Honeywell Night Vision Security. The Night Hawk Advantage

Transcription

1 Honeywell Night Vision Security The Night Hawk Advantage

2 What is Night Vision Security? Most crimes happen at night the challenge to the security professional is to ensure the video footage is effective on a 24/7 basis, 365 days a year. Night Vision is fundamental to achieving this. Wikipedia describes Night Vision as: The ability to see in a dark environment. Whether by biological or technological means, night vision is made possible by a combination of two approaches: sufficient spectral range, and sufficient intensity range. Humans have poor night vision compared to many animals. Animals can see well into the infrared and/or ultraviolet compared to humans. This brings us to: The myth of the low lux camera To address the challenges most experienced by most low lux cameras today we adopted the Johnson Criteria to describe night vision performance. The criteria provides end users a standard framework for evaluating night vision performance. 2

3 Standard framework for evaluating night vision performance Security professionals can easily achieve outstanding night vision if they understand infrared illumination. To solve the problem, night-time performance parameters must be clearly defined up front: What is the camera trying to detect? Below are four simple classifications (DCRI) which can help define customer expectations: Detection, Classification, Recognition and Identification Detection: A human-sized object is simply determined to be present Classification: An object is determined to be human as opposed to an animal or other object. Recognition: A human-sized object is determined to be a threat or non-threat based on the type of clothing worn, equipment carried, etc. Identification: A human-sized object can be positively determined to be a specific individual. 3

4 Introduction to CCTV lighting - What is light? Light is fundamental to any CCTV camera sold today. Without light no images are possible, as it is light reflected from the world around you that makes the world visible both to the human eye and to the CCTV camera. Light determines whether a subject can be viewed at all, at what distances. The quality and direction of the light controls the appearance of the subject. Light is energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation. The wavelength of light (also known as frequency) governs the color and type of light. Only a very narrow range of wavelengths from approximately 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red) is visible to the human eye. However, CCTV cameras can detect light outside the range of the human eye allowing them to be used not only with white light but also with infrared ( nm) for night-time surveillance. 4

5 Difference between white and infrared light? White light: various light sources from nm Use cases: - Illuminate an area for the CCTV system - Improve the overall level of illumination for key personnel - Provide a welcoming environment for authorized personnel - Deter crime by illuminating a secure area on intrusion - Can be used with monochrome, color and day/night cameras Infrared nm: Overt IR, produces a soft red glow nm: Semi-covert IR, produces a faint red glow just visible to the human eye nm: Covert IR, invisible to the human eye Use cases: - Provide discreet or covert illumination for CCTV cameras - Minimize light pollution - Provide very long-distance illumination - Can be used with monochrome and day/night cameras 5

6 Let s talk about infrared illumination How far does your light shine? The main problem in designing a CCTV system when incorporating infrared illumination is that infrared light cannot be measured in lux. How do you specify camera sensitivity? How do you know what will be seen at various distances? How sensitive are different cameras to infrared light? How are spectral diagrams to be interpreted and the effect of the lens? 6

7 Basic understanding of infrared illumination Infrared illumination is used to provide light over scenes that would otherwise be too dark for a camera to capture an image. It is a compromise, because the best results can only be obtained by providing sufficient white light but of course this is not always possible. In many cases, using powerful floodlights would cause a considerable nuisance and could be dangerous where there is road traffic moving toward the lights. It is also difficult to cover a large area when a pan/tilt camera is being used. In this case, illumination is only required where the camera is directed, and infrared lights provide the answer. 7

8 What is infrared light? Infrared light is a light that the human eye cannot see, but the monochrome CCTV camera can. Near infrared light is light of a longer wavelength than the visible spectrum, between 700 and 1,100 nm, just beyond the visible spectrum. It is this near infrared light that is used for CCTV purposes. As infrared light contains none of the colors visible to humans it cannot be used with color cameras. To see infrared light, monochrome or day/night cameras are needed. CCTV cameras using infrared light always provide monochrome images. Applications that require covert surveillance, or applications where even low levels of overt lighting must be avoided for reasons of light pollution, are ideal for infrared light. 8

9 What is infrared wavelength? Infrared light is a light that the human eye cannot see but that a monochrome CCTV camera can. Near infrared light is light of a longer wavelength than the visible spectrum. It is this near infrared that is used for CCTV purposes nm are the wavelengths of light that are visible to the human eye. When all these wavelengths are seen simultaneously, the eye cannot distinguish the individual wavelengths and the result is seen as white light. Therefore, white light is not one wavelength but a combination of them all. Infrared wavelengths range from nm. Typically, our product operates at the 850 nm range which emits a dull red glow. It is semi-covert and is the most common type of LED infrared wavelength. Note the charts on slides 12 and 13. 9

10 How does infrared work? Infrared waves travel in a straight line but can be affected by: Reflectance the reversal of direction that occurs at the surface of an object, i.e., a mirror. Refraction a change of the angle that occurs at the boundaries of different surfaces. Different wavelengths have different angles of refraction, i.e., a stick apparently bending in the water. Diffraction a deflection that occurs at apertures or edges of objects. Absorption color surfaces absorb some light and reflect the remainder. A black surface absorbs most of the light falling on it. Light energy is usually turned into heat, so dark materials heat up easily. Visible radiation (visible light) the range in which the sun and stars similar to it emit most of their radiation. 10

11 Understanding reflectance and absorption Reflectance: When light hits a surface it can be bounced back as reflection. The quality of the surface impacts the type of reflection. Highly textured surfaces scatter light due to tiny irregularities in the surface material, while flat surfaces such as a smooth white painted cement wall could provide a more focused reflection. Absorption: Some surfaces actually absorb light. Colored surfaces absorb some light and reflect the remainder. A black surface absorbs most of the light falling on it. The light energy is usually turned into heat, so dark materials heat up easily. For example, black paint will absorb light but a white colored cement wall could reflect approximately 40-50% light back to the source. Reflectance IR Light Absorption 11

12 Typical reflectance levels Reflectance is a measure of light reflected from surface/light incident on surface. The energy that is not reflected is absorbed and converted to heat. Low-reflectivity objects absorb a lot of energy hence the reason asphalt feels warm. The table below shows some everyday objects and their level of reflectance: Material Typical Reflectance (~%) Snow scene 85% Standard white paper 75% Aluminum 75% Glass windows 70% White cloth/fabric 65% Concrete (new) 40-50% Plasterboard 30-60% Open country (trees/grass) 20% Brickwork (new) 10-30% Brickwork (old) 5-15% Concrete (old) 5-15% Empty asphalt area 5% Materials have different reflective levels with white light and infrared light. For example, trees and grass have a very high level of reflectance to infrared light. 12

13 Visible light what the human eye sees Human vision is confined to a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum called visible light. Below shows the spectral response (visible light) of the normal human eye with luminous to radiometric conversion: Visible light color spectrum 13

14 Electromagnetic spectrum: visible and infrared light Electromagnetic Spectrum Gamma Ray X-Ray Radio Radio 730nm 1100nm Visible Light Infrared what the camera sees what the human eye sees what the camera sees 14

15 Visible light, also known as white light Measurement of white light on a scene can be simply recorded by use of a light meter. White light is measured in lux, the European standard. It is the level of illumination produced by one lumen over one square meter. In North America the foot candle is still widely used as a unit of measurement. Typical lux light levels are: Bright Sunny Day = 10, ,000 lux Overcast Day = 1,000-10,000 lux Twilight = lux Street Lighting = 5 lux Full Moon = 0.1 lux Bright, Clear, Starlight = lux 15

16 Example of indoor IR camera performance What to expect? Describing night vision performance effectively has long been a deeply confusing subject in the security industry. ~ 375 lux scene Always remember, different applications require different levels of night vision performance. True Day/Night, 20 LEDs True Day/Night, DNR, 18 LEDs Object is ~38ft away from the camera Back door is ~ 70ft Object is ~38ft away from the camera Back door is ~ 70ft 16

17 Example of outdoor IR camera performance What is light? Light is fundamental to CCTV. Without light no images are possible as it is light reflected from the world around you that makes the world visible both to the human eye and to the CCTV camera. Light and surface? To control lighting, you must understand how light changes in quality and direction when it meets a surface. The three main effects are diffusion, reflection or absorption. Often, light is affected by a combination of these effects, and all influence the quality of CCTV lighting. ~ 16K lux scene True Day/Night, 48 LEDs Front of bear den pond ~65ft away from the camera No external lighting in scene only IR lighting 17

18 Primary considerations for selecting IR cameras The lens/focal length - F-stop/aperture: The aperture or f-stop of a lens determines how much light passes through it to the camera chip. In simple terms, the lower the f-stop, the more light the lens passes. - Aspherical lenses provide improved low-light performance. Range or distance to the object: - The maximum illumination is at the center of the beam of light. This falls off toward the furthest extremity. Even levels of illumination is key: Image quality that is affected by the signal level received at the CCD sensor. Performance parameters must be clearly defined up front: What are the customer s expectations? - Detection? Classification? Recognition? Identification? 18

19 Primary considerations for selecting IR cameras Spectral response of the camera. The higher the spectral response, the better the picture. Below are two examples: True Day/Night (TDN) or Software Day/Night (SDN)? - TDN uses a removable infrared cut filter in color mode and an optical low-pass filter (OLPF) in black and white mode, guaranteeing optimal image quality at any time of day and good quality color rendering. - SDN does not use a removable infrared cut filter but typically uses an infrared notch filter. Depending on the spectral response, low light sensitivity and daytime color rendering are not as good as TDN. 19

20 Practical installation considerations Infrared and focus shift - Focus shift is a potential issue encountered when setting up camera systems for 24-hour performance using infrared. The different wavelengths of visible l nm) and infrared (700-1,000 nm) light create different focus points through the lens onto the camera chip. This can lead to a loss of image focus at night, particularly if the camera is set up during daytime operation. The degree of focus shift depends on a variety of factors: Lens quality Wavelength of the infrared light (longer wavelengths such as 950 nm will provide a more exaggerated focus shift) Infrared response of the camera Focusing the camera correctly for low light performance means the camera will be focused for infrared with the aperture fully open. During daytime operation, the increased depth of field created by a closing aperture will counter the effects of focus shift. The best solution is to focus the camera using only infrared lighting. This can be achieved by: Setting up the camera at night using infrared lighting Using an infrared pass filter over the camera lens to simulate a night-time scene 20

21 What is the Honeywell solution? The Performance Series of IR cameras IR bullet cameras - HB70 - HB71B, HB71S - HB72B, HB72S, HB72W - HB73 IR indoor mini-domes - HD60 - HD61 IR indoor/outdoor mini-domes - HD70 - HD73 21

22 What is the Honeywell solution? Night Hawk The Performance Series of IR cameras IR indoor/outdoor mini-dome - HD4DIR IR bullet cameras - HCD HCD HCD

23 Performance/Honeywell IR fixed dome difference Price 380 TVL Fixed lens Indoor 24 LEDs SDN 380 TVL VFAI Indoor 20 LEDs SDN 550 TVL Fixed lens Indoors/out 24 LEDs SDN 530 TVL VFAI Indoors/out 20 LEDs TDN OSD 540 TVL IR-corrected VFAI Indoors/out 18 high power LEDs (wide/narrow beam for even IR distribution) DNR (Digital Noise Reduction) Privacy Zones (4X) TDN 12/24 V OSD HD4DIR HD73 HD70 HD60 HD61 Night Hawk Value 23

24 Performance/Honeywell IR bullet difference Price 380 TVL 4.3 mm fixed Indoors/out 12 LEDs SDN HB TVL 6 mm fixed Indoors/out 34 LEDs SDN HB TVL 4.3 mm fixed Indoors/out 12 LEDs SDN HB TVL VFAI Indoors/out 18 LEDs TDN HB VFAI IR-corrected Indoors/out 18 high power LEDs (wide/narrow beam for even IR distribution) TDN 12/24 V Concealed video/power cable HCD VFAI IR-corrected (HCD92) 5-50 VFAI IR-corrected (HCD95) Indoors/outdoors 49 (26 HD95) high power LEDs (wide/narrow beam for even IR distribution) DNR (Digital Noise Reduction) TDN 12/24 V OSD Privacy Zone (4X) External zoom/focus adjustment Concealed video/power cable Night Hawk HCD92534 HCD95534 Value 24

25 IR fixed mini-dome camera feature comparison Fix Lens VFAI Lens Hi Res STD Res 12 VDC 12/24 V SDN TDN DNR OSD Wall Mount Option Pendant Mount Option HD60(X) HD61(X) HD70(X) HD73(X) HD4DIR(X) HDPR-WK (Wall Mount) HDPR-WK (Pendant Mount) HD4-WK (Wall Mount) 25

26 IR fixed bullet camera feature comparison MODEL Fix Lens VFAI Lens Hi Res STD Res 12 VDC 12/24 V SDN TDN DNR OSD External Adjustments Cable Concealed in mount HB70 HB71B/S HB72B/W/S HB73 HCD92534 HCD95534 HCD81484 Night Hawk 26

27 Questions? If you have questions or would like additional information, please contact Honeywell Inside Sales at