Using estrus-detection patches to optimally time artificial insemination (AI) and improve pregnancy rates in suckled beef cows in a timed AI program

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1 Using estrus-detection patches to optimally time artificial insemination (AI) and improve pregnancy rates in suckled beef cows in a timed AI program Hill, S. L., D. M. Grieger, K. C. Olson, J. R. Jaeger, C. R. Dahlen, S. R. Underdahl, G. A. Bridges, J. E. Larson, J. K. Ahola, M. C. Fischer, G. A. Perry, T. L. Steckler, W. D. Whittier, J. F. Currin, and J. S. Stevenson

2

3 THE BULL YOU WANTED Production Carcass CED BW WW Milk YW SC Marb RE Fat Incredibull

4 THE BULL YOUR SPOUSE WANTED Production Carcass CED BW WW Milk YW SC Marb RE Fat Compatabull

5 THE BULL THE AUCTIONEER WANTED YOU TO BUY Production Carcass CED BW WW Milk YW SC Marb RE Fat Capibull

6 THE BULL YOU BOUGHT Production Carcass CED BW WW Milk YW SC Marb RE Fat Terrabull

7 THE BULL YOU SHOULD HAVE BOUGHT

8 Insemination by Appointment (FTAI) Effective Efficient Labor saving Best fit

9 Time to estrus 100 Hours to 9 10 to to 18 Day of estrous cycle Floyd et al., 2014

10 Busch et al., 2008

11 Hypothesis: The proportion of cows becoming pregnant from timed AI will be greater when two compared with one insemination time are employed after use of estrus-detection patches to identify estrus

12 Patch evaluation* TAI + GnRH -2 Estrus (+) control (*activated patch) GnRH-1 TAI + GnRH-2 Nonestrus ( ) control Early-Early (E-E) (*nonactivated patch) 17 BS 7 BS CIDR GnRH-2 TAI Early-Delayed (E-D) (*nonactivated patch) TAI + GnRH h 75 h Delayed-Delayed (D-D) (*nonactivated patch)

13 Patch evaluation* TAI + GnRH -2 Estrus (+) control (*activated patch) GnRH-1 TAI + GnRH-2 Nonestrus ( ) control Early-Early (E-E) (*nonactivated patch) 17 BS 7 BS CIDR GnRH-2 TAI Early-Delayed (E-D) (*nonactivated patch) TAI + GnRH h 75 h Delayed-Delayed (D-D) (*nonactivated patch)

14 Patch evaluation* TAI + GnRH -2 Estrus (+) control (*activated patch) GnRH-1 TAI + GnRH-2 Nonestrus ( ) control Early-Early (E-E) (*nonactivated patch) 17 BS 7 BS CIDR GnRH-2 TAI Early-Delayed (E-D) (*nonactivated patch) TAI + GnRH h 75 h Delayed-Delayed (D-D) (*nonactivated patch)

15 Patch evaluation* TAI + GnRH -2 Estrus (+) control (*activated patch) GnRH-1 TAI + GnRH-2 Nonestrus ( ) control Early-Early (E-E) (*nonactivated patch) 17 BS 7 BS CIDR GnRH-2 TAI Early-Delayed (E-D) (*nonactivated patch) TAI + GnRH h 75 h Delayed-Delayed (D-D) (*nonactivated patch)

16 Patch evaluation* TAI + GnRH -2 Estrus (+) control (*activated patch) GnRH-1 TAI + GnRH-2 Nonestrus ( ) control Early-Early (E-E) (*nonactivated patch) 17 BS 7 BS CIDR GnRH-2 TAI Early-Delayed (E-D) (*nonactivated patch) TAI + GnRH h 75 h Delayed-Delayed (D-D) (*nonactivated patch)

17 Characteristics of Experimental Units Location No. of cows BCS Days postpartum at AI Parity Cycling status 1 (%) CO ± ± ± 2.8 * IL ± ± ± 2.6 * KS ± ± ± KS ± ± ± KS ± ± ± KS ± ± ± KS ± ± ± KS ± ± ± MN ± ± ± MS ± ± ± 2.3 * ND ± ± ± 2.7 * SD ± ± ± VA ± ± ± VA ± ± ± Total 1, Cycling determined by serum progesterone concentration before CO-Synch + CIDR program was initiated.*locations with no blood collection.

18 Estrus expression by location Location Estrus by 60 h Estrus by 75 h N CO IL KS KS KS KS KS KS MN MS ND SD VA VA Total

19 Estrus expression by prior cycling status % a Cycling b Anestrus 60h estrus 75h estrus a, b : p<0.05

20 Estrus at 75h by Treatment Estrus (%) a Early GnRH - Early TAI Early GnRH - Delayed TAI b Delayed GnRH - Delayed TAI LS means a,b tend to differ p=0.10

21 Pregnancy Rate by Estrus and Treatment (n) In heat by 75 h Estrus EE ED DD Total NO 44.0 (109) 46.0% (100) 38.9% (90) 43.1% (299) YES 68.9% (591) 53.5% (101) 71.1% (97) 69.8% (116) 67.5% (905) Total 68.9% (591) 48.6% (210) 58.4% (197) 56.3% (206) 61.4% (1204)

22 Pregnancy Rate by Estrus and Treatment (n) In heat by 75 h Estrus EE ED DD Total NO 44.0 (109) 46.0% (100) 38.9% (90) 43.1% (299) YES 68.9% (591) 53.5% (101) 71.1% (97) 69.8% (116) 67.5% (905) Total 68.9% (591) 48.6% (210) 58.4% (197) 56.3% (206) 61.4% (1204)

23 Pregnancy Rate by Estrus and Treatment (n) In heat by 75 h Estrus EE ED DD Total NO 44.0 (109) 46.0% (100) 38.9% (90) 43.1% (299) YES 68.9% (591) 53.5% (101) 71.1% (97) 69.8% (116) 67.5% (905) Total 68.9% (591) 48.6% (210) 58.4% (197) 56.3% (206) 61.4% (1204)

24 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Pregnancy by location

25 Pregnancy at 35d by treatment a Pregnancy per AI (%) c b b Estrus Early GnRH - Early TAI Early GnRH - Delayed TAI Delayed GnRH - Delayed TAI a, b, c : p<0.05

26 STAI vs FTAI models Single Fixed AI time at 60h Estrus + 3(EE) = all cows bred at 60h 60h: 825/1531 = 53.9% Split timing of AI at 60 and 75h Estrus + 3(ED) = estrus cows bred at 60h, non-estrus cows at 75h 60h and 75h: 915/1531 = 59.7%

27 Cost-benefit associated with Split-TAI compared with Fixed -TAI Expenses /unit cost Units Additional Pregnancies Item Total Sub Total Heat Patches Handling Labor Facilities Income 42 # age # genetic calving int AI labor Bull Cost Net

28 Summary More cycling cows express estrus by 75h 73% of cows expressed estrus by 75h 65% of cows showing estrus by 75h were pregnant to AI at 35d Timing AI at 75h as compared to 60h increased pregnancies/ai in cows not showing estrus at 60h

29 Future direction Continue to explore timing options Examine the necessity of GnRH in estrus cows Consider options to simplify treatments

30 Questions?

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