New Immigrant Survey

Transcription

1 New Immigrant Survey Important Notice: For researchers using the monetary variables in Section B Employment, please consult Section 5 of this manual in order to avoid potential biases derived from the conversion of monetary variables. Table of Contents 1 Introduction Methodology Exchange Rate Conversion Purchasing Power Parity Conversion Deflation of Series Exchange Rates and PPP Indices Sources of Information Revaluations and Changes in Currency Variables Section B Employment Introduction The NIS team has made available a database of the New Immigrant Survey, Round 2, in which the variables in different currencies have been converted to United States dollars (USD) under different specifications. The objective of these conversions is to make comparable the different monetary quantities across countries and through time. This manual describes the methodology for the conversion, as well as the sources of information that were employed.

2 2 Methodology 2.1 Exchange Rate Conversion Let denote a quantity in terms of a given currency, corresponding to year. On the other hand, let denote the (nominal) exchange rate of the currency with respect to USD during year (i.e. the amount of currency needed to buy 1 USD). Then, the conversion to USD is:. 2.2 Purchasing Power Parity Conversion Consider year price indices of the foreign country and the US, denoted by and. A conversion to USD that considers purchasing power parity (PPP) is:. For most conversions, a PPP index of the form was employed. However, for some countries it was necessary to approximate an index for year, based on a given PPP index for year, with the following formula: 1, / 1, 1,, where, denotes the percent inflation of currencies,, accumulated between years and, and, denotes the accumulated (nominal) depreciation of the currency with respect to the USD during the same period. 2.3 Deflation of Series Let be a quantity expressed in year USD. Then, the conversion to year USD is:, 1,. This conversion was applied both to variables transformed to USD by exchange rate and by PPP. 3 Exchange Rates and PPP Indices 3.1 Sources of Information Table 1 presents the sources of the exchange rate and PPP indices that were used for the conversions. Table 1. Sources of Information Currency Country Exchange Rate PPP Index 1 ALGERIAN DINAR 3 Algeria PWT 7.0 PWT ARGENTINE PESO 9 Argentina PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 3 AUSTRALIAN DOLLAR 12 Australia PWT 7.0 PWT AUSTRALIAN DOLLAR 110 Kiribati PWT 7.0 PWT AUSTRIAN SCHILLING 13 Austria PWT 6.2 PWT BAHARAIN DINAR 16 Bahrain PWT 7.0 PWT BOLIVIA BOLIVIANO 25 Bolivia PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 8 BRAZILIAN REAL 29 Brazil PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 9 BRITISH STERLING POUND 217 United Kingdom PWT 7.0 PWT BOTSWANA PULA 28 Botswana PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 11 CANADIAN DOLLAR 38 Canada PWT 7.0 PWT CHILEAN PESO 43 Chile PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 13 CHINESE YUAN 44 China, People's Republic PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 14 COLOMBIAN PESO 47 Colombia PWT 7.0 PWT 7.0

3 Table 1. Sources of Information Currency Country Exchange Rate PPP Index 15 CYPRUS POUND 56 Cyprus PWT 6.2 PWT CZECH KORUNA 57 Czech Republic PWT 7.0 PWT DANISH KRONE 59 Denmark PWT 7.0 PWT DUTCH GUILDER 146 Netherlands PWT 6.2 PWT ECUADOR SUCRE 63 Ecuador IFS * + 20 EURO 13 Austria PWT 7.0 PWT EURO 20 Belgium PWT 7.0 PWT EURO 56 Cyprus PWT 7.0 PWT EURO 72 Finland PWT 7.0 PWT EURO 73 France PWT 7.0 PWT EURO 80 Germany PWT 7.0 PWT EURO 83 Greece PWT 7.0 PWT EURO 102 Ireland PWT 7.0 PWT EURO 104 Italy PWT 7.0 PWT EURO 122 Luxemburg PWT 7.0 PWT EURO 130 Malta PWT 7.0 PWT EURO 291 Montenegro PWT 7.0 PWT EURO 146 Netherlands PWT 7.0 PWT EURO 167 Portugal PWT 7.0 PWT EURO 182 Slovak Republic PWT 7.0 PWT EURO 183 Slovenia (Slavonia) PWT 7.0 PWT EURO 188 Spain PWT 7.0 PWT FINNISH MARKKA 72 Finland PWT 6.2 PWT FRENCH FRANC 73 France PWT 6.2* PWT 6.2* 23 GERMAN MARK 80 Germany PWT 6.2 PWT GHANA CEDI 81 Ghana PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 26 GUATEMALAN QUETZAL 88 Guatemala PWT 7.0 PWT HONG KONG DOLLAR 95 Hong Kong PWT 7.0 PWT HUNGARIAN FORINT 96 Hungary PWT 7.0 PWT ISRAELI NEW SHEKEL 103 Israel PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 30 INDIAN RUPEE 98 India PWT 7.0 PWT INDONESIAN RUPIAH 99 Indonesia PWT 7.0 PWT IRISH PUNT 102 Ireland PWT 6.2 PWT ITALIAN LIRA 104 Italy PWT 6.2 PWT JAPANESE YEN 106 Japan PWT 7.0 PWT JORDANIAN DINAR 107 Jordan PWT 7.0 PWT KENYAN SHILLING 109 Kenya PWT 7.0 PWT KOREAN WON 111 Korea PWT 7.0 PWT KUWAITI DINAR 112 Kuwait PWT 7.0 PWT MOROCCAN DIRHAM 141 Morocco PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 41 MALAYSIAN RINGGIT 127 Malaysia PWT 7.0 PWT MEXICAN PESO 135 Mexico PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 43 NEW ZEALAND DOLLAR 149 New Zealand PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 44 NORWEGIAN KRONE 156 Norway PWT 7.0 PWT OMAN RIYAL 157 Oman PWT 7.0 PWT PERUVIAN NUEVO SOL 163 Peru PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 47 PAKISTAN RUPEE 158 Pakistan PWT 7.0 PWT PORTUGUESE ESCUDO 167 Portugal PWT 6.2 PWT QATARI RIYALI 169 Qatar PWT 7.0 PWT RUSSIAN FEDERATION RUBLE 172 Russia PWT 7.0 / PWT 5.6* PWT 7.0 / PWT 5.6* + 51 SAUDI ARABIAN RIYAL 177 Saudi Arabia PWT 7.0 PWT SINGAPORE DOLLAR 181 Singapore PWT 7.0 PWT SOUTH AFRICAN RAND 186 South Africa PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 54 SPANISH PESETA 188 Spain PWT 6.2 PWT SWEDISH KRONA 198 Sweden PWT 7.0 PWT SWISS FRANC 199 Switzerland PWT 7.0 PWT TAIWAN DOLLAR 201 Taiwan PWT 7.0* PWT TANZANIAN SCHILLING 203 Tanzania PWT 7.0 PWT THAI BAHT 204 Thailand PWT 7.0 PWT TUNISIAN DINAR 208 Tunisia PWT 7.0 PWT UAE DIRHAM 216 United Arab Emirates PWT 7.0 PWT VENEZUELAN BOLIVAR 223 Venezuela PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 63 VIETNAMESE DONG 224 Vietnam PWT 7.0 PWT 7.0

4 Table 1. Sources of Information Currency Country Exchange Rate PPP Index 65 US DOLLAR 63 Ecuador PWT 7.0 PWT US DOLLAR 65 El Salvador PWT 7.0 PWT US DOLLAR 118 Liberia PWT 7.0 PWT US DOLLAR 131 Marshall Islands PWT 7.0 PWT US DOLLAR 136 Micronesia, Fed.States PWT 7.0 PWT US DOLLAR 159 Palau PWT 7.0 PWT US DOLLAR 168 Puerto Rico PWT 7.0 PWT US DOLLAR 245 East Timor PWT 7.0 PWT US DOLLAR 218 United States PWT 7.0 PWT ALBANIAN LEK 2 Albania PWT 7.0 PWT ARMENIAN DRAM 10 Armenia PWT 7.0 PWT BANGLADESH TAKA 17 Bangladesh PWT 7.0 PWT BARBADIAN DOLLAR 18 Barbados PWT 7.0 PWT BELARUS RUBLE 19 Belarus PWT 7.0 / IFS* PWT 7.0 / PWT 6.1* 72 BELIZE DOLLAR 21 Belize PWT 7.0 PWT BRAZILIAN CRUZADO 29 Brazil PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 74 BRAZILIAN CRUZEIRO 29 Brazil PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 75 BULGARIAN LEV 32 Bulgaria PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 76 BURMA KYAT 34 Burma IFS N.A. 77 CAMBODIAN RIEL 36 Cambodia PWT 7.0 PWT CONGOLESE FRANC 49 Congo, Dem.Republic PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 79 CFA FRANC 22 Benin PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 79 CFA FRANC 33 Burkina Faso PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 79 CFA FRANC 53 Cote D'ivoire PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 79 CFA FRANC 90 Guinea Bissau PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 79 CFA FRANC 129 Mali PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 79 CFA FRANC 151 Niger PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 79 CFA FRANC 178 Senegal PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 79 CFA FRANC 205 Togo PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 79 CFA FRANC 37 Cameroon PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 79 CFA FRANC 41 Central African Republic PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 79 CFA FRANC 42 Chad PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 79 CFA FRANC 50 Congo, Republic PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 79 CFA FRANC 66 Equatorial Guinea PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 79 CFA FRANC 77 Gabon PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 80 CROATIAN KUNA 54 Croatia PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 81 CUBAN PESO 55 Cuba PWT 7.0 PWT DOMINICAN PESO 62 Dominican Republic PWT 7.0 PWT EAST CARIBBEAN DOLLAR 8 Antigua-Barbuda PWT 7.0 PWT EAST CARIBBEAN DOLLAR 61 Dominica PWT 7.0 PWT EAST CARIBBEAN DOLLAR 85 Grenada PWT 7.0 PWT EAST CARIBBEAN DOLLAR 191 St. Kitts-Nevis PWT 7.0 PWT EAST CARIBBEAN DOLLAR 192 St. Lucia PWT 7.0 PWT EAST CARIBBEAN DOLLAR 194 St. Vincent & Grenadines PWT 7.0 PWT EGYPT POUNDS 64 Egypt PWT 7.0 PWT EL SALVADOR COLON 65 El Salvador IFS + 87 ERITREAN NAKFA 67 Eritrea PWT 7.0 PWT ETHIOPIAN BIRR 69 Ethiopia PWT 7.0 PWT FIJIAN DOLLAR 71 Fiji PWT 7.0 PWT GAMBIAN DALASI 78 Gambia, The PWT 7.0 PWT GEORGIAN LARI 79 Georgia PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 93 GUINEAN FRANC 89 Guinea PWT 7.0 PWT GUYANESE DOLLAR 91 Guyana PWT 7.0 PWT GRENADA DOLLAR 85 Grenada IFS + 96 HAITIAN GOURDES 92 Haiti PWT 7.0 PWT HONDURAS LEMPIRA 94 Honduras PWT 7.0 PWT IRANIAN RIAL 100 Iran PWT 7.0 PWT IRAQI DINAR 101 Iraq PWT 7.0 PWT JAMAICAN DOLLAR 105 Jamaica PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 101 KAZAKHSTAN TENGE 108 Kazakhstan PWT 7.0 PWT LATVIAN LATS 115 Latvia PWT 7.0 PWT LEBANESE POUND 116 Lebanon PWT 7.0 PWT LIBERIAN DOLLAR 118 Liberia IFS +

5 Table 1. Sources of Information Currency Country Exchange Rate PPP Index 107 LITHUANIAN LITAS 121 Lithuania PWT 7.0 PWT LAO KIP 114 Laos PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 109 MALTESE LIRA 130 Malta PWT 6.2 PWT MACEDONIAN DENAR 124 Macedonia PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 111 MOLDOVAN LEU 137 Moldova PWT 7.0 PWT NEPALESE RUPEE 145 Nepal PWT 7.0 PWT NICARAGUAN CORDOBA 150 Nicaragua PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 115 NIGERIA NAIRA 152 Nigeria PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 116 PARAGUAY GUARANI 162 Paraguay PWT 7.0 PWT PHILIPPINE PESO 164 Philippines PWT 7.0 PWT POLISH ZLOTY 166 Poland PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 119 ROMANIAN LEU 171 Romania PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 120 SERBIAN DINAR 290 Serbia PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0 / PWT SIERRA LEONE LEONE 180 Sierra Leone PWT 7.0* PWT SOMALI SHILLING 185 Somalia PWT 7.0 PWT SRI LANKAN RUPEE 189 Sri Lanka PWT 7.0 PWT SUDANESE DINAR 195 Sudan PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* SYRIAN POUND 200 Syria PWT 7.0 PWT TONGAN DOLLAR 206 Tonga PWT 7.0 PWT TRINIDAD & TOBAGO DOLLAR 207 Trinidad & Tobago PWT 7.0 PWT TURKISH LIRA 209 Turkey PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 130 TURKMEN MANAT 210 Turkmenistan PWT 7.0 PWT MONGOLIAN TUGRIK 139 Mongolia PWT 7.0 PWT UKRANIAN HRYVNIA 215 Ukraine PWT 7.0 / PWT 6.2 PWT 7.0* URUGUAYAN PESO 220 Uruguay PWT 7.0 PWT UZBEKISTANI SOM 221 Uzbekistan PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 136 YEMENI RIAL 227 Yemen PWT 7.0 PWT YUGOSLAVIAN DINAR 228 Yugoslavia, former PWT 5.6* PWT 5.6* ZAMBIAN KWACHA 126 Malawi PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 139 ZAMBIAN KWACHA 229 Zambia PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 140 BOSNIAN MARKA 27 Bosnia-Herzegovina PWT 7.0* PWT COSTA RICAN COLON 52 Costa Rica PWT 7.0 PWT SLOVAK KORUNA 182 Slovak Republic PWT 6.2 PWT KYRGYZSTAN SOM 113 Kyrgyzstan PWT 7.0 PWT NAMIBIA DOLLAR 143 Namibia PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 146 PAPUA NEW GUINEA KINA 161 Papua New Guinea PWT 7.0 PWT AZERBAIJAN MANAT 14 Azerbaijan PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 152 CAPE VERDEAN ESCUDO 39 Cape Verde PWT 7.0 PWT ARUBAN GUILDER 11 Aruba IFS N.A. 156 LESOTHO LOTI 117 Lesotho PWT 7.0* PWT 7.0* 160 RWANDAN FRANC 173 Rwanda PWT 7.0 PWT MAURITIAN RUPEE 134 Mauritius PWT 7.0 PWT PANAMA US DOLLARS 160 Panama PWT 7.0 PWT SURINAME DOLLAR 196 Suriname PWT 7.0 PWT MACAU PATACA 123 Macau PWT 7.0 PWT 7.0 The corresponding references are: PWT 5.6 PWT 6.1 PWT 6.2 PWT 7.0 IFS Alan Heston, Robert Summers and Bettina Aten, Penn World Table Version 5.6, Center for International Comparisons of Production, Income and Prices at the University of Pennsylvania. Alan Heston, Robert Summers and Bettina Aten, Penn World Table Version 6.1, Center for International Comparisons of Production, Income and Prices at the University of Pennsylvania, October Alan Heston, Robert Summers and Bettina Aten, Penn World Table Version 6.2, Center for International Comparisons of Production, Income and Prices at the University of Pennsylvania, September Alan Heston, Robert Summers and Bettina Aten, Penn World Table Version 7.0, Center for International Comparisons of Production, Income and Prices at the University of Pennsylvania, May International Monetary Fund. International Financial Statistics. Retrieved through IHS Global Insight.

6 An asterisk (*) next to the source denotes that the original series was adjusted to consider changes in currency or revaluations, as described in Section 3.2. A plus sign ( + ) indicates that the PPP index was constructed based on the depreciation of the nominal exchange rate and the inflation rate in the USD and the foreign currency, as indicated in Section 2.3. For PWT 5.6, 6.1, 6.2 and 7.0, the series employed are: XRAT(Exchange Rate to USD, annual average); and PPP (Purchasing Power Parity over GDP in national currency units per USD).From IFS, the series that were used are each country s nominal exchange rate (average) and consumer price indices. In addition, as a deflator of the USD, the index that was used is: Gross Domestic Product: Implicit Price Deflator from the U.S. Department of Commerce: Bureau of Economic Analysis. 3.2 Revaluations and Changes in Currency Table 2 presents the changes in currency and revaluations that were considered for the application of Exchange Rate and PPP conversions. Table 2. Revaluations and Changes in Currencies Country Year Revaluation/change Algeria franc = 100 old francs Angola readjusted kwanza = 1,000 new kwanza Argentina Peso ley = 100 Peso moneda nacional Peso argentine = 10,000 peso ley Austral = 1,000 Peso argentine Nuevo peso = 10,000 austral Azerbaijan manat = 5,000 old manat Belarus new ruble = 1,000 old rublee Brazil Cruzeiro Novo = 1,000 Old Cruzeiros Cruzado = 1,000 Cruzeiros Novos Cruzado Novo = 1,000 Cruzados Cruzeiro = 1 Cruzado Novo Cruzeiro Real = 1,000 Cruzeiros Real = 2,750 Cruzeiros Reals Bolivia peso = 1,000 bolivianos Nuevo boliviano = 1,000,000 pesos Bosnia Bosnian dinar = 10 Yugoslavian dinars new dinar = 10,000 dinars Bulgaria lev = 10 old levs new lev = 1,000 levs Botswana rand = 0.5 pounds pula = 1 rand Chile escudo = 1,000 pesos peso = 1,000 escudos China yuan =10,000 old yuan CFA Franc franc = 100 old francs Croatia kuna = 1,000 dinara France franc = 100 old francs Dem. Rep. of Congo zaire = 1,000 francs new zaire = 3,000,000 zaires franc = 100,000 new zaires Georgia lari = 1,000,000 coupons Ghana cedi = 2.4 pounds new cedi = 1.2 first cedis

7 Table 2. Revaluations and Changes in Currencies Country Year Revaluation/change cedi = 10,000 old cedis Guinea-Bissau CFA Franc = 65 pesos Israel shekel = 10 lira new shekel = 1,000 old sheqalim Jamaica dollar = 0.5 pounds Laos Pathet Lao kip = 20 royal kip kip = 100 Pathet Lao kip Lesotho rand = 0.5 pounds loti = 1 rand Macedonia new denar = 100 old denar Mexico Nuevo peso = 1,000 pesos Moldova leu = 1,000 cupon Morocco franc = 100 old francs Namibia rand = 0.5 pounds dollar = 1 rand New Zealand dollar = 0.5 pounds Nicaragua cordoba = 1,000 old cordobas new cordoba = 5,000,000 cordobas Nigeria naira = 0.5 pounds Peru inti = 1,000 soles New sol = 1,000,000 intis Poland New Polish zloty = 10,000 Polish zloty Romania leu = 10,000 old leu Russia ruble = 1,000 old rubles Serbia Serbian dinar = 1 Yugoslavian dinar Sierra Leone leone = 0.5 pounds South Africa rand = 0.5 pounds Sudan dinar = 10 pounds pound= 100 dinar Suriname Surinamese dollar = 1,000 Surinamese guilder Turkey new lira = 1,000,000 lira Turkmenistan new manat = 5,000 old manat Ukraine hryvnia = 100,000 karbovantsiv Uruguay new peso = 1000 pesos Uruguayan peso = 1000 new pesos Uzbekistan new som = 100 old som Venezuela bolivar fuerte = 1,000 bolivares Yugoslavia dinar = 100 old dinar dinar = 10,000 old dinar dinar = 10 old dinar dinar = 1,000,000 old dinar dinar = 1,000,000,000 old dinar novi dinar = 13,000,000 dinar Zambia kwacha = 0.5 pounds

8 4 Variables For each monetary variable [Var], the following variables are included in the databases: [Var] Amount in currency [Var]USD Conversion to USD, current prices [Var]PPP Conversion to USD with PPP, current prices [Var]USDR Conversion to USD, constant prices (2010) [Var]PPPR Conversion to USD with PPP, constant prices (2010) [Var]IS Country used for PPP conversions [Var]VAL1 Equals 1 if conversion to USD and USDR is available, 0 otherwise [Var]VAL2 Equals 1 if conversion to PPP and PPPR is available, 0 otherwise Whenever the databases included an explicit year or country to which the monetary amount corresponded, these were used to make the conversion. If a year was not explicitly specified, then the variable CURDATEY (Year when the interview started) was used to convert the quantities. In addition, if the country was not specified, a default country was used for the PPP conversions. Table 3 presents a list of the default countries used for the conversions. Table 3. Default Countries Currency Default Country 1 ALGERIAN DINAR 3 Algeria 2 ARGENTINE PESO 9 Argentina 3 AUSTRALIAN DOLLAR 12 Australia 4 AUSTRIAN SCHILLING 13 Austria 6 BAHARAIN DINAR 16 Bahrain 7 BOLIVIA BOLIVIANO 25 Bolivia 8 BRAZILIAN REAL 29 Brazil 9 BRITISH STERLING POUND 217 United Kingdom 10 BOTSWANA PULA 28 Botswana 11 CANADIAN DOLLAR 38 Canada 12 CHILEAN PESO 43 Chile 13 CHINESE YUAN 44 China, People's Republic 14 COLOMBIAN PESO 47 Colombia 15 CYPRUS POUND 56 Cyprus 16 CZECH KORUNA 57 Czech Republic 17 DANISH KRONE 59 Denmark 18 DUTCH GUILDER 146 Netherlands 19 ECUADOR SUCRE 63 Ecuador 20 EURO 80 Germany 21 FINNISH MARKKA 72 Finland 22 FRENCH FRANC 73 France 23 GERMAN MARK 80 Germany 24 GHANA CEDI 81 Ghana 26 GUATEMALAN QUETZAL 88 Guatemala 27 HONG KONG DOLLAR 95 Hong Kong 28 HUNGARIAN FORINT 96 Hungary 29 ISRAELI NEW SHEKEL 103 Israel 30 INDIAN RUPEE 98 India 31 INDONESIAN RUPIAH 99 Indonesia 32 IRISH PUNT 102 Ireland 33 ITALIAN LIRA 104 Italy

9 Table 3. Default Countries Currency Default Country 34 JAPANESE YEN 106 Japan 35 JORDANIAN DINAR 107 Jordan 36 KENYAN SHILLING 109 Kenya 37 KOREAN WON 111 Korea 38 KUWAITI DINAR 112 Kuwait 40 MOROCCAN DIRHAM 141 Morocco 41 MALAYSIAN RINGGIT 127 Malaysia 42 MEXICAN PESO 135 Mexico 43 NEW ZEALAND DOLLAR 149 New Zealand 44 NORWEGIAN KRONE 156 Norway 45 OMAN RIYAL 157 Oman 46 PERUVIAN NUEVO SOL 163 Peru 47 PAKISTAN RUPEE 158 Pakistan 48 PORTUGUESE ESCUDO 167 Portugal 49 QATARI RIYALI 169 Qatar 50 RUSSIAN FEDERATION RUBLE 172 Russia 51 SAUDI ARABIAN RIYAL 177 Saudi Arabia 52 SINGAPORE DOLLAR 181 Singapore 53 SOUTH AFRICAN RAND 186 South Africa 54 SPANISH PESETA 188 Spain 55 SWEDISH KRONA 198 Sweden 56 SWISS FRANC 199 Switzerland 57 TAIWAN DOLLAR 201 Taiwan 58 TANZANIAN SCHILLING 203 Tanzania 59 THAI BAHT 204 Thailand 60 TUNISIAN DINAR 208 Tunisia 61 UAE DIRHAM 216 United Arab Emirates 62 VENEZUELAN BOLIVAR 223 Venezuela 63 VIETNAMESE DONG 224 Vietnam 65 US DOLLAR 218 United States 66 ALBANIAN LEK 2 Albania 67 ARMENIAN DRAM 10 Armenia 69 BANGLADESH TAKA 17 Bangladesh 70 BARBADIAN DOLLAR 18 Barbados 71 BELARUS RUBLE 19 Belarus 72 BELIZE DOLLAR 21 Belize 73 BRAZILIAN CRUZADO 29 Brazil 74 BRAZILIAN CRUZEIRO 29 Brazil 75 BULGARIAN LEV 32 Bulgaria 76 BURMA KYAT 34 Burma 77 CAMBODIAN RIEL 36 Cambodia 78 CONGOLESE FRANC 49 Congo, Democratic Republic 79 CFA FRANC 37 Cameroon 80 CROATIAN KUNA 54 Croatia 81 CUBAN PESO 55 Cuba 83 DOMINICAN PESO 62 Dominican Republic 84 EAST CARIBBEAN DOLLAR 192 St. Lucia 85 EGYPT POUNDS 64 Egypt 86 EL SALVADOR COLON 65 El Salvador 87 ERITREAN NAKFA 67 Eritrea 88 ETHIOPIAN BIRR 69 Ethiopia 90 FIJIAN DOLLAR 71 Fiji 91 GAMBIAN DALASI 78 Gambia, The 92 GEORGIAN LARI 79 Georgia 93 GUINEAN FRANC 89 Guinea 94 GUYANESE DOLLAR 91 Guyana 95 GRENADA DOLLAR 85 Grenada 96 HAITIAN GOURDES 92 Haiti 97 HONDURAS LEMPIRA 94 Honduras 98 IRANIAN RIAL 100 Iran 99 IRAQI DINAR 101 Iraq 100 JAMAICAN DOLLAR 105 Jamaica 101 KAZAKHSTAN TENGE 108 Kazakhstan

10 Currency Table 3. Default Countries Default Country 103 LATVIAN LATS 115 Latvia 104 LEBANESE POUND 116 Lebanon 105 LIBERIAN DOLLAR 118 Liberia 107 LITHUANIAN LITAS 121 Lithuania 108 LAO KIP 114 Laos 109 MALTESE LIRA 130 Malta 110 MACEDONIAN DENAR 124 Macedonia 111 MOLDOVAN LEU 137 Moldova 113 NEPALESE RUPEE 145 Nepal 114 NICARAGUAN CORDOBA 150 Nicaragua 115 NIGERIA NAIRA 152 Nigeria 117 PHILIPPINE PESO 164 Philippines 118 POLISH ZLOTY 166 Poland 119 ROMANIAN LEU 171 Romania 120 SERBIAN DINAR 290 Serbia 121 SIERRA LEONE LEONE 180 Sierra Leone 122 SOMALI SHILLING 185 Somalia 124 SRI LANKAN RUPEE 189 Sri Lanka 125 SUDANESE DINAR 195 Sudan 126 SYRIAN POUND 200 Syria 127 TONGAN DOLLAR 206 Tonga 128 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO DOLLAR 207 Trinidad & Tobago 129 TURKISH LIRA 209 Turkey 130 TURKMEN MANAT 210 Turkmenistan 131 MONGOLIAN TUGRIK 139 Mongolia 133 UKRANIAN HRYVNIA 215 Ukraine 134 URUGUAYAN PESO 220 Uruguay 135 UZBEKISTANI SOM 221 Uzbekistan 136 YEMENI RIAL 227 Yemen 137 YUGOSLAVIAN DINAR 228 Yugoslavia, former 139 ZAMBIAN KWACHA 229 Zambia 140 BOSNIAN MARKA 27 Bosnia-Herzegovina 142 COSTA RICAN COLON 52 Costa Rica 143 SLOVAK KORUNA 182 Slovak Republic 144 KYRGYZSTAN SOM 113 Kyrgyzstan 145 NAMIBIA DOLLAR 143 Namibia 146 PAPUA NEW GUINEA KINA 161 Papua New Guinea 150 AZERBAIJAN MANAT 14 Azerbaijan 152 CAPE VERDEAN ESCUDO 39 Cape Verde 154 ARUBAN GUILDER 11 Aruba 156 LESOTHO LOTI 117 Lesotho 160 RWANDAN FRANC 173 Rwanda 162 MAURITIAN RUPEE 134 Mauritius 166 PANAMA US DOLLARS 160 Panama 168 SURINAME DOLLAR 196 Suriname 169 MACAU PATACA 123 Macau In addition, whenever a currency was not specified but the country was, a default currency was used to make the conversion, also based on the list in Table 3. For countries that had used more than one currency (e.g. Brazil, or members of the EMU), the default currency is the one that was used at the corresponding year. Table 4 presents a complete list of the monetary variables that are included in the database, together with the corresponding currencies, countries and years used for the conversions.

11 For the following variables, in the observations in which the Other Specify option was chosen for a country or currency, the answer was mapped manually to the corresponding code (the suffix T was added to identify these variables): B59AT, B40T, B63T, C19AT, C48AT, C53AT, C55AT, C103ZAT, G5AT, G7BT, G11BT, G14AT, G16AT, G56AT, G80IT, H115T, H163S_1T, H179_T, H92AT, H116B_2T, H120A_2T, H138BT, H198AT, H214AT. 5 Section B Employment There are several variables, specifically in Section B, in which the respondents may have not considered accurately the revaluations that different currencies have suffered as a consequence of periods of high inflation. In some of the answers, there is a suspicion that if the respondents had accurately considered the revaluation of their currencies, the amounts converted to USD would belong to a more reasonable range of values. To help researchers to discriminate among the answers that may have been subject to a bias due to revaluations, a group of dummy variables has been introduced to the databases corresponding to Section B. For each monetary variable [Var], the dummy [Var]D is equal to 1, if the currency corresponding to the answer was subject to revaluations in future years, and it is equal to 0 otherwise. The currencies and years where revaluations took place are presented in Table 2 of this manual. These revaluations may help researchers to discriminate the observations that may have biases. As an example, the following graphs depict the histograms and smoothed kernel densities for variables B65 How much earned in last job before US and B70 Earnings in typical week in last job before US. These monetary variables are the ones that have the highest number of monetary reported answers in Section B. The answers to B65 have been classified by units: weekly, bi-weekly, monthly and yearly earnings. For each of the variables, the graphs present the histogram and kernel density for the subsample where the dummy for revaluations is equal to 0 and equal to 1. The graphs in the left depict the density for the subsample where there were no revaluations in the currencies, and thus, a reporting bias is less likely. On the right side, the graphs depict the densities of the subsample where revaluations occurred, and may be biased. In all of these cases, a slight downward bias can be observed for the subsample where revaluations occurred, relative to the rest of the sample.

12 Graph 1. Histogram and kernel density of B65, earnings per week Graph 2. Histogram and kernel density of B65, earnings per two weeks

13 Graph 3. Histogram and kernel density of B65, earnings per month Graph 4. Histogram and kernel density of B65, earnings per year

14 Graph 5. Histogram and kernel density of B70

15 Table 4.List of Variables Original Variables Constructed Variables Variable Year Country Curr. USD PPP USDR PPPR IS VAL1 VAL2 Rev Section B B42 B26_Y B27 B40T B42USD B42PPP B42USDR B42PPPR B42IS B42VAL1 B42VAL2 B42D B46 B26_Y B27 B40T B46USD B46PPP B46USDR B46PPPR B46IS B46VAL1 B46VAL2 B46D B66_B2 B51_Y B52_B2 B65_B2 B66_B2USD B66_B2PPP B66_B2USDR B66_B2PPPR B66_B2IS B66_B2VAL1 B66_B2VAL2 B66_B2D B70_B2 B51_Y B52_B2 B65_B2 B70_B2USD B70_B2PPP B70_B2USDR B70_B2PPPR B70_B2IS B70_B2VAL1 B70_B2VAL2 B70_B2D B91 B75_Y B76 B89 B91USD B91PPP B91USDR B91PPPR B91IS B91VAL1 B91VAL2 B91D B95 B75_Y B76 B89 B95USD B95PPP B95USDR B95PPPR B95IS B95VAL1 B95VAL2 B95D B65 B54_Y B59AT B63T B65USD B65PPP B65USDR B65PPPR B65IS B65VAL1 B65VAL2 B65D B70 B54_Y B59AT B63T B70USD B70PPP B70USDR B70PPPR B70IS B70VAL1 B70VAL2 B70D Original Variables Constructed Variables Variable Year Country Currency USD PPP USDR PPPR IS VAL1 VAL2 Section C C68ZA C65Z_Y DEFAULT C68ZA1 C68ZAUSD C68ZAPPP C68ZAUSDR C68ZAPPPR C68ZAIS C68ZAVAL1 C68ZAVAL2 C68ZA2 C65Z_Y DEFAULT C68ZA1 C68ZA2USD C68ZA2PPP C68ZA2USDR C68ZA2PPPR C68ZA2IS C68ZA2VAL1 C68ZA2VAL2 C69ZA C65Z_Y DEFAULT C69ZA1 C69ZAUSD C69ZAPPP C69ZAUSDR C69ZAPPPR C69ZAIS C69ZAVAL1 C69ZAVAL2 C69ZA2 C65Z_Y DEFAULT C69ZA1 C69ZA2USD C69ZA2PPP C69ZA2USDR C69ZA2PPPR C69ZA2IS C69ZA2VAL1 C69ZA2VAL2 C74Z C73ZY DEFAULT C74ZA C74ZUSD C74ZPPP C74ZUSDR C74ZPPPR C74ZIS C74ZVAL1 C74ZVAL2 C74Z2 C73ZY DEFAULT C74ZA C74Z2USD C74Z2PPP C74Z2USDR C74Z2PPPR C74Z2IS C74Z2VAL1 C74Z2VAL2 C53 CURDATEY C19AT C53AT C53USD C53PPP C53USDR C53PPPR C53IS C53VAL1 C53VAL2 C532 CURDATEY C19AT C53AT C532USD C532PPP C532USDR C532PPPR C532IS C532VAL1 C532VAL2 C55 CURDATEY C19AT C55AT C55USD C55PPP C55USDR C55PPPR C55IS C55VAL1 C55VAL2 C552 CURDATEY C19AT C55AT C552USD C552PPP C552USDR C552PPPR C552IS C552VAL1 C552VAL2 C48 CURDATEY C19AT C48AT C48USD C48PPP C48USDR C48PPPR C48IS C48VAL1 C48VAL2 C482 CURDATEY C19AT C48AT C482USD C482PPP C482USDR C482PPPR C482IS C482VAL1 C482VAL2 C49 CURDATEY C19AT C49A C49USD C49PPP C49USDR C49PPPR C49IS C49VAL1 C49VAL2 C50B CURDATEY C19AT C86ZA C50BUSD C50BPPP C50BUSDR C50BPPPR C50BIS C50BVAL1 C50BVAL2 C87Z CURDATEY C19AT C87ZA C87ZUSD C87ZPPP C87ZUSDR C87ZPPPR C87ZIS C87ZVAL1 C87ZVAL2 C87Z2 CURDATEY C19AT C87ZA C87Z2USD C87Z2PPP C87Z2USDR C87Z2PPPR C87Z2IS C87Z2VAL1 C87Z2VAL2 C89ZB CURDATEY C19AT C89ZB1 C89ZBUSD C89ZBPPP C89ZBUSDR C89ZBPPPR C89ZBIS C89ZBVAL1 C89ZBVAL2 C89ZB2 CURDATEY C19AT C89ZB1 C89ZB2USD C89ZB2PPP C89ZB2USDR C89ZB2PPPR C89ZB2IS C89ZB2VAL1 C89ZB2VAL2 C4 CURDATEY DEFAULT C95ZA C4USD C4PPP C4USDR C4PPPR C4IS C4VAL1 C4VAL2 C103Z CURDATEY DEFAULT C103ZAT C103ZUSD C103ZPPP C103ZUSDR C103ZPPPR C103ZIS C103ZVAL1 C103ZVAL2 C103Z2 CURDATEY DEFAULT C103ZAT C103Z2USD C103Z2PPP C103Z2USDR C103Z2PPPR C103Z2IS C103Z2VAL1 C103Z2VAL2

16 Original Variables Constructed Variables Variable Year Country Currency USD PPP USDR PPPR IS VAL1 VAL2 Section G G5 CURDATEY DEFAULT G5AT G5USD G5PPP G5USDR G5PPPR G5IS G5VAL1 G5VAL2 G7A CURDATEY DEFAULT G7BT G7AUSD G7APPP G7AUSDR G7APPPR G7AIS G7AVAL1 G7AVAL2 G9A CURDATEY DEFAULT G9B G9AUSD G9APPP G9AUSDR G9APPPR G9AIS G9AVAL1 G9AVAL2 G11A CURDATEY DEFAULT G11BT G11AUSD G11APPP G11AUSDR G11APPPR G11AIS G11AVAL1 G11AVAL2 G14 CURDATEY DEFAULT G14AT G14USD G14PPP G14USDR G14PPPR G14IS G14VAL1 G14VAL2 G16 CURDATEY DEFAULT G16AT G16USD G16PPP G16USDR G16PPPR G16IS G16VAL1 G16VAL2 G18 CURDATEY DEFAULT G18A G18USD G18PPP G18USDR G18PPPR G18IS G18VAL1 G18VAL2 G19A CURDATEY DEFAULT G19B G19AUSD G19APPP G19AUSDR G19APPPR G19AIS G19AVAL1 G19AVAL2 G23 CURDATEY DEFAULT G23A G23USD G23PPP G23USDR G23PPPR G23IS G23VAL1 G23VAL2 G28 CURDATEY DEFAULT G28A G28USD G28PPP G28USDR G28PPPR G28IS G28VAL1 G28VAL2 G35 CURDATEY DEFAULT G35A G35USD G35PPP G35USDR G35PPPR G35IS G35VAL1 G35VAL2 G40 CURDATEY DEFAULT G40A G40USD G40PPP G40USDR G40PPPR G40IS G40VAL1 G40VAL2 G54 CURDATEY G53_1 G54A G54USD G54PPP G54USDR G54PPPR G54IS G54VAL1 G54VAL2 G56 CURDATEY G55_1 G56AT G56USD G56PPP G56USDR G56PPPR G56IS G56VAL1 G56VAL2 G67 CURDATEY DEFAULT G67A G67USD G67PPP G67USDR G67PPPR G67IS G67VAL1 G67VAL2 G67H CURDATEY DEFAULT G67I G67HUSD G67HPPP G67HUSDR G67HPPPR G67HIS G67HVAL1 G67HVAL2 G70H CURDATEY DEFAULT G70I G70HUSD G70HPPP G70HUSDR G70HPPPR G70HIS G70HVAL1 G70HVAL2 G77 CURDATEY DEFAULT G77A G77USD G77PPP G77USDR G77PPPR G77IS G77VAL1 G77VAL2 G80 CURDATEY DEFAULT G80A G80USD G80PPP G80USDR G80PPPR G80IS G80VAL1 G80VAL2 G80H CURDATEY DEFAULT G80IT G80HUSD G80HPPP G80HUSDR G80HPPPR G80HIS G80HVAL1 G80HVAL2 G87 CURDATEY DEFAULT G87A G87USD G87PPP G87USDR G87PPPR G87IS G87VAL1 G87VAL2 G90 CURDATEY DEFAULT G90A G90USD G90PPP G90USDR G90PPPR G90IS G90VAL1 G90VAL2 Section H H92 CURDATEY DEFAULT H92AT H92USD H92PPP H92USDR H92PPPR H92IS H92VAL1 H92VAL2 H96 CURDATEY DEFAULT H96A H96USD H96PPP H96USDR H96PPPR H96IS H96VAL1 H96VAL2 H98 CURDATEY DEFAULT H98A H98USD H98PPP H98USDR H98PPPR H98IS H98VAL1 H98VAL2 H99G CURDATEY DEFAULT H99GA H99GUSD H99GPPP H99GUSDR H99GPPPR H99GIS H99GVAL1 H99GVAL2 H99G1 CURDATEY DEFAULT H99G1A H99G1USD H99G1PPP H99G1USDR H99G1PPPR H99G1IS H99G1VAL1 H99G1VAL2 H99K CURDATEY DEFAULT H99KA H99KUSD H99KPPP H99KUSDR H99KPPPR H99KIS H99KVAL1 H99KVAL2 H99S CURDATEY DEFAULT H99SA H99SUSD H99SPPP H99SUSDR H99SPPPR H99SIS H99SVAL1 H99SVAL2 H104 CURDATEY DEFAULT H104A H104USD H104PPP H104USDR H104PPPR H104IS H104VAL1 H104VAL2 H108 CURDATEY DEFAULT H108A H108USD H108PPP H108USDR H108PPPR H108IS H108VAL1 H108VAL2 H110 CURDATEY DEFAULT H110A H110USD H110PPP H110USDR H110PPPR H110IS H110VAL1 H110VAL2 H116A_1 CURDATEY H115T H116B_1 H116A_1USD H116A_1PPP H116A_1USDR H116A_1PPPR H116A_1IS H116A_1VAL1 H116A_1VAL2

17 Original Variables Constructed Variables Variable Year Country Currency USD PPP USDR PPPR IS VAL1 VAL2 H116A_2 CURDATEY H115T H116B_2T H116A_2USD H116A_2PPP H116A_2USDR H116A_2PPPR H116A_2IS H116A_2VAL1 H116A_2VAL2 H120_1 CURDATEY H115T H120A_1 H120_1USD H120_1PPP H120_1USDR H120_1PPPR H120_1IS H120_1VAL1 H120_1VAL2 H120_2 CURDATEY H115T H120A_2T H120_2USD H120_2PPP H120_2USDR H120_2PPPR H120_2IS H120_2VAL1 H120_2VAL2 H122_1 CURDATEY H115T H122A_1 H122_1USD H122_1PPP H122_1USDR H122_1PPPR H122_1IS H122_1VAL1 H122_1VAL2 H122_2 CURDATEY H115T H122A_2 H122_2USD H122_2PPP H122_2USDR H122_2PPPR H122_2IS H122_2VAL1 H122_2VAL2 H126 CURDATEY DEFAULT H126A H126USD H126PPP H126USDR H126PPPR H126IS H126VAL1 H126VAL2 H130 CURDATEY DEFAULT H130A H130USD H130PPP H130USDR H130PPPR H130IS H130VAL1 H130VAL2 H132 CURDATEY DEFAULT H132A H132USD H132PPP H132USDR H132PPPR H132IS H132VAL1 H132VAL2 H138A CURDATEY DEFAULT H138BT H138AUSD H138APPP H138AUSDR H138APPPR H138AIS H138AVAL1 H138AVAL2 H141 CURDATEY DEFAULT H141A H141USD H141PPP H141USDR H141PPPR H141IS H141VAL1 H141VAL2 H144 CURDATEY DEFAULT H144A H144USD H144PPP H144USDR H144PPPR H144IS H144VAL1 H144VAL2 H154 CURDATEY DEFAULT H154A H154USD H154PPP H154USDR H154PPPR H154IS H154VAL1 H154VAL2 H158 CURDATEY DEFAULT H158A H158USD H158PPP H158USDR H158PPPR H158IS H158VAL1 H158VAL2 H161 CURDATEY DEFAULT H161A H161USD H161PPP H161USDR H161PPPR H161IS H161VAL1 H161VAL2 H163A_1 H163_1_Y H163S_1T H163B_1 H163A_1USD H163A_1PPP H163A_1USDR H163A_1PPPR H163A_1IS H163A_1VAL1 H163A_1VAL2 H163A_2 H163_2_Y H163S_2 H163B_2 H163A_2USD H163A_2PPP H163A_2USDR H163A_2PPPR H163A_2IS H163A_2VAL1 H163A_2VAL2 H163A_3 H163_3_Y H163S_3 H163B_3 H163A_3USD H163A_3PPP H163A_3USDR H163A_3PPPR H163A_3IS H163A_3VAL1 H163A_3VAL2 H163A_4 H163_4_Y H163S_4 H163B_4 H163A_4USD H163A_4PPP H163A_4USDR H163A_4PPPR H163A_4IS H163A_4VAL1 H163A_4VAL2 H163A_5 H163_5_Y H163S_5 H163B_5 H163A_5USD H163A_5PPP H163A_5USDR H163A_5PPPR H163A_5IS H163A_5VAL1 H163A_5VAL2 H163D_1 CURDATEY H163S_1T H163B_1 H163D_1USD H163D_1PPP H163D_1USDR H163D_1PPPR H163D_1IS H163D_1VAL1 H163D_1VAL2 H163D_2 CURDATEY H163S_2 H163B_2 H163D_2USD H163D_2PPP H163D_2USDR H163D_2PPPR H163D_2IS H163D_2VAL1 H163D_2VAL2 H163D_3 CURDATEY H163S_3 H163B_3 H163D_3USD H163D_3PPP H163D_3USDR H163D_3PPPR H163D_3IS H163D_3VAL1 H163D_3VAL2 H163D_4 CURDATEY H163S_4 H163B_4 H163D_4USD H163D_4PPP H163D_4USDR H163D_4PPPR H163D_4IS H163D_4VAL1 H163D_4VAL2 H163D_5 CURDATEY H163S_5 H163B_5 H163D_5USD H163D_5PPP H163D_5USDR H163D_5PPPR H163D_5IS H163D_5VAL1 H163D_5VAL2 H163Z1 CURDATEY DEFAULT H163Z2 H163Z1USD H163Z1PPP H163Z1USDR H163Z1PPPR H163Z1IS H163Z1VAL1 H163Z1VAL2 H165 CURDATEY DEFAULT H165A H165USD H165PPP H165USDR H165PPPR H165IS H165VAL1 H165VAL2 H167 CURDATEY DEFAULT H167A H167USD H167PPP H167USDR H167PPPR H167IS H167VAL1 H167VAL2 H169 CURDATEY DEFAULT H169A H169USD H169PPP H169USDR H169PPPR H169IS H169VAL1 H169VAL2 H180_1_1 CURDATEY H179_1T H180A_1_1 H180_1_1USD H180_1_1PPP H180_1_1USDR H180_1_1PPPR H180_1_1IS H180_1_1VAL1 H180_1_1VAL2 H180_1_2 CURDATEY H179_1T H180A_1_2 H180_1_2USD H180_1_2PPP H180_1_2USDR H180_1_2PPPR H180_1_2IS H180_1_2VAL1 H180_1_2VAL2 H180_2_1 CURDATEY H179_2 H180A_2_1 H180_2_1USD H180_2_1PPP H180_2_1USDR H180_2_1PPPR H180_2_1IS H180_2_1VAL1 H180_2_1VAL2 H180_2_2 CURDATEY H179_2 H180A_2_2 H180_2_2USD H180_2_2PPP H180_2_2USDR H180_2_2PPPR H180_2_2IS H180_2_2VAL1 H180_2_2VAL2 H188_1_1 CURDATEY H187_1 H188A_1_1 H188_1_1USD H188_1_1PPP H188_1_1USDR H188_1_1PPPR H188_1_1IS H188_1_1VAL1 H188_1_1VAL2 H188_1_2 CURDATEY H187_1 H188A_1_2 H188_1_2USD H188_1_2PPP H188_1_2USDR H188_1_2PPPR H188_1_2IS H188_1_2VAL1 H188_1_2VAL2 H188_2_1 CURDATEY H187_2 H188A_2_1 H188_2_1USD H188_2_1PPP H188_2_1USDR H188_2_1PPPR H188_2_1IS H188_2_1VAL1 H188_2_1VAL2

18 Original Variables Constructed Variables Variable Year Country Currency USD PPP USDR PPPR IS VAL1 VAL2 H188_2_2 CURDATEY H187_2 H188A_2_2 H188_2_2USD H188_2_2PPP H188_2_2USDR H188_2_2PPPR H188_2_2IS H188_2_2VAL1 H188_2_2VAL2 H191 CURDATEY DEFAULT H191A H191USD H191PPP H191USDR H191PPPR H191IS H191VAL1 H191VAL2 H195_1 CURDATEY DEFAULT H195A_1 H195_1USD H195_1PPP H195_1USDR H195_1PPPR H195_1IS H195_1VAL1 H195_1VAL2 H195_2 CURDATEY DEFAULT H195A_2 H195_2USD H195_2PPP H195_2USDR H195_2PPPR H195_2IS H195_2VAL1 H195_2VAL2 H195_3 CURDATEY DEFAULT H195A_3 H195_3USD H195_3PPP H195_3USDR H195_3PPPR H195_3IS H195_3VAL1 H195_3VAL2 H195_4 CURDATEY DEFAULT H195A_4 H195_4USD H195_4PPP H195_4USDR H195_4PPPR H195_4IS H195_4VAL1 H195_4VAL2 H195_5 CURDATEY DEFAULT H195A_5 H195_5USD H195_5PPP H195_5USDR H195_5PPPR H195_5IS H195_5VAL1 H195_5VAL2 H195_6 CURDATEY DEFAULT H195A_6 H195_6USD H195_6PPP H195_6USDR H195_6PPPR H195_6IS H195_6VAL1 H195_6VAL2 H195_7 CURDATEY DEFAULT H195A_7 H195_7USD H195_7PPP H195_7USDR H195_7PPPR H195_7IS H195_7VAL1 H195_7VAL2 H195_8 CURDATEY DEFAULT H195A_8 H195_8USD H195_8PPP H195_8USDR H195_8PPPR H195_8IS H195_8VAL1 H195_8VAL2 H195_9 CURDATEY DEFAULT H195A_9 H195_9USD H195_9PPP H195_9USDR H195_9PPPR H195_9IS H195_9VAL1 H195_9VAL2 H195_10 CURDATEY DEFAULT H195A_10 H195_10USD H195_10PPP H195_10USDR H195_10PPPR H195_10IS H195_10VAL1 H195_10VAL2 H195_11 CURDATEY DEFAULT H195A_11 H195_11USD H195_11PPP H195_11USDR H195_11PPPR H195_11IS H195_11VAL1 H195_11VAL2 H195_12 CURDATEY DEFAULT H195A_12 H195_12USD H195_12PPP H195_12USDR H195_12PPPR H195_12IS H195_12VAL1 H195_12VAL2 H195_13 CURDATEY DEFAULT H195A_13 H195_13USD H195_13PPP H195_13USDR H195_13PPPR H195_13IS H195_13VAL1 H195_13VAL2 H195_14 CURDATEY DEFAULT H195A_14 H195_14USD H195_14PPP H195_14USDR H195_14PPPR H195_14IS H195_14VAL1 H195_14VAL2 H195_15 CURDATEY DEFAULT H195A_15 H195_15USD H195_15PPP H195_15USDR H195_15PPPR H195_15IS H195_15VAL1 H195_15VAL2 H195_16 CURDATEY DEFAULT H195A_16 H195_16USD H195_16PPP H195_16USDR H195_16PPPR H195_16IS H195_16VAL1 H195_16VAL2 H195_17 CURDATEY DEFAULT H195A_17 H195_17USD H195_17PPP H195_17USDR H195_17PPPR H195_17IS H195_17VAL1 H195_17VAL2 H195_18 CURDATEY DEFAULT H195A_18 H195_18USD H195_18PPP H195_18USDR H195_18PPPR H195_18IS H195_18VAL1 H195_18VAL2 H195_19 CURDATEY DEFAULT H195A_19 H195_19USD H195_19PPP H195_19USDR H195_19PPPR H195_19IS H195_19VAL1 H195_19VAL2 H195_20 CURDATEY DEFAULT H195A_20 H195_20USD H195_20PPP H195_20USDR H195_20PPPR H195_20IS H195_20VAL1 H195_20VAL2 H195_22 CURDATEY DEFAULT H195A_22 H195_22USD H195_22PPP H195_22USDR H195_22PPPR H195_22IS H195_22VAL1 H195_22VAL2 H195_23 CURDATEY DEFAULT H195A_23 H195_23USD H195_23PPP H195_23USDR H195_23PPPR H195_23IS H195_23VAL1 H195_23VAL2 H195_24 CURDATEY DEFAULT H195A_24 H195_24USD H195_24PPP H195_24USDR H195_24PPPR H195_24IS H195_24VAL1 H195_24VAL2 H195_27 CURDATEY DEFAULT H195A_27 H195_27USD H195_27PPP H195_27USDR H195_27PPPR H195_27IS H195_27VAL1 H195_27VAL2 H195_35 CURDATEY DEFAULT H195A_35 H195_35USD H195_35PPP H195_35USDR H195_35PPPR H195_35IS H195_35VAL1 H195_35VAL2 H195_58 CURDATEY DEFAULT H195A_58 H195_58USD H195_58PPP H195_58USDR H195_58PPPR H195_58IS H195_58VAL1 H195_58VAL2 H198 CURDATEY DEFAULT H198AT H198USD H198PPP H198USDR H198PPPR H198IS H198VAL1 H198VAL2 H213 CURDATEY DEFAULT H214T H213USD H213PPP H213USDR H213PPPR H213IS H213VAL1 H213VAL2 Section I I3 CURDATEY DEFAULT I3B I3USD I3PPP I3USDR I3PPPR I3IS I3VAL1 I3VAL2 I5 CURDATEY DEFAULT I5B I5USD I5PPP I5USDR I5PPPR I5IS I5VAL1 I5VAL2 I7 CURDATEY DEFAULT I7B I7USD I7PPP I7USDR I7PPPR I7IS I7VAL1 I7VAL2 I10_1 CURDATEY DEFAULT I10B_1 I10_1USD I10_1PPP I10_1USDR I10_1PPPR I10_1IS I10_1VAL1 I10_1VAL2

19 Original Variables Constructed Variables Variable Year Country Currency USD PPP USDR PPPR IS VAL1 VAL2 I10_2 CURDATEY DEFAULT I10B_2 I10_2USD I10_2PPP I10_2USDR I10_2PPPR I10_2IS I10_2VAL1 I10_2VAL2 I10_3 CURDATEY DEFAULT I10B_3 I10_3USD I10_3PPP I10_3USDR I10_3PPPR I10_3IS I10_3VAL1 I10_3VAL2 I10_4 CURDATEY DEFAULT I10B_4 I10_4USD I10_4PPP I10_4USDR I10_4PPPR I10_4IS I10_4VAL1 I10_4VAL2 I10_5 CURDATEY DEFAULT I10B_5 I10_5USD I10_5PPP I10_5USDR I10_5PPPR I10_5IS I10_5VAL1 I10_5VAL2 I10_6 CURDATEY DEFAULT I10B_6 I10_6USD I10_6PPP I10_6USDR I10_6PPPR I10_6IS I10_6VAL1 I10_6VAL2 I10_7 CURDATEY DEFAULT I10B_7 I10_7USD I10_7PPP I10_7USDR I10_7PPPR I10_7IS I10_7VAL1 I10_7VAL2 I10_8 CURDATEY DEFAULT I10B_8 I10_8USD I10_8PPP I10_8USDR I10_8PPPR I10_8IS I10_8VAL1 I10_8VAL2 I10_9 CURDATEY DEFAULT I10B_9 I10_9USD I10_9PPP I10_9USDR I10_9PPPR I10_9IS I10_9VAL1 I10_9VAL2 I12_1 CURDATEY DEFAULT I12B_1 I12_1USD I12_1PPP I12_1USDR I12_1PPPR I12_1IS I12_1VAL1 I12_1VAL2 I12_2 CURDATEY DEFAULT I12B_2 I12_2USD I12_2PPP I12_2USDR I12_2PPPR I12_2IS I12_2VAL1 I12_2VAL2 I12_3 CURDATEY DEFAULT I12B_3 I12_3USD I12_3PPP I12_3USDR I12_3PPPR I12_3IS I12_3VAL1 I12_3VAL2 I12_4 CURDATEY DEFAULT I12B_4 I12_4USD I12_4PPP I12_4USDR I12_4PPPR I12_4IS I12_4VAL1 I12_4VAL2 I12_5 CURDATEY DEFAULT I12B_5 I12_5USD I12_5PPP I12_5USDR I12_5PPPR I12_5IS I12_5VAL1 I12_5VAL2 I12_6 CURDATEY DEFAULT I12B_6 I12_6USD I12_6PPP I12_6USDR I12_6PPPR I12_6IS I12_6VAL1 I12_6VAL2 I12_7 CURDATEY DEFAULT I12B_7 I12_7USD I12_7PPP I12_7USDR I12_7PPPR I12_7IS I12_7VAL1 I12_7VAL2 I12_8 CURDATEY DEFAULT I12B_8 I12_8USD I12_8PPP I12_8USDR I12_8PPPR I12_8IS I12_8VAL1 I12_8VAL2 I12_9 CURDATEY DEFAULT I12B_9 I12_9USD I12_9PPP I12_9USDR I12_9PPPR I12_9IS I12_9VAL1 I12_9VAL2 I12_10 CURDATEY DEFAULT I12B_10 I12_10USD I12_10PPP I12_10USDR I12_10PPPR I12_10IS I12_10VAL1 I12_10VAL2 I12_11 CURDATEY DEFAULT I12B_11 I12_11USD I12_11PPP I12_11USDR I12_11PPPR I12_11IS I12_11VAL1 I12_11VAL2 I12_12 CURDATEY DEFAULT I12B_12 I12_12USD I12_12PPP I12_12USDR I12_12PPPR I12_12IS I12_12VAL1 I12_12VAL2 I14_1 CURDATEY DEFAULT I14B_1 I14_1USD I14_1PPP I14_1USDR I14_1PPPR I14_1IS I14_1VAL1 I14_1VAL2 I14_2 CURDATEY DEFAULT I14B_2 I14_2USD I14_2PPP I14_2USDR I14_2PPPR I14_2IS I14_2VAL1 I14_2VAL2 I14_3 CURDATEY DEFAULT I14B_3 I14_3USD I14_3PPP I14_3USDR I14_3PPPR I14_3IS I14_3VAL1 I14_3VAL2 I14_4 CURDATEY DEFAULT I14B_4 I14_4USD I14_4PPP I14_4USDR I14_4PPPR I14_4IS I14_4VAL1 I14_4VAL2 I16_1 CURDATEY DEFAULT I16B_1 I16_1USD I16_1PPP I16_1USDR I16_1PPPR I16_1IS I16_1VAL1 I16_1VAL2 I16_2 CURDATEY DEFAULT I16B_2 I16_2USD I16_2PPP I16_2USDR I16_2PPPR I16_2IS I16_2VAL1 I16_2VAL2 I16_3 CURDATEY DEFAULT I16B_3 I16_3USD I16_3PPP I16_3USDR I16_3PPPR I16_3IS I16_3VAL1 I16_3VAL2 I16_4 CURDATEY DEFAULT I16B_4 I16_4USD I16_4PPP I16_4USDR I16_4PPPR I16_4IS I16_4VAL1 I16_4VAL2 I18_1 CURDATEY DEFAULT I18B_1 I18_1USD I18_1PPP I18_1USDR I18_1PPPR I18_1IS I18_1VAL1 I18_1VAL2 I18_2 CURDATEY DEFAULT I18B_2 I18_2USD I18_2PPP I18_2USDR I18_2PPPR I18_2IS I18_2VAL1 I18_2VAL2 I18_3 CURDATEY DEFAULT I18B_3 I18_3USD I18_3PPP I18_3USDR I18_3PPPR I18_3IS I18_3VAL1 I18_3VAL2 I18_4 CURDATEY DEFAULT I18B_4 I18_4USD I18_4PPP I18_4USDR I18_4PPPR I18_4IS I18_4VAL1 I18_4VAL2 I18_5 CURDATEY DEFAULT I18B_5 I18_5USD I18_5PPP I18_5USDR I18_5PPPR I18_5IS I18_5VAL1 I18_5VAL2 I20_1 CURDATEY DEFAULT I20B_1 I20_1USD I20_1PPP I20_1USDR I20_1PPPR I20_1IS I20_1VAL1 I20_1VAL2 I20_2 CURDATEY DEFAULT I20B_2 I20_2USD I20_2PPP I20_2USDR I20_2PPPR I20_2IS I20_2VAL1 I20_2VAL2

20 Original Variables Constructed Variables Variable Year Country Currency USD PPP USDR PPPR IS VAL1 VAL2 I23_1 CURDATEY DEFAULT I23B_1 I23_1USD I23_1PPP I23_1USDR I23_1PPPR I23_1IS I23_1VAL1 I23_1VAL2 I23_2 CURDATEY DEFAULT I23B_2 I23_2USD I23_2PPP I23_2USDR I23_2PPPR I23_2IS I23_2VAL1 I23_2VAL2 I23_3 CURDATEY DEFAULT I23B_3 I23_3USD I23_3PPP I23_3USDR I23_3PPPR I23_3IS I23_3VAL1 I23_3VAL2 I23_4 CURDATEY DEFAULT I23B_4 I23_4USD I23_4PPP I23_4USDR I23_4PPPR I23_4IS I23_4VAL1 I23_4VAL2 I23_6 CURDATEY DEFAULT I23B_6 I23_6USD I23_6PPP I23_6USDR I23_6PPPR I23_6IS I23_6VAL1 I23_6VAL2 I23_7 CURDATEY DEFAULT I23B_7 I23_7USD I23_7PPP I23_7USDR I23_7PPPR I23_7IS I23_7VAL1 I23_7VAL2 I23_11 CURDATEY DEFAULT I23B_11 I23_11USD I23_11PPP I23_11USDR I23_11PPPR I23_11IS I23_11VAL1 I23_11VAL2 I26_5 CURDATEY DEFAULT I26B_5 I26_5USD I26_5PPP I26_5USDR I26_5PPPR I26_5IS I26_5VAL1 I26_5VAL2 I28_1 CURDATEY DEFAULT I28B_1 I28_1USD I28_1PPP I28_1USDR I28_1PPPR I28_1IS I28_1VAL1 I28_1VAL2 I28_3 CURDATEY DEFAULT I28B_3 I28_3USD I28_3PPP I28_3USDR I28_3PPPR I28_3IS I28_3VAL1 I28_3VAL2 I28_4 CURDATEY DEFAULT I28B_4 I28_4USD I28_4PPP I28_4USDR I28_4PPPR I28_4IS I28_4VAL1 I28_4VAL2 I28_5 CURDATEY DEFAULT I28B_5 I28_5USD I28_5PPP I28_5USDR I28_5PPPR I28_5IS I28_5VAL1 I28_5VAL2 I28_6 CURDATEY DEFAULT I28B_6 I28_6USD I28_6PPP I28_6USDR I28_6PPPR I28_6IS I28_6VAL1 I28_6VAL2 I28_7 CURDATEY DEFAULT I28B_7 I28_7USD I28_7PPP I28_7USDR I28_7PPPR I28_7IS I28_7VAL1 I28_7VAL2 I30_6 CURDATEY DEFAULT I30B_6 I30_6USD I30_6PPP I30_6USDR I30_6PPPR I30_6IS I30_6VAL1 I30_6VAL2 I32 CURDATEY DEFAULT I32B I32USD I32PPP I32USDR I32PPPR I32IS I32VAL1 I32VAL2 I34 CURDATEY DEFAULT I34B I34USD I34PPP I34USDR I34PPPR I34IS I34VAL1 I34VAL2 I37 CURDATEY DEFAULT I37B I37USD I37PPP I37USDR I37PPPR I37IS I37VAL1 I37VAL2 I39 CURDATEY DEFAULT I39B I39USD I39PPP I39USDR I39PPPR I39IS I39VAL1 I39VAL2 I41 CURDATEY DEFAULT I41B I41USD I41PPP I41USDR I41PPPR I41IS I41VAL1 I41VAL2 I43 CURDATEY DEFAULT I43B I43USD I43PPP I43USDR I43PPPR I43IS I43VAL1 I43VAL2 I45 CURDATEY DEFAULT I46B I45USD I45PPP I45USDR I45PPPR I45IS I45VAL1 I45VAL2 I48 CURDATEY DEFAULT I48B I48USD I48PPP I48USDR I48PPPR I48IS I48VAL1 I48VAL2 I50 CURDATEY DEFAULT I50B I50USD I50PPP I50USDR I50PPPR I50IS I50VAL1 I50VAL2 I55A CURDATEY DEFAULT I55B I55AUSD I55APPP I55AUSDR I55APPPR I55AIS I55AVAL1 I55AVAL2 I59A CURDATEY DEFAULT I59B I59AUSD I59APPP I59AUSDR I59APPPR I59AIS I59AVAL1 I59AVAL2 I62A CURDATEY DEFAULT I62B I62AUSD I62APPP I62AUSDR I62APPPR I62AIS I62AVAL1 I62AVAL2 Section P H54_1 CURDATEY H53_1 H54A_1 H54_1USD H54_1PPP H54_1USDR H54_1PPPR H54_1IS H54_1VAL1 H54_1VAL2 H54_2 CURDATEY H53_2 H54A_2 H54_2USD H54_2PPP H54_2USDR H54_2PPPR H54_2IS H54_2VAL1 H54_2VAL2 H58_1 CURDATEY H53_1 H58B_1 H58_1USD H58_1PPP H58_1USDR H58_1PPPR H58_1IS H58_1VAL1 H58_1VAL2 H58_2 CURDATEY H53_2 H58B_2 H58_2USD H58_2PPP H58_2USDR H58_2PPPR H58_2IS H58_2VAL1 H58_2VAL2 H60_1 CURDATEY H53_1 H60B_1 H60_1USD H60_1PPP H60_1USDR H60_1PPPR H60_1IS H60_1VAL1 H60_1VAL2 H60_2 CURDATEY H53_2 H60B_2 H60_2USD H60_2PPP H60_2USDR H60_2PPPR H60_2IS H60_2VAL1 H60_2VAL2 H64 CURDATEY DEFAULT H64A H64USD H64PPP H64USDR H64PPPR H64IS H64VAL1 H64VAL2

21 Original Variables Constructed Variables Variable Year Country Currency USD PPP USDR PPPR IS VAL1 VAL2 H66 CURDATEY DEFAULT H66A H66USD H66PPP H66USDR H66PPPR H66IS H66VAL1 H66VAL2 H79_1 CURDATEY H70_1 H79A_1 H79_1USD H79_1PPP H79_1USDR H79_1PPPR H79_1IS H79_1VAL1 H79_1VAL2 H79_2 CURDATEY H70_2 H79A_2 H79_2USD H79_2PPP H79_2USDR H79_2PPPR H79_2IS H79_2VAL1 H79_2VAL2 H79_3 CURDATEY H70_3 H79A_3 H79_3USD H79_3PPP H79_3USDR H79_3PPPR H79_3IS H79_3VAL1 H79_3VAL2 H80_1 CURDATEY H70_1 H80A_1 H80_1USD H80_1PPP H80_1USDR H80_1PPPR H80_1IS H80_1VAL1 H80_1VAL2 H80_2 CURDATEY H70_2 H80A_2 H80_2USD H80_2PPP H80_2USDR H80_2PPPR H80_2IS H80_2VAL1 H80_2VAL2 H80_3 CURDATEY H70_3 H80A_3 H80_3USD H80_3PPP H80_3USDR H80_3PPPR H80_3IS H80_3VAL1 H80_3VAL2 H84_1 CURDATEY DEFAULT H84A_1 H84_1USD H84_1PPP H84_1USDR H84_1PPPR H84_1IS H84_1VAL1 H84_1VAL2 H84_2 CURDATEY DEFAULT H84A_2 H84_2USD H84_2PPP H84_2USDR H84_2PPPR H84_2IS H84_2VAL1 H84_2VAL2 H86_1 CURDATEY DEFAULT H86A_1 H86_1USD H86_1PPP H86_1USDR H86_1PPPR H86_1IS H86_1VAL1 H86_1VAL2 H86_2 CURDATEY DEFAULT H86A_2 H86_2USD H86_2PPP H86_2USDR H86_2PPPR H86_2IS H86_2VAL1 H86_2VAL2 P102 CURDATEY DEFAULT P102A P102USD P102PPP P102USDR P102PPPR P102IS P102VAL1 P102VAL2 P106 P109_Y DEFAULT P106A P106USD P106PPP P106USDR P106PPPR P106IS P106VAL1 P106VAL2 P114 P113_Y DEFAULT P114A P114USD P114PPP P114USDR P114PPPR P114IS P114VAL1 P114VAL2 P117 P116_Y DEFAULT P117A P117USD P117PPP P117USDR P117PPPR P117IS P117VAL1 P117VAL2 P120 P119_Y DEFAULT P120A P120USD P120PPP P120USDR P120PPPR P120IS P120VAL1 P120VAL2 P123 CURDATEY DEFAULT P123A P123USD P123PPP P123USDR P123PPPR P123IS P123VAL1 P123VAL2 P127 CURDATEY DEFAULT P127A P127USD P127PPP P127USDR P127PPPR P127IS P127VAL1 P127VAL2 P130 CURDATEY DEFAULT P130A P130USD P130PPP P130USDR P130PPPR P130IS P130VAL1 P130VAL2 P133 CURDATEY DEFAULT P133A P133USD P133PPP P133USDR P133PPPR P133IS P133VAL1 P133VAL2 P136 CURDATEY DEFAULT P136A P136USD P136PPP P136USDR P136PPPR P136IS P136VAL1 P136VAL2