Office of the Illinois Attorney General High-Tech Crime Bureau Internet Safety Specialist Melissa Hemzacek, LSW

Transcription

1 Office of the Illinois Attorney General High-Tech Crime Bureau Internet Safety Specialist Melissa Hemzacek, LSW

2 I know all my online friends. What I post online is private. I can delete what I post. Freedom of Speech allows me to express myself online without consequence. Intent can be misunderstood online. Bullying is a normal part of a school s environment.

3 Digital Citizen someone who is able to think critically about the ethical opportunities and challenges of the digital world and make safe, respectful, and responsible choices (Common Sense Media, 2010) Who R U Exploitation Cyberbullying Sexting Piracy P Content

4 Factors Social Emotional Cognitive Physical Prefrontal Cortex Final area to develop Rely on emotional centers Difficult to think long-term

5 In contrast, 53% teens who witness online cruelty have sought advice about how to handle it from friends or peers and only 36% sought advice from parents Family 58% of teen internet and cell phone users say their parents are the biggest influence on them about what they think is appropriate and inappropriate Community Child Friends Teachers 18% said their friends were the biggest influence

6 What technology are students using? Are they allowed to use in room, den, etc? How long are they on technology? Are you checking, friending, following? What apps are they using and games are they playing? Who are they interacting with? What are they sharing, posting, downloading, uploading?

7 Downloading programs without permission (boys) Viewing/downloading inappropriate material Communicating with strangers (girls) Posting personal information or photos Sharing passwords with friends (girls) Sharing password: 47% of online girls vs. 27% boys Sharing secrets online online journal vs paper/pencil Acting rude or mean online Harassing or posting embarrassing information Use of credit card without permission Hiding online behaviors (teens) Pieters, A., & Krupin, C. (2010). Youth Online Behavior Study. Harris Interactive. Retrieved from htpp://safekids.com/mcafee_harris.pd Lenhart A., Madden, M., Purcell K., Rainie, L., Smith, A. & Zickuhr, K. (2011). Teens, Kindness and Cruelty on Social Network Sites, Pew Internet & American Life Project.

8 FOSI & Hart Research Associates. (2013). Teen Identity Theft: Fraud, Security, and Steps Teens are Taking to Protect Themselves Online. Teens report concern with someone stealing information they ve posted online, although most are not fearful of their own identity being stolen. 34% of teens have shared their usernames and passwords with someone other than their parent/guardian 43% of teens use privacy settings for only SOME or NONE of their online accounts

9 60% have their FB profiles set to private, yet 64% leave their Tweets open to the public Over 90% of all teens share/use their real name (slightly less for year olds) About 90% post/share pictures of themselves About 1 out of 4 (25%) post/share videos of themselves on their favorite site About 80% use their birthdates Close to 70% post/share where they live (city/town) 76% of year olds use their school name (56% of year olds) Less than 25% give out their cell phone numbers

10 Lenhart A., Madden, M., Purcell K., Rainie, L., Smith, A. & Zickuhr, K. (2011). Teens, Kindness and Cruelty on Social Network Sites, Pew Internet & American Life Project. FOSI & Hart Research Associates. (2012). The Online Generation Gap: contrasting attitudes and behaviors of parents and teens. 87% of parents of teens ARE online 67% of these parents use Social Networking Sites 91% of parents of teens HAVE cell phones 86% of these parents text 80% of parents who use social media, and also have a child who uses social media, have friended their child 91% of parents say they are well informed about what their teens do online and on their cell phones 94% of parents of online teens say they have talked with their teen about what they should and should not share online what does this conversation look like? 84% of parents state they monitor their child s online activity very (31%) or fairly (53%) closely

11 FOSI & Hart Research Associates. (2012). The Online Generation Gap: contrasting attitudes and behaviors of parents and teens. Pieters, A., & Krupin, C. (2010). Youth Online Behavior Study. Harris Interactive. Retrieved from htpp://safekids.com/mcafee_harris.pdf. Common Sense Media. (2012). Social Media, Social Life: How Teens View Their Digital Lives. Retrieved from: 31% (of teens) would change their online behavior if they knew parents were watching 58% say parents don t regularly ask them what they do online 21% wish parents spent less time on digital media 41% describe themselves as addicted to their phones 43% wish they could unplug 36% wish they could go back to a time before Facebook Only 21% of teens say their parents are very well informed about their online behavior 39% of teens say their parents monitor their online activity very or somewhat closely

12 Develop household rules for usage and time limits Determine appropriate age to introduce into child's life Review definition of private information with child Understand and enforce terms of service agreements Gain understanding of digital devices prior to access Review applications/websites before use Emphasize protection and use of passwords (friendships & intimate relationships) Model healthy boundaries with digital media (dining/driving) Create safe space without digital media Reinforce the need for empathy when using technology Maintain ongoing open communication and education

13 Bernstein, N. (2001). How to Keep your Teenager out of Trouble and What to do if You Can't. Workman Publishing Company. Werner, N. (2008, March). Children's Internet Use and Cyber Bullying. Pullman, WA: Washington State University. Behavior Expectations Set limits Be reasonable Negotiate Communicate Internet Behavior Expectations Parents who employed few rules Increased levels of anxiety and depression Parents who employed rules Increased pro-social behavior

14 Is my online content Hurtful Rude Dangerous or Harmful? Would I want a parent, guardian, grandparent or trusted adult to see my online content? Would I want someone to treat me this way? What are the consequences of what I post? (short and long term) What is the difference between writing secrets in a diary versus online? What s my digital story? What reputation am I building for myself? How will online content affect my future.. Education Employment Military or Relationships? What are my responsibilities as a digital citizen to keep the digital world safe and violent free? What is my responsibility if I see violence? How do I know this person.. Family Friend Acquaintance - Stranger? How do the qualities of my real life friends compare to those of my online friends?

15 Most parents report having a safety conversations with their children regarding online safety and limitations to their use. 93% set rules and limits to monitor children s Internet usage and 75% for amount of time children can spend in a given day 60% of parents NOT using parental controls say they are not necessary because they have rules/limits already in place Over 60% of parents whose child has a cell/smartphone or FB account have checked their phones or FB account. 59% of parents whose child has a cell/smartphone set time limits or rules for phone use, but only 25% have set up parental controls 53% of parents have used parental controls for Internet use Mobile Devices tend to pose the greatest challenges to parents when it comes to parental control use. FOSI & Hart Research Associates. (2011). Using Parental Controls? You re Not Alone.

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18 97% of teens (12-17) play computer, web, portable, or console games Gaming is often a social experience, of the 27% of teens who play via internet: 47% play players known offline 27% play people they first met online 23% play with friends & family from offline and online Games genres and ratings vary by age and gender Average rating of games is Teen 50% of boys play a game that is rated Mature or Adult Only Lenhart A., Kahne J., Middaugh E., Macgill A., Evans C., & Vitak, J. (2008). Teens, Video Games, and Civics. Pew Internet & American Life Project.

19 Teens sharing more information: 2011 vs 2006 (photo of self, school name, city they live, address, cell phone number) 24% of teens now on Twitter (16% in 2011) Median teen has 300 Facebook friends, 79 followers on Twitter 60% of teen Facebook users keep their profile private 74% of teens have deleted people from their network or friends list Not concerned with third party access to their information Madden, M., Lenhart A., Cortesi, S., Gasser, U., Duggan, M., Smith, A., Beaton, M. (2013). Teens, Social Media, and Privacy. Pew Internet & American Life Project.

20 65% say they visit social networking sites several times a day (compared to 27% of teens with 150 friends or less) More likely to have a Twitter and Instagram account also Less likely to be friends with their parents or guardians More likely to friend people they ve never met in person More likely to include their phone number, picture of self, school name on their profile Madden, Lenhart, Cortesi, Gasser, Duggan, Smith, Beaton. (2013). Teens, Social Media, and Privacy. Pew Internet & American Life Project.

21 Social Networking - Teens Social Networks & Games Video Chat Downloads for Files

22 Ability to choose to leave page open to the public or set page to private Can be searched by name, age, location, etc Post text, pictures, share others posts 36% of year olds friend people they have never met in person 25% of year olds would do the same Madden, Lenhart, Cortesi, Gasser, Duggan, Smith, Beaton. (2013). Teens, Social Media, and Privacy. Pew Internet & American Life Project. Has private message feature Ability to check-in

23 Platform for enhancing photos and sharing across social media 13+ Age Rating Photos are public by default Confirm geo-tagging is off Launched by Facebook Now has Instagram Direct feature

24 64% of teens using Twitter say their Tweets are public. Although teens on Twitter also tend to have less followers than on other sites. Madden, Lenhart, Cortesi, Gasser, Duggan, Smith, Beaton. (2013). Teens, Social Media, and Privacy. Pew Internet & American Life Project. Microblogging social networking site Users can post brief 140 character tweets Tweets are public by default Ability to individually approve followers IF you keep tweets private Ability to add location

25 Video creation app where all videos are 6 seconds or less (launched by Twitter) Age Rating: 17+ Ability to limit followers, but followers could share your information with strangers Post own videos or revine by posting/sharing others videos

26 Messaging app for exchanging usergenerated photos Images last 1 to 10 seconds Age Rating: 13+ Ability to import friends SnapKidz for under 13 users

27 App based messaging Age Rating: 17+ Does not have messaging fees Kik available on all devices

28 Ability to ask other users questions (with anonymity) Age Rating: 13+

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30 Relationship of Abuser to Child 1 Parent/Guardian 10% 27% 7% 3% 14% 15% 18% 3% 3% Other Relative Neighbor/Family Friend Babysitter/Coach Guardian's Partner Online Enticement Self-produced Human Trafficker Unknown to Child Abuser data based upon victim information submitted to NCMEC by law enforcement, as of December 31, The data represent the known relationships from 2,836 series (4,103 identified victims). 2. Online Enticement includes either (1) victims who met a perpetrator online and transmitted self-produced images or (2) victims and offenders who met online and then met offline, producing images. 3. Self-produced includes those victims who have produced and distributed images of themselves. 4. Human Trafficker includes victims of commercial trafficking. 5. Unknown to Child includes un-established relationships, i.e. photographers, child sex tourism, runaways, etc. National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, January 1, 2011.

31 Understand that children are at a greater risk from someone they know Learn about everyone your child encounters Discuss online and offline relationships with your child what relationships are appropriate Review Illinois Sex Offender Information: Report child sexual abuse (IL DCFS): (800)25-ABUSE or Report child pornography (IL OAG): illinoisicactip@atg.state.il.us reportchildporn@atg.state.il.us

32 Predators seek youths vulnerable to seduction, including those: with histories of sexual or physical abuse who post sexually provocative photos/video who talk about sex with unknown people online Wolak, J., Finkelhor D., Mitchell, & K. Ybarr, M. (2008, February-March). Online "Predators" and Their Victims: Myths, Realities and Implications for Prevention and Treatment. American Psychologist, pp

33 Sexual Solicitation & Approaches 1 in 7 youth received online requests to talk about sex, answer personal questions about sex or do something sexual (occasionally by other youth) Aggressive Sexual Solicitation 4% of youth asked to meet in person 4% of youth asked to take sexual pictures of themselves Unwanted Exposure to sexual material 34% of youth exposed Wolak, J. & Finkelhor, D. (2006). Online Victimization of Youth: Five Years Later. Alexandria, VA: National Center for Missing & Exploited Children. Wolak, Finkelhor, Mitchell. (2007). 1 in 7 Youth: The Statistics about Online Sexual Solicitations. Crimes against Children Research Center.

34 PROFILE CREATION Review Terms of Service Use of nickname Do not provide zip code Set profile settings to private Review profile image and others Review geo-location settings WHAT NOT TO SHARE First & last name Telephone numbers Street address Name of school Social security number Date of birth Itineraries Favorite locations Credit card information Images that identify you, your school, your location

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36 Instant crowd Anonymity Don t have to face reaction/emotion/hurt Invincible

37 Basis actual or perceived race, color, religion, sex, national origin, ancestry age, marital status, physical or mental disability, military status, sexual orientation, gender-related identity or expression, unfavorable discharge from military service, association with a person or group with one or more of the aforementioned actual or perceived characteristics, or any other distinguishing characteristic. Forms harassment, threats, intimidation, stalking, physical violence, sexual harassment, sexual violence, theft, public humiliation, destruction of property, or retaliation for asserting or alleging an act of bullying 105 ILCS 5/

38 One in five teens say they were bullied in the past year. The most common occurrence was in-person bullying. Fewer than one in ten teens report being bullied by phone, text, or online. Lenhart A., Madden, M., Purcell K., Rainie, L., Smith, A. & Zickuhr, K. (2011). Teens, Kindness and Cruelty on Social Network Sites, Pew Internet & American Life Project.

39 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Text Messaging Online Phone In Person (Older teens) Males Females Lenhart A., Madden, M., Purcell K., Rainie, L., Smith, A. & Zickuhr, K. (2011). Teens, Kindness and Cruelty on Social Network Sites, Pew Internet & American Life Project.

40 Establish rules offline or online, ability to inflict harm Make sure school has Internet Safety Educate your children Model appropriate technology usage Monitor your child s activities Use filtering and blocking software Look for warning signs Utilize an Internet/ Cell Phone Use Contract Cultivate and maintain open, candid communication Teach and reinforce positive morals and values Hinduja, S. & Patchin J.W. (2012). Preventing Cyberbullying Top Ten Tips for Parents Retrieved from

41 VICTIM Stops using computer/cell Nervous w/ or text Angry, depressed, frustrated Avoids discussions about the computer Abnormally withdrawn Decline in grades Ditching classes Avoids activities BULLY Switches screens Always uses the computer Gets upset when he/she cannot use the computer Laughing a lot while using the computer Avoids discussions about the computer Has multiple accounts Refuses to show screen Falling out with friends Hinduja, S. & Patchin J.W. (2005). Research summary: Cyberbullying victimization. Retrieved from

42 Provide support to child Run Internet searches on screen names Print out all incidents of cyberbullying Electronic evidence must be preserved Stop Block Tell -> Parent -Teacher - Law Enforcement Model Appropriate response to conflict -Assertive/Aggressive Model Tolerance

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44 Common Sense Media. (2012). Social Media, Social Life: How Teens View Their Digital Lives. Retrieved from: 31% of social media users say they ve flirted with someone online that they wouldn t have flirted with in person Posting pictures online takes an emotional toll Will someone tag them in an unattractive photos? How do they look in photos? Will someone comment on or like the photos they post? Should they edit photos before posting?

45 EXPERIMENTAL Romantic Within an established relationship Sexual Attention Seeking Create romantic interest Other Attention-seeking AGGRAVATED Intent to Harm Extortion, threats No consent in creation/sending Reckless Misuse Malicious conduct Wolak, J. & Finkelhor, D. (2011). Sexting: A Typology, University of New Hampshire, Crimes Against Children Research Center.

46 9.6% of teens reported creating nude or nearly nude images or receiving such images 2.5% created or appeared in photos 1.8 % created image themselves 0.3 % someone else created 0.4 % created for someone else Girls > Boys 7.1% received them but did not create/appear Mitchell, K., Finkelhor, D., Jones, Lisa, & Wolak, J. (2012, January). Prevalence and Characteristics of Youth Sexting: A National Study. PEDIATRICS.

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48 Downloading files without paying the producermusic, games, movies Using File-Sharing Networks Sharing your files for free or a fee to you Downloading files others shared for free or a fee to them Burning CDs or DVDs for others (even if you paid for them)

49 Sharing files online movies, music, games, software through a network of computers running the same program has gained popularity among teens Additional Risks Download disturbing content Computer viruses

50 was the bully/cyberbully? took inappropriate pictures/videos of themselves? Received from a friend? Received from a stranger/adult? was pirating music/movies/etc? created SNS accounts when they are underage? Lied about their age online? Or created a fake account? Was chatting with someone they met online?

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53 Netsmartz411.org Commonsensemedia.org Bewebsmart.com Ikeepsafe.org Cyberbullying.us

54 Melissa Hemzacek, LSW