Country Sector Assessments UNDP GoAL WaSH Programme

Transcription

1 Country Sector Assessments UNDP GoAL WaSH Programme Governance, Advocacy and Leadership for Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Volume 2 Djibouti El Salvador Mongolia Nepal Tajikistan

2 UNDP Water Governance Programme Adaptive Water Governance UNDP s Water Governance Programme (UNDP-WGP) works in over 150 countries, providing policy support, capacity building and advisory services in three major strategic areas: The Water Governance Programme also integrates four cross cutting areas into its broader thematic work: Printing: Cover and Layout Design: Maps and Graphics: Technical Editing, Layout and Production Management: Editors: Photography:

3 The Global Water and Sanitation Crisis UNDP s Response UNDP Supports: The GoAL WaSH Programme

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5 UNDP GoAL WaSH Programme Governance, Advocacy and Leadership for Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Contents Djibouti 05 El Salvador 13 Mongolia 29 Nepal 43 Tajikistan 57 Acronyms 82

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7 UNDP GoAL WaSH Programme Governance, Advocacy and Leadership for Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Djibouti MDG Outlook Sector Preparedness Overview Sector Sustainability Overview Aid Coordination Sector Capacity

8 Djibouti 6 Is Djibouti on the Right Track to Reach Water and Sanitation MDGs? and definitions of service access that

9 Main Issues to be Addressed Institutional leadership and capacity: MDG road map: Djibouti 7 Budget constraints: Limited coordination among stakeholders: Monitoring systems remain weak and poorly implemented: Constraints on ONEAD:

10 Djibouti 8 National Strategies Key Measures Identified to Improve National Strategies: Aid Coordination

11 Key Measures to Improve Aid Co-ordination: Institutional Arrangements Djibouti 9 Key Measures to Improve Institutional Arrangements: Sector Financing

12 Djibouti 10 Key Measures to Improve Sector Financing: Sector Monitoring and Evaluation Key Measures to Improve Sector Monitoring and Evaluation:

13 Sector Capacity Key Measures to Improve Sector Capacity: Sector Sustainability Scores Djibouti 11 Key Measures to Improve Sector Sustainability:

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15 UNDP GoAL WaSH Programme Governance, Advocacy and Leadership for Water, Sanitation and Hygiene El Salvador MDG Outlook Sector Preparedness Overview Sector Sustainability Overview and Sector Coordination Sector Capacity

16 El Salvador 14 Is El Salvador on the Right Track to Reach Water and Sanitation MDGs? access are to achieve agencies in the sector, that despite good progress No Excuses We achieve the Millennium Development Goals by 2015.

17 Figure 1: Percentage of homes with access to an improved water source. El Slavador Target 2015: 81.6 % Target 2015: 71.6 % Percentage Years Access to an Improved Source Access to a Household Connection El Salvador 15 Description of the step W Rural S W Urban S Institutional leader identified Stakeholder consultation MDG action plan Resources mobilized Implementation on track to reach MDGs Not started In progress Completed

18 El Salvador 16 Source: RASES Proposal of investments in water and sanitation in El Salvador. Water Total % $ $ Sanitation Total $ $ 42.8 TOTAL INVESTMENT $ $ Main Issues to be Addressed I. Legal and regulatory framework reform: Creating and strengthening a governing body: Sectoral coordination among different actors in the sector: Sector coordination of the different actors

19 II. Sustainable management of water and sanitation services: Some measures in this regard include: WSS information: Capacity building for municipal and rural systems operators: Financial systems for sustainability of services: El Salvador 17 Sanitation, treatment and disposal of sewage and excreta water: Distinctive Achievements Solidarity Network Programme

20 Water Agenda El Salvador 18 Hydrogeological Map National Strategies

21 Measures to Improve National Strategies Institutional Arrangements and Sector Co-ordination Figure 2 El Salvador 19 Water and Sanitation Services Administered Water and Sanitation of WASH

22 El Salvador 20 support

23 Measures to Improve Institutional Arrangement and Reform Implementation Sector Financing El Salvador 21

24 El Salvador 22 Measures to Improve Sector Preparedness and Financing Not started

25 Table 3: Estimation of Investments in Water and Sanitation El Salvador (2008) Source: Red de Agua y Saneamiento de El Salvador (RASES). Estimation of Investments in Water and Sanitation El Salvador (2008) Population Censused (May-2008) 5,744,113 Total Investment $US millions. 5 Year Investment $US millions. Per Capita Cost El Salvador 23 TOTAL INVESTMENT ESTIMATE $ 1,948 m. $ m. ANNUAL INVESTMENT ESTIMATE (15 yrs.) $ m. $ m.

26 El Salvador 24 Sector Monitoring and Evaluation Measures Identified to Improve Monitoring of Sector Performance Not started Sector Capacity

27 Measures Identified to Improve Sector Capacity to Deliver the Sector Programme Sector scores are: Sector Sustainability Scores 4 Overall Sector Sustainability El Salvador 25 Key Issues to be Addressed for Improving Sustainability:

28 Sustainability of Rural and Small Towns Water Supply El Salvador 26 Key Issues to be Addressed for Improving Sustainability: Sustainability of Urban Water Supply Key Issues to be Addressed for Improving Sustainability: Sustainability of Rural and Small Towns Sanitation Key Issues to be Addressed for Improving Sustainability:

29 Sustainability of Urban Sanitation Key Issues to be Addressed for Improving Sustainability: Measures to Improve Sector Sustainability El Salvador 27

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31 UNDP GoAL WaSH Programme Governance, Advocacy and Leadership for Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Mongolia MDG Outlook Sector Preparedness Overview Sector Sustainability Overview Sector Coordination Sector Capacity

32 Mongolia 30 Is Mongolia on Track to Reach Water and Sanitation MDGs? aimags and soums soums are divided into bags horoos

33 Figure 1: Mongolia Drinking Water Ladder, Coverage (%) Urban Rural Total Figure 2: Mongolia Sanitation Ladder, Urban Rural Total Unimproved Source Other Improved Source Piped Into Premises Open Defecation Improved Drinking Water Source Unimproved Facilities Mongolia 31 Coverage (%) Shared Facilities Improved Facilities

34 Main Issues to be Addressed MDG achievement: Mongolia 32 Leadership and coordination: soum centres Financing: Putting decentralization into practice: aimag, soum and bag Town and small town WSS management: aimag and soum in most soum Sector monitoring: Regulatory control: Urban Ger population: ger

35 Rural WSS for nomadic population: Sanitation: ger Consumer voice: Public institutions: Skills and capacity: aimag and soum Private sector: Donor coordination: Appropriate technologies: Sector economics and prioritization: Mongolia 33 Inequity: soum ger Water resources scarcity vs. increasing demand:

36 Mongolia 34 Distinctive Achievements soums ger National Goals and Strategies soum ger

37 Current legislation and gaps Sector Coordination Key Measures to Improve Coordination: Clarify roles and responsibilities: ger Mongolia 35 Develop institutional inter-linkages: Develop mechanisms to handle inter-local governmental dialogue: Increase sector cross linkages:

38 Institutional Arrangements Mongolia 36 Table 1: Division of national responsibilities amongst Mongolian ministries Name of Institution Function and Responsibility aimag and soum centres ger resource management

39 soum aimag and soum Figure 3: Schematic responsibilities for RWSS development in Monglia Aimag Aimag Aimag Aimag and Soum At Soum Mongolia 37 Soum Aimag s

40 Table 2 Mongolia 38 Comments Academic institutions for WSS Governance WSS Sanitation improvement in Hygiene promotion and Hygiene promotion and recommendations for improving capacity aimags nd aimags aimag in ger soum centres

41 Key Measures to Improve Institutional Arrangements: ger areas and Strengthen aimag and soum Sector Financing khurals Mongolia 39 aimag and soums aimag soum Key Measures to Improve Sector Financing:

42 Mongolia 40 Sector Monitoring and Evaluation ger Key Measures to Improve Sector Monitoring and Evaluation: aimag and soum Sector Capacity soums soum aimag soum Key Measures to Improve Sector Capacity:

43 Sector Sustainability Scores Sector scores are: Key Measures to Improve Sector Sustainability: financing arrangements and give specific consideration for ger, aimagsoum and services for nomadic ger Mongolia 41

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45 UNDP GoAL WaSH Programme Governance, Advocacy and Leadership for Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Nepal MDG Outlook Sector Preparedness Overview Sector Sustainability Overview Aid Coordination Sector Capacity

46 Nepal 44 Is Nepal on the Right Track to Reach Water and Sanitation MDGs? these figures do not reflect the on the ground and is one of the poorest countries

47 Figure 1 Water Coverage Universal Access Target Additional Performance Required National Coverage (%) Figure 2 National Coverage (%) MDG Target Sanitation Coverage Universal Access Target MDG Target Additional Performance Required Nepal

48 Figure 3: Nepal Drinking Water Ladder, Urban Rural Total Unimproved Source Nepal 46 Coverage (%) Figure 4: Nepal Sanitation Ladder, Coverage (%) Urban Rural Total Other Improved Source Piped Into Premises Open Defecation Improved Drinking Water Source Unimproved Facilities Shared Facilities Improved Facilities Main Issues to be Addressed Institutional fragmentation and limited sector coordination:

49 Financing and financial resource constraints: Inadequate capacity in local authorities: No updated sector assessment and weak monitoring systems: Inadequate attention to water resource management and water quality: Socially excluded communities lack consumer voice: Nepal 47 Distinctive Achievements Implementing demand-driven policies

50 Nepal 48 Holding service providers accountable National Strategies Sector Coordination

51 Figure 5: Coordination Arrangement Sanitation Steering Committee Key Measures to Improve Co-ordination: WQ Steering Committee Institutional Arrangements Nepal 49

52 Nepal 50 The Leading UN Agencies Supporting the Sector Are:

53 Key Measures to Improve Institutional Arrangements: Figure 6: Insitutional Arrangement UEIP MWSP SWC Nepal 51 Sector Financing

54 Nepal 52 Figure 7: Water and Sanitation Financing Flows Community WSS services

55 Key Measures to Improve Sector Financing: Sector Monitoring and Evaluation Key Measures to Improve Sector Monitoring: Sector Capacity Nepal 53 Key Measures to Improve Sector Capacity:

56 Nepal 54 Sector Sustainability Scores Sector scores are: Key Measures to Improve Sector Sustainability:

57 Nepal 55

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59 UNDP GoAL WaSH Programme Governance, Advocacy and Leadership for Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Tajikistan MDG Outlook Sector Preparedness Overview Annexes Aid Coordination Sector Capacity

60 Tajikistan 58 Is Tajikistan on the Right Track to Reach Water and Sanitation MDGs? Rayselkomhozs Khukumats kolhozs sovhozs

61 vodokanals vodokanals rayons Tajikistan 59

62 Figure 1: Levels of access to piped drinking water and sanitation (2002) Source: National Report on Sustainable Development Tajikistan 60 Population (%) (%) Water Pipe Table 1: Share of population with access to drinking water (%) Source: Assessment reports on environmental problems in Central Asia, UNEP (2006) 23 (%) Sanitation Figure 2: Share of population with access to fresh drinking water (%) in 2003 Source: State Committee on Statistics (2003)

63 Figure 3: Water Use by Sector Source: Vital Water Graphics, UNEP, Nairobi (2002) Global water use by sectors km 3 Assessment Forecast Assessment Forecast Assessment Forecast Agriculture Withdrawl Consumption Waste Domestic Withdrawl Consumption Waste Industrial Withdrawl Consumption Figure 4: Provision of population with access to drinking water from the centralized sources of water supply (%) Source: Tajikistan Ministry of Health (2004) Waste Tajikistan Total in country City Village (rural)

64 Figure 5: Access to sources of drinking water by regions of Tajikistan (% of total population) Source: Estimated on basis of data from the Tajikistan government (2000), and UNICEF s multi-indicator cluster survey (MIKI, 2000) Tajikistan 62 Percentage (%) GBAO Sugd Region Khalton Region Districts Under Republican Subordin Dushanbe Safe Not Safe The Right to Water comprise every Rural Areas Deprived of Access to Safe Water and Sanitation: of infectious diseases MDG Needs Assessment of Tajikistan s Water Supply and Sanitation Sector National Development Strategy

65 Lack of Knowledge and Public Awareness: Weak Human Rights Support Structures: inter alia Tajikistan 63 inter alia Tajikistan Poverty Reduction Strategy paper for MDG Needs Assessment of Tajikistan s Water Supply and Sanitation Sector MDG Needs Assessment of Tajikistan s Water Supply and Sanitation Sector

66 Tajikistan 64 Little Tangible Improvement on the Ground: Legislative Framework

67 or Main Issues to be Addressed Institutional disintegration and limited coordination: Financial Difficulties: Tajikistan 65 Insufficient Capacity of Local Executive Bodies: Outdated Sector Assessment and Weak Monitoring System:

68 rayon Tajikistan 66 Inadequate Attention to Water Resources Management and Water Quality: Disintegrating Infrastructure: Ensuring Each Individual s Right to Water: every individual Distinctive Achievements

69 National Strategies Tajikistan 67

70 Tajikistan 68 Aid Coordination

71 Key Measures to Improve Aid Coordination Institutional Arrangements khukumats Tajikistan 69

72 Tajikistan 70 Rayselkomhozs Khukumats kolhozs sovhozs Vodocanals cover the services provided to Vodocanals Vodocanals Vodocanals Vodocanals Vodocanal supervision of Vodocanals Vodocanals Khukumats of

73 Table 2: Main functions of water sector organizations based on the PRSP ( ) SUE Khojagii Manziliju Kommunali: SUE «DushanbeVodocanal»: SUE «Khujandvodocanal»: «TajikSelhozVodoprovodstroy»: Government of the Republic of Tajikistan: Tajikistan 71 Local Executive Branch Bodies: Key Measures to Improve Institutional Arrangements Vodakanals

74 Tajikistan 72 Khukumats

75 Sector Financing Forward Cost Estimates Table 3: Estimated costs for the water and sanitation sector Source: Water Sector Development Strategy (2006) 2006 (thousand US$) (thousand US$) (thousand US$) (thousand US$) Total: 74, , , ,273 Table 4: Funding sources in the water and sanitation sector Source: Water Sector Development Strategy (2006) Funding Sources Tajikistan 73

76 Tajikistan 74 Tariffs and Fees improve the situation, Vodokanals No. Vodokanal No.

77 Proposed Reforms for SUE and DCDEDW, Jamoat Jamoats and the media, Tajikistan 75 Problems and recommendations on community level for drinking water supply,

78 Tajikistan 76 The Need for Further Investment Khukumats Figure 6: Funding flows under water-supply and sanitation

79 Key Measures to Improve Sector Financing Sector Monitoring Tajik-glavgeology Goskomstat vodkhoz Tajikistan 77 Environmental Effectiveness Review, Tajikistan

80 Tajikistan 78 No. Key Measures to Improve Sector Monitoring

81 Sector Capacity oblast, Key Measures to Improve Sector Capacity Tajikistan 79 Key Measures to Improve Sector Sustainability Problems of water supply and bank strengthening in Tajikistan,

82 Tajikistan 80 International Aid Water Projects and Programmes in Tajikistan Oxfam SDC UNDP Transforming Livelihoods, Redistributing Responsibilities and Overcoming Mountains Jamoat Jamoat UNICEF. Mobile Theatres of Khatlon

83 USAID World Bank vodokanals Progress of the programme to increase the number of persons with access to potable water ( ), December 25th Percentages refer to the first two Totals columns: Programme and Execution totals. No. Name Source of financing (in Thousand Tajik Somoni; US $1 = TJS 23) Totals in Tajikistan 59,928 1 Including: Tajikselhozvodoprovod Republican Budget Local Budget Investments Economic Activity Execution Programme Execution Programme Execution Programme Execution Programme Execution 1,242 2 SUE KMK 16,088 Tajikistan 81

84 Acronyms Djibouti Tajikistan 82 ADETIP AfDB AFESD CP CSO CSLP DEIS DISED GoAL WaSH INDS IsDB JMP MAEM-RH MDGs MTEF ONEAD PDSTP PK 12 PRSP SNDE UNDP UNICEF WSS Governance, Advocacy and Leadership for Water, Sanitation and Hygiene

85 El Salvador AECI AECID ANDA CARE CND ENRM FISDL FOAGUA FOCARD-APS FUNDE FUSADES GoAL WaSH GTZ MARN MDGs MSPAS NGOs PCI RASES SDC SIFLD UBN UNDP WASH WSS Spanish Cooperation Agency Governance, Advocacy and Leadership for Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Annexes 83

86 Mongolia Annexes 84 ADB Ger GoAL WaSH GoM MDGs MFALI MNET MoF MoH MRTCUD NGOs O&M PSFML RWSS UNDP UNICEF UNJPWSS WASH WB WSS Governance, Advocacy and Leadership for Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Water, Sanitation and Hygiene

87 Nepal ADB CBWSSP DDCs DLGSP DTO DWSS FEDWASUN GoAL WaSH GoN IDA JICA JMP KUKL KVWSBM MDGs MLD MoF MoH MPPW NDHS NEWAH NGOs NPC NWSC PPP PPUE PRSP RWSS RWSSFDB RWSSP SSG SWAp UNDP UNICEF VDCs WASH WB WECS WHO WQ WSP WSS Governance, Advocacy and Leadership for Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Acronyms 85

88 Tajikistan Acronyms 86 ADB CIS DCDEDW DRP EBRD EU GoAL WaSH GoRT GOST GTZ HRBA JMP khukumats kolhozs LGPC MCFHS MDGs MERLIN MIKI MPPW NDS NGOs NNHPAP NPC ODA OHCHR OSCE PRSP rayons SDC SDW SECO SES SUE KMK SWAp UNDP UNECE UNICEF vodokanals WASH WB WHO WSS Governance, Advocacy and Leadership for Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Water, Sanitation and Hygiene

89 For more information on GoAL WaSH contact: Alastair Morrison GoAL WaSH Coordinator Piers Cross UNDP GoAL WaSH Project Initiatives:

90 United Nations Development Programme Bureau for Development Policy Environment and Energy Group 304 East 45th Streen, 9th Floor New York, NY