Hierarchy and dynamics of optical networks.
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1 Hierarchy and dynamics of optical networks. F.-Joachim Westphal (1), Andreas Gladisch (1), Matthias Gunkel (2) (1) Deutsche Telekom AG, Laboratories (2) Deutsche Telekom Netzproduktion GmbH 1
2 Introduction. The Internet traffic growth. Data Traffic (PByte/month) 1E+08 1E+07 1E+06 1E+05 1E+04 1E+03 1E+02 1E+01 MINTS low US MINTS high US Cisco US Extrapolation MINTS low WW MINTS high WW Cisco WW 1E year 2 db/year Worldwide annual Internet traffic growth rate: 50-60% Source: Odlyzko et al: 2
3 Outline. Introduction Basics of OTN evolution and effects on networks OTN functions Optical network elements Generic hierarchical optical transport architecture Traffic demand forecast and types of services Where to locate configurable optical network elements Conclusions 3
4 Introduction. Evolution of optical networks. Set of WDM / OTN point to point Remote configurable on L-ODU & H-ODU Evolution OTN Auto. bandwidth dedication OTN NE: DWDM OTN system; ROADM electronic XC; L2 integration Concentrate on optics only in this presentation.
5 Some effects of optics, WDM and OTN on network architecture. Distance and bandwidth is key, optics relaxed restrictions on transmission distances and has a reasonable cost point Structural change Regenerator less transmission Allows to expand access Allows to reduce number of sites Costs of transmission has declined for years Rethinking about functional and topology split of aggregation - backbone 5
6 Cost improvement of optical transport. Backbone DWDM per-bit, per-km cost improvements over time Beside technical advantages optical transport has well improved in cost over the years. Ovum 6
7 Optics in access / aggregation. Examples of planed reduction of number of sites: BT in UK & DT in Germany Reductions of number of sites by a order of magnitude. 7
8 OTN: Transparent, flexible structure of λ and sub-wavelength. Sub-wavelength: L-ODU; wavelength: H-ODU. Multiplex. / switching levels of OTN Flexible switching of OTN Multiplexing L1 clients (CBR) sub-wavelength Lower Order ODU wavelength / OTU / higher order ODU 1 GE 1 GE L-ODU OADM L-ODU L-ODU (n x 1,25 Gbit/s) H-ODU λ 100 GE L1 any bitrate 1x 1x ODUflex nx1.25g ODU4 ODU3(e) 1x OTU4 100 Gbit/s 1x OTU3(e) 40 Gbit/s Switching H-ODU L-ODU H-ODU 10 GE 1x ODU2e ODU2(e) 1x OTU2(e) 10 Gbit/s λ OADM λ 1 GE 1x ODU Gbit/s ODU1 1x OTU1 2.5 Gbit/s OTN: Two flexible and independent level of switching and multiplexing.
9 Key for switching on wavelength level: Different types of OADMs. Types of optical add/drop multiplex. FOADM Add/drop of fixed configured λ Principle of multi-degree ROADM Local Line Local ROADM Fibers in 2 directions Line WSS WSS WSS Line Multi-degree ROADM Add/drop of remotely configurable λ Local WSS Local Fibers in up to 8 directions Line FOADMs & ROADMs come with quite different price tags.
10 Generic architecture. Generic hierarchical optical transport architecture OTN Regio OTN Core Access Two architecture/hierarchy variations: 1. Two levels of hierarchy: Partly meshed core interconnects metro/regio domains based on ring topology 2. Flat architecture without hierarchies. Maybe subdivided in different optical domains OTN Regio Access Study based on first variation: Maybe more suitable for large national footprint and dominance of IP broadband services. 10
11 Traffic demand. 500% Traffic demand forecast on national infrastructure 400% 300% 200% 100% 0% Generic traffic demand forecast, has to be detailed concerning mix of services. 11
12 Types of services / service-bundles. Classical set of service / service-bundles of incumbent operator IP/xDSL/FTTx based services: Double/Triple Play (incl. video; video on demand) Internet access L3-VPN IP IP backhauling, centrallized IP-Transit service creation, fixed, IP-Wholesale tree-like logical topology fixed, tree-like logical topology to to IP/MPLS edge Ethernet based services: Bitstream Access Ethernet Link p2p (leased lines) L2 VPN p2mp Any-to-any geographic distribution Layer-1: distribution Leased Lines (SDH based) Leased Lines (OTN/ WDM based) Substitution Types of services grouped in IP/xDSL/FTTX and leased line / VPN based services. 12
13 Split of different types of traffic. 500% 400% 300% 200% 100% Traffic demand forecast on national infrastructure Leased lines lines and and L2 L2 VPN VPN are are 20-30% of of the the traffic volume only. Majority of of traffic is is residential IP, IP, it it will will not not benefit from from flexible configuration of of optical layer in in the the aggregation. 0% Majority of traffic has to follow fixed configured aggregation path to IP/MPLS edge devises. 13
14 Geographical distribution of leased line traffic (I). Statistics of traffic distribution based on deployed Ethernet services OTN Regio OTN Core inter-regional: 20-30% 100% within access zone: 30% within region: 40-50% Non-linear distribution of LL distance: Mainly very short and very long distances. Variation of core or regional diameter has minor influence on distribution only. Only 20-30% of all leased lines are inter-regional. Traffic which benefits from configuration in the core of the network is further reduced. 14
15 Geographical distribution of leased line traffic (II). Distribution of source/sink-sites based on deployed Ethernet services Leased Lines Demand 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% Number of Locations 5% of all sites (mostly inter-regional sites) are responsible for 50% of all leased lines. Concentrate flexible configuration on these sites might help to minimize investment. 15
16 Potential locations of flexible optical switching node. (MD-)ROADM. Two-2 or multi-degree optical switching node at various locations? OTN Regio OTN Core 4 Access OTN Regio Access (MD-)ROADMs allow to (re-)configure network from a centralized management center. 16
17 OTN in metro / regio. Comparison of one fiber per demand, OTN p-t-p system and OTN ring OTN-systems are great in saving fiber-resources OTN p-t-p may save CapEx compared to OTN-ring in case of very high demands Cash-out tradeoff in-between OTN p-t-p and OTN-ring influenced by: Increasing demand per site OTN-ring longer distance aggregation site - hub higher number of optical channels per OTN-system OTN p-t-p system Higher bitrate per channel In many cases OTN rings will make sense for national networks in Europe and traffic demands of the next years. 17
18 OTN in metro / regio. Example of CapEx comparison Comparison of OTN p-t-p system, FOADM based OTN ring, ROADM based OTN ring Calculation based on simplified ring model using parameters of DT national infrastructure and commercial available OTN systems. 900 sites aggregated towards 24 core PoPs ROADM based ring kummulative CapEx OTN p-t-p system FOADM based ring protected 10G demands per site Taking today s price tags into account, ROADM based rings are more expensive as FOADM based rings, but will outperform OTN p-t-p solutions. 18
19 OTN in metro/ regio. OpEx parameters Comparison of FOADM based OTN ring, ROADM based OTN ring Central network management center Work in the field Ring FOADM Ring ROADM network management & planing Basic Installation Port Installation Basic Installation Port Installation planing & installation OTN-equipment X X produktinstallation OTN X X produktinstallation THS X X autom. Configuration X verification NE and ports X X X manual work in the field traveling basic installation X X traveling port installation X travelling fiber patch X X Installation ET, OLA, FOADM X Installation ROADM X Installation transponder X installation transponder X patching fiber X X X Separate work in central network management center and work in the field, traveling cost have major impact. 19
20 OTN in metro/ regio. OpEx Comparison of FOADM based OTN ring, ROADM based OTN ring Δ With churn Opex Δ without churn ROADM FOADM protected 10G demands per site ROADM based rings will save OpEx compared to FOADM based ones. Savings will increase with increasing churn rate. Churnrate: 50% of ports 10x reconfigured 20
21 OTN in metro/ regio. Kumulative CapEx and OpEx Comparison of FOADM based OTN ring, ROADM based OTN ring kumulative CapEx / OpEx ROADM Δ FOADM Capex Opex Δ protected 10G demands per site To reduce OpEx, a lot of additional CapEx has to be spend for ROADMs. 21
22 Where to place (MD-)ROADMs? 1. Within core All partial meshed nodes 2. Regio - core All regio core nodes Placement of (MD-)ROADMs in regio and core 3. Multi-ring aggregation in regio Depending on demand Depending on individual regio-topology? 4 Access OTN Regio 4. Access regio? Only if high density of leased line demands, but individual manual configuration needed in most cases Not needed for residential IP backhauling (MD-)ROADMs are more suitable within the (core) network, but less at the edge OTN Core 2 3 OTN Regio Access 22
23 Conclusion OTN allows flexible implementation of multiplexing and switching functions on wavelength and sub-wavelength level (and integration of L2 functions). Optical OTN functions and network elements allow reasonable priced transport of growing demands. OTN relaxed restrictions on transmission distances and enables concepts to reduce number of sites. Traffic demand forecast indicates continues growth of traffic volume, mainly drive by residential IP services. Only leased line and L2 VPN types of services can really benefit from flexible reconfigurable wavelengths, but those services are the minority of overall traffic demand. Today s price difference in-between ROADMs and FOADMs can t be overcompensated by OPEX reduction. Placement of (MD-)ROADMs within the (core-)network more suitable, as at the edge of the aggregation. 23
24 Thank you for your attention! F.-J. Westphal (1), A. Gladisch (1), M. Gunkel (2) (1) Deutsche Telekom AG, Laboratories Goslarer Ufer 35, Berlin, Germany (2) Deutsche Telekom Netzproduktion GmbH 24
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