ANIMAL GENETICS SOLUTIONS

Transcription

1 THE NATIONAL ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES CENTRE AND DATABANK NAGRC & DB) COLLABORATION WITH IAEA AND OTHER STAKEHOLDERS IN ANGR DEVELOPMENT INTERLAKEN, SWITZERLAND SEPT ANIMAL GENETICS SOLUTIONS

2 Vision Statement Optimize livestock production and productivity through animal breeding to improve food security and eradicate poverty in Uganda ANIMAL GENETICS SOLUTIONS

3 Mission Statement Take a leading role in establishing a comprehensive National animal breeding programme ANIMAL GENETICS SOLUTIONS

4 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES 1. Establish breeding structures 2. Establish, develop and maintain well managed Centre farms 3. Recruit and retain competent and trained personnel 4. Establish sound financial systems to provide sustainability and public accountability 5. Marketing to achieve 30% sales growth per year 6. Establish evaluation measurements ANIMAL GENETICS SOLUTIONS

5 Sustainable Development NAGRC in conjunction with IAEA is promoting of use of Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ARTs) to improve livestock genetics ANIMAL GENETICS SOLUTIONS

6 PROMOTE USE OF ARTs: Artificial Insemination (AI) Collection Distribution Processing KEY Districts with Artificial Insemination (AI) Land route for distribution of AI inputs Air route for distribution of AI inputs.

7 AI activity in Uganda 1960 to 2003 Years 1960 Total AI no. performed

8 PROMOTE USE OF ARTs: Semen from Goats

9 Sustainable Development NAGRC&DB in conjunction with IAEA is promoting of use of ICTs to sensitize farmers on the different genetic improvement programmes

10 ICT in Artificial Insemination I. Exploit latest technologies in order to improve and to achieve new goals through continued education of AI technicians, farmers & other stakeholders II. To have efficient technology transfer to stakeholders

11 ICT in Artificial Insemination III. Improve the knowledge, skill & efficiency of AI technicians & trainers Access information at own pace e.g. on CDs IV. Improve breeding efficiency on the farm through use of mngt. software e.g. Interherd,

12 Activities offered by ICT 1. Access to most necessary hardware & software 2. Trained Manpower in ICT procurement, use and development ~ 4 staff also very knowledgeable in Livestock issues especially AI

13 6. Plan, design, produce and disseminate audio visuals for the various stakeholders e.g. CDs, posters Activities offered by ICT 4. In-house training of staff & some few outsiders e.g. IAEA fellows in ICT 5. ICT services e.g Internet accessible to most of the staff at the institution NAGRC& DB

14 CDs National Animal Genetic Resources Centre and Data Bank (NAGRC & DB) Resource CD for AI Technicians Compiled by Helen Nakimbugwe & Teddy Nakato ICT section - NAGRC & DB

15 Leaflets

16 Posters - AI NATIONAL ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES CENTRE AND DATABANK (NAGRC&DB) P. O. Box 183, ENTEBBE. Tel ; Fax [email protected] ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION (AI) Making use of Good Genetics in Males THE INSIDE STORY A1 A Care of the bull Care of selected breeding bulls (A1) & (A2) include the following: Good feeding fodder, hay, silage, concentrates & minerals Regular exercising and grooming Proper housing (A3) Disease control THESE ENSURE HEALTHY BULLS & GOOD QUALITY SEMEN Artificial Insemination is a biotechnology whereby semen is introduced into the reproductive tract of a female by artificial means other than by nature mating. The merits of this biotechnology include the following among others : Improvement of the genetic make up of animals in terms of milk, meat, eggs and fleece yield etc. Farmers have a wider variety of bull semen to choose from. Semen of a good male animal can be used long after it is dead. When semen is stored in Liquid Nitrogen at 196 o C it can be kept and used for over 40 years. One avoids the dangers and costs (feeding, housing, treatment etc.) associated with keeping and handling of male animals e.g. bulls. It controls the spread of venereal diseases from one animal to another. It is easier to transport semen than live animals worldwide. A2 Conservation & sustainable use of local genetics B Collection of semen This is the first step in A.I. biotechnology and entails; Teasing of the bull Preparation and use of a well prepared Artificial Vagina AV (B1) Collection of semen in a specialized premise (B2) Semen is collected in a tube attached to the AV A single ejaculate is 3ml to 10ml enough to serve 300 to 1,000 cows. B1 B2 A3 C Analysis and processing of semen This done in a well equipped laboratory (C1) and entails; Checking the concentration of spermatozoa Checking the quality of spermatozoa (C3) Semen is diluted with semen extenders and glycerol is added (C4) Straws are labeled with codes & data about the bull including the breed Semen is packed in straws, cooled gradually and then placed in canisters. Canisters are immersed in Liquid Nitrogen at -196ºC for storage (C5). The quality of semen is again checked before delivery (C6). C1 C2 C3 C4 D1 D Production of liquid nitrogen Production of Liquid Nitrogen is required for the long term storage of semen (D1). It is the low temperature of -196ºC and its inert capabilities that prevent the deterioration of semen quality. Liquid Nitrogen is transported by NAGRC& DB trucks with tankers of 600lt and 2,000lt to A.I. Sub-centers (D2) The liquid nitrogen is dispensed into a storage tank at the sub-centre. Liquid nitrogen maintains the necessary cold chain in AI service delivery C5 C6 D2 E1 E2 E Insemination Done by skilled personnel known as A.I. Technicians A.I. Technicians are based at A.I. Sub-centers countrywide. Inseminators carry 3lt liquid nitrogen flasks to the farms Inseminators mainly travel on motorcycles (E1). At the farm proper hygiene is maintained at insemination (E2). The frozen semen straw is thawed and then loaded into the AI gun. Using the gun the inseminator deposits the semen in the uterus of the cows (E3). E3 F Record keeping All work done to this point is of little use without good record keeping. Records taken must include the following important information; Identity of the cow. Identity of the bull Date of service Important historical data Name of inseminators The end result.. will be a better calf. Generally improve national livestock production in terms of more meat, milk, eggs, etc. better nutrition for people. better health, wealth and income for people and hence poverty alleviation.

17 Posters - MOET NATIONAL ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES CENTRE AND DATABANK (NAGRC&DB) P. O. Box 183, ENTEBBE. Tel ; Fax [email protected] MULTI-OVULATION & EMBRYO TRANSFER (MOET) SUPER OVULATION Making use of Good Genetics in Females THE INSIDE STORY EMBRYO RECOVERY DONOR Superior Genetics Hormonal Treatment Heat Induction & Multi-ovulation Day 0 Oestrus Artificial Insemination Day 7 Flushing Recovering of Embryos Friesian Evaluation of Embryos Transferable Under the Microscope Embryos FRESH EMBRYOS Freezing Storage Transportation CRYOPRESERVATION SYNCHRONISATION OF OESTRUS CYCLE T h a w i n g RECIPIENTS Good mothering ability Hormonal Treatment Induction of heat Transfer of Embryos Day 6-8 Multiple offspring from single Donor Ankole - Ngabo Australian Milking Zebu Nganda Jersey

18 Posters LN2 NATIONAL ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES CENTRE AND DATABANK (NAGRC&DB) P.O.Box 183, Entebbe, Uganda Tel: (256) / ; Fax:(256) / ; A 1 LN 2 plant THE INSIDE STORY LIQUID NITROGEN (LN 2 ) PRODUCTION For preservation of genetic material e.g. semen, embryos What is it? Nitrogen (N 2 ) is a gas found in the atmosphere like other gases such as oxygen which animals breath in. Atmospheric air has a composition of 78% Nitrogen, 21 % Oxygen and 1% inert gases. LN 2 is produced by the LN 2 plant A 1 using physical means i.e. no chemicals are involved. Atmospheric air is pressurised N 2 gas is extracted from the pressurised air cooled, and at a temperature of C liquefies hence the name liquid nitrogen C, is appropriate for preservation of simple living particles such as sperms, ova, embryos, viruses, bacteria, etc. for over 40 years. A 2 A 2 INSIDE LN 2 FLASK B 1 B 2 B 3 FILTER MAT Air from the B 1 atmosphere is sucked through a filter mat which removes dust particles, smoke, small insects etc. COMPRESSOR B Air is cooled, 2 compressed to a pressure of up to approximately 10 bar. water AIR DRIER Moisture, oil particles and impurities are removed B 5 B 3 B 4 Oxygen waste GAS SEPARATOR B 4 Separates N 2 from the compressed air. STORAGE TANK LN 2 is B 6 stored in a tank. B 6 CRYOGENERATOR Super cools the N 2 gas to a temperature of C and it turns into a liquid i.e. LN 2 B 5 C 1 LN 2 truck transports LN 2 to Artificial Insemination (AI) sub centers where AI technicians top up their LN 2 tanks/flasks in which semen or embryos are stored prior to insemination or embryo transfer C 2 C 1 C 2

19 Posters N-PD NATIONAL ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES CENTRE AND DATABANK (NAGRC&DB) P.O.Box 183, Entebbe, Uganda Tel: (256) / ; Fax:(256) / ; NON-PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS (N-PD) Early Detection of Non-Pregnancy in Animals THE INSIDE STORY This is the ability to detect a non-pregnant cow as early as 24 days after service (artificial insemination and naturally using a male animal) as compared to the conventional method of pregnancy diagnosis, which is done 45 to 60 days after service. This reduces on the inter-calving intervals hence Improved and increased milk and beef production and thus more income for the farmer. A 1 A Animal on Heat Very good animal that is on heat and is awaiting service A 2 B Serving the animal The animal is served either using artificial insemination B 1 or naturally using a bull. B 1 C D E C Milk collection Three milk samples are collected 1 st Milk sample collected on day 0 - day of artificial insemination or natural service 2 nd Milk sample collected on day 10 after service 3 rd Milk sample collected on day 21 after service Milk samples are preserved using sodium azide and can spend 2 weeks outside refrigeration before analysis 1 month in refrigeration at 4 0 C But remember analysis should be as soon as possible!!! D Centrifugation Centrifugation is done in order to get a fat free portion of the milk sample that has a consistent concentration of protein. This is to ensure prolonged storage of milk samples in a frozen state. But the aim is to carry out analysis as soon as possible!!!. E Analysis Analysis is done in the laboratory using Radio Immuno Assay (RIA) where the level of progesterone (reproductive hormone) in the milk or blood samples is tested after service (natural or artificial insemination) F Results of Analysis Day Progesterone F 1 F 2 F Low Low Low Low High High Low High Low Conclusion Animal doesn t cycle - can t conceive Animal conceived Animal cycling normally hasn t conceived E E END RESULT The results are taken back to the farmer, such that in case of non-pregnancy, intervention is done as early as possible i.e.within 24 days after service. This would reduce the inter-calving interval hence the farmer gets more income in terms of calves born and milk produced in the animal s lifetime. SERVICES NOW AVAILABLE AT NAGRC & DB

20 PROMOTE USE OF ARTs: Multiple Ovulation And Embryo Transfer (MOET) Super-Ovulated Ovaries Viewing under the Microscope

21 PROMOTE USE OF ARTs: NON-PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS The ability to tell a non-pregnant cow when actually its not pregnant, as early as 24 days after AI or natural service

22 PROMOTE USE OF ARTs: Non-Pregnancy Diagnosis (N-PD) PURPOSE To clinically intervene as early as possible in those cows that are served and o o fail to conceive whose fetus dies very early Reduce on the Inter-calving intervals hence o o increased milk production Improved and increased beef production

23 PROMOTE USE OF ARTs: Non-Pregnancy Diagnosis (N-PD) Fast detection of pregnancy Reduce Inter-calving intervals

24 PROMOTE USE OF ARTs: Non-Pregnancy Diagnosis (N-PD) Significance Detects empty cow at day 21 Detection of repeat breeding - early It allows a farmer give immediate remedial measure It recommends sale for non productive stock

25 PROMOTE USE OF ARTs: Non-Pregnancy Diagnosis (N-PD) Current sources of milk Mukono Luweero Masaka Kyengera Mityana

26 PROMOTE USE OF ARTs: Non-Pregnancy Diagnosis (N-PD) Commonest problems reported Early reporting & insemination Late reporting &insemination Cow not cycling Early embryonic death Cystic ovaries

27 Sustainable Development NAGRC&DB is improving farmers livelihoods through improving their livestock production and productivity NAGRC&DB has collaborated with several international agencies to conserve it indigenous livestock:- ANIMAL GENETICS SOLUTIONS

28 Global Collaborations Ankole Project NAGRC&DB has collaborated with BOKU and ILRI in characterization and conservation of the Ankole cattle.

29 Global Collaborations Ankole Project NAGRC&DB has collaborated with BOKU in hosting their Austrian students and helping them:- Understand our agricultural systems Appreciate our indigenous genetics

30 Global Collaborations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) Collaboration with FAO in which NAGRC&DB has been helped

31 Global Collaborations Central Artificial Insemination Station (CAIS) - Kenya NAGRC&DB has collaborated with CAIS in:- Exchange of technical staff Semen collection and processing techniques Trainings in MOET

32 Global Collaborations National Artificial Insemination Centre (NAIC) - Tanzani Collaborated with Tanzania in a ICT project sponsored by IAEA in:- Devising means of conserving our indigenous genetics Development of training modules on heat detection, AI etc

33 Global Collaborations KARI Lanet- Kenya Collaboration in Non-Pregnancy Diagnosis (N-PD) in Exchange of Expertise Training in running assays Training in mixing of reagents

34 Sustainable Development NAGRC&DB owns centre farms - breeding and multiplication of livestock for farmers. Characterization and selection of indigenous livestock for conservation

35 NAGRC & DB OPERATIONAL CENTRES Headquarters Entebbe Farms Sanga Field Station Operational but under MAAIF

36 Breeding and Multiplication of Exotic Animals Proposed In Place Guernsey, Jersey Tropical Beef Breeds Dairy Goat Pure Friesian Dairy Crosses Commercial milk production Tropical Beef Breeds Boer goats

37 Guernsey Heifers Rubona Stock Farm Friesian

38 Boer Goats Rubona Stock Farm

39 Cambrough Pigs Njeru Stock Farm

40 Breeding, Multiplication and Conservation of Indigenous Animals Proposed In Place Nsesere E.A black head Fish Short horn Zebu Ugandan Nganda Mubende Small E.A Small E.A Ankole

41 Conservation of the Small E. A. Brown Goat Kasolwe Stock Farm

42 Conservation of indigenous Mubende Goats

43 Conservation of indigenous cattle breeds Nshaara Ranch

44 Conservation of indigenous cattle breeds

45 Recommendations Promoting the National Breeding Programme Conservation of indigenous livestock genetics Support of rehabilitation of NAGRC farms Funding of the Intervention Budget ANIMAL GENETICS SOLUTIONS

46 Improving Food Security Eradicating Poverty through a Comprehensive National Breeding Programme

47 THANK YOU