Las Vegas: Global Suburb?: Migration to and from an Emerging Immigrant Gateway

Transcription

1 The Brookings Institution Metropolitan Policy Program Audrey Singer, Immigration Fellow Las Vegas: Global Suburb?: Migration to and from an Emerging Immigrant Gateway Global Immigrant Gateways Workshop George Washington University January 12-13, 2006

2 It is important that we have a project on the West Coast, and where better than Las Vegas which is a destination, and Southern California where people can see it and ride it. It is expensive, but we can t continue the growth in the western part of the United States and still rely on just roads and air. --Rep. Don Young (R-Alaska), in support of a magnetic levitation train between Anaheim and Las Vegas

3 Look, I've had guys from a little farm in Puebla [Mexico] who were some of the best chefs I've ever seen. Phenomenal. Anything you taught them they could learn, and do. Stephen Kalt, Executive Chef, Corsa Cucina,Wynn Las Vegas

4 Why has Las Vegas grown so quickly? Las Vegas has become more like the rest of America just as the rest of America has become more like Las Vegas Neon, entertainment, gambling, sex! All bigger part of popular culture, normative American experience Las Vegas has become more like the rest of America: suburban growth, inner city decline, traffic congestion, sprawl, and more Spanish speakers

5 Why has Las Vegas grown so quickly? The Last Detroit: the most unionized city in the US and the service economy It s not California: recession in the early 1990s led to mass exodus out of California Las Vegas has a diversified economy: major transportation, inexpensive storage space, low operation costs Low cost of living, new housing, endless desert space

6 Las Vegas in Context Great Salt Lake Salt Lake City I80 San Francisco Lake Tahoe Sacramento Stockton San Jose Reno Carson City NEVADA UTAH I70 Lake Powell I5 Fresno North Las Vegas Las Vegas CALIFORNIA Henderson Bakersfield I15 Lake Mead Hoover Dam ARIZONA Oxnard Los Angeles Riverside I40 Salton Sea San Diego I10 I8 I17 Phoenix Tucson I19

7 Population Change in Las Vegas, Total Population, Metropolitan Las Vegas, ,563, , , , , % 76% 62% 83% 0 Source: Census Total population

8 Migration In and Out of Las Vegas Gross and net migration, Las Vegas In-migrants Out-migrants Net in-migrants Source: IRS

9 Migration In and Out of Las Vegas Migration Flows between Las Vegas and Los Angeles Source: IRS In-migrants Out-migrants Net in-migrants

10 Migration In and Out of Las Vegas Migration Flows between Las Vegas and Riverside-San Bernardino 6000 In-migrants Out-migrants Net in-migrants Source: IRS

11 Migration In and Out of Las Vegas Migration Flows between Las Vegas and Phoenix Source: IRS In-migrants Out-migrants Net in-migrants

12 Los Angeles Metropolitan area dominates inflow Sources of Gross In-migration to Las Vegas Metropolitan Area, Selected Years Metropolitan Area 1990 # % 1994 # % 2000 # % 2004 # % Los Angeles* 9, , , , Riverside-San Bernardino 2, , , , Chicago 1, , , , New York , , , San Diego 1, , , , Phoenix 4, , , , Reno 1, , , , Total In-migration 67,222 77,171 85,300 97,147 *includes Orange County Source: Internal Revenue Service

13 Increase in the Foreign-Born, Las Vegas, , , , , , ,000 50,000 35,062 74, % 248% Source: Census

14 The nation s primary Gateway States are shifting From Northeast and Southwest To Southeast and Mountain West

15 Contemporary trends in metropolitan immigrant settlement HIGHEST PERCENT FOREIGN-BORN, 2000 Miami, FL Jersey City, NJ Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA San Jose, CA New York, NY San Francisco, CA Orange County, CA McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX Laredo, TX Salinas, CA

16 Contemporary trends in metropolitan immigrant settlement PERCENT GREATEST GROWTH IN FOREIGN-BORN, (Among Metros with >1M total population) Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point, NC Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, NC Atlanta, GA Las Vegas, NV-AZ Nashville, TN Denver, CO Phoenix-Mesa, AZ Salt Lake City-Ogden, UT Austin-San Marcos, TX

17 Country of Birth, Las Vegas 2000 Philippines 10% El Salvador 4% Canada 3% Cuba 3% UK 2% Korea 2% Germany 2% Mexico 47% China 2% Vietnam 2% Other 23%

18 Where did you live 5 years ago (1995), Las Vegas residents, 2000 Same House Different House, US Abroad Native -Born 38 % 61 % 1% Foreign -Born 26 % 54 % 19%

19 Percentage of foreign-born who moved from abroad five years ago, selected metros, 2000 RESIDING IN Los Angeles Las Vegas New York Chicago Phoenix Dallas Detroit Pittsburgh Atlanta 23% 26% 33% 33% 36% 38% 38% 41% 42%

20 Among FB movers, where did you live 5 years ago? Korea Different house in US 78 Abroad 22 China Japan Guatemala Germany 93 7 Cuba Canada El Salvador Philippines Mexico METROPOLITAN 100 POLICY PROGRAM 120

21 Residential concentration outside the city limits

22 Change in the population without the foreign born Population Change in Selected Metropolitan Areas, Percent Change in Total Population Percent Change in Native-born Population Pittsburgh Chicago New York Los Angeles Atlanta Las Vegas Phoenix Source: Census

23 Las Vegas, Global Suburb? Migration system with the Southwestern region, including Mexico More affordable middle-class lifestyle, like the burbs used to be? Foreign-born population will continue to grow due to social networks