Disease in Developing Countries: Vaccines

Transcription

1 Energy For Health: Cell phone expansion and disease prevention Harvey Rubin University of Pennsylvania Alice Conant

2 Disease in Developing Countries: Vaccines 2.4 million children die from vaccine preventable diseases Vaccine-preventable deaths of children under age five:

3 Disease in Developing Countries: Cold Chain "The Cold Chain." WHO.INT. World Health Organization, 26 Nov Web. <

4 Cold Chain Cold Chain Compliance Drop-Off Study of Cold-Chain in Rural India: For every 1 kilometer increase in distance between primary health center and sub-health centers, cold chain compliance decreases by 0.16 units Evaluation of the Cold-Chain for Oral Polio Vaccine in a Rural District of India. Yogindra Samant, Hemant Lanjewar, David Parker, Lester Block, Gajendra S. Tomar, Ben Stein. Public Health Reports / January February 2007 / Volume 122,

5 MOBILE TECHNOLOGY Landlines are Technology of the Past Cell Phones are the fastest spreading technology in history Currently, approximately 75% of the world s rural inhabitants are covered by a mobile cellular signal Expecting by 2015 to have 100% global coverage World 2009, GSM Coverage Maps. International Telecommunication Union (2010). World Telecommunication/ICT Development Report 2010: Monitoring the WSIS targets. Geneva: ITU.

6 Developing Countries Dominate Mobile customers in developing countries account for 2/3 of the universal mobile phones in use

7 Cell Phone Towers

8 Icelined Refrigerators, Compression Type (All require a min. of 8 hrs of electricity it per 24 hrs at 43 C to maintain iti required temperature t range) Model Company Vaccine Holdover Power Price ($) Storage consumptio Capacity (L) n (kwh/24 TCW 1152/CF Time 32 C, 43 C 32 C, 43 C Electrolux , 42.9, MK 144 Vestfrost 45 45, 15.47, TCW 1990 Electrolux , , VC 139 F LEC , , Refrigeration MK 074 Vestfrost 20 --, , MK 204 Vestfrost 63 46, 10.6, MK 304 Vestfrost , 15.8, Product Information Sheets, World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF Catalog, 2000

9 The Next Step Teams: Design Manufacture/Install/Maintain Health/Epidemiology/Demography Business/Government Relations Administration/Legal/Funding Communications

10 Design Electrical and Systems Engineers Design the interface that t channels the energy from the cell phone towers to refrigeration units Questions: Design a new, targeted refrigeration unit? Consider a battery energy storage option Means of monitoring the refrigeration units both vaccine temp and overall security

11 Manufacture/Install/Maintain / Implementation ti Pilot project requires travelling to selected developing countries Maintenance and Use Questions: How will the sites be installed and maintained? Who will use and operate the sites and distribute the vaccines? The health committee will address this too.

12 Health/Epidemiology/Demography /p g py Demographics, Epidemiology and Healthcare Team Involves mapping cell tower locations with relation to population and healthcare facilities Questions: Where should we begin implementing? How will the local health workers be involved?

13 Business/Government Relations Cooperate with mobile companies Cooperate with local government Cooperate with NGOs--clean water movement, WHO, UNICEF Questions: This is a big one we need as much input here as possible

14 Administration/Legal/Funding / g Organize a Non-Profit for Energy for Health Organize Project Finances Questions: Located at University of Pennsylvania for now, including holding meetings at Wharton San Francisco Members of team?

15 Communications Create a public awareness and presence Questions: How to go about publicizing for Energy for Health?

16 Contact Information Harvey Rubin Kent Smetters e Alice Conant alice_conant@hmc.edu