55000 km. of backbone DWDM networks G DWDM-VOLGA: UNITING RUSSIA! DWDM. systems DEVELOPMENT DESIGN INSTALLATION

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1 55000 km of backbone DWDM networks 100G DWDM-VOLGA: UNITING RUSSIA! DWDM systems DEVELOPMENT DESIGN INSTALLATION

2 WORLD RECORD Record range of 10*100 Gbit/s transmission in a single-span DWDM system 1 Tbit/s capacity was achieved in a DWDM system with 100G channels in a single-span fiber optic line with a length of more than 500 km. Remote optically pumped amplifiers (ROPA) were used to increase the range of transmission of the ten 100G channels. The world record became available because of the high quality of 100G transponders with DP-QPSK modulation as well as unique signal processing algorithms developed by T km Counter Raman pumping 1450 нм Transponders 10 x 100G Transponders 10 x 100G A remote pumping amplifier A remote pumping amplifier 21ch TX (ROPA1) (ROPA2) RX 21ch 22ch TX RX 22ch 23ch TX RX DCF Span1 EDF1 Span2 EDF2 Span3 23ch 24ch TX EDFA1 EDFA2 RX 24ch WDM WDM WDM WDM WDM 25ch TX RX 25ch 26ch TX 1320 RX 26ch 27ch TX RX 27ch 28ch TX RX 28ch 29ch TX RX 29ch 30ch TX RX 30ch 1480 nm 1480 nm WDM 1390 nm 1480 nm 1480 nm Removing the pump Removing the pump MUX DEMUX 100 Gbit/s is a speed of a signal. The full speed of data transmission in the DWDM line including FEC is 120 Gbit/s. The coherent 100G transponders of T8 have the best threshold of detection among existing analogs. Optical signal-to-noise ratio that is required for correct detection of a signal (OSNRt) is only 12.5 db. This value is close to theoretical limit for 100G channels. A combination of advanced technologies is used in 100G transponders of T8 including Dual-Polarization QPSK modulation, digital dispersion compensation up to ps/nm, Soft-FEC error correction.

3 About company... 4 DWDM equipment Volga multiservice platform G equipment G equipment G equipment ,5G equipment Optical fiber amplifiers EDFA and RAMAN Hybrid amplifier EDFA + RAMAN Remote optically pumped amplifier ROPA Optical units Optical spectrum analyzer OPM ROADM the solution for multichannel networks DWDM and СWDM compact systems 100G DWDM system V1-MS-100E DWDM system 10*10 Gbit/s V1-TT-C10E DWDM/CWDM system 8*10 Gbit/s V1-TO Irtish compact 2,5G and 10G CWDM system Network management system Fractal NMS network management system Development and design DWDM lines with long spans Multispan DWDM lines Measurements of optical transmission systems DWDM network design Training center Technical support Fiber-optic security system Dunay distributed fiber-optic security system Feedback Feedback from our customers... 34

4 About the company T8 technologies of infinity About the company T8 is a leading manufacturer of wavelength-division multiplexing telecom equipment (DWDM and CWDM) in Russia and CIS countries. We develop and produce a line of DWDM and CWDM equipment with a channel speeds up to 100 Gbit/s. All T8 equipment is being developed and manufactured in Russia. To produce our equipment we use the best components from Europe, US, Japan, Russia and other countries. More than 150 people are working in our company, including 2 professors and 15 PhDs. 4 The company entered the list of top-ten most innovative companies of Russia according to the TechUp-2014 ranking and became one of 30 leading Russian hightech companies with the rapid development. T8 won CNEWS AWARD 2013 competition in nomination Russian Technologies. The activity of T8 was many times awarded by a Laser Association. In 2014 the company won a competition of a Russian state corporation ROSTECH in a field of photonics with a project of a new DWDM-system. In 2015 the company was nominated for the award of the government of the Russian Federation «Industry» A large part of our profit is re-invested in scientific research and development that allow us to keep place with the world leading manufacturers of CWDM and DWDM equipment. T8 has its own R&D Center which is a resident of the Skolkovo innovation center, as well as the best-equipped measurement laboratory in Russia. Every year our specialists publish dozens of scientific articles in international and Russian journals, and obtain patents for new scientific research results. Based on researches performed in our R&D Center, we established several world records in 100 Gbit/s signal transmission: 100G transmission over 4000 km in a 80-channel DWDM system without dispersion compensator modules (DCM) or signal regeneration; 10*100G transmission over 500 km in a singlespan fiber optic line with use of remote optically pumped amplifiers (ROPA) One of our fiber optic products is a Dunay security General Director of T8, Treshchikov Vladimir PhD system. It is intended for monitoring of security zones of extended objects like oil and gas pipelines, communication lines, state border, or perimeters of large industrial and special objects. Developing of a modern telecom equipment and implementation of innovative technologies require a creative approach and high professionalism from our employees. Not only gurus of modern technologies but also recent graduates are working in our company. We created a training school for education of young specialists, we choose and promote the best graduates of leading Russian universities such as MIPT, MSU, Bauman MGTU and others. Because of that we are a leading Russian company in production and installation of high-tech telecom equipment. We are proud to contribute in development of the Russian economy. T8 offers integrated solutions for building DWDM systems on a turnkey basis including design, supply, installation and maintenance of the equipment. The T8 is an ISO 9001 certified company. Qualification of our engineers is enough to perform projects of any difficulty level both for backbone and regional DWDM networks.

5 About the company Main fields of our activity are: Development and manufacturing of CWDM and DWDM equipment Pre-design analysis of a fiber optic line Principle design, calculation and engineering design of a network Installation of equipment Maintenance and technical support of equipment Development of a fiber optic security and monitoring system Dunay The company has profound technical abilities that allow us to solve any kind of tasks. Having large practical experience of installation of complex DWDM systems in different climatic conditions, we can overcome any non-standard situation with high quality and in strict terms. Mobile groups of engineers and welders permanently work in staff and provide immediate response to any situations. We calculate more than 200 projects every year, and dozens of them come to a stage of implementation. High quality of our projects is remarked by positive references and recommendations. We have installed more than 55,000 km of DWDM systems, and more than 10,000 km of them are high-speed 100G channels. Our key customer in Russia is the Rostelecom Corporation. Also our customers are: telecom operators, system integrators, government agencies, data processing centers, industrial companies. Among our projects are: DWDM network for Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics; DWDM networks for Rostelecom Siberia, North-West, Volga (more than 37,500 km); Backbone networks in Kazakhstan (more than 9000 km). Checking the finished product Development circuitry equipment The company built a DWDM network for Sochi 2014; part of the network was built using 100G DWDM system Volga 5

6 DWDM equipment The Volga DWDM platform To increase a performance of your network due to high-speed device The new multiservice platform for building of highspeed DWDM networks Volga supports channel speed 100 Gbit/s. The Volga platform chassis is executed according to the European standards (ETSI) and can be installed in 19 or 21 inch telecommunication racks. Volga platform is optimized for the use of 40G and 100G transponders. It has new power supplies, cooling and internal management systems. One rack can transmit up to 5 Tbit/s, that is the highest value in the industry. 6 Up to 700 Gbit/s in one chassis 10U-size, up to 5Tbit/s in one 19 inch racks 4 chassis types: 13 slots in 10U, 7 slots in 6U, 3 slots in 3U or 1 slot in 1U Transponders and aggregators from 2,5G to 100G Optic amplifiers: EDFA, RAMAN and gybrid EDFA+RAMAN ROADM: WSS 1x1, 1x2, 1x4, 1x9 Two slots for power supplies: 650, 850, 1200 or 1600W Chassis depths 300 mm The DWDM-system Volga was assigned the status of equipment of Russian origin by the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation. It had passed the state examination and was entered in the register of innovative products that are recommended to the procurement in the scope of 94-FZ and 223-FZ federal laws. Powerful DWDM transmission: 40, 80 or 96 with bandwidth 100G each Transponders support the line speeds 100, 40, 10, 2.5G. The hot upgrade without traffic interruption is possible. The use of coherent detection and Soft-FEC in new 100/40/10G transponders makes the transmission characteristics of these transponders very solid and enables them to work in old lines together with existed 2,5G channels. Due to high fault-tolerance of 100G DWDM transponder, the transmission on distances of up to 4000 km without dispersion compensators in the line with cascade of amplifiers is possible, as well as the 500 km point-to-point transmission with the use of Remote Optically Pumped Amplifiers (ROPA). Space efficiency in the rack A line of different form-factor chassis with 13 slots, 7 10U chassis with 13 slots slots, 3 slots for the convenience of network construction and subsequent renovation and expansion of channel capacity. Each transponder of the Volga platform is also available in 1U standalone version, including 100 Gbit /s equipment. Flexibility and network protection: 1+1 and add/drop, ROADM ROADM is a flexible output of optical channels for network protection and upgrade Protection 1+1 at speeds of 2.5, 10G - two line interfaces Aggregators 10x10G, 4x10G, 4x2.5G, 8x1GE BS cards optical protection of expensive interfaces 40G and 100G Modules of the platform support OTN X-connect with capacity of switching matrix of 40 or 100 Gbit/s. The next generation of equipment will support OTN Switch with capacity of up to 1 Tbit/s. DWDM system Volga supports up to 96 channels in C-band and have an option of additional extension in L-band to achieve transmission capacity of up to 27 Tbit/s. All Volga equipment has a full support of OTN technology. System elements (optical transponders, amplifiers, aggregators, control units or power supplies) can be replaced in a hot mode, i.e. without turning off the equipment and traffic loss. Optical switching cards enable building 1+1 protection networks and ring topology networks.

7 DWDM equipment The Volga platform key features High channel capacity Transmission up to 96 DWDM channels of up to 100 Gbit/s each. Up to 270 channels in expanded C+L band. Client interfaces SDH, OTN, Ethernet: 100G: 100GE 40G: STM256, OTU3, 40G Ethernet 10G: 10GbE, STM64, OTU2, 4/8/10GFC 2,5G: GbE, STM1/4/16, OTU1 OTN technology support Transponders and muxponders-aggregators transfer traffic in the OTN OTU1/2/3/4 format. OTN capacity matrix 40 or 100 Gbit/s. The next generation will support OTN-matrix to 1Tbit/s. Support of FEC and Super-FEC error correction algorithms increases the signal transmission quality. Implementation of complex topologies Due to using of WSS ROADM 1x2, 1x4, 1x9 and different types of aggregators and path-protection cards the Volga platform perfectly fits for constructing DWDM networks of different topologies with 1+1 protection, both ring and mesh. High speed optical end electronic switches, powerful digital signal processor in 100G transponders make possible to build redundant links with very fast reconfiguration (<50 ms) in case of failure. Wide range of optical amplifiers Low-noise erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA), Raman amplifiers (RAMAN) with a power of up to 33 dbm, remote optically pumped amplifiers (ROPA), hybrid amplifiers EDFA + RAMAN Fractal network management system Enables controlling all nodes at the network map with a color-coded indication. The graphical framework Fractal and the built-in Web-server significantly simplify operations on remote configuring of the Volga platform. Dimensions and power consumption Doubled power units: DC or AC 220 V. Power consumption no more than 1200 W. Chassis height 1/3/6U and 10U, depth 300 mm, rack mounting in 19 and 21 inch racks. Multiservice platform Volga is the best solution to build high-speed networks with wavelength division multiplexing. 6U chassis with 7 slots. 3U compact and inexpensive solution for 3 slots. 1U solution for small spaces. All equipment has the necessary certificates. The DWDMsystem Volga was assigned the status of equipment of Russian origin by the Minpromtorg Russia. 7

8 100G equipment Оборудование DWD Transponder ТS-100E Transmits 100 Gbit/s 100GE client signals in DWDM channel with Soft-FEC Transmits 100 Gigabit Ethernet client signals Supports 100G clients protocol L4 (4*25G) and SR10 (10*10G) OTU4 line interface, 120 Gbit/s Coherent DP-QPSK modulation format Reconfigurable in C-band laser Up to 96 channels in accordance with 50 GHz wavelength channel plan Soft-FEC error correction algorithms Automatic dispersion correction up to ± ps/nm OSNR T = 11 db (0.1 nm, BER = ) 8 TS-100E transponder executes 3R regeneration and transforming of 100 Gbit/s 100 Gigabit Ethernet client signal into an OTN, transmits data into a line using the OTN OTU4 format and uses powerful Soft-FEC error correction algorithms. Data transmission is executed at a stabilized wavelength according to a DWDM grid. The reconfigurable laser enables organizing up to 96 DWDM channels within the C-band according to ITU-T 50 GHz. Client In 100GE Client Out CFP 3R OTN FEC Coherent Line Out OTU4 Line In DWDM Optical characteristics Parameter Line interface, line bit rate / payload Output power with an optical amplifier Operational wavelength range of a transmitter Receiver sensitivity (BER=10-12 ) Receiver overload (BER=10-12 ) OSNR T (0.1 nm, BER=10-12 ) Power consumption Value OTU4, 120 / 103 Gbit/s dbm nm -18 dbm 0 dbm 11 db 150 W

9 M 100G equipment Aggregating transponder MS-100E Оборудо Transmits 10x10 Gbit/s client signals in 100 Gbit/s DWDM channel with Soft-FEC Transmits 10 client signals of 10GE, STM-64, OTU2, 8/10 GFC Service channel ESC in line interface Soft-FEC 15% error correction algorithm Coherent DP-QPSK modulation format Reconfigurable in C-band laser Up to 96 channels in accordance with 50 GHz wavelength channel plan Automatic dispersion correction up to ± ps/nm OSNR T from 11 db (0.1 nm, BER = ) Two worldwide records in data transmission were established! Aggregating transponder (muxponder) combines 10x10 Gbit/s client channels and transmits them in a DWDM channel. The MS-100E-T10 executes 3R regeneration, converts data into the OTN OTU4 format and uses the powerful Soft-FEC error correction algorithm.the transponder transfers data at a stabilized according to ITU-T 50 GHz according to the DWDM grid. The laser with a reconfigurable according to ITU-T 50 GHz enables organizing up to 96 DWDM channels within the C-band according to ITU-T 50 GHz. 9 Optical characteristics Parameter MS-100E-T10 MS-100E-Т10-SH Line interface, line bit rate / payload OTU4, 120 / 10*10 Gbit/s Client interfaces standards 10GE, STM-64, OTU2, 8/10 GFC Output power dbm dbm Operational wavelength range of the transmitter nm Receiver sensitivity (BER=10-12) -18 dbm -21 dbm Receiver overload (BER=10-12) 0 dbm Automatic dispersion correction up to ± 70/125 ns/nm up to ± 22 ns/nm 11 db (Soft-FEC 20%) OSNR T (0,1 nm, BER=10-12) 12.5 db (Soft-FEC 15%) 14.5 db (Soft-FEC 15%) Power consumption 165 W 125 W

10 40G equipment Transponder ТS-40E Transmits 40 Gbit/s STM-256 client signals via DWDM channel with Super-FEC Transmits client signals STM-256, 40GE OTU3 line interface, 43 Gbit/s Super-FEC G.975 I.7 error correction algorithm Coherent DP-QPSK modulation format Reconfigurable in C-band laser Up to 88 channels in accordance with 50 GHz wavelength channel plan Automatic correction dispersion up to ± ps /nm OSNR T = 9.0 db (0.1 nm, BER = ) 10 Transponder executes 3R regeneration and transforming of a 40 Gbit/s SDH STM-256 client signal into an OTN, transmits data using the OTN OTU3 format (43 Gbit/s) and uses the powerful Super-FEC G.975 I.7 error correction algorithm. Data transmission is executed at a stabilized wavelength according to a DWDM grid. A reconfigurable laser enables organizing up to 96 DWDM channels within the C-band according to ITU-T 50 GHz. Client In STM-64 Client Out OTN FEC Coherent Line Out OTU3 Line In DWDM Optical characteristics Parameter Line bit rate Output power without an optical amplifier Operational wavelength range of a transmitter Receiver sensitivity (BER=10-12) Receiver overload (BER=10-12) Power consumption Value OTU3, 43 Gbit/s dbm nm -20 dbm 0 dbm 90 W

11 40G equipment Aggregating transponder MS-40E 4 client 10 Gbit/s signals transmits via 43 Gbit/s DWDM channel with Super-FEC Transmits 4 client signals of 10GE, STM-64, OTU2, 8/10 GFC OTU3 line interface, 43 Gbit/s Super-FEC G.975 I.7 error correction algorithm Coherent DP-QPSK modulation format Reconfigurable in C-band laser Up to 88 channels in accordance with 50 GHz wavelength channel plan Automatic correction dispersion up to ± ps / nm OSNR T = 9.0 db (0.1 nm, BER = ) Aggregating transponder (muxponder) combines 4x10 Gbit/s client channels and transmits them into a DWDM channel. In any of the 4 channels change the type of client load can be non-stop line of traffic. MS- 40E-Q10 executes 3R regeneration, converts data into the OTN OTU3 format (43 Gbit/s) and uses the powerful Super-FEC G.975 I.7 error correction algorithm. The transponder transfers data at a stabilized wave length according to the DWDM grid. The laser with a reconfigurable wave length enables organizing up to 96 DWDM channels with the C-band ITU 50-GHz wavelength channel plan. Coherent detection of a signal is performed on the receiver side. Client In 1 10GE, STM-64, OTU2 Client Out 1 Client In 2 10GE, STM-64, OTU2 Client Out 2 Client In 3 10GE, STM-64, OTU2 Client Out 3 Client In 4 10GE, STM-64, OTU2 Client Out 4 XFP XFP XFP XFP OTN FEC DWDM Line Out OTU3 Line In 11 Optical characteristics Parameter Line bit rate Out power Operational wavelenght range of the transmitter Receiver sensivity (BER=10-12) Receiver overload (BER=10-12) Power consumption Value OTU3, 43 Gbit/s dbm nm -20 dbm 0 dbm 90 W

12 10G equipment Оборудование DWD 12 Transmits client signals of 10GE, SDH STM-64, 8/10 GFC Line interface OTN OTU2 10 transponders on the 10G in a single unit Super-FEC G.975 I.7 error correction algorithm Line and client interfaces Transponder ТT-C10E 10 transponders 10 Gbit/s with Super-FEC and OTN X-connect 10-channel 10G transponder with Super-FEC supports any 10 Gbit/s data formats on client interfaces: 10 GE, STM-64 etc. Each client channel is converted in OTN OTU2 format and sent to the selected line port. All channels on the line side can be combined by an external multiplexer for transmission in a single fiber using CWDM or DWDM technology. Tunable or color SFP/ with a fixed wavelength can be used on each line port. The use of standard connectors significantly increases the cost-efficiency of the solution. High port density enables effective usage of the rack space. The device can be configures in 5-channel mode with a line redundancy 1+1. In this case each client channel is sent to two line ports: main and backup. These two line channels bearing the same client channel can be transmitted on different fibers or with OTN X-connect between the channels. The transponder supports Super-FEC error correction that guarantees a high quality of 10G signal. Equipment Client In 1 10GE, STM-64, 8GFC/10GFC Client Out 1 Client In 2 10GE, STM-64, 8GFC/10GFC Client Out 2... Client In 10 10GE, STM-64, 8GFC/10GFC Client Out Десна 2 TT-10E OTN Super FEC X- Connect DWDM Line Out 1 OTU2 λ 1 Line In 1 Line Out 2 OTU2 λ 2 Line In 2 Line Out 10 OTU2 λ 10 Line In 10 is fully compatible with OTN networks. OTN provides powerful capabilities for channel management, signal monitoring, and traffic statistic analysis. Optical characteristics Parameter Value Line bit rate OTU2, 10 Gbit/s Output power without an optical amplifier dbm * Quantity SFP/ 10 Operational wavelength range of a transmitter nm Receiver sensitivity (BER=10-12 ) -24 dbm * Receiver overload (BER=10-12 ) -7 dbm * Power consumption 85 W *Depending on the type

13 ... M 10G equipment Transponder ТO-10 Universal transponder for the rate of any from 155 Mbit/s to 10 Gbit/s Transmits 4 client signals of 1/10 GbE, STM 16/64, 1/2/4/8/10 GFC Up to eight transponders Range of transmission up to 60 km Line interface SFP/ Терек 2 Universal 8-channel transponder without FEC enables you to build flexible and cost-effective CWDM/DWDM systems. 8 pairs of ports (SFP slots) are located in a 1U card. Transponder supports up to 8 client channels SDH STM 16/64, Ethernet 1/10 GE, Fibre Channel 1/2/4/8/10, OTN OTU 1/2. 3R-regeneration of the signal is performed for each channel (reamplification, reshaping, retiming). All channels on the line side can be combined by an external multiplexer for transmission in a single fiber using CWDM or DWDM technology. Tunable or color SFP/ with a fixed wavelength can be used on each line port. The use of standard connectors significantly increases the cost-efficiency of the solution. A wide range of client interfaces with speeds from 155 Mbit/s to 10.7 Gbit/s enables smooth upgrade of client equipment without a need to change the transponder. The device supports both STM and 1GE/10GE ports that makes it possible to arrange SDH-rings and IP-networks simultaneously based on a single WDM system Client In 1 STM-1/4/16/64, FC GE/10GE, OTU1/2 Client Out 1 Client In 2 STM-1/4/16/64, FC GE/10GE, OTU1/2 Client Out 2... Client In 8 STM-1/4/16/64, FC GE/10GE, OTU1/2 Client Out 8 TO-10P-P 3R 3R... 3R Line Out 1 λ 1 Line In 1 Line Out 2 λ 2 Line In 2 Line Out 8 λ 8 Line In 8 DWDM 13 Optical characteristics Parameter T0-10P-P TO-10MP-P Line bit rate 155 Mbit/s - 10 Gbit/s Output power without an optical amplifier * * Quantity SFP/ 8 Operational wavelength range of a transmitter nm Receiver sensitivity (BER=10-12 ) -23 dbm * -21 dbm * Receiver overload (BER=10-12 ) 0 dbm * -3 dbm * Power consumption 45 W *Depending on the type of SFP/

14 10G equipment Transponder TD-10E Transmits 10 Gbit/s client signals in DWDM channel with Super-FEC Transmits 1/2 client signals of 10GE, STM-64, OTU2, 4/8 GFC OTN OTU2 line interface Super-FEC G.975. I.7 with a redundancy up to 25% or FEC G protection for linear and ring DWDM systems Reconfigurable in C-band laser Up to 88 channels in accordance with 50 GHz wavelength channel plan OSNR T = 9.0 db (0.1 nm, BER = ) 14 Dual TD-10E transponder executes 3R regeneration of a 10 Gbit/s client optical signal and transforms a wavelength into an optical DWDM channel. Reconfigurable in C-band laser can be used for organization of up to 96 DWDM channels in accordance with the 50 GHz wavelength channel plan. The FEC version corrects errors according to FEC G.709 or Super-FEC ITU G.975 I.7 standards. Client In 1 10GE, STM-64, OTU2 Client Out 1 Client In 2 10GE, STM-64, OTU2 Client Out 2 XFP XFP OTN FEC Line Out 1 OTU2 Line In 1 DWDM Line Out 2 OTU2 Line In 2 Optical characteristics Parameter TD-10 TD-10F TD-10E Line bit rate OTU-2, from Gbit/s Client interfaces standards 10GE, STM-64, OTU2 Output power <+4 dbm Operational wavelength range of the transmitter nm Receiver sensitivity -18 /- 24 dbm * Receiver overload dbm Error correction algorithm none FEC G.709 SuperFEC ITU G.975 I.7 Power consumption 45 W * Specifying in order

15 10G equipment Aggregator MS-DC10FX Transmits up to 8 client signals in OTU2 channel with FEC and OTN X-connect Transmits client signals of GE and SDH STM-1/4/16, OTU1 2 lines interfaces OTN OTU2, 10 Gbit/s Error correction algorithm G.709 Aggregates 4xSTM-16, 8xSTM 1/4, 4xOTU1, 8xGE or multipurpose channels up to 10 Gbit/s OTN X-connect matrix from 40 Gbit/s 2 lines outputs in the form of a DWDM XFP or reconfigurable in C-band laser Up to 88 channels in accordance with 50 GHz wavelength channel plan Aggregator MS-DC10FX combines 8 client channels Gigabit Ethernet, SDH STM-16 (or their arbitrary combination) in two line channels OTN OTU2, 10 Gbit/s. The device supports cross-commutation on the ODU0/ ODU1 level. Aggregator performs 3R-regeneration of the signal, and error correction according to G.709. Two types of line interfaces are supported: XFP-modules and tunable lasers. Client In 1 GE, OTU1 STM-1/4/16 Client Out 1 Client In 2 GE, OTU1 STM-1/4/16 Client Out 2... SFP SFP... OTN FEC X- Connect XFP XFP DWDM Line Out 1 OTU2 λ 1 Line In 1 Line Out 2 OTU2 λ 2 Line In 2 15 Client In 8 GE, OTU1 STM-1/4/16 Client Out 8 SFP Optical characteristics Parameter MS-DC10FX-Q3F MS-DC10F-Q3F Line bit rate 2xOUT2, 10.7 Gbit/s Interface type XFP MSA Quantity client interfaces 4/8 Client interfaces standards 4 x (STM-16/OTU1) или 8 х (GbE/STM-1/STM-4) Output power defined by XFP < +4 dbm Operational wavelength range of the transmitter nm Receiver sensitivity / -24 dbm Receiver overload dbm Power consumption 35 W

16 2,5G equipment Оборудование DWD Transponder ТQ-3ES 4 transponders up to 2,67 Gbit/s in DWDM channel with Super-FEC Transmits GE, SDH STM-1/4/16 client signals Super-FEC G.975 I.3 or FEC G.709 error correction algorithm 4 transponders in one unit TQ-3ES transponder executes 3R regeneration of a 10 Gbit/s client optical signal and transforms a wavelength into an optical DWDM channel. Reconfigurable in C-band laser with the 50 GHz wavelength channel plan. The FEC version corrects errors according to FEC G.709 or Super-FEC ITU G.975 I.3 standards. 16 SFP module is used as a line interface of the aggregator. DWDM SFP can be used for data transmission in DWDM network. Optical characteristics Parameter TD-3 Line bit rate 155 Mbit/s 2.67 Gbit/s Client interfaces standards GE, SDH STM-1/4/16 Output power dbm Operational wavelength range of a transmitter nm Receiver sensitivity stand./extended -18 / -24 dbm Receiver overload +0 dbm Power consumption 25 W

17 M 2,5G equipment Aggregator MD-D3ES Transmits 2 client signals in DWDM channel OTU1 with Super-FEC Transmits 2x(GE or STM-1/4) or STM-16 OTN OTU1 line interface Line interface redundancy Useful for organizing 1+1 and ring protection Super-FEC G.975 I.3 or FEC G.709 error correction algorithm Two aggregators in one unit Aggregator MD-D3ES transmits 1 client channel STM- 16, or combines 2 client channels GE, STM-1/4 in a line channel OTN OTU1. The aggregator performs 3R-regeneration of the signal, and error correction according to G.709 or G.975 I.3 (Super-FEC). Two aggregators are combined in a single card. SFP module is used as a line interface of the aggregator. DWDM SFP can be used for data transmission in DWDM network. 17. Optical characteristics Parameter Value Line bit rate 155 Mbit/s Gbit/s OTU1 Quantity client interfaces 4 Client interfaces standards GE, STM-1/4/16 Operational wavelength range of a transmitter nm Power consumption 30 W

18 Optical fiber amplifiers Оборудование DWD EDFA and RAMAN optical fiber amplifiers The optical amplifiers family includes preamplifiers, boosters and linear erbium doped amplifiers (EA), and also Raman amplifiers (RA) with power up to 2 W 1 and 2 cascaded amplifiers Controls transient processes when adding channels Low noise figure Flat amplifying grid in C-band Raman amplifiers with pump power up to 2 W (33 dbm) Stabilization modes for an output power and amplification factor 18 Amplifiers increase the power of optical signals without an optical-to-electrical transduction. Amplifiers with one, two or three amplification stages are available. In multi-stage amplifiers, inter-stage access if provided for connection of dispersion compensators. The use of gain flattening filters (GFFs) guarantees a flat gain grid in С-band. Each amplifier has a built-in tunable attenuator that enables smooth gain adjustment. K1 K2 EDFA DWDM In EDF GFF VOA EDF EDF GFF % 1% 1% 1% 1% Out DWDM ФП1 ДН1 ДН2 ФП2 ФП3 ДН3 Out2 In2 ФП4 MON In Out DCU Optical characteristics Parameter RAMAN EDFA Spectral range nm Output power +30 dbm (RAMAN) dbm Number of amplifying stages Number of leveling GFF filters Spectral flatness per 10 db of amplification - 0,5 db Power adjustment range with an attenuator ; ; 25-36

19 M Optical fiber amplifiers Hybrid amplifier EDFA + RAMAN Combination of Raman and erbium-doped fiber amplifier in one case EDFA + RAMAN in one case High spectral flatness Low noise figure Гибридный усилитель Hybrid amplifier is a combination of Raman amplifier and erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA). Raman pumping with the power of up to 600 mw amplifies the emission in the line before its input to EDFA and decrease an effective noise factor of the amplifier. Due to lower noise factor it is possible to achieve larger distances between amplifiers and decrease network operating costs. Interstage access for connection of dispersion compensators can be optionally provided. DWDM In Signal Counter pumping Pump1 WDM λ 1 MUX EDFA λ 2 Pump2 Signal Out DWDM 19 Remote optically pumped amplifier ROPA Increase of spans between two network nodes due to remote amplification of signal The use of ROPAs makes it possible to increase the distance between two network nodes. The ROPA is an erbium-doped fiber amplifier that is pumped remotely using wavelength 1480 nm either in working fiber or in an additional fiber. The device consists of two functional units: a passive unit (hermetically sealed box with a fiber-optic circuit) and an active unit (one or two pumping lasers). Two types of ROPA configuration are used: with a backward pumping (i.e. the pumping is provided from the receiver side) and with a forward pumping (i.e. the pumping is provided from the transmitter side). Working modes of amplifiers and the gain in distance can vary in different configurations, and depend on the required link capacity.

20 DWDM equipment Оборудование DWDОб Optical units Manageable optical multiplexer and demultiplexer Managed multiplexer / demultiplexer Step size 0.1 db attenuator Controls transient processes when adding channels Low noise figure Flat amplifying grid in C-band Units are designed to combine separate DWDM channels in one multi-channel line DWDM signal (multiplexer) or to extract separate DWDM channels from a multi-channel line DWDM signal (demultiplexer). Optical power in each channel can be adjusted using built-in optical attenuator. Attenuation value for each channel can be managed using a network management system (NMS). Units support up to 40 or 48 channels. Optical spectrum analyzer OPM 20 Measurements of the spectra in DWDM systems C-band nm Frequency grid 50 GHz 4-lines optical switch The unit performs spectrum measurement for signal rates 2.5 Gbit/s (direct and external modulation), 10G, 40G and 100G (with limitations). Channel optical power can be measured in the range dbm. Noise floor is -55 dbm. The unit is managed using a web interface that displays the spectrum of multi-channel optical signal and a list of channel powers for different formats of modulation. The unit is designed for use in the Volga chassis.

21 Mорудование DWDM DWDM equipment ROADM the solution for multichannel networks Versatile add/drop of lightpath channels for the network upgrade and protection Reconfigurable multiplexers ROADM-x/1 (x=2, 4,9) are intended for flexible routing and cross-connect of optical channels on core network nodes. Multiplexers ROADM- 1T/40C enables you to extract several optical channels from input DWDM signal, and to add client channels into output DWDM signal. Multiplexers ROADM-x/1 (x=2,4,9) enables you to extract arbitrary channels from 2, 4, or 9 input DWDM signals and combine them into one output DWDM signal. An optical equalizer has one DWDM input port and one DWDM output port. An output signal power in each multiplexer can be tuned channelby-channel in the Network Management System (NMS) using internal attenuators. All ROADM units support the WSS redundancy that allows you to reconfigure the path of optical channel when receiving the control signal. This technology allows you to provide redundancy for high bit-rate channels 100G and 40G at a minimal cost. The reconfiguration of the route takes less than 40 sec. Functional diagram 21 Optical characteristics ROADM parameter 1/1 CA 2/1 4/1 9/1 Span between channels 50Ghz Number of input / output channels 96/96 96 x 2/96 96 x 4/96 96 x 9/96 Frequency band Thz Thz Channel loss ( Line in / Line out ) 6.5 db 6.5 db 7.5 db Channel loss ( add ) 6.5 db 6.5 db 7.5 db Channel loss ( drop ) --- Channel loss ( blocked ) 40 db Tuning range of attenuator 15 db Tuning step of attenuator 0.1 db Time of channel switch 250 millisecond Time of attenuator switch 50 millisecond Power consumption 10W

22 Compact system Compact 100G DWDM system V1-MS-100E Transmission of 10 client signals 10 Gbit/s each in a DWDM channel 100 Gbit/s with Soft-FEC Transmission of 10 client signals 10GE, STM-64, OTU2, 8/10 GFC Line interface OTU4, 120 Gbit/s Error correction Soft-FEC Coherent modulation format DP-QPSK Automatic dispersion compensation up to ps/nm OSNRR = 12.5 db (0.1 nm, BER=10-12 ) Several world records were set: - 100G transmission over 4000 km without dispersion compensators or regeneration - 10*100G transmission over 500 km with ROPA 22 System V1-MS-100E-T10 aggregates 10 client interfaces 10 Gbit/s and transmits them into a single 100G DWDM channel. The traffic protocol on 10G client ports can be changed without interruption of the line traffic. Muxponder performs 3R-regeneration of the signal, converts data to OTN OTU4 format and implements Soft- FEC error correction. A stabilized wavelength is used for data transmission in accordance with standard DWDM grid. The laser can be tuned across the C-band to cover any of up to 96 channels (with 50 GHz spacing). The system has an Ethernet port that enables to arrange service channel on a working wavelength. The device consists of: channel-forming DWDM unit, control unit, two power supply units, and fans unit. Client In 1 10GE, STM-64, OTU2 Client Out 1 Client In 2 10GE, STM-64, OTU2 Client Out 2... Client In 10 10GE, STM-64, OTU2 Client Out OTN FEC Coherent Line Out OTU4 Line In DWDM Optical characteristics Parameter Line interface, line bit rate / payload Output power with an optical amplifier Operational wavelength range of the transmitter Receiver sensitivity (BER=10-12) Receiver overload (BER=10-12) OSNR T (0.1 nm, BER=10-12) Power consumption Value OTU4, 120 Gbit/s / 103 Gbit/s dbm nm -18 dbm 0 dbm 12.5 db 235 W

23 Compact system Compact DWDM system 10*10 Gbit/s V1-TT-C10E Transmission of 10 client signals 10 Gbit/s with Super-FEC and OTN X-Connect Transmission of 10 client signals 10GE, SDH STM-64, 8/10 GFC Line interface OTU2 Up to ten transponders, up to 10G each Super-FEC G.975 I.7 error correction algorithm Lines and clients interfaces ESC control channel at a separate wavelength Compact standalone unit 1U, 19 Десна 2 Compact system for transmission of 10 Gbit/s signals with Super-FEC. The system supports any 10 Gbit/s data formats on client interfaces: 10 GE, STM-64 etc. Each client channel is converted in OTN OTU2 format and sent to the selected line port. All channels on the line side can be combined by an external multiplexer for transmission in a single fiber using CWDM or DWDM technology. Tunable or color SFP/ with a fixed wavelength can be used on each line port. The use of standard connectors significantly increases the cost-efficiency of the solution. High port density enables effective usage of the rack space. The device can be configures in 5-channel mode with a line redundancy 1+1. In this case each client channel is sent to two line ports: main and backup. These two line channels bearing the same client channel can be transmitted on different fibers or with OTN X-connect between the channels. The transponder supports Super-FEC error Client In 1 10GE, STM-64, 8GFC/10GFC Client Out 1 Client In 2 10GE, STM-64, 8GFC/10GFC Client Out 2... Client In 10 10GE, STM-64, 8GFC/10GFC Client Out TT-10E OTN Super FEC X- Connect correction that guarantees a high quality of 10G signal. Equipment is fully compatible with OTN networks. OTN provides powerful capabilities for channel management, signal monitoring, and traffic statistic analysis. DWDM Line Out 1 OTU2 λ 1 Line In 1 Line Out 2 OTU2 λ 2 Line In 2 Line Out 10 OTU2 λ 10 Line In Optical characteristics Parameter Value Line interface, line bit rate OTU2, 10 Gbit/s Output power with an optical amplifier dbm * Quantity SFP/ 10 Operational wavelength range of the transmitter nm Receiver sensitivity (BER=10-12) -24 dbm * Receiver overload (BER=10-12) -7 dbm * Power consumption 85 W *Depending on the type of

24 ... Compact system Оборудование СWDСи Compact DWDM system 8 channels 10 Gbit/s each Transmission of 8 client signals 10 Gbit/s each without FEC Transmission of 10 client signals 10GE, STM-64, OTU2, 4/8/10 GFC Up to eight transponders, up to 10G Integrated optical multiplexer and amplifier SFP + line interfaces with the possibility of a step-by-step expansion Терек 2 24 Universal 8-channel transponder without FEC enables you to build flexible and cost-effective CWDM/DWDM systems. 8 pairs of ports (SFP slots) are located in a 1U chassis. Transponder supports up to 8 client channels SDH STM 16/64, Ethernet 1/10 GE, Fibre Channel 1/2/4/8/10, OTN OTU 1/2. 3R-regeneration of the signal is performed for each channel (reamplification, reshaping, retiming). All channels on the line side can be combined by a multiplexer for transmission in a single fiber using CWDM or DWDM technology. Tunable or color SFP/ with a fixed wavelength can be used on each line port. The use of standard connectors significantly increases the cost-efficiency of the solution. A wide range of client interfaces with speeds from 155 Mbit/s to 10.7 Gbit/s enables smooth upgrade of client equipment without a need to change the transponder. The device supports Client In 1 STM-1/4/16/64, FC GE/10GE, OTU1/2 Client Out 1 Client In 2 STM-1/4/16/64, FC GE/10GE, OTU1/2 Client Out 2... Client In 8 STM-1/4/16/64, FC GE/10GE, OTU1/2 Client Out 8 TO-10P-P both STM and 1GE/10GE ports that makes it possible to arrange SDH-rings and IP-networks simultaneously based on a single WDM system. 3R 3R... 3R Line Out 1 λ 1 Line In 1 Line Out 2 λ 2 Line In 2 Line Out 8 λ 8 Line In 8 DWDM Optical characteristics Parameter Value Line interface, line bit rate 1-10 Gbit/s Output power with an optical amplifier dbm * Operational wavelength range of the transmitter nm (DWDM) * (CWDM) * Receiver sensitivity (BER=10-12) -10 dbm * Receiver overload (BER=10-12) +8 dbm * Power consumption 50 W * Depending on the type of SFP/

25 Mстема управления Compact system Irtysh compact CWDM system up to 10 Gbit/s The best solution for organizing cost-effective speed channel Transmission of client signals STM-64, 10GE, OTU2, (option Fiber Channel 1/2/4/8/10 GFC) and STM-1/4/16, GE, OTU1 A built-in CWDM MUX/DEMUX Path redundancy Up to 8 CWDM channels: 2 x 10G + 6 x 2.5G; 4 x 10G; 8 x 10G Doubled power units Power consumption 60 W An optical supervisory channel The compact 1U housing, 19 The Irtish allows organizing up to 8 CWDM channels in 2 directions. The equipment executes 3R regeneration of a signal, transforms it into spectral channels which are combined into a baseband CWDM signal by a builtin optical multiplexer. Device CWDM10TP-6/2-SC is a modified version of device CWDMTP-8-SC. It supports 6 channels with speeds of up to 2.5 Gbit/s (SFP modules) and 2 channels with speeds of up to 10 Gbit/s (XFP modules). Specifications Number of optical channels: 8 Path redundancy Transmission length: 40 or 60 km Doubled power units: V DC, power consumption 60 W Network management system: SMNP, Fractal Built-in Ethernet Switch, 2 x SFP GE, 6 x RJ-45 Fast Ethernet Irtysh compact CWDM system up to 2.5 Gbit/s Increases a fiber-optic communication line bandwidth using Coarse Wavelength-Division Multiplexing technology 25 Transmission of client signals STM-1/4/16, GE, OTU1, connecting client interfaces with proprietary protocols at speeds up to 2.5G A built-in CWDM MUX/DEMUX Up to 8 CWDM channels in one unit, up to 16 by cascading Doubled power units An optical control channel The compact 1U housing, 19 The Irtysh system enables transmitting client signals up to 8 CWDM channels in 2 dinection or 1. The equipment executes 3R regeneration of a signal, transforms it into spectral channels which are combined into a baseband CWDM signal by a built-in optical multiplexer. All optical connections with the multiplexer are done inside the unit that improves the reliability and convenience of the system. Irtysh equipment is managed remotely using a service optical channel. Local management can be also performed using either RJ-45 Fast Ethernet or RS-232 ports. Specifications Number of optical channels: 4, 8, 16 Doubled power units: V DC, power consumption 60 W Network management: SMNP, Fractal Built-in Ethernet Switch 2xSFP GE, 6xRJ-45 Fast Ethernet

26 Network management system Network management system NMS Fractal 26 Network management system (NMS) Fractal is designed for management and monitoring of digital transport systems DWDM, CWDM, OTN. NMS Fractal is compatible with the full range of T8 transport equipment (DWDM system Volga, CWDM system Irtysh ) as well as with the equipment of other vendors. NMS Fractal provides network configuration management, troubleshooting control and management, quality management and security management. Thus the level of DWDM equipment management is combined with some elements of the level of digital transport systems management. Flexible configuration of filters enables operator to analyze system performance at a glance and identify pre-emergency situations at early stages. A system log for the whole network can be generated at any time. NMS supports the following main functions: Configuration management Setting parameters of network elements; Synchronization of the NMS database and a network element databas; Synchronization of databases for all types and versions of the network elements; Collection of identification data about network elements; Input of passive network elements that have no electronic elements of identification (microcontroller units); Graphical representation of sections (bayface layout), installed cards and devices and their technical condition, as well as color indication of alarm statuses of network elements; Input and storage of information about connections and tunnels (services) of a physical layer (optical cables and fibers), optical layer of OTN (optical channels, multiplexer sections etc.), electrical layer of OTN (OTU1-4, ODU0-4); Creation, management and monitoring of connections and tunnels of all layers of OTN; Graphical representation and display of technical condition and alarm statuses of connections and tunnels of all layers of OTN. Troubleshooting control and management Representation of information about faults and changes of condition of controlled network elements in a real time (less than 1 min); Maintenance of a detailed system trouble logs; Filtration and correlation of alarm signals; Management of modes of performance monitoring and handling of alarm and other messages from network elements, units and input/output ports (including masking of alarm messages); Change of category of alarm signals; Support of sensors of control and management of external alarm signaling; Switching on/off audio alarm and adjustment of sound volume for incoming alarm signals at operator station. Quality management Activation/deactivation of quality parameters measurement for network elements and sections; Maintenance of a detailed system log of quality parameters on VC, MS, RS, and OTU (FEC) levels with an option to print all available information or to save it on an external storage. Security management Identification and authentication of the user; Setting access rights Logging and passive auditing; Control of integrity and security of the stored and transmitted data. NMS Fractal has client-server architecture. The NMS server requires Windows Server and Microsoft SQL Server, and the NMS client requires Windows and Internet Explorer.

27 Network management system Principal scheme of the network is displayed Integrated element manager (EMS). Operation of a Volga chassis Configuration of channels Network inventory 27 Indication of components operation Window of the network node faults

28 Development and design DWDM lines with long spans Optical amplifiers allow increasing the span length due to increasing the signal power during transmission and the sensitivity during receiving. Basic configurations The most cost-efficient solutions used erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA). The simultaneous use of a power amplifier and a preamplifier allows transmission of 16 optical channels for a distance up to 220 km and 40 channel for a distance up to 200 km. Raman amplifying Using of Raman amplifier units in addition to EDFA transmission and receiving amplifiers allows to organize transmission of optical channels for a span length up to km in systems with up to 16 optical channels. It is possible to transmit 40 channels with the 250 km span. 28 ROPA Extra-long sections of DWDM line. The ROPA technology (remote optical pumped amplifier) is used for remote pumping of the erbium doped fiber (EDF). Amplifier is pumped in a separate fiber. In the laboratory of T8 demonstrated a dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) system, transmitting 10 x 100 Gbit/s per channel over 500 km without the use of regenerators or erbium doped fiber amplifiers. It is an industry World record for single-span line. Transponders 10 x 100G 21ch 22ch 23ch 24ch 25ch 26ch 27ch 28ch 29ch 30ch TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX MUX 1480 nm 1480 nm Removing the pump DCF EDFA km Counter Raman pumping 1450 нм Transponders 10 x 100G A remote pumping amplifier A remote pumping amplifier (ROPA1) (ROPA2) RX 21ch RX 22ch RX Span1 EDF1 Span2 EDF2 Span3 23ch EDFA2 RX 24ch WDM WDM WDM WDM WDM RX 25ch RX 26ch RX 27ch RX 28ch RX 29ch RX 30ch 1480 nm WDM 1390 nm 1480 nm Removing the pump DEMUX

29 Development and design Multispan DWDM lines Coherent systems on the basis of TS-100E and MS-100E-T10 transponders Due to DP-QPSK modulation format and soft algorithm for forward error correction with 15% redundancy we have reached an extremely low required optical to signal noise ratio (OSNR required) for 100G transponders 11 db. Dispersion compensation free coherent DWDM systems of new generation The use of coherent transponders makes it possible to build DWDM lines without passive dispersion compensators. Mathematical dispersion compensation takes place in the receiver s DSP (digital signal processor). 100G transponders in traditional DWDM line with passive dispersion compensators 100 TX 100 TX MUX 100 km N EDFA EDFA RX 100 DEMUX RX 100 Definition 100 Coherent 100G transponders TS-100E and MS-100E-T10 In existed DWDM lines there are passive dispersion compensators, which were placed at intermediate amplification nodes. The most economical way of the bandwidth Increasing of such a lines is step-by-step substitution of old low speed channels on new higher speed channels. In this case for the long time period it is possible coexistence of channels of different speeds and different modulation formats like 10G NRZ, 40G DPSK, 100G DP-QPSK. In these configurations there is a necessary to use periodical passive dispersion compensation. T8 engineers investigated functionality of the 100G transponders in DWDM line with periodical dispersion compensation. The OSNR margin in 1600 km DWDM line is equal to 7.5 db TX 40 TX 100 TX MUX EDFA 100 km N EDFA DCU DEMUX TX TX TX Definitions DCU 10G transponders TD-10 and MS-10FX 40G transponders TS-40E and MS-40E-Q10 Coherent 100G transponders TS-100E and MS-100E-T10 Dispersion compensator

30 Development and design Разработка и проектировани Ра Measurements of optical transmission systems The best laboratory in the industry, over 300 devices and many years of field measurements The company owns a wide range of equipment for research and scientific experimentation: Field measurements of fiber-optic communication line parameters: chromatic dispersion, PMD, BOTDR, reflectometry Starting-up and adjustment of equipment at facilities: BER tests, jitters, spectral measurements of WDM Bench measurements: full-scale testing of DWDM systems before shipping, analysis of non-linear effects and noises In the laboratory company has collected all the necessary devices for the construction and commissioning of coherent optical networks: SDH and Ethernet analyzers, Ethernet 1/10/100Gbit/s testing modules, channel testers (for measuring of channel s power and wavelength) Optical Grid analyzers from EXFO and Anritsu Oscillographs and optical sources, microscopes, OTDRs, attenuators and power meters. 30 DWDM network design Engineering department of the company performs calculation of DWDM networks of any complexity in short terms. Our engineers calculate more than 200 projects every year, and dozens of them reach the practical implementation stage. We have a profound experience in designing telecommunication systems based on new formats of modulation of the optical signal (DP-QPSK 100 Gbit/s). Only in 2014 year we have built more than km of 100G DWDM networks. We developed methods of optimization that make it possible to achieve optimal performance for combined networks where both coherent channels 100 Gbit/s and noncoherent channels 10 Gbit/s are transmitted simultaneously. Due to this our customers successfully put in operation 100G channels on an old infrastructure that was intended for 10G channels. Based on initial data provided by customer (scheme of the network and distances between nodes, type and quantity of fibers on each span, plans of the network development) the engineering department solves the following tasks: Development of a channelizing scheme and a principal scheme of the network Calculation of estimated quality of transmission in designed communication channels, and network reliability analysis; Optimization of networks to decrease capital and operating expenses; Analysis of errors and faults in existing networks. We use self-engineered specialized software for most effective design of DWDM networks. For calculation of networks of high complexity a working group is usually created with experts of R&D department of the company. R&D department performs theoretical analysis and numerical simulation of DWDM networks of complex topology, simulation of new components (optical amplifiers, transponders and other devices), simulation and analysis of linear and nonlinear effects using the OptSim software and other tools.