COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION FOR VARIOUS MATERIALS AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES
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1 COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION FOR VARIOUS MATERIALS AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES Technical Report TR-18 (Rev. F) Pauling Foothill Ranch, CA Tel (949) Fax (949) Spinozastraat HD Amsterdam The Netherlands Tel Fax info@balseal.nl
2 TR-18 ( ) Page 2 of 2 CONTENTS 1.0 Purpose 2.0 Scope 3.0 Definitions 4.0 Charts 5.0 Reference It is essential that the customer run evaluation testing under actual service conditions with a sufficient safety factor to determine if the proposed, supplied, or purchased, Bal Seal Engineering products are suitable for the intended purpose and to confirm expected results. Bal Seal Engineering makes no warranty, express or implied, regarding Bal Seal Engineering products or of the information contained herein, including but not limited to, warranties of merchantability, performance, and fitness for a particular use or purpose. Bal Seal Engineering shall not be liable for any loss or damage of any kind or nature that may result from the use of, reference to, or reliance on, the information contained herein, including, but not limited to, consequential, special (including loss of profits) direct, indirect, incidental, or similar damages, even if Bal Seal Engineering has been advised of the possibility of such damages.(le Rev.Ø) TR-18 rev A 6/25/2004 RR )
3 Page 3 of Purpose The purpose of this Technical Report is to show the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) for various metallic and non-metallic materials used in springs and seals made by Bal Seal Engineering Co. 2.0 Scope The coefficient of thermal expansion is used to determine the rate at which a material expands as a function of temperature. CTE is used for design purposes to determine if failure by thermal stress may occur. Understanding the relative expansion/contraction characteristics of materials is important for application success. The CTE values are of considerable interest to design engineers. Plastics tend to expand and contract anywhere from six to nine times more than metals. The thermal expansion difference develops internal stresses and stress concentrations in the polymer, which allows premature failure to occur. 3.0 Definition The coefficient of thermal expansion is defined as the change in length or volume of a material for a unit change in temperature. The overall coefficient is the linear thermal expansion (in.) per degree Fahrenheit or Celsius. The CTE data is calculated by the change in length divided by the quantity of the length at room temperature, multiplied by the change of temperature.
4 Page 4 of Charts 4.1 Chart 1 Metals inch / inch / deg F (mm / mm / deg C) STEELS 32 to 600 F (0 to 316 C) 32 to 400 F (0 to 205 C) 32 to 200 F (0 to 93 C) 32 to -100 F (0 to -73 C 303 SS 9.9 x 10-6 (17.8 x 10-6 ) 9.6 x 10-6 (17.3 x 10-6 ) 9.3 x 10-6 (16.7 x 10-6 ) 304 SS 9.4 x 10-6 (16.9 x 10-6 ) 9.2 x 10-6 (16.6 x 10-6 ) 8.8 x 10-6 (15.8 x 10-6 ) 8.2 x 10-6 (14.8 x 10-6 ) 347 SS 9.5 x x 10-6 ) 9.4 x 10-6 (16.9 x 10-6 ) 9.3 x 10-6 (16.7 x 10-6 ) 8.5 x 10-6 (15.3 x 10-6 ) 410 SS 5.6 x 10-6 (10.1 x 10-6 ) 5.5 x 10-6 (9.9 x 10-6 ) 416 SS 5.6 x 10-6 (10.1 x 10-6 ) 5.5 x 10-6 (9.9 x 10-6 ) 440 SS 5.9 x 10-6 (10.6 x 10-6 ) 5.6 x 10-6 (10.1 x 10-6 ) 5.6 x 10-6 (10.1 x 10-6 ) 13-8 PH SS 5.8 x 10-6 (10.4 x 10-6 ) 15-5 PH SS 6.0 x 10-6 (10.8 x 10-6 ) 6.0 x 10-6 (10.8 x 10-6 ) 5.8 x 10-6 (10.4 x 10-6 ) 17-4 PH SS Condition A 17-4 PH SS Condition H PH SS Condition A 17-7 PH Condition H x 10-6 (11.2 x 10-6 ) 6.0 x 10-6 (10.8 x 10-6 ) 6.0 x10-6 (10.8 x 10-6 ) 6.3 x 10-6 (11.3 x 10-6 ) 6.1 x 10-6 (11.0 x 10-6 ) 6.0 x 10-6 (10.8 x 10-6 ) 9.5 x 10-6 (17.1 x 10-6 ) 9.0 x 10-6 (16.2 x 10-6 ) 8.5 x 10-6 (15.3 x 10-6 ) 6.4 x 10-6 (11.5 x 10-6 ) 6.3 x 10-6 (11.3 x 10-6 ) 6.1 x 10-6 (11.0 x 10-6 ) A286 SS 9.8 x 10-6 (17.6 x 10-6 ) 9.4 x 10-6 (16.9 x 10-6 ) 9.2 x 10-6 (16.6 x 10-6 ) 1020 CRS 7.0 x 10-6 (12.6 x 10-6 ) 7.0 x 10-6 (12.6 x 10-6 ) 7.0 x 10-6 (12.6 x 10-6 ) 4140 High Alloy Steel 4340 High Alloy Steel 13.7 x 10-6 (24.7 x 10-6 ) 12.7 x 10-6 (22.9 x 10-6 ) 13.6 x 10-6 (24.5 x 10-6 ) 12.4 x 10-6 (22.3 x 10-6 ) H13 Tool Steel 11.5 x 10-6 (20.7 x 10-6 ) H11 Tool Steel 11.5 x 10-6 (20.7 x 10-6 ) Vasco T x 10-6 (10.1 x 10-6 ) Tungsten Carbide K x 10-6 (4.9 x 10-6 ) 2.2 x 10-6 (3.9 x 10-6 )
5 Page 5 of 5 ALUMINUM AND OTHER ALLOYS 68 to 392 F (20 to 202 C) 68 to 212 F (20 to 100 C) 68 to -58 F (20 to -50 C) 68 to -238 F (20 to -150 C) x 10-6 (22.5 x 10-6 ) 11.9 x 10-6 (21.4 x 10-6 ) 11.0 x 10-6 (19.8 x 10-6 ) x x 10-6 ) 12.5 x 10-6 (22.5 x 10-6 ) 12.0 x 10-6 (21.6 x 10-6 ) 10.9 x x 10-6 ) x 10-6 (23.8 x 10-6 ) 12.6 x 10-6 (22.7 x 10-6 ) 11.9 x 10-6 (21.4 x 10-6 ) 10.8 x 10-6 (19.4 x 10-6 ) x 10-6 (24.3 x 10-6 ) 13.0 x 10-6 (23.4 x 10-6 ) 12.1 x 10-6 (21.8 x 10-6 ) x 10-6 (24.3 x 10-6 ) 12.9 x 10-6 (23.2 x 10-6 ) 12.1 x 10-6 (21.8 x 10-6 ) Magnesium 14.4 x 10-6 (25.9 x 10-6 ) Aluminum Si-Bronze 16.6 x 10-6 (29.9 x 10-6 ) 9.0 x 10-6 (16.2 x 10-6 ) 8.1 x 10-6 (14.6 x 10-6 ) Titanium 6AL-4V 5.0 x 10-6 (9.0 x 10-6 ) 4.8 x 10-6 (8.6 x 10-6 ) 1.3 x 10-6 (2.3 x 10-6 ) 4.2 Chart 2 Plastics and other non-metals inch / inch / deg F (mm / mm / deg C PTFE AND PTFE BAL SEAL COMPOSITIONS 77 to 572 F (25 to 300 C) 77 to 392 F (25 to 202 C) 77 to 212 F (25 to 100 C) 77 to -58 F (25 to -50 C) PTFE (plain) 79.6 x 10-6 (143.3 x 10-6) G (Graphite PTFE) 78.5 x 10-6 (141.3 x 10-6) GC (Graphite- Carbon PTFE) 76.2 x 10-6 (137.2 x 10-6) GFPA (Graphitefiber-reinforced 70.3 x 10-6 (126.7 x 10-6) PTFE) GL x 10-6 (132.2 x 10-6) SP-31 (Polymer- Filled PTFE) 77.2 x 10-6 (139.0 x 10-6) POLYMERS AND OTHER NON-METALLIC MATERIALS Halar 54.0 x 10-6 (97.2 x 10-6 ) 44.0 x 10-6 (79.2 x 10-6 ) Polyimide 78.0 x 10-6 (140.4 x 10-6 ) Tefzel 52.0 x 10-6 (93.6 x 10-6 ) Torlon Virgion Type x 10-6 (30.6 x 10-6 ) Torlon w/30% Graphite Type x 10-6 (10.1 x 10-6 ) Vespel SP-1 Virgin 30.0 x 10-6 (54.0 x 10-6 ) 25.0 x 10-6 (45.0 x 10-6 ) Vespel SP x 10-6 (41.4 x 10-6 ) 25.0 x 10-6 (45.0 x 10-6 ) Nylon 50.0 x 10-6 (90.0 x 10-6 ) Silicone Rubber x 10-6 (342.0 x 10-6 ) Mech. Carbons 1.2 to 2.5 x 10-6 (2.16 to 4.5 x 10-6 )
6 Page 6 of References 5.1 Conversion Factors: Degrees Fahrenheit = ( C x 1.8) +32 Degrees Rankine = Degrees Fahrenheit Degrees Centigrade = (F - 32)/1.8 Degrees Kelvin = Degrees Centigrade Bal Seal Report -RMS-41 Fluoropolymers, UHMW Polyethylene and Other Plastics as Seal Materials 5.3 LNP Engineering Plastics
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