Living Angkor Road Project (LARP)

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1 Living Angkor Road Project (LARP) Khmer Thai Collaboration Research Project APSARA Authority Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy Fine Art Department Prince of Songkla University Silpakorn University Funding Supported By Thailand Research Fund (TRF)

Academy Fine Art Department Prince of Songkla University

2 Introduction to LARP In this project, we study the detailed of this ancient road, its utilization, the people who lived and used this ancient road, the ancient industries along this ancient road, and the culture that had disappeared, and the one that has been continue to flourish along the royal road until today. The most advance technologies were applied in the field of remote sensing, GIS, archaeology, anthropology, geo-physics. The information systems were developed to gather all information from this study for the scholars to use. In addition, the data that was developed from this project can be further utilized by the other related works in the fields of land use planning related to cultural management, tourism, etc.

The most advance technologies were applied in the field of remote sensing, GIS, archaeology, anthropology, geo-physics.

3 The Royal Road from Angkor to Phimai PrPrPr..Tep Ta Pleng Satit Pleng))) TaPleng (Nong NongTa TepSatit Satit((Nong.Tep Pr.Chhan Thailand Pr.Kok Pnov Cambodia Pr.Ampil

4 Objectives This project seeks to use advanced technologies to collect and analyze archaeological and cultural information on the people living along the ancient road. In earlier work, we identified the historic road, communication links, and human settlements of the Khmer empire between Angkor to Phimay. The current proposal seeks to conduct a further detailed study using remote sensing and GIS, together with historical, archaeological, and cultural information, in order to develop a multimedia database for the area between Angkor and Phimay. In Angkor Park, as in Thailand, research has been conducted to produce data for an ethnographic database. The systematic ethnographical survey on both sides, Cambodia and Thailand, will provide most valuable information for future studies of the region. Of course, this is the first time that such a study has taken place across the border of Thailand and Cambodia since the French conducted such a study almost 100 years ago.

The current proposal seeks to conduct a further detailed study using remote sensing and GIS, together with historical, archaeological, and cultural information, in order to develop a multimedia

5 The sub-objectives of this project are: To identify : 1. Communication networks : roads, canals together with irrigation systems from Phimay to Angkor 2. Human settlement structures along the communication network 3. Other major ancient manmade structures along the communication network, i.e. stone bridges, Dharmashala (Rest houses), Arogyashala (Hospitals), agglomerations, ancient water reservoirs or water works. w To collect : 4. Archaeological information along the buffer zone of the royal road 5. Cultural information from the local people that have been living ing in the area along the buffer zone of the royal road

w To collect : 4. Archaeological information along the buffer zone of the royal road 5.

6 To construct : Multi-media database of historical, archaeological, and cultural for the communication network, manmade major structures and human settlements along the communication network that will lead to the setting up of Digital Cultural Research Center (DCRC)

structures and human settlements along the communication network

7 Major Findings - Formerly Missing Dharmasala - Road Traces - Stone Bridges - Passages Crossing Dang Rek - Ancient Communities - Ancient Industries

8 Data Resources 1- Ancient text: Preah Khan Inscription 2- Old maps 3- Aerial photos and Satellite images 4- Archaeological remains 5- Information from field surveys

9 Ancient texts: Preah Khan Inscription

10 road; way; orbit Dharmasala (Term proposed by L. Finot)

11 Translated by Georges Coedes, 1941

12 Old maps Lunet Delajonquiere 1911

13 Ancient Maps (not to scale) (source: Royal Siamese Maps by Santanee Phasuk and Phillip Stott)

14 Detail of Ancient Maps (not to scale) (source: Royal Siamese Maps by Santanee Phasuk and Phillip Stott)

15 Aerial Photos and Satellite images Road to Phimay JICA 1997

16 Aerial Photos (not to scale)

17 Landsat ETM

18 SRTM of Ta Mean area

19 Quick Bird (not to scale))

20 Quick Bird (not to scale))

21 Remote Sensing and GIS Surveys

22 Archaeological Remains

23 Dharmasala, (Rest houses)

24 Stone Bridges

25 Water structure Water structure

27 แหล งโบราณคด ปราสาททอง แหล งต ดห นสายตร 7 เตานายเจ ยน เตาหนองจ ก แหล งโลหะกรรมหมายเลข 1 แหล งโลหะกรรมหมายเลข 8 ก โลเมตร

28 Archaeological Survey

29 Archaeological Analysis

30 Comparative Study with Pra Ruang Road

31 Comparative Study with Pra Ruang Road

32 Tested Pit 2 Geophysics Survey Magnetic Anomaly 15N 9N 6E 7.5E

33 GPR Results Line 06E Magnetic Anomaly Tested Pit 2 15N Line 07E 9N 6E 7.5E Line 08E

34 Analysis of Archaeological Evidents Ceramics in Banteay Meanchey

35 Ceramics in Banteay Meanchey

36 Ceramics in Udor Meanchey

37 Ceramics found in Udor Meanchey

38 Green and Brown Glazed Wares

39 Archaeological Analysis

40 Cultural Surveys

41 Ta Phrom Preah Khan Daily life

42 Preah Khan

43 Oh Sword; A Metal Sword! That s Special/Marvellous Sword which Metal from Kompong Svay Song recorded at Srah Srang, Angkor

46 Iron Smelting drawn by a French Scholar in late 19 th Centuries

47 Present-day Kuy In Cambodia

49 Pravay Kuy

50 Result from Current Works From the studies of this research project, we had discovered evident about the ancient road along this ancient road. The most important items are as follow: Missing Dharmashalas (chapel of rest house) Ancient laterite bridges along the ancient road in Cambodia side Ancient industry sites along the ancient road in Cambodia and Thailand sides Ancient communities along the ancient road in Cambodia and Thailand and sides

51 Dharmasala s Structure Building structure Pond Drawn by Rachna

52 Dharmasala from Angkor to Phimay Road Original List 1. Phto 2. Sampov 3. Semanteng 4. Kuk O chroeng 5. Kok Mon 6. Promkel 7. Nongplong 8. Sraepo 9. Tamean 10. Thmor 11. Banbu 12. Kok Prasat 13. Nongplong 14. Tepsnathit 15. Hueikan 16.Kuk Sila Updated List from Living Angkor Road Study 1. Sampov 2. Samanteng 3. Kuk Ach Chroeng 4. Kok Mon 5. Prom Kel 6. Prasat Ampil 7. Kok Phnau 8. Prasat Chan 9. Ta Mean 10.Thmor 11. Banbu 12. Kok Prasat 13. Nong Plong 14. Tepsanthit 15. Samrong Kao 16. Huei Ken 17. Kuk Sila

53 Distance Calculation Angkor-Dang Rek Dhamarsala Distance Time Total (d/h/m( d/h/m) Angkor-Sampov 7 km 1.45 Sampov-Samanteng Samanteng km 4.40 Samanteng-Kok Ach Chroeng km 4 Kok Ach Chroeng-Kok Mon km 4 Kok Mon-Prohm Kel km 2.50 Prohm Kel-Ampil km 5.50 Ampil-Kok Phnau km 4.45 Kok Phnau-Prasat Prasat Chan km 3.50 Average distance/time km 4 Total distance/time km

54 Distance Calculation Dang Rek-Phimay Dhamarsala Distance Time Total (d/h/m) Tamean-Thmor Thmor-Ban Bu Ban Bu-Kok Prasat Kok Prasat-Nong Plong Nong Plong-Tepsanthit Tepsanthit-Hui Ken Hui Ken-Kuk Sila Kuk Sila-Phimay Average distance/time Total distance/time Angkor-Tamean (Dang Rek) Angkor-Phimay

55 Phlov Romkel Sab, Laterite Steps

56 Missing Dharmashalas (chapel of rest house) Prasart Ampil Prasart Kok Phnov

57 Ancient Bridges

58 Ancient Industries

59 Findings in Cambodia Side Villages: 54 Temples: 56 Ancient Bridges: 32 Dharmasala: : 8 Hospital s s Chapel: 3 Possibly Industry Sites : 28 Stone Pole: 14 Resident Area: 46 Water Structures: 385

60 Developing Database

64 The Cultural Heritage Heritage is ancient properties which reflect the past creative force of human life such as monument, artifacts including intangible ible resources such as language, rituals, traditions and values. Tangible Tangible Heritage Intangible Intangible Heritage

65 Cultural structure Cultural structure and components

66 Cultural structure Culture structure, as defined by Phraya Anuman Ratchathon, former-director Director-General of the Fine Arts Department Thailand

67 Cultural structure Common living culture is a never-ending ending process

68 Development of Portal and Map server System

69 Cultural Information Example :

70 Development of 3D Modeling

71 THE ROYAL ROAD FROM ANGKOR TO PHIMAI 10 am SOAS -- May 18, 2007 LIVE VDO broadcast Lecture from THAILAND In this lecture, we presented the overview and current state of the project with live lecture from one of the excavation site in Ban Krud, Burirum province in Thailand along the royal road from Angkor to Phimai.

72 Participation from Local People Data Data Collections Technologies and Knowledge Transfer

74 Final Conclusion Key Key Points of Living Angkor Road Project Multi-disciplinary research Local Collaboration Local Knowledge Local Understanding Most Advanced Technologies Friendship

Thailand National Periodic Report. Section II. State of Conservation of Specific World Heritage Properties

Thailand National Periodic Report Section II State of Conservation of Specific World Heritage Properties Section II: State of Conservation of Specific World Heritage Properties II.1 Introduction a. State