International Workshop on Crop Agrobiodiversity Monitoring, March 2015 Agropolis International Montpellier, France

Transcription

1 The Rainbow Route: Monitoring Long-Term in-situ Conservation of Potato Landraces in Diversity Hotspots in Southamerica Severin Polreich, Stef De Haan, Flor Rodriguez, Jorge Nuñez, Henry Juarez, Alejandra Arce, Franklin Plasencia, Raul Ccanto, Maria Scurrah, Domingo Begazo, Veronique Durroux International Workshop on Crop Agrobiodiversity Monitoring, March 2015 Agropolis International Montpellier, France

2 What is the Chirapaq Ñan Initiative? A network for the longterm monitoring of in-situ conserved potato genetic diversity in light of socioenvironmental change Monitoring at 5 levels: Total diversity Relative diversity Spatial diversity Threats to conservation Collective knowledge

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4 1. Total Diversity What is being monitored District level (hotspot) representative communities chosen. All landraces maintained by these communities planted in participatory characterization trials. Morphological and molecular characterization, ploidy determination, Photo documentation (cataloging) from plant, flower, tuber and sprouts. Agronomic data, properties and uses recorded. Morphology Molecular SSR (LICOR) Flower Sprout Plant Leaf Tuber Fingerprint Clustering Ploidy

5 Cataloging

6 Cataloging

7 1. Total diversity - Advances and Challenges Advances: Peru - Huancavelica ( ). Final stage. Peru - Apurimac (2013?-2016). 75%. Bolivia - La Paz ( ). 20%. Challenges: Biotic and abiotic: hail, frost and late blight. Coordinate and reconcile different perspectives among interdisciplinary partners. The concept of a long-term initiative is not the same as a project. Capacity building of collaborators. Immediate benefits for Farmers+communities

8 2. Relative Diversity Cultivar Sampling A random harvest of 200 plants per plot was evaluated to record the variety content of the field Several workshops were carried out to define a master list of local (vernacular) names and synonyms.

9 2. Relative diversity - What is monitored: abundance for long-term monitoring Example: Cerro de Pasco

10 3. Spatial Diversity Participatory Mapping Participatory mapping Analyze the actual status of diversity of potatoes at level of varieties, landscape and spatial dynamics. Selection of target communities and talk with community leaders and selection of farmers Training on GPS use, understanding maps, map drawing, survey taking. Carry out the participatory mapping + surveying (3-4 months)

11 3. Spatial diversity - What is being monitored: Vertical ranges - timelines Historical data sources: 1.Data from Cesar Vargas ( ), n=753 records 2.Data from CIP Germplasm Collections ( ), n=2,459 records 3.Data from the Participatory Mapping ( ), n=21,841 records Native-floury Native-bitter

12 3. Spatial diversity - What is being monitored: Vertical ranges - timelines Native-floury varieties have ascended 297 m in 50 years Native-bitter varieties have ascended 260 m in 50 years

13 2. Relative and 3. Spatial diversity - Advances and Challenges Advances: Peru - Huancavelica ( ). Finalized Peru - Apurimac (2013?-2016). Finalized Bolivia - La Paz ( ). 40%. Diversity is concentrated in tight belt ( masl), Diversity concentrations are moving upward, Replacement of specific cultivar types was not observed. Challenges: Synonyms establish 1 master list for a hotspot. Farmers distrust mapping of their fields tax related. Superstitions Yield loss when fields are entered before harvest date, meetings are not allowed during hail seasons (planning is difficult). No clear borders between communities. Method relatively expensive and time intensive, demands skilled personnel. Recommended replication interval > 5 years.

14 4. Factors of Change - Threats to Conservation - Mining Out of season frost Premnotrypes spp. Phytopthora infestans

15 4. Factors of Change - What is being monitored: Rotation design at plot level Community of Tupac Amaru, Huancavelica Native-bitter varieties Native-floury varieties Bred varieties Cereals Legumes Other Andean roots Pastures Forestry Fallow

16 4. Factors of Change - What is being monitored: Fallow Circuits Example: Chaccllabamba Alta (Qatun Tarpuy & Maway)

17 4. Factors of Change - Advances and Challenges Advances: Geo-spatial assessment: Peru - Huancavelica ( ). Baseline finalized with 8 year rotation cycles recorded. Peru - Apurimac (2013?-2016). Baseline finalized, with 8 year rotation cycles recorded. Bolivia - La Paz ( ). Baseline in 40%, rotation cycles not yet completed. Socio-cultural and environmental changes need to be interlinked with changing rotation cycles and fallowing periods. Challenges: Socio-cultural impact factor monitoring not yet structured. Development of repetitive assessments (e.g. Focus groups?) Indicators for incentives and disincentives need to be determined.

18 Objectives: 5. Collective Knowledge Las Papitas de mi comunidad Educational digital tool on native potatoes Capture knowledge around native potatoes Involve younger generations Disseminate information and methodology

19 How? 5. Collective Knowledge - An interdisciplinary approach: Work with 3 partnering NGO in 3 different Peruvian departments in Altiplano proximity with communities that cultivate native potatoes Involve schools in communities (primary and secondary levels) to capture information, feel ownership of project CIP provided recording equipment, scientific information What will the tool offer? Cultural information on native potatoes (myths, rites, cooking ) Scientific information on native potatoes (cultivation, varieties, pests and diseases) Interactive games to know more about native potatoes Methodology used for potential replication of experience with other crops Games on:

20 Concluding remarks Systematic long-term monitoring is anticipated to provide robust intelligence about landrace conservation status. Baseline research will allow for future time series comparison, genetic gap analysis and spatial distribution mapping. Model can be expanded to other crops and regions. A global network for systematic monitoring? Participation of custodian farmers, NGO s, governments and indigenous organizations is key. In-situ conservation = collaboration with custodian farmers to detect /develop new traits.

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