WATER REUSE 101 -REGULATIONS. Don Vandertulip, PE, BCEE Vandertulip WateReusEngineers July 16, 2015

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1 WATER REUSE 101 -REGULATIONS Don Vandertulip, PE, BCEE Vandertulip WateReusEngineers July 16, 2015

2 Regulations Agenda National Regulations Under Discussion Texas - Non-Potable Regulations Texas - Potable Reuse Regulations Texas De-centralized Treatment Regulations

4 Regulations and Guidelines Vary Depending on Type of Reuse Direct potable reuse Indirect potable reuse Agricultural Reuse on Food Crops Unrestricted Recreational Reuse Unrestricted Urban Irrigation Reuse Restricted Urban Irrigation Reuse Restricted Recreational Reuse Industrial Reuse Environmental Reuse Agricultural Reuse on Non-food Crops More Stringent Regulations Less Stringent Regulations

5 National Regulations Under Discussion No US-national regulations. EPA Guidelines for Water Reuse (2012) Chapter 4 and App C identify status of reuse regulation in 44 states + CNMI Current status state updates maintained on WRA webpage

6 National Plumbing Codes International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO) Uniform Plumbing Code (UMC), (Z1207 Standard) International Code Council (ICC) International Plumbing Code (IPC) National Sanitation Foundation (NSF)/ ANSI 350, Onsite Residential and Commercial Water Reuse Treatment Systems

7 National Research Council 2012 Water Reuse Report Water Reuse: Potential for Expanding the Nation s Water Supply Through Reuse of Wastewater Effluent Study Charge What are the potential benefits, suitability? What is the current state-of-the-technology? What are the human health risk? How do the cost compare? What barriers limit implementation? What research is needed? Free PDF (

8 IPR and DPR Projects SBWRP, San Jose, CA GREAT, Oxnard, CA West Basin MWD, El Segundo, CA Vander Lans WTP, Long Beach CA Los Angeles DWP, CA (Planning) Upper Occoquan, VA City of San Diego Demo, CA Forsyth County, GA Gwinnett County, GA Scottsdale Big Spring, TX Wichita Falls, TX Water Abilene, TX Campus, AZ Groundwater El Paso, TX North Texas MWD Tarrant Regional WD Replenishment System, Fountain Valley, CA Clayton County, GA SDWRP, Miami, FL (Delayed) Improving Reclaimed Water Regulations-EPA Best Practices, Vandertulip, WD, 2013) 8

9 Direct Potable Reuse (DPR) Numerous recent planning reports: (TWDB Final Report-Direct Potable Reuse Resource Document, April, 2015;Tchobanoglous et al., 2011; NRC, 2012; Crook, 2010; Schroeder et al., 2012). Windhoek, Namibia (Africa) first operational DPR system (1969)

10 WateReuse Research/Regulatory Efforts Sponsoring California Direct Potable Reuse Initiative -$6 M research, 34 current projects funded at $5.8 M National Regulatory Committee reviewing Model Guidelines for IPR/DPR 8 states with some regulatory development Federal standards not likely soon WRA/NWRI/WEF/AWWA working on concensus guidelines

11 International Regulations/Guidelines Retrofitting wastewater treatment facilities Designing new wastewater treatment for reuse Trend in higher value reuse-singapore and Australia Link to WHO Guidelines, EU Standards Methods for mitigating health risks Education for agricultural users Improving treatment levels to lower risk and expand water resources

13 Regulations Components - Typical State Reclaimed Water Multiple quality levels dependent on use Specific authorization or permit for each use Specific engineering design criteria Cross connection control program Limits on hydraulic loading, runoff, and waste System quality control testing Reclaimed water user agreements

14 Engineering Design Criteria - Typical State Reclaimed Water Pipe materials, color, markings, signage Separation distance from potable water and sanitary sewer mains Surface water and groundwater protection Cross-connection control program Backflow protection, meter connections Water quality monitoring and sampling points

15 Texas Nonpotable Regulation Creation 1990 Water For Texas Plan consider equal to other resources THD and TWC (Chapter 310 TAC) implement reuse rules 1997 Water For Texas/Senate Bill 1 clarified water reuse policyamendments to Chapters 210, 295, and 297 Guidance on authorization to reuse

16 TCEQ Chapter 210 Use of Reclaimed Water Subchapter A: General Provisions B: General Requirements for Production and Conveyance C: Quality Criteria And Specific Uses D: Alternative And Pre-existing Systems E: Special Requirements For Industrial F: Use Of Graywater Systems

17 TCEQ Ch 210 Reclaimed Water Quality Parameter Type I Type II BOD 5 5 mg/l 20 mg/l CBOD 5 5 mg/l 15 mg/l Turbidity 3 NTU NA Fecal coliform or E. coli - 30 day geometric mean Fecal coliform or E. coli max single grab sample Enterococci -30 day geometric mean Enterococci -max single grab sample 20 CFU/100 ml 200 CFU/100 ml 75 CFU/100 ml 800 CFU/100 ml 4 CFU/100 ml 35 CFU/100 ml 9 CFU/100 ml 89 CFU/100 ml Other criteria Sampling and analysis 2 per week Sampling and analysis 1 per week

18 Authorized Nonpotable Uses for Reclaimed Water Authorized uses listed at Chapter Type I Residential irrigation Urban uses Fire protection Irrigation of food crops and pastures Maintenance of Impoundments Toilet and urinal flushing Other similar activities Type II Irrigation of sod farms, ROW, non-contact food crops, some animal feed crops, soil compaction, cooling towers, WWTP yard water

19 Authorized Nonpotable Uses for Reclaimed Water Authorized Industrial recycling limited to specific end uses Level II application for higher strength waters and off-site applications Industrial user must have an authorized end use, then can reuse onsite (Level I): Condensate (AC, compressor, steam) Fruit and vegetable washing Non-contact cooling water Cooling tower blowdown WTP filter backwash

20 Industrial Level I Reclaimed Water

21 Pipe Separation Distance and Appurtenances Texas Ch (c) and (d) reference 9 foot to potable, 3 foot to sewer horizontal separation Other options reference TX Ch. 290 drinking water rules for separation options Reclaimed distance from alternate waters not defined Note: Alternate waters are typically nonpotable

22 Reclaimed Water System Design - Appurtenances Specific design criteria for: valve/meter box covers, valve riser covers, air/vacuum release valves, backflow prevention assemblies, hose bibs and sprinkler heads Color coding/text language and tagging convention Coordinate color code conflicts within TCEQ chapters and references to WEF MOP s Storage tank design criteria Signage examples

23 Suggested Color Code Changes to Ch Product Current Color Proposed Color Potable water light blue light blue Chlorine yellow yellow Sewage grey green Compressed air Heated water Reclaimed water Clarified effluent Alternate water (NEW) light green blue, 6" red bands purple dark green not identified dark blue, white text blue, 6" red bands purple, black text Explanation Meets TCEQ Chapter 290, override 2012 UPC color of green for onsite potable 2009 UPC conflict eliminated by 2012 UPC change to purple for alternate water Green is consistent with APWA and utility ROW color code designation Use ANSI pipe label color code, avoid wastewater identification for air pipe Add text to clarify heated water (may not be potable water) Use 2012 UPC specific text for municipally provided reclaimed water dark green Prior to disinfection, still wastewater purple, yellow text Use 2012 UPC specific text for alternate waters to include graywater, rainwater, stormwater, and other nonpotable water

25 Texas - Direct Potable Reuse Resource Document, TWDB, April 2015 Chapter 8 discusses source approval and monitoring based on: SDWA in Sections of the THSC TAC Section (e)(1)- source evaluation TAC Section (e)(1)(F)-water quality TAC Sections (l) and (g)- exceptions and innovative technology TAC (l)-exceptions on individual basis TAC Section 210-Reuse authorization

26 TCEQ DPR Baseline Regulation Approach Separate Redundant, Robust, Resilient sets of treatment barriers to Reliably achieve: Minimum 8.0-log total virus removal with minimum 4.0- log from each barrier Minimum 6.0-log total Giardia removal with minimum 3.0-log from each barrier Minimum 5.5-log total Cryptosporidium removal Note: CA higher log removal-starting at raw sewage Increased chemical and microbiological analysis Increased disinfection byproduct testing Increased pilot plant testing and membrane selection IPR subject to TPDES requirements

27 Regulations Agenda National Regulations Under Discussion Texas - Non-Potable Regulations Texas -Potable Reuse Regulations Texas De-centralized Treatment Regulations

28 Decentralized Reuse Regulations Graywater Use of on-site treatment systems < 5,000 GPD, Ch Austin- GW rules similar to San Francisco Rainwater Harvesting, on-site reuse 2009-New Title 2 Subtitle D, Sec allows multiple reclamation plant feed to distribution system

29 Engagement With IAPMO-Chapter 5 IAPMO Green Plumbing and Mechanical Code Supplement Chapter 5 Intended as supplement for LEED designers Identifies four alternate waters and code requirements for each: Graywater On-site treated water Rainwater Reclaimed water 2012 UPC responded to water utility pipe color code concern

30 Graywater Regulations No EPA/national regulations State regulations govern Reuse documented in 48 states California regulations most detailed and stringent Arizona regulations most progressive (least stringent) WRA White paper and research study WRF-10-02

31 Texas Graywater Regulations Graywater included in three State Health and Safety Codes under Title 5, Sanitation and Environmental Quality Chapter , Graywater Standards Chapter /.81, Subchapter H: Disposal of Graywater Chapter 210, Subchapter H Regulations generally include: Definition of graywater Excludes wash water from diapers, soiled items System comply with TCEQ and local rules No permit required if use < 400 gallons/day

32 Alternate Water Quality Harvested Rainwater UPC defines it as stormwater that is conveyed from a building roof, stored in a cistern and disinfected and filtered before being used for toilet flushing IAPMO Green Supplement, Ch 5 Natural precipitation that has not been contaminated by use EPA-Managing Wet Weather with Green Infrastructure, Municipal Handbook, Rainwater Harvesting Policies Rainwater Catchment System Association - Rainwater Catchment Design and Installation Standard (2009)

33 Commercial Building Collection Larger scale rainwater systems useful for commercial and public buildings New Braunfels Utility, TX Chicago Center for Green Technology

34 Individual Home Rain Barrels Home use of rainwater: Provides inexpensive supply of water Reduces peak stormwater runoff and pollution Reduces peak summer potable water demand High-quality, low-tds water Reduces soil erosions Requires minimal homeowner maintenance DC Water & Sewer Auth.

35 Additional Reuse Amendments Satellite Plants-Chapter 321-Subchapter P 2008 Chapter 344 -Landscape Irrigation 2009 [2011 interpretation conflict at (3)] Bacterial effluent limitation monitoring requirements (E. Coli, Fecal Coliform, Enterococci) -(Sec ) 2009

36 TCEQ Chapter 321 P Reclaimed Water Production Facilities - Summary Applicant must have existing WWTP and authorized discharge permit at end of collection system 210 Authorization to use reclaimed water 321 P authorization does not change WWTP discharge permit No increase in WWTP permitted flow No discharge to waters of the state No sludge treatment onsite it all goes back in the sewer Authorized by ED without new public hearing if plans approved by TCEQ and applicant uses enhanced buffer zone

37 TCEQ Chapter 321 P Enhanced buffer zone Applicant that does not meet enhanced buffer criteria must comply with public notice, post signs, and 150 buffer to PL Enhanced buffer and no building-300 to PL from all process units Enhanced buffer with process units in building, no exhaust or odor control- 150 buffer Enhanced buffer with process units in odor controlled building- 50 buffer No Building-300 buffer RWPF Building-No Odor Control-150 Building with odor control-50

38 Questions??? Don Vandertulip, PE, BCEE Vandertulip WateReusEngineers 2422 Garden Meadow San Antonio, Texas