Need of Broadband Internet Access for Educational Purposes in India

Transcription

1 Need of Broadband Internet Access for Educational Purposes in India Kalyan K Mallik Jadavpur University Kolkata , India kkmallik@jdvu.ac.in

2 Objective How to provide Internet connectivity to rural sector Provide quality education Spread benefits of Information Technology in public life How to build relevant infrastructure

3 Contents Essential components of Internet Infrastructure development Background in the Indian Context Telecom Scenario in the past Telecom Sector Reforms Role of Private Sectors in Telecom Connectivity: Reaching the Unreached Technology issues Growth in the use of Internet and rural applications Case study : West Bengal Networking for Education Govt of West Bengal IT Initiative : WEBSWAN Conclusion

4 Essential components of Internet Infrastructure development Resolve Last Mile connectivity problem Select appropriate switching technology Develop strong backbone infrastructure Connect to International Gateway Develop quality ISPs Develop good IDCs Reach the rural people thro Internet Kiosks

5 Background in the Indian Context India is a country of 1 billion people It is a multi lingual country 74% of the population lives in rural areas Bridging the digital divide is a massive challenge

6 Telecom scenario in the past Scenario : mid 90s 17 million telephone 24% in 4 metro cities 1% in rural areas Investment per telephone Rs Breakeven cost per anum Rs 9000 Affordability per anum Metro city Rs Town Rs Rural areas Rs

7 Scenario started changing Backbone Network F.O SDH ring on Optical Fiber introduced Laying cost per Km reduced from Rs to Rs Microwave Point-to to-point links Data rate 8, 34, 140 Mbps, SDH1 Freq band 2, 7, 11, 13,15, 18 GHz Backbone cost reduces to Rs 1500 per telephone subscriber line

8 SDH Ring Backbone

9 Switch Technology changed Switch Technology T-S-T T switch with IN services introduced Introduced RLU, V5.1,V5.2 protocol software to enable 3 rd party access unit (AU) Introduction of RLU and RSU reduced Main exchange cost to Rs 1000 per subscriber

10 New wire-line Access Technology Introduced Wire-line Access Technology Introduction of RLU and RSU reduced length and gauge of last mile copper line to 3 4 Km Digital Loop Carrier System (DLC) further reduced copper length to m Fiber access network was considered, a better choice Last mile cable cost reduced drastically Wireless Access Technology based on CorDECT was developed for WLL applications Internet was introduced Reform of Telecom Sector started

11 Telecom Sector Reforms Telecom revolution in India was ushered in after the economy opened up and the business became globally competitive Gradual reform process through selective privatization introduced competition in value added services and NLD services Direct Exchange Lines increased many fold Opening up Cellular market unleashed real dynamism in the market million Cellular subscriber % of total users- reached by Feb, 2004 DoT was corporatised, and VSNL privatized

12 Role of Private Sectors in Telecom Participation of Reliance and Bharti in infocom business made significant impact Reliance planned to lay Root Km FO cable Introduced CDMA based limited mobility based Wireless in Local loop Bharti Laid Submarine FO cable jointly with Sing Tel

13 Reliance Network : An example Network covering over 60,000 km across 600+ cities and towns Deployed DWDM and SDH transmission technologies Switching technology deployed in the network is based on a combination of wireline and wireless switches. The backbone also has an IP architecture and uses MPLS technology to carry data on an overlay network. In addition gigabit ethernet will provide broadband services on wireline access.

14 Reliance Internet Data Centre The IDC in Mumbai houses large computing power with 300+ high-end Sunfire servers, 50+ other Servers and network equipment The servers in Mumbai deliver approximately 6500 GHz processing power, up-gradable to 10,000 GHz Provide storage of 95 terabytes on SANs which may be enhanced to 250 terabytes It would provide Internet solutions with speed up to 100 Mbps on ethernet

15 Reliance Network Map

16 Current status DWDM network is under development Above 0.1 million Root Km optical Fiber Circuit switches operational 59 million 3 International Gateway Landing Station at Mumbai, Chennai and Cochi Another to come (smw4 in 2005)

17 International Backbone Sea-me-we 3

18 Connectivity: Reaching the Unreached Rural Telephony Out of villages, villages have been covered by VPTs by January 31, 2001 Efforts are also on to cover all the villages by VPTs by this year Number of VPTs reached 0.52 million total number of DELs provided in rural areas were also increased from 6.69 million as on March 31, 2001 to million by the end of January, 2004 WLL phones (PSU & Pvt) alone reached 8.8 million by Feb,2004 Growth rate of WLL in last one year was 94.50% Total No of phones (Fixed and cellular)reached 74 million by Feb, 04 with a growth rate of 40% and tele-density reached 6.93

19 Technology This millennium experience a turn from wireline to wireless telephone networks. The technologies for last mile connectivity are essentially Wireless in Local Loop (WLL) C-DOT TDMA/PMP Satellite based telephones for remote accessible villages Wireless local loop (WLL) is becoming increasingly important for providing service to densely populated urban areas, as well as sparsely populated remote and rural areas advantages for WLL quick installation, small initial investment, cheap and easy maintenance, possibility of removing and installing the system in other places, gradual growth and expansion according to local demand Mobility in WLL is also an advantageous feature

20 WLL Access Technology (continued) Reliance introduced CDMA 2G and 3G Technology for Limited mobile communications connectivity BSNL followed it and made country wide massive CDMA based network (called Tarang) ) for both limited mobile and fixed WLL network based on IS- 95 and CDMA 2001x technology Data rate achieved in CDMA 2001x based WLL is sometimes 70kbps

21 Growth in the use of Internet and its rural applications Internet service was introduced by VSNL in August As on December 31,2001 VSNL s own customer base was 0.55 million Another 150 ISP started service and growth rate is encouraging BSNL also provides Internet account in the brand Sancharnet Also provides access to browse Internet thro dialup connectivity from any phone, a breakthrough achievement for spreading Internet in the village Reliance also provides similar service

22 Reliance WLL Network The CDMA 1X based wireless switches can provide upto 144 kbps of data rates besides SMS and MMS and voice services. Also provides an in-built connectivity to internet users anytime 2,588 Base Transceiver Stations (BTSs) across the country, for wireless network

23 WLL Installation Map

24 Internet Access Architecture using WLL (IS95/CDMA 2001x) Rural Scenario Dial up connectivity through DEL (fixed +WLL) connected to local (at nearest district exchange level at present) Remote Access server via non-blocking switching exchange RAS needs to be integrated to switches at all BTSs shortly thus minimizes circuit switch path All RASs are connected to ISP through Leased line It was possible as SDH rings have reached at Block level Subscriber density is scalable with sectoral cell size Initial cell radius is 25 Km

25 Internet Access Technology: Alternative Case Study in West Bengal Webel-ISP Model Cable TV operators infrastructure is used as distribution system MSOs develop interconnected network on FO backbone WiFi point-to to multipoint network connect MSO to Webel-ISP ISP is located close to PoP, connected thro layer-3 3 Ethernet switch and delivers Internet through the same to WiFi Good performance achieved upto 3 hops Model was found to be cost effective for semi- urban and thickly populated villages

26 Spreading connectivity and Internet in rural Sector: A novel business initiatative in West Bengal Grameen Sanchar Society (GRASSO)( Model BSNL launched the GRASSO, Wireless in Local Loop (WLL)- based public call offices in Rural Areas For the first time in India A PILOT SCHEME TROUGH BULK FRANCHISEE for rural PCO s with limited mobility and STD / ISD FACILITIES has been executed under the supervision of an NGO throughout the State of West Bengal. The West Bengal Government has agreed to facilitate the initiative and provide assistance in setting up Rural PCO s and Internet kiosks in the rural areas through GRASSO 600 PCOs are operational and profitable in this scheme GRASSO is in the process of setting up Internet Kiosks spreading across remote villages. They also plan to be ISP and provide web based service to the rural people

27 Networking for Education Networking for distance learning End user connectivity Streaming bandwidth Networking schools Institutional Intranet WAN Node Educational network

28 Spreading Internet to Remote Schools School infrastructure requirements Computers Minimum PCs, 1 Server, scanners, printers Connectivity Local area network (ethernet( 10/100Mbps) using switch or hub Modem connecting Server to the telephone/isdn/adsl/wll Contents Lessons, software Content navigation tools for teachers Coaching 3-55 trained teachers per school Infrastructure may be reused for info Kiosk purposes besides school hours ISPs with distributed infrastructure for rural portal service may deliver the educational content from Data Centres to be developed for school Use of regional language portal to be encouraged for better penetration

29 Institutional Intranet Backbone Switch DMZ Firewall Router HDSL Modem Servers HDSL Modem

30 WAN Node RAS Leased Line Routers National Backbone Gateway Digital Switch Gateway Router Internet Service Division Digital Cross Connect Dedicated FO link STM link Equipment Earth Station Euipments

31 Educational Infonet Scalable architecture to grow from Universities to affiliated colleges Terrestrial FO backbone Integrated satellite WAN support Comprehensive Network Management Data security Dedicated Data Centre Broadband multimedia and video channels for distance learning

32 Network Implementation Issues In India UGC, Inflibnet along with ERNET has developed an educational information network to serve 150 universities currently Many universities have multi campuses and affiliated colleges to be networked Broadband connectivity is the basic requirement

33 National Backbone-Educational network BSNL VSNL ERNET INFLIBNET UGCNET

34 Broadband Connectivity Technology Options Leased Line VPN solution for more than two campuses ADSL based broadband connection to come WiFi point to multipoint and point to point links development using 2.4 GHz ISM band Free Space Optics (FSO) Technology in restricted environment WiMAX may be the future solution for spreading distributed Wireless educational network backbone

35 WEBSWAN: A Govt of West Bengal IT Initiative Applications / Benefits PUBLIC Telemedicine for remote areas * Expert medical opinion * Better diagnosis & treatment * No travel Distance learning for remote areas * Seminar * Training / Spl.. Classes Broadcast / Multicast Disaster management * Flood * Cyclone * Earthquake * Draught Info Kiosk * Application/ Form downloading * On line transaction * Hospital facilities * Internet surfing * Air /Rail / Bus service * Tourism GOVT. DEPT Commercial Tax * Effective Tax collection Treasuries * Enhancement of operation efficiency Police * Law & Order * Administration Land & Land Reform Transport * Monitoring of Vehicles * Vehicle registration * Issuance of Driving License -

36 WEBSWAN Hierarchy Connectivity Growth Path State Switching Center,Kolkata (SSC) District Switching center (DSC) Subdivision Switching Center(SDSC) Block Switching Center(BSC) Already done To be done Gram Panchayat Switching Center(GPSC)

37 WEBSWAN Hierarchy SSC 1 2..DSCs18 Already done 2-7 SDSCs/DSC SDSCs 66 To be done 2-12 BSCs/SDSC BSCs GPSCs/BSC GPSCs

38 Wireless LAN from SDSC to GPSC SSC DSC Wireless Ethernet Bridge SDSC BLOCK (341) GRAM PANCHAYAT (3360) Wireless Ethernet Bridge

39 Through channelised E1 WEBSWAN LL District 64 Kbps SSC 64 Kbps SSC LL Sub-Division Router LAN switch HDSL Modem HDSL line Wireless LAN extender Block Gram Panchayat

40 Conclusion India s growth in telecommunication sector is many fold in the last decade. How perfect selection of appropriate technology reduces infrastructure cost, along with 4.35 fold growth in 6 77 years, has been discussed. Gradual Migration towards data Network has been pointed out with Reliance Network example Various technology options for distributing Internet for educational purposes, village schools and to people at large has been suggested Spreading of Internet in the schools of remote villages will be a key to transform a country to a developed nation.

41 Thank You