UPS For Efficient Data Data Centers Centers

Transcription

1 UPS For Efficient Data Centers Eaton Corporation

2 Agenda (1) Introduction Basics About UPS s (2) Trends and Challenges Affecting The Power Infrastructure Of Your Data Center (3) Selecting The Right Power Infrastructure For Your Data Center (4) The Quest For Efficiencies in Data Centers: Addressing the Reliability vs. Efficiency Paradigm of UPS s

3 (1) Introduction Basics About UPS s

4 What is a UPS? UPS stands for Uninterruptible Power System Acting as an interface between the mains and sensitive applications, UPS s supply the load with continuous, high quality electrical power regardless of the status t of the mains. UPS s deliver a dependable supply voltage free from all mains disturbances, within tolerances compatible with the requirements of sensitive electronic devices. UPS can also provide this dependable voltage independently by means of a power source (battery) which is generally sufficient to ensure the safety of individuals and the installation.

5 The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again. WhydoweneedaUPS? Digital equipment (computers, telecom systems, instruments, etc.) use microprocessors that operate at frequencies of several mega or even giga Hertz, i.e. they carry out millions or even billions of operations per second. A disturbance in the electrical supply lasting just a few milliseconds can affect thousands or millions of basic operations The result may be malfunctions and loss of data with dangerous (e.g. airports, hospitals) or costly consequences (e.g. loss of production). That is why many loads, called sensitive or critical loads, require a supply that is protected against distribution system disturbances.

6 WhydoweneedaUPS? Source: CEMEP UPS European Guide

7 How does a UPS work? UPS are generally made up of three main sub- assemblies a rectifier-charger to transform the alternating current into direct current and charge the battery a set of batteries (generally lead-acid type) enabling energy to be stored and instantly recovered as required over a 5 to 30 minutes period, or even more an inverter to convert this direct voltage into an alternating voltage that is perfectly regulated and filtered in terms of voltage and/or frequency

8 How does a UPS work? Line Interactive On Line Double Conversion

9 The 3 UPS Topologies Passive stand-by ("Off-Line") Basic UPS for applications for slightly disturbed environments E.g. individual PCs & their peripherals, home entertainment Line interactive Standard & most efficient UPS for IT applications For slightly disturbed environments in terms of frequency, but accepting voltage fluctuations networked PCs, Servers network peripherals (printers, external disks, routers, etc.) Double conversion ("On-Line") For disturbed environments, in terms of voltage, frequency, harmonics, micro-outages and outages Critical servers & Datacenters Telecommunications Medical applications (scanners, IMR, etc.) Disturbed industrial environments, emergency lighting, etc.

10 3-5-9 Concept 1. Power Failure 6. Switching Transient concept 3 Off-Line 5 Line Interactive 9 On-Line Double Conversion 2. Power Sag 7. Line Noise 3. Power Surge 4. Undervoltage 3 8. Frequency Variation 9. Harmonic Distortion 5. Overvoltage 5 9

11 (2) T d d Ch ll Aff ti Th (2) Trends and Challenges Affecting The Power Infrastructure Of Your Data Center

12 Past Data Center Power Deployment

13 Why Is Power More Important Today? Protecting Hardware Equipment Protecting Data Loss and Corruption Protecting Continuity it of Service Industrial Economy Digital Economy Services Economy

14 The Power of IT First generation power thinking If the power ain t there, you ain t there. I need a UPS, I need a generator. Power is a binary state: it s either ON or OFF. Power presence

15 Real Power Just because you have power, doesn t mean you ve got good power It s only the beginning! g Power is not a binary thing Difference bet een reacting to a Difference between reacting to a catastrophe and preventing a catastrophe

16 The Power of IT Second generation power thinking I will have power How good is the conditioned power behind my UPS? How good is the unconditio ned power in front of my UPS? Power quality What damage can I prevent if I knew what to look for? How much energy am I consumi ng?

17 You Monitor CPU, Storage

18 Incremental Evolution If the power ain t there, you ain t there. I need a UPS, I need a generator. Power is a How good is How good is I will have What damage How much binary the the unconditioned power can I prevent if energy state: it s conditioned I knew what to either ON power behind power in front am I look for? consuming? or OFF. my UPS? of my UPS? To drive additional 9 s into the reliability equation More and more detailed visibility will be required With more and more expertise required

19 Today s Data Center Infrastructure

20 Energy efficiency Market Trends Energy usage in data center has grown 2 3x in the last three years Through 2009, energy costs have emerged as the second- highest operating cost (behind labor) in 70% of DC facilities worldwide* Corporate responsibility to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is on the rise Flexibility / scalability Moves, adds and changes (MAC) are the norm in any data center, where change is the only constant Ability to scale support infrastructure with growth of IT equipment is increasing * Source: Gartner; Meeting the DC power and cooling challenge

21 Technology Advances High density blade servers and rack mounted storage arrays Being promoted as the saviors of the modern day space constrained data center manager Virtualization of IT applications Can increase server utilization from an average of 15% to over 80% Virtualization of disc storage Can allow much higher utilization of the attached storage, therefore reducing the number of discs required Data center consolidation Can reduce operations costs, freeing up capital for additional IT technology

22 Technology Challenges Increased power density Most traditional data centers constructed t 3 to 10 years ago were engineered to accommodate 3-5 kw/rack; the new technologies can pack in IT equipment with a power and heat load as high as 30 kw per rack. Dynamic virtualization environments Can force loads around different areas of the data center, stressing the environment even further Dealing with existing infrastructure Older power (UPS system) and cooling system products are much less efficient than newer systems - contributing to the problem

23 Power On You require more efficient power and cooling systems, reducing operational costs, and allowing you to re-invest savings in improving your business You need more flexible systems to allow you to more easily change your IT environment to meet the business needs You need higher reliability and availability It s not acceptable to be off line as the business requires the systems to be on-line to survive Power & cooling systems should be redundant d & expandable to N+x Interoperability of all equipment is a must, ensuring seamless deployment and operation of new systems Physical space on the data center floor or in the building is very expensive - so power and cooling systems must be highly efficient in size as well as performance

24 (3)S l ti Th Ri htp (3) Selecting The Right Power Infrastructure For Your Data Center

25 ide Computer Room Outside Computer Room Strip (epdu) / Rack Power Distribution Large Data Centers >100 Racks Mid Size Data Centers 20 to 100 Racks Size Matters 1-10kVA UPS 10 60kVA UPS 60 Distributed UPS kva UPS > 200 kva UPS Zone UPS Centralized UPS In the Rack Insi Rack Power Floor/ Small Data Centers 5 to 20 Racks Wiring Closets / Server Room 1 to 5 Racks

26 Size Matters Centralized Scalable for buildouts Ongoing maintenance is simplified UPS Centralized UPS Computer Room Zone Scales with computer room growth Maintenance more intensive than centralized UPS UPS UPS Zone UPS Computer Room Rack Mounted Provides ultimate scalability Limits impact of UPS failure to an enclosure(s) For high h density areas of your data center UP SUP UP SUP SUP SUP SUP SUP SUP S SUP S Rack Mounted Computer Room

27 Many Other Factors To Consider A range of factors must be taken into account when selecting the right power infrastructure for your data center Number of racks Small data center, computer room, network closet: (<20 racks) Medium data center: ( racks) Large data center: (100+ racks) Power density per rack Low density (1-4 kw/rack) Medium density (5 9 kw/rack) High density (10-15 kw/rack) Ultra High density (>15kW/rack) Data center availability (Uptime Institute) Tier I (basic) Tier II (redundant N+1 components) Tier III (concurrently maintainable) Tier IV (fault tolerant) Every data center is unique based on business needs

28 A Typical Large Data Center Bus A Bus B Generators Incoming Service Gear UPS Server racks Substation Transformers Fire Suppression Cooling Operations Center Security Access

29 Example Of Large Data Center Project Sentrum Data Center Woking, UK Chillers UPS Data Suite Generators

30 In A Nutshell There are a lot of technology changes going on that can effect today s data center design The only thing common in two Datacenters is the increasing complexity and number of components Power remains a critical component Monitoring, Data, and Management puts you in Control And don t forget Services

31 (4) The Quest For Efficiencies in Data Centers: (4) The Quest For Efficiencies in Data Centers: Addressing the Reliability vs. Efficiency Paradigm of UPS s

32 Still Growing Demand Economic downturn has significantly impacted the data centre market Postponed investments and projects in many companies However, projects haven t been cancelled Many of them are being released this year Market drivers for power-hungry society still valid today Growing demand for highly available and reliable power in our online everything societies IT is not limited to businesses anymore Intrinsic i to every aspect of our society Increasing demand for highly efficient and reliable power in data centers Availability and its targeted "five 9s 9 s" remain the number one requirement when selecting the appropriate UPS Increasing need for power and increasing cost of power Energy efficiency shifting from "nice-to-have" to "need-to-have Small % of efficiency brings tremendous savings

33 Availability Remains At The Top Uptime and quest for five 9 s remain a key focus for data center managers When selecting UPS s for data centers, double-conversion has been the reference to achieve highest level of reliability 1. Power Failure 6. Switching Transient concept 3 Off-Line 5 Line Interactive 9 On-Line Double Conversion 2. Power Sag 7. Line Noise 3. Power Surge 4. Undervoltage 3 8. Frequency Variation 9. Harmonic Distortion 5. Overvoltage 5 9

34 Energy Efficiency from nice-to-have to need-to-have Energy costs and regulatory compliance will continue to place organizations at risk Social, economic and regulatory pressures to reduce carbon emissions and energy costs globally Increasing Energy Costs Through 2009, Energy costs will emerge as the second highest operating cost (behind labor) in 70% of the Data Center facilities worldwide (source: Gartner) Cost to run a data center > than cost to finance it initially Sustainability 80% of CEO s view sustainability as impacting brand value (source: 2008, McKinsey) 31% say they want to reduce their environmental impact (source: 2008, McKinsey) IT accounts for 2% of the global CO2 emissions, as much as the airline industry (source: 2008, IBM, UK) Regulations 82% of executives expect some form of climate change regulation within 5 years (source: 2008, McKinsey) European Union Code of Conduct for Data Centers UK Carbon Reduction Commitment (2010)

35 Addressing Reliability vs. Efficiency Paradigm The key challenge for Data Center managers How to achieve higher efficiencies without compromising reliability Historical trade-off Double-conversion: maximum level of protection at a cost Other legacy modes: compromise on reliability The solution = two new game-changing UPS technologies Variable Module Management System (VMMS) Maximized efficiency in double conversion mode Both in single- and multi-ups systems applications Energy Saver System (ESS) The ultimate savings: 99% efficiency Automatic fast transfer to double conversion mode when needed (in less than 2 ms) Higher System Efficiency g y y No Compromise On Data Center s Reliability

36 Variable Module Management System In double conversion mode, the efficiency of any UPS varies F depending on the % of load A C Highest efficiency when close to full capacity T UPS systems rarely loaded at full capacity S This is the fact in redundant d systems as used in most data centers C H A L L E N G E How to maximize efficiency potential of UPS systems with lighter loads

37 Variable Module Management System How to maximize efficiency with lighter loads in double conversion mode Especially in multi-ups and redundant system configurations Solution #1 (basic) Concentrate load on certain UPS s to maximize UPS load level and overall system efficiency Some energy savings Limited to multiple-ups systems (with several UPS in parallel) Still not optimal Solution #2 (more advanced & efficient) Automatically optimize efficiency at UPM level VMMS Concentrate the load on certain UPM s to maximize overall system efficiency Only ypossible on modular UPS s Not limited to multiple-ups systems Achieve even higher optimization thanks to UPM s modularity

38 Variable Module Management System VMMS Principle Example With Same Load Applied To Different Multi-UPS Configurations

39 Variable Module Management System VMMS Principle Maximizes % load of each UPM Optimizing overall system efficiency 100% System Efficiency gain thanks modular UPS design with VMMS capability 90% 80% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% % load of each UPM in Case1 when using UPS without VMMS % load of each active UPM in Case3 when using VMMS

40 Variable Module Management System VMMS Benefits Maximized efficiency in double conversion mode higher efficiency Typical applications where VMMS is particularly efficient Redundant N+1 and 2N systems UPS s Lightly loaded: d typically operate at loads < 45% load level l where efficiency is not optimal Data Centers, especially when UPS system feeds dual corded servers Any applications when load is not constant

41 Energy Saver System Energy Saver System Principle Until recently, upper limit for UPS energy efficiency in doubleconversion ~96% For 1 EUR spent on utility power, three to seven cents of it was used or dissipated as heat by the UPS In developed countries, utility power is within industry specifications most of the time Complete power conditioning is needed only rarely Yet traditional double conversion UPS s continuously process utility power, converting it from AC to DC and back to AC again Dissipating heat and wasting power at every stage. Energy Saver System technology delivers 99% efficiency by intelligently adapting to utility power conditions and operating in energy-saving mode most of the time Offering double-conversion protection when your load needs it As quickly as it needs it

42 Energy Saver System Energy Saver System engages modules according to input power Input Power Quality within out of rectifier load tolerance Active Modules +10% 45Hz 47Hz +10% -10% 53Hz 55Hz % at nominal voltage 400V/50Hz Superior detection and transition technology

43 Energy Saver System Latest innovation in the area of UPS Providing the highest h reliability with the highest h efficiency i UPS power converter stages adapt operation to provide optimum load availability and energy efficiency With advanced DSP (Digital Signal Processing) controls, power conversion stages are shifted into gear only when needed What ESS does Maximizes efficiency when the input is within the acceptable voltage and frequency window 99% efficiency over wide load range - above 20% load Maximizes performance when the input is outside the window Full voltage and frequency independency available in just 2ms UPS seamlessly transitions through different operating modes as needed only possible with transformer-free topologies

44 Energy Saver System ESS Efficiency 99% across the complete operating range 85% reduction in losses compared to legacy transformer-based UPS Continuous power tracking and proprietary DSP algorithms combined with transformer free design topology ensures critical loads are always protected 100% 99% efficiency even at lower load levels thanks to ESS System efficiency 90% Typical Operations Double-conversion efficiency of leading UPS s 80% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% % load

45 Energy Saver System The bottom line ESS drives the UPS losses close to zero The energy savings from ESS typically recovers 100% of the UPS cost over a 3-5 year period At 250kW of critical load, the savings is equivalent to per year per point of efficiency gain Calculation is based on 60% DCiE and CO2 emissions at 400g/kWh medium European level

46 Energy Saver System Some form of multi-mode capability has been available on UPS s for years However, conventional multi-mode UPS s have their limitations Trade-off between reliability and efficiency What differentiates ESS from traditional ECO-Mode Conventional ECO-mode is accomplished in one of two ways Power the load with Bypass Utility and wait for the UPS to start, sync, and transfer to double conversion mode when disturbances occur Long transition times to inverter Operate in line interactive mode with the inverter running for faster transitions to double conversion mode Increased power losses resulting in reduced efficiency ESS solves both issues It provides best possible efficiency, and instantaneous transfer to double conversion when needed

47 Closing thoughts Utility costs now account for 20 to 30 percent of data center operating costs. A million Euros worth of servers that was purchased in 2009 will consume 1.2 million in electricity over a three-year operating life a figure that will only increase with rising utility rates 1 The good news is that new, high-efficiency, multi-mode UPS s can dramatically reduce the costs and environmental impact of powering the business More efficient allocation of power Reduced utility bills and total operating cost Achieve more with available power and cooling systems delaying the point where those systems would have to be upgraded or replaced Sources: 1. Underlying figures from The Invisible Crisis in the Data Center: The Economic Meltdown of Moore s Law, Uptime Institute, 2007

48 Any questions?