Engineering Problem Solving

Transcription

1 Engineering Problem Solving 1 Engineering in the 21st Century What is engineering about? According to Webster s 9th New Collegiate Dictionary,... the application of science and mathematics by which the properties of matter and sources of energy in nature are made useful to people in structures, machines, products, systems, and processes. Recent Achievements According to a 1989 National Academy of Engineering report, ten outstanding achievements are: The microprocessor development The moon landing and related space achievements Application satellites such as weather and communication satellites Computer-aided design/manufacturing (CAD/CAM) Jumbo jets (747, DC-10, L1011)) Advanced composite materials (aircraft, skis, golf clubs) Computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanning; generating 3-D images from X-rays taken at different angles Chapter 1: Engineering in the 21st Century 1 1

2 Genetic engineering Lasers (industrial, medical, communications) Optical fibers (long distance, very high capacity communications) The Future: Grand Challenges Fundamental problems identified by the Office of Science and Technology Policy in Washington, D.C. Prediction of weather, climate, and global change Computerized speech understanding Improvements in vehicle performance Enhanced oil and gas recovery The Engineering Environment What skills are important for engineers and how do they use them? Communication skills oral and written Design Process Manufacture Interdisciplinary teams World market place Analyzing Synthesizing Societal context Chapter 1: Engineering in the 21st Century 1 2

3 Computing Systems Hardware Organization Internal Memory External Memory Processor Input ALU CPU Output Software Interface User Application Software Operating System Hardware Chapter 1: Computing Systems 1 3

4 Software Tools Business productivity tools, e.g., Word processors Spreadsheet Presentation Database Engineering Specific, e.g., CAD; many types here Mathematical computation; MATLAB, MathCAD, Mathematica, Maple,... Programming/Software Development Assembly language High-level languages; C, C++, Fortran, Pascal, Basic, Java, COBOL, Ada,... High-Level Language Program Development High-Level Language Compile Bring In Libraries Link/ Load Object Code (Machine Lang.) Input Data Execute Program Output Chapter 1: Computing Systems 1 4

5 The software life cycle: Definition 3% Specification 15% Coding and modular testing 14% Integrated testing 8% Maintenance 60% MATLAB Program Development Command Line Inputs MATLAB Scripts *.m MATLAB Functions *.m Input Data Interpret Program Output Program development in MATLAB is fast and efficient Software prototypes; MATLAB is often a cost effective solution for building a prototype version of the final product An Engineering Problem Solving Methodology 1. State the problem clearly. 2. Describe the input and output information 3. Work the problem by hand or with a calculator for a simple data set. 4. Develop a MATLAB solution (at least for this course). Chapter 1: An Engineering Problem Solving Methodology 1 5

6 5. Test the solution on a variety of data. Example: Text pp This first text example involves taking a series of temperature data, taken every 30 seconds, for 5 minutes, and computing the average temperature, and then producing a plot of the temperature data sounds easy! 1. Problem Statement: acquire data, compute average, and plot data 2. Input/Output Description: Time Data Temp. Data Process Average Temp. Produce Plot or Temp. vs Time 3. Hand Example: Table 1.1: Temperature Data Time (min.) Temp. (F) Chapter 1: An Engineering Problem Solving Methodology 1 6

7 The average temperature is = MATLAB Solution: Many solution exist, here is one» % Compute the average of some temperature data» % Then plot the data in a MATLAB plot window» %» time = [0.0, 0.5, 1.0];» temps = [105, 126, 119];» average = sum(temps)/length(temps);» % average = mean(temps);» plot(time,temps)» title('temperature Measurements','fontsize',18)» xlabel('time in minutes')» ylabel('temperature in degrees F')» average average = (1.1) Screen Shot From MATLAB Chapter 1: An Engineering Problem Solving Methodology 1 7

8 Plot imported directly into a publishing tool (FrameMaker 5) Temperature Measurements Temperature in degrees F Time in minutes 5. Testing: Bring in other data sets and run MATLAB code against them to produce desired output results. Chapter 1: An Engineering Problem Solving Methodology 1 8