Spectrum Management Tools and Techniques Trial for an outlook to the next decade

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1 Spectrum Management Tools and Techniques Trial for an outlook to the next decade Cédric Gonzalez LS telcom SS, France ITU-D Regional Development Forum for the frica Region on Modern Spectrum Management and transition from nalogue to Digital Broadcasting - Trends and Technologies Banjul, July 2010 genda Challenges head Possible Cure's Flexible Licensing: Need for Smart Monitoring Systems Exempt, Temporary and Micro Cell Licensing: Need for Self Managing Devices & Band Databases Improved Spectrum Management Systems Summary 2010 LS telcom G Spectrum Management in a changing environment Page 2 1

July 2010 genda Challenges head Possible Cure's Flexible Licensing: Need for Smart Monitoring Systems Exempt, Temporary and Micro Cell Licensing: Need

2 Challenges head Rising Spectrum Demand 2010 LS telcom G Spectrum Management in a changing environment Page 3 Challenges (1/4) Modified user demands and habits Open Broadband access everywhere, Fixed, Nomadic and Mobile High Definition TV Still rising mobile communication demand Event Communication increases rapidly New Services coming up 2010 LS telcom G Spectrum Management in a changing environment Page 4 2

Nomadic and Mobile High Definition TV Still rising mobile communication demand Event Communication

3 Challenges (2/4) Other requirements Non Civilian Usage increases: - Remote control of robots and vehicles - Video surveillance - Tactical Communication Health issues Carbon Balance We need smart methods to manage and use our Spectrum more efficiently! 2010 LS telcom G Spectrum Management in a changing environment Page 5 Challenges (3/4) Spectrum Consumption per Service 2010 LS telcom G Spectrum Management in a changing environment Page 6 3

4 Challenges (4/4) Where is Spectrum consumed? Band usage in UK. Source: Ofcom 2010 LS telcom G Spectrum Management in a changing environment Page 7 Possible Cure: Flexible Licensing 2010 LS telcom G Spectrum Management in a changing environment Page 8 4

changing environment Page 7 Possible Cure: Flexible Licensing

5 Flexible Licensing (1/3) Technology and Service Neutral Licenses Frequencies and whole Spectrum shall be granted for arbitrary technology as long as band masks are obeyed Method to overcome technology blocking of granted licenses Problem is to keep the definitions general - Encouraging change of technology - voiding interference in adjacent bands and regions Better nalysis and Measurement coverage may be required Inter-Service Co-Ordination may be complex 2010 LS telcom G Spectrum Management in a changing environment Page 9 Flexible Licensing (2/3) Technology Neutral Licenses: Band masks Frequency Separation from the Center Frequency in Percent of Carrier Width ttenuation in dbc LS telcom G Spectrum Management in a changing environment Page 10 5

Measurement coverage may be required Inter-Service Co-Ordination may be complex 2010 LS telcom G Spectrum Management in a changing environment Page 9 Flexible Licensing (2/3) Technology Neutral

6 Flexible Licensing (3/3) Spectrum trading and secondary usage Re-Sale of granted frequency space will be widely in place llowing Re-Use of assigned Spectrum when business models do not pay out or demand is gone Very different models in place and under discussion - Simple trade of complete frequency or spectrum block - Sub-Use of residual Spectrum (not for high availability services) - Time Slot defined use To ensure Quality of service, the monitoring needs to be improved! 2010 LS telcom G Spectrum Management in a changing environment Page 11 Needed Support: Smart Monitoring Devices allowing Interactive Frequency ssignment 2010 LS telcom G Spectrum Management in a changing environment Page 12 6

Spectrum (not for high availability services) - Time Slot defined use To ensure Quality of service, the monitoring needs to be improved!

7 Smart Monitoring (1/3) Distributed Spectrum Monitoring Systems Small, IP based units with Omni, Directed or DF ntennas Units are usually programmable, often based on an embedded Windows or Linux System Reduces the effort of mobile campaigns and is permanently available Costs usually substantially lower than for standard equipment Provides permanent sensing capabilities with a narrow mesh Measurement Location TX Location Classic Scenario Meshed Scenario 2010 LS telcom G Spectrum Management in a changing environment Page 13 Smart Monitoring (2/3) Distributed Spectrum Monitoring Systems: Examples gilent N6841 Thales TRC 6200 CRFS RFeye R&S UMS LS telcom G Spectrum Management in a changing environment Page 14 7

capabilities with a narrow mesh Measurement Location TX Location Classic Scenario Meshed Scenario 2010 LS telcom G Spectrum Management in a changing environment Page 13 Smart

8 Smart Monitoring (3/3) Time Difference on rrival Location without directive antennas Very efficient in Cities Needs at least 3-4 stations for successful location analysis t1 t1+delta t Measurement Location TX Location Trigger Event Delta t Trigger Event Trigger Time to Trigger Time to 2010 LS telcom G Spectrum Management in a changing environment Page 15 Possible Cure: Exempt, Temporary and Micro Cell Licensing 2010 LS telcom G Spectrum Management in a changing environment Page 16 8

Trigger Event Trigger Time to Trigger Time to 2010 LS telcom G Spectrum Management in a changing environment Page 15

9 Possible Cure: Microcell Licensing Elimination of Neighbourhood Problems Sharing Efficiency Rs= 1 km Rs= 5 km Rs= 10 km Rs= 20 km Rs= 50 km Size of License rea in 1000 km² PMP NLOS Cellular Mobile Digital PMR Digital TV nalogue TV Micro cell structures are more spectrum efficient 2010 LS telcom G Spectrum Management in a changing environment Page 17 Possible Cure: Modified Band Packing Filling in add on services in free time or free locations One Service Multiple Services One Operator Multiple Operators B C D E F H I G B C D E B This method requires Self Managing Devices or a Real Time Manager! 2010 LS telcom G Spectrum Management in a changing environment Page 18 9

1 1 10 100 1000 Size of License rea in 1000 km² PMP NLOS Cellular Mobile Digital PMR Digital TV nalogue TV Micro cell structures are more spectrum efficient 2010 LS telcom G Spectrum

10 Needed Support: Self Managing Devices allowing Fully utomated Frequency ssignment 2010 LS telcom G Spectrum Management in a changing environment Page 19 Self Managing Devices (1/2) Cognitive-Software Defined Radios (CR) according FCC: Frequency gility Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) daptive Modulation Transmit Power Control (TPC) Location wareness Frequency Control Channel Device 1 Device 2 Negotiated Use Device 4 Device 3 Device 5 Device 6 Time 2010 LS telcom G Spectrum Management in a changing environment Page 20 10

Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) daptive Modulation Transmit Power Control (TPC) Location wareness Frequency Control Channel

11 Self Managing Devices (2/2) Cognitive-Software Defined Radios (CR): Defined distribution rules Soft-regulator Control channel Defined Protocol 2010 LS telcom G Spectrum Management in a changing environment Page 21 Needed Support: Band Databases allowing Real Time Frequency ssignment 2010 LS telcom G Spectrum Management in a changing environment Page 22 11

Management in a changing environment Page 21 Needed Support: Band Databases allowing Real

12 Band Databases (1/2) White-Space databases Where are which frequencies and which services when in use Is the frequency open for secondary usage Is use negotiable? t which costs and restrictions? White-Space in Time Time Local White- Space mplitude Frequency Frequency White-Space 2010 LS telcom G Spectrum Management in a changing environment Page 23 Band Databases (2/2) White Space Database Set-Up for TVBD FCC 2010 LS telcom G Spectrum Management in a changing environment Page 24 12

White-Space in Time Time Local White- Space mplitude Frequency Frequency White-Space 2010 LS telcom G Spectrum Management

13 Possible Cure: Improved Spectrum Management Systems 2010 LS telcom G Spectrum Management in a changing environment Page 25 Improved SMS: WEB serviced tools Service Oriented rchitecture allows smarter interactions utomated Processes can be realized much easier WEB pp. Service nalysis DB pp. General EMC 2010 LS telcom G Spectrum Management in a changing environment Page 26 13

allows smarter interactions utomated Processes can be realized much easier WEB pp.

14 Improved SMS: Fully automated processes New pplication Data Entry Print pplication Receipt ddress Data Status Data External CRM System Departments Technical nalysis Spectrum Monitoring Load Channel rrangement Monitoring Order Measurment Result External Monitoring System Licensee Licensing Technical Business Process Engine Frequency ssignment Interference nalysis Licensing Process National Coordination International New Coordination pplication Wizards Departments Monitoring Finance ITU Notification Technical nalysis Complete Calculate Fee Print Proposal Issue License Invoice Data Paid External Finance System 2010 LS telcom G Spectrum Management in a changing environment Page 27 Improved SMS: WEB serviced networks Networked systems improve speed and quality White Space database Monitoring sensor ITU Databases ITU Calc. Services Regulator SMS Regulator Users Monitoring sensor Regional Databases Military Regulator Cognitive Radio Monitoring sensor Private Calc. Service Regulator Stakeholder 2010 LS telcom G Spectrum Management in a changing environment Page 28 14

Coordination International New Coordination pplication Wizards Departments Monitoring Finance ITU Notification Technical nalysis Complete Calculate Fee Print Proposal Issue License Invoice Data Paid

15 Summary 2010 LS telcom G Spectrum Management in a changing environment Page 29 Summary There will be significant changes in Policy and Technology Licensing will face Technology neutrality Spectrum Trading Secondary/White Space usage Cognitive Radio is under way but will unfold its significance not before the mid of the next decade due to price and availability Monitoring will become a more important role in frequency assignment White Space Databases will speed up frequency assignment Future SMS Software might look different: More involved entities Usage of Web services will better link the world Interactive licensing will become a common mean 2010 LS telcom G Spectrum Management in a changing environment Page 30 15

availability Monitoring will become a more important role in frequency assignment White Space Databases will speed up frequency assignment Future SMS Software might look different:

16 Thank You for your attention! ny Questions? 2010 LS telcom G Spectrum Management in a changing environment Page 31 16

CHAPTER 1 1 INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Wireless Networks Background 1.1.1 Evolution of Wireless Networks Figure 1.1 shows a general view of the evolution of wireless networks. It is well known that the first successful