth and with it, a dynamic program to improve the competitiveness of their top institutions. Accordingly, in the past five years National University of Singapore ( NUS) has improved its regional rank from fifth to first in the QS World University Rankings, while University of Tokyo has dropped from first to third. Yet despite being on an upward trajectory on a regional level, NUS s 2013/14 global rank of 24th is actually two places lower than Tokyo s position was in University of Hong Kong (HKU) is 26th, its lowest position in the last five years, while University of Tokyo has dropped to 31st. This means there are just two Asian institutions in the global top 30 in the 2013/14 QS World University Rankings, one fewer than in 2012/13, and three fewer than the five achieved in Meanwhile, the number of Asian institutions in the top 20 has remained constant in all five of those years: Zero. The science-focused Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) tells a similar story, with the highest ranked Asian institutions still stalling on the verge of the top 20. So what is preventing the region s universities from matching their Western rivals, and is it time that predictions of the rise of Asia were reconsidered? If the top 20 has proved elusive for leading Asian institutions so far, it is not a result of any deficiency in academic reputation. University of Tokyo, National University of Singapore, Kyoto University and Peking University are all placed within the global top 20 by the world s academics. The global nature of the survey, with a response base of over 70,000, makes this a strong indication that they are regarded as having achieved academic parity with their Western peers in a wide range of disciplines. Asian universities such as HKU, HKUST, NUS and Nanyang Technological University are also among the world s most thoroughly internationalized. In many cases they lead the top US institutions in this regard, though they remain slightly behind the most popular institutions in Australia and the UK. Yet a closer look at the data suggests that while many Asian universities have made major strides in extending their global reputation, attracting leading students and academics, and increasing their research output, on other measures there remains a significant gap. QS University Rankings: Asia

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17 Only six Asian universities make the top 100 for citations per faculty member, an indicator in which the US takes all of the top ten spots, and 52 of the top 100. This measure is skewed towards institutions with a large medical school, which is one of the reasons why QS includes the discipline-neutral academic reputation survey as our primary measure of research excellence. So perhaps the major difference at present between the leading Asian institutions and those in the West is that they have yet to achieve the sort of comprehensive all-round excellence that has helped MIT, Imperial College London and Oxford make the top 50 in all six indicators. Yet to draw from this the conclusion that the challenge posed by Asia has been overstated may also be simplistic. Yet the STEM disciplines favored by citationsbased metrics are largely those in which Asian governments have concentrated their resources in the past two decades, so the fact that there is still a major gap is indicative of a genuine cause for concern. Whereas the top US institutions for citations correlate reasonably strongly with those that perform the best overall, this is not generally the case with Asian institutions. The global top 10 for citations includes Caltech, Harvard, Stanford, UCLA and MIT all major comprehensive institutions that also happen to have major strengths in citation-driven areas such as biomedical research and the human sciences. In contrast, the major Asian comprehensive institutions such as University of Tokyo, NUS and HKU record comparatively modest scores for research citations, and indeed three of the top four Asian institutions are science and technology-focused specialist institutions: POSTECH, Tokyo Institute of Technology and Tokyo University of Science. While this reflects the nature of the indicator to some extent, it may also stem from the policy of concentrating scientific research within specialist institutions. This approach accounts in part for the comparatively poor overall performance of India s IITs, for example, in comparison with Western competitors that are active in a far greater range of disciplines. The situation in the student/faculty ratio indicator is similar, if less polarized. Here 24 of the top 100 institutions are Asian, eight more than the 16 that make the top 100 in the overall table. Yet here again, in contrast with the US, the top Asian institutions overall are not always those with the best student/faculty ratios. As a global trend, this is an indicator that often favors smaller research-focused institutions over big comprehensives with a larger and more diverse student intake. Yet even so, the global top ten still features the likes of Yale, Caltech, Johns Hopkins, Oxford and MIT. In contrast, the top Asian institutions are both specialist institutions, Tokyo Medical and Dental University and POSTECH, while none of the region s top five all-round institutions make the top 50. Despite the seemingly arrested development of the top Asian institutions relative to their Western peers, on an overall regional level the picture over the past few years has been one of almost uninterrupted improvement. There are already 17% more Asian universities in the global top 200 since the recession. And the QS Top 50 Under 50 ranking shows that Asia can boast three of the world s top four young institutions, a clear sign of the region s dynamism. The strides made by Asian institutions are even more apparent in QS World University Rankings by Subject. Despite struggling to break into the top 20 in the overall rankings, NUS makes the global top 10 in 9 different disciplines. Asia accounts for ten of the top 30 institutions in chemical, civil and electrical engineering, and eight in mechanical engineering, showing that several institutions throughout the region can now be considered serious global players in the high-impact STEM disciplines. Over the past few years the picture at regional level has been one of almost uninterrupted improvement Several Asian institutions are already competing on an even footing with the best the West has to offer in a range of discipline areas. But the strengths of Asian institutions in specialized discipline areas have yet to be extended to the sort of comprehensive all-round excellence exhibited by the likes of MIT, Harvard or Cambridge. Progress may have hit a bottleneck at the top of the overall rankings, but with sustained investment and economic growth throughout the region, it is surely only a matter of time before that starts to change.

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19 ASEAN: Asia s new economic powerhouse By Danny Byrne In the decade since the inaugural QS World University Rankings in 2004, there has been plenty of attention surrounding the progress of established Asian countries such as China, Hong Kong, Japan and Korea towards achieving their goal of building world-leading higher education systems. Yet there has been comparatively little focus on the rise of Asia s next global economic force: the ASEAN. The Boston Consulting Group and McKinsey & Company have predicted that by 2020 there will be 100 million people with middle class spending patterns across the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN): Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. The ASEAN countries are home to 600 million people, with a combined nominal GDP of US$ 2.3 trillion in 2012, which was predicted to grow at an annual rate of 5.5% during What is also striking is the region s economic ambition: by 2015, the ASEAN aims to integrate the whole Southeast Asia region into the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), with free movement of goods, services, investment, labor and capital. higher education institutions and 12 million students in 10 nations. The ultimate goal of the scheme is to set up a Common Space of Higher Education in Southeast Asia. Individual ASEAN governments have increased public investment in universities to support the ASEAN Higher Education Area, and the region s burgeoning knowledge economy. Measures have been set up to strengthen the performance of Southeast Asian universities across a wide range of indicators such as teaching, learning, research, enterprise and innovation. These initiatives also pave the way for further collaboration and integration between universities in the region, enhancing the overall reputation of Asian universities compared to their competitors in the West and elsewhere in the world. It is not surprising to see the improved performance of many ASEAN universities in this year s QS University Rankings: Asia. Top 10 ASEAN universities in the QS University Rankings: Asia 2014 Nine of the top ten ASEAN institutions either maintained or improved their position in this year s rankings, which shows that the region as a whole is on an upward trajectory, says QS head of research Ben Sowter. The strengthening of inter-regional collaboration and exchange programs through the proposed ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) may in time help raise other institutions in the region closer to the standards currently being set by National University of Singapore and Nanyang Technological University. Currently Singapore is the only ASEAN country whose universities are operating at the forefront of Asian higher education, with NUS dominating the QS University Rankings: Asia for the first time since its inception in Nevertheless, if Asia continues on its current path and emerges as a genuine competitor to the West in the coming years, the increased Just look at how the European Union operates now, and you can imagine what a massive change this would bring in two years time to everyone who is lucky enough to be connected with the ASEAN, or Asia in general. This applies both to students and universities. ASEAN Rank Overal Rank Institution Name Country Higher education will play a crucial role in supporting the continued economic integration of ASEAN by An ambitious plan was set up in 2009, aimed at creating a systematic mechanism to support the integration of universities across Southeast Asia. Student mobility, credit transfers, quality assurance and research clusters were identified as the four main priorities to harmonize the ASEAN higher education system, encompassing 6, NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE (NUS) SG 2 7 NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY (NTU) SG 2 32 UNIVERSITI MALAYA (UM) MY 4 40 MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY TH 5 48 CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY TH 6 56 UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA (UKM) MY 7 57= UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA (USM) MY 8 63= UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES PH 9 66 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA (UTM) MY UNIVERSITY OF INDONESIA ID QS University Rankings: Asia

20 India shows greater strength in depth Record number of Indian universities feature in the rankings, but IITs still waiting for their breakthrough By John O Leary Growing interest in international rankings is reflected in a sharp increase in the number of Indian institutions featuring in the new Asian Universities Ranking: 17 compared with only 11 last year India is still waiting for a breakthrough at the top of the rankings, with the latest table showing a marginal decline in the positions occupied by most of the country s leading institutions. But an increase of more than 50 per cent in India s overall representation offers hopeful signs for the future. As in the three previous editions of the ranking, the Indian Institutes of Technology lead the way. IIT Delhi holds on to 38th place, pulling clear of IIT Bombay in 41st. Five other IITs feature in the top 100, led by Kanpur and Madras just outside the top 50. Delhi remains the leading university, just outside the top 80 having slipped one place since last year. It is ranked in the top 25 in Asia by employers and the top 40 by academics, but is handicapped in some other indicators by its large size and low levels of international faculty and student exchange. The university has more than 160,000 undergraduates in 76 colleges in addition to its open learning and postgraduate students. As a result, although Delhi is in the top 80 for the number of citations per paper published by its faculty, it is not in the top 200 when those papers are divided by the number of academics. Like other Indian institutions, Delhi is also outside the top 200 on all the indicators of international activity: the proportion of staff and students, and the volume of incoming and outgoing student exchanges. Only the University of Calcutta ranks highly on exchanges, coming second in Asia for outbound exchanges and 52nd for inbound. World Rank 2013 World Rank 2014 Institution Name INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DELHI (IITD) INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BOMBAY (IITB) INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KANPUR (IITK) INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MADRAS (IITM) INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KHARAGPUR (IITKGP) INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE (IITR) 80 81= UNIVERSITY OF DELHI INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY GUWAHATI (IITG) = UNIVERSITY OF CALCUTTA = UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI - 142= BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY PANJAB UNIVERSITY MANIPAL UNIVERSITY BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY(IIIT) - ALLAHABAD UNIVERSITY OF PUNE AMITY UNIVERSITY 20 QS University Rankings: Asia

21 Public universities have suffered from restrictions, for example on salaries, which many see as holding back their performance in rankings, especially on measures of international activity. But some restrictions are being relaxed and both main parties in the Indian election have promised new measures to improve the higher education system. The Congress-led government set up 14 new IITs and Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) and several central universities. They have set targets for skilling 500 million Indians by 2020 and pledged to do better in global rankings. The BJP proposes to set up IITs and IIMs in all states and new All-India institutes of medical sciences (AIIMS) to expand highquality medical training. At the Going Global conference in Miami last month, Ashok Thakur, India s Secretary of Higher Education at the Ministry of Human Resource Development said that India must create 40 million university places to meet demand. We can t afford to miss out on India s demographic dividend, he said. But it s not just about numbers, it s about quality. Mr Thakur has said that Indian institutions must no longer hide behind the excuse that the global ranking metrics and indicators are not suited to them. We must play the same game that the rest of the world is playing, he said. The Indian Centre for Assessment and Accreditation (ICAA), which is hosting the launch of the Asian ranking in New Delhi, is helping universities to understand ranking methodologies and present their data effectively. Dr Karthick Sridhar, the centre s vice-chairman, said: The single most imperative goal ICAA aims to achieve by 2025 is to witness the entry of at least five of our elite universities in the Top 200 World University Rankings Any improvement will take time to translate into ranking positions due to the timelag in statistics. But it is likely to be seen first in the Asian ranking, which employs a wider range of indicators than the QS World University Rankings, where no Indian institution currently features in the top 200. In the latest Asian ranking, Banaras Hindu University, Panjab, Manipal and Amity universities, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, and the Indian Institute of Information Technology all appear for the first time. With seven IITs among the leading eight institutions, the top levels of Indian higher education remain much stronger in science and technology than in the arts and social sciences. QS University Rankings: Asia

22 Devoted to quality advancement in the Indian Higher Education by fostering global competences, ushering in a new revolution in the area of Global Rankings and helping build better performance on a lasting basis! ICAA, a not-for-profit organization was formed with a vision to help assist the inclusion of 5 Indian Universities in the Top 200 of the World University Rankings by Today, ICAA is fast emerging as the most trusted independent source of intelligence in the Global Rankings delivering detailed analysis to Governments and some of India s prestigious institutions. ICAA Headquarters 5th floor, Apex Plaza, Nungambakkam High Road, Chennai Ph: E: [email protected] W: ICAA ad.indd 1 4/22/14 3:32 PM CONNECT WITH THE WORLD Advertise in QS Asia Publications Reach out to potential peers and students Whether you would like to impress the world s leaders and university presidents, pop up every three months in the newsletter that is read by all your peers or become enlisted as a university of choice by students across the globe, QS Asia has all solutions for your institution with its four unique publications. An exclusive top-level presentation of the workings of the best of Asia, Middle East & Africa s universities Celebrating outstanding achievements in international higher education ENGLISH EDITION CHINESE EDITION Please visit for more information QSA ad.indd 1 4/22/14 1:22 PM 22 QS University Rankings: Asia

23 QS Stars: A tool to help students select the university that s right for them By Danny Byrne When the QS World University Rankings first emerged in 2004 they responded to an urgent need: giving a rapidly growing contingent of internationally mobile students a way to form concrete comparisons of university standards across borders Yet rankings have their limitations. For one thing, the leading universities that make it into the QS World University Rankings comprise some 5% of higher education institutions worldwide. Rankings naturally focus on elite, research-intensive institutions that have a global reach. But what about the thousands of universities whose strengths lie in other areas; whether that be teaching, on-campus facilities, employability, how accessible the university is for students with disabilities or whether they offer a high number of scholarships, or any of the other diverse aspects of university life that lie beyond the scope of international rankings? QS Stars exists to give students a way of forming impartial, evidence-based comparisons of universities in a greater number of areas than can be covered by rankings. The system is optin, meaning an unlimited number of universities can participate both those high-profile institutions that already feature prominently in rankings, and less well-known universities that nonetheless offer excellent services in other areas. What is QS Stars? QS Stars is an evaluation system that assesses universities worldwide using a rating method. Universities are awarded a rating of one to Five Stars + (the highest rating), depending on their performance within the evaluation. Universities are evaluated against several criteria; ~ ~ Research ~ ~ Teaching ~ ~ Employability ~ ~ Facilities ~ ~ Online ~ ~ Internationalization ~ ~ Innovation ~ ~ Engagement ~ ~ Access ~ ~ Culture ~ ~ Specialist Subject Each criterion has its own indicators and weightings. Which universities adopted QS Stars? QS Stars is an opt-in system, meaning participating universities choose to undergo a comprehensive audit, conducted by QS Intelligence Unit. Since the system was launched in 2010, more than 200 institutions have participated in the QS Stars rating. Institutions range from world-leading universities such as MIT and Australia National University, to newer, less internationally established universities in countries further off the beaten path. With new universities opting into the system on a weekly basis, the list of QS Star-rated institutions is continually growing. For example in Australia leading institutions such as Australia National University, The University of New South Wales and The University of Newcastle are among the many universities to have adopted the system. QS Stars by the Numbers 2010 The year QS Stars was launched 200 QS Star Rated Institutions worldwide 64 Percentage of universities in Australia 1 that have signed up for QS Stars 50 Percentage of universities in New Zealand 2 that have signed up for QS Stars 42 Countries with at least one QS Star-rated institution 36 Percentage of the QS World University Rankings top 50 that are QS Star-rated 3 33 Percentage of countries in Asia and the Middle East 4 that have at least one Star-rated institution 23 Percentage of the QS World University Rankings top 100 that are QS Star-rated 5 10 Percentage of UK universities 6 that have signed up for QS Stars 5 Average number of new QS Stars participants per month since its inception 1)34 Australian higher education institutions have signed up for QS Stars including 25 of the 39 local universities. List of universities in Australia: 2)Five New Zealand institutions signed of which four are universities. List of universities in New Zealand: 3)18 Star rated universities in the top )Percentage based on a count of 52 countries, including Turkey. 90 institutions signed up in 17 countries in these two regions 5)23 Star rated universities in the top )17 institutions signed up including 14 universities + 1 audited independently (Cambridge). & based on the 134 universities and colleges listed by

24 And one easy way to test it. Study in the USA : takeielts.org IELTS is jointly owned by British Council, IDP: IELTS Australia and Cambridge English Language Assessment