13) In Piaget's theory, are psychological structures that organize experience. A) schemes B) accommodations C) assimilations D) equilibrations

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1 Review for Exam 2 1) When Roy first received a new toy, he played with it all the time. The longer he had it, the less he played with it. This change in Roy's behavior is an example of A) priming. B) habituation. C) differentiation. D) an orienting response. 2) You visit your mother and she wants to know what you have learned in school recently. Having just read the section on infant hearing in your textbook, what would you tell your mother you have learned? A) Infants' hearing is about the same as that of adults. B) Infants have better hearing than adults. C) Infants can hear, but not as well as adults. D) Infants are not able to hear at all. 3) When three-month-olds look at faces, they A) scan all parts of the face equally. B) focus on the hairline. C) focus on the exterior of the face, particularly the ears. D) focus on the interior of the face, especially the eyes and lips. 4) Which of the following is true of the cause and treatment of ADHD? A) Drug therapy alone is not very effective in treating hyperactivity. B) Academic and social skills are best treated with a combination of medication and other treatment. C) There is no evidence that heredity contributes to the incidence of ADHD. D) ADHD usually is caused by the child's diet. 5) In order to learn to do a triple jump in ice skating, Jennifer broke the triple jump into it's component parts!the take-off, the individual turns, and the landing!and practiced each of those individually. Jennifer was using to master a complex act. A) differentiation B) fine-motor skills C) locomotion D) integration 6) Hand preference A) does not become apparent until a child enters school. B) is apparent at birth. C) usually emerges sometime after the first birthday. D) first becomes apparent at about 6 months of age. 7) Infants who are younger than 6 months of age A) can discriminate only the sounds found in their native language. B) do not need to experience speech sounds in their environment to be able to discriminate them. C) must experience speech sounds in their environment to be able to discriminate them. D) cannot discriminate any speech sounds which explains why they can't talk. 8) The term semantics refers to A) the study of how people use language to communicate effectively. B) the sounds of a language. C) the study of words and their meanings. D) the structure of a language. 9) When young children are learning new words, they A) are more likely to learn an object's name when adults look at the object while saying its name B) do not use sentence cues. C) systematically consider all possible hypotheses about the connection between the word and the correct referent. D) require many presentations of the new word to learn the correct referent.

2 10) Berko's classic study in which she showed children a nonsense object labeled a "wug" and then presented the child with a picture of two of these objects to see how the child would supply the plural form of "wug" demonstrated that preschool A) children acquire a rule for using "un + verb" to reverse or stop the action of a verb. B) children do not use inflection. C) children's language is not based on rules. D) children's use of grammatical morphemes is based on rules. 11) Which of the following statements about language development is true? A) The period from birth to about age 12 years is critical for learning language. B) Foreign languages can be as easily mastered during adulthood as in childhood. C) All areas of the brain appear to be involved in language processing. D) Nonhumans can learn grammar as easily as humans if sufficient imitation and reinforcement is used. 12) When 4-year-olds talk to 2-year-olds, they A) use grammar that is too complex for 2-year-olds. B) tend to talk more to the 2-year-olds than they do to adults. C) talk the same as when they talk to peers or adults. D) use more attention-getting devices than when they talk to adults. 13) In Piaget's theory, are psychological structures that organize experience. A) schemes B) accommodations C) assimilations D) equilibrations 14) Primary, secondary, and tertiary circular reactions are characteristic of Piaget's stage of cognitive development. A) preoperational B) formal operational C) sensorimotor D) concrete operational 15) thought is rule-oriented and logical but limited to the tangible and real. A) Sensorimotor B) Concrete operational C) Preoperational D) Formal operational 16) According to Piaget, each stage of cognitive development involves consistent thought across different tasks. Recent research has found A) inconsistent performance across tasks only in formal operational adolescents. B) very consistent performance across tasks as Piaget would predict. C) very consistent performance across tasks only in concrete operational children. D) inconsistent performance across tasks contrary to Piaget's predictions. 17) Infants' naive theory of physics leads them to believe that A) objects cannot move through other objects. B) objects move along disconnected, discontinuous paths. C) gravity is not important so floating objects are not unusual. D) one object striking a second object does not affect the second object. 18) The concepts of scaffolding, private speech, and zone of proximal development are most closely associated with A) Vygotsky. B) neo-piagetian theories. C) Piaget. D) the theory of mind. 19) Information-processing theorists believe that developmental change occurs A) when mental structures are massively reorganized. B) in several different forms, rather than by a single mechanism. C) in a social context. D) as a result of equilibration. 20) When Rovee-Collier and her colleagues attached a ribbon from a mobile to 2- to 3-month-old infants'

3 legs so infants learned to kick to make the mobile move, they found that when they returned to the babies' homes several days later the babies A) would still kick to make the mobile move. B) had lost interest in the mobile. C) had forgotten that kicking made the mobile move. D) would cry when they saw the mobile. 21) Scripts of events A) make remembering a specific event more difficult. B) can distort a child's memory for an event. C) do not provide information about the sequence in which events occur. D) force children to remember every individual activity that is part of an event. 22) Research on the accuracy of children's testimonies found A) preschoolers rarely were misled by suggestive questioning. B) older preschoolers (5- and 6-year-olds) were more likely to be misled by suggestive questioning than younger preschoolers (3- and 4-year-olds). C) preschoolers were more likely to be misled when stereotypes and suggestive questioning were combined. D) preschoolers often spontaneously report events that did not happen. 23) Which of the following is a factor that contributes to improved reading comprehension with age? A) Working memory capacity decreases which makes identifying propositions more difficult. B) Younger readers are more likely to reread passages that they find confusing or difficult. C) Children's knowledge of their world increases so they understand more of what they read. D) Younger readers are better able to select a reading strategy that fits the material being read. 24) Infants are able to distinguish differences in quantity because A) adults tell them how many objects there are. B) their perceptual system is sensitive to quantity as a characteristic of stimuli. C) they are able to count objects. D) they understand the one-to-one principle. 25) The psychometric approach to intelligence A) suggests that many different intelligences exist. B) equates intelligence with the existence of exceptional talent. C) says that intelligent behavior always involves skillful adaptation to an environment. D) measures intelligence using standardized intelligence tests. 26) Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences is based on all of the following except A) research in child development. B) studies of exceptionally talented people. C) intelligence test scores. D) studies of brain-damaged persons. 27) Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence A) encourages cross-cultural comparisons of intelligence test scores. B) focuses on the specific contents of intelligence. C) is concerned with a general factor of intelligence. D) defines intelligence in terms of context, experience, and processes. 28) A "bright" 8-year-old might have a mental age of A) 4. B) 10. C) 8. D) 6. 29) Dynamic tests of intelligence A) measure what a child already knows. B) produce the same information as static tests of intelligence.

4 C) have been used for many years and have produced well-established results. D) measure a child's learning potential. 30) Which of the following requires convergent thinking? A) discussing what the world would be like if there were no longer any automobiles B) finding the sum of C) naming all the different ways you can think of to use a paper cup D) drawing as many pictures as you can, starting with two parallel lines

5 Answer Key 1) B 2) C 3) D 4) B 5) A 6) C 7) B 8) C 9) A 10) D 11) A 12) D 13) A 14) C 15) B 16) D 17) A 18) A 19) B 20) A 21) B 22) C 23) C 24) B 25) D 26) C 27) D 28) B 29) D 30) B