How To Identify A Rare Species Of Sawfly

Transcription

1 ANNALES HISTORICO-NATURALES MUSEI NATIONALIS HUNGARTCT Tomus 67. Budapest New Sawfly Species in the Hungarian Fauna (Hymenoptera, Symphyta), I. by L. ZOMBORI, Nagykovácsi Abstract Ten sawfly species new to the Hungarian fauna are discussed briefly ; the description of a new subspecies Monoctenus obscuratus ssp. intermedins ssp. n. is given. The status of Apethymus ustus KL. sp. rev. is treated in detail. With 10 figures. In the past 60 or 70 years only sporadic papers have appeared on the sawfly fauna of the Carpathian Basin (sensu MÓCZÁR et al. 1972), and even fewer on that of Hungary. Mo- CSÁRY ( ), the greatest Hungarian symphytologist published a list of Hymenoptera (1897a) collected in the Carpathian Basin and preserved in the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest; this list is still a very useful source of information. After the publication of this important work the various papers have only been comprised of lists of species captured in different parts of the country. Most of them generally treated local faunas, which areas today fall outside Hungarian territory (some of the more important contributions are MOCSÁRY 1897b, 1910, 1912; CHYZER 1901; STRÓBL 1901; Zi- LAHI-KISS 1904, 1915; SZILÁDY 1906, 1914, 1918; KISS & OLASZ 1907; SCHIN 1909; MÜL LER 1922 ; L. MÓCZÁR 1941 ; ZOMBORI 1967 ; further references are found in ZOMBORI 1974a). Those bearing reference to present-day Hungary are perhaps just as scare (e.g., VELLAY 1899; VÁNGEL 1905; M. MÓCZÁR & RENTER 1907; M. MÓCZÁR 1911; P. PILLICH 1918; L. PILLICH 1930; PONGRÁCZ 1936; L. MÓCZÁR 1938a, 1938b, 1941a, 1941b; ZILAHI SE BESS 1939; ZOMBORI 1968, 1969, 1973a, 1973b, 1974a, 1974b). These papers are important faunis tically since some of the collections upon which the lists of material were based are now either unavailable or certain species became destroyed in one way or another. The example set by his predecessors motivated the author to briefly discuss a few species, most of which have recently been collected and identified, new to the fauna of Hungary, and include two rare genera new to the Carpathian Basin. Comparative study has revealed that one species which was expected to occur in Hungary (MÓCZÁR & ZOM BORI 1973) is represented in fact by a subspecies in our fauna and it is described as new to science. The species are treated in systematic order. 1. Monoctenus obscuratus ssp. intermedius ssp. n. (Figs. 1 2) The species of Monoctenus are not common and since they live on Juniperus cause no appreciable damage so far as man is concerned. In Hungary only a few specimens of Monoctenus juniperi L." have been caught, and M. obscuratus HTG. was forcast for the country (MÓCZÁR & ZOMBORI 1973). However, a thorough study of the true juniperi and obscuratus has shown that among the specimens housed in the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, only one male juniperi comes from Hungary, whereas the other Hungarian specimens belong to obscurcdus and represent not the typical race but a new subspecies ; this was made certain by a long series of females and males recently collected in the Bakony Mountains. Hereunder, only the most important characteristics are given in order to distinguish the new subspecies from the nominal form.

2 F e m a 1 e. Entirely black, apart from yellow knees, tibiae and bases of basitarsi. Wings uniformly infuscate, stigma black, except its dark brown bay. Middle of mesepisternum with strongly raised hump (Fig. 1). Cenchri far from each other, farther than width of one. Scutellum in front marked off by wide and deep grooves and continued backwards to downturned portion of postnotum in very narrow and shallow grooves (proportion at least 2:1; Fig. 2). M a 1 e. It is coloured much the same as the female, but in body somewhat more slender. The typical race has first four legs brown, hind legs black; stigma uniformly brown ; mesepisternum only weakly humped (Fig. 3) ; cenchri closer together than width of one; deep scutellar grooves short, about as long as shallow ones (Fig. 4). Penis valve not distinguishable (Fig. 5). The new subspecies is somewhere between M. o. obscuratus HTG. and M. juniperi L. as far as the coloration of the two species is concerned. Holotype 9 : Fenyőfő, V. 3, leg. ZOMBORI" on Juniperus communis L. Paratypes: Fenyőfő, V. 3, leg. ZOMBORI", 6 9, 17 rf, Fenyőfő, V. 4, leg. ZOMBORI," 1 9, 1 çf. Fenyőfő, V. 4, leg. TÓTH," 2 9, 2 0*. Csepel, 1897, leg. PAVEL," 1 9. Bakonyporva, V. 12, leg. SzT. IVÁNY", 1 9^ Csévharaszt, V. 12, leg. MIHÁLYI," 1 9, i wood of Juniperus communis L. Bugac, IV. 28, n a leg. ERDŐS (coll. DR. J. ERDŐS)," I }. Zamárdi f., B. part, V. I. leg. Móczár L., Juniperus, homokpart" (sandy shore), 7 rf. The holotype and the paratypes from Csepel, Bakonyporva, Csévharaszt and Bugac, all females, seven males from Zamárdi and two males from Fenyőfő are deposited in the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest (HNHM)*, while all the other paratypes from Fenyőfő are preserved in the Bakonyi Természettudományi Múzeum, Zirc (BTMZ)*. For easier access the holotype receives an inventory number (Hym. Typ., No. 2923), the paratypes the subsequent numbers (Hym. Typ., No ). The representatives of the new subspecies were collected at low altitudes (150, 300, c. 500 m a. s. 1.) only. The comparative material of M. o. obscuratus HTG. originated from higher altitudes ( Tatra Mts., Tirol, Fürstenberg, well above 1000 m), thus, the present taxon may be considered to be a geographical subspecies living at lower altitudes. Figs. 1,3. Monoctenus obscuratus ssp. intermedius ssp. n.: 1 = mesopleuron, 3 = front scutellar furrow. Figs. 2,4 5. Monoctenus obscuratus obscuratus HTG.: 2 = mesopleuron, 4 = front scutellar furrow, 5 = penis valve. Fig. 6. Gall of Hoplocampoides xylostei GlR. Figs Apethymus serotinus MÜLL.: 7 = sawsheath laterally, 8 = sawsheath from above. Figs Apethymus ustus Kx.: 9 = sawsheath laterally, 10 = sawsheath from above. Henceforth the names of the museums where the respectives specimens are deposited will be abbreviated and generally placed in brackets after the discussion of the species.

3 2. Heterarthrus ochropoda ( K E X J G, ) I t i s r e f e r r e d t o i n v a r i o u s p a p e r s a s a c o m p a r a t i v e l y rare species; a n d has never been recorded f r o m H u n g a r y. T h e r e was o n l y one female e x e m p l a r i n t h e H N H M f r o m,, S z i g e t s z e n t m i k l ó s I V. 30 (coll. E. CSIKI)". O n t h e 5 t h o f J u l y, , t h e p r e s e n t a u t h o r c o l l e c t e d 3 6 l e a v e s o f Populus tremula L. f r o m a small p l a n t a t i o n outside Farmos. A l l the leaves had been m i n d e d b y sawfly l a r v a e. O u t o f t h e a b o v e n u m b e r, 28 l a r v a e w e r e able t o c o m p l e t e t h e i r l a s t stage o f d e v e l o p m e n t a n d accordingly each o f t h e m spun a circular cocoon o f 8 10 m m i n diameter. The b r o w n cocoons were s p u n (5 10 days after collecting the mines) w i t h i n the m i n e w i t h o u t i n j u r i n g t h e surface o f t h e leaf. T h e leaves w e r e l e f t u n d i s t u r b e d i n a j a r h a l f f i l led w i t h soil f r o m t h e o r i g i n a l locality. T h e first i m a g o a p p e a r e d o n t h e 2 5 t h o f A p r i l, 1974, t h e l a s t o n t h e 5 t h o f M a y. F r o m t h e 28 c o c o o n s 27 i m a g i n e s c o m p r i s i n g 22 f e m a l e s a n d 5 m a l e s e m e r g e d t h r o u g h a s m a l l c i r c u l a r b o l e (c. 2 m m i n d i a m e t e r ). I t is i n t e r e s t i n g t o note t h a t no parasitic H y m e n o p t e r a emerged. (HNHM). 3. Aneugmenus padi ( L I N N É, ) F e r n - l i v i n g s a w f l i e s a r e r a r e l y encountered i n t h e fauna o f H u n g a r y. T h i s m a y be due t o the relative scarcity o f t h i s host-plant, b u t p r o b a b l y also due t o t h e i n s u f f i c i e n t n u m b e r o f c o l l e c t i n g t r i p s t o those areas w h e r e i t is l i k e l y t o be f o u n d. E x t r a - H u n g a r i a n localities i n the C a r p a t h i a n Basin were g i v e n o n l y b y a f e w a u t h o r s ( M O C S Á R Y a ; C H Y Z E R ; M Ü L L E R ). L. MÓCZÁR ( b ) a l s o p u b l i s h e d A. padi (= stramineipes K L. ) f r o m K ő s z e g, b u t t h e i d e n t i f i c a t i o n p r o v e d t o b e i n c o r r e c t a n d h i s s p e c i e s t u r n e d o u t t o b e A. coronatus K L. a l s o a r a r e s p e c i e s. T h e f i r s t s p e c i m e n o f A. padi L. w a s s e c u r e d i n t h e M e c s e k M o u n t a i n s ( 7. V I , l e g. MÓCZÁR). R e c e n t l y a f e m a l e s p e c i m e n w a s c o l l e c t e d i n t h e B a k o n y M o u n t a i n s, n e a r t h e v i l l a g e o f F e n y ő f ő ( 3 r d M a y, , l e g. ZOMBORI), w h e n a r a t h e r s c a n t y s t a n d o f Pteridium aquilinum ( L. ) K U H N was swept b y a net. ( H N H M, BTMZ). 4. Atoposelandria fuerstenbergensis ( K O N O W ) T h i s s p e c i e s a l s o f e e d s o n f e r n s» a n d is k n o w n t o t h e p r e s e n t a u t h o r o n l y t h r o u g h a f e w s p e c i m e n s. A c c o r d i n g t o t h e l i t e r a t u r e, i t is a v e r y ' r a r e s p e c i e s ( E N S L I N ; OCHOVTSEV 1951). I n early M a y one female specimen was collected i n t h e B a k o n y M o u n t a i n s i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f t h e v i l l a g e o f F e n y ő f ő ( 3 r d M a y, 1974, leg. ZOMBORI), w h e n a s m a l l s t a n d o f Pteridium aquilinum (L.) K U H N was swept b y a net. A s f a r as t h e a u t h o r is a w a r e, t h e a b o v e g e n u s a n d species h a v e n e v e r b e e n r e c o r d ed f r o m t h e C a r p a t h i a n B a s i n, thus, b o t h t a x a are considered t o be n e w t o t h i s geogra phical region. ( B T M Z ). 5. Strongylogaster xanthocera ( S T E P H E N S, ) A g a i n a s p e c i e s a t t a c h e d t o f e r n s. T h i s r a t h e r elongate, l o c a l l y p e r h a p s c o m m o n species h a s n o t b e e n f o u n d i n H u n g a r y b e f o r e. I t o c c u r s o n l y s p o r a d i c a l l y i n E u r o p e, a n d i n t h e C a r p a t h i a n B a s i n i t is k n o w n f r o m one l o c a l i t y o n l y (Nagyszeben Hermannstadt = Sibiu) i n Transylvania (MÜLLER 1922). T h e f i r s t l o c a l i t y i n H u n g a r y is a t F e n y ő f ő i n t h e B a k o n y M o u n t a i n s ( 3 r d M a y, , l e g. ZOMBORI), w h e r e o n e m a l e s p e c i m e n w a s c a p t u r e d w h i l e s w e e p i n g a s m a l l s t a n d o f Pteridium aquilinum ( L. ) K U H N. O n t h e f o l l o w i n g d a y, d r i z z l i n g w i t h r a i n, a n o t h e r m a l e s p e c i m e n w a s s i n g l e d b y h a n d f r o m t h e s t e m o f a P. aquilinum ( 4 t h M a y, 1974, leg. TÓTH). ( B T M Z ). 6. Athalia S c u t e l l a r i a e C A M E R O N, A m o n g t h e Athalia t h i s i s o n e o f t h e s m a l l e s t species. I t s m a i n c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s d i s t i n g u i s h i n g i t f r o m t h e o t h e r E u r o p e a n species i n t h e g e n u s i s t h a t i t h a s a n i n n e r t o o t h o n t h e c l a w s. T h e o t h e r Athalia- h a v e s i m p l e c l a w s. A p p a r e n t l y i t is a w i d e l y d i s t r i b u t e d t a x o n i n E u r o p e, i t s n o m i n a l f o r m s p r e a d i n g as f a r as W e s t A s i a. S i n c e, h o w e v e r, E N S L I N d i d n o t r e c o g n i z e i t as a v a l i d species, i t h a d not been reported f r o m H u n g a r y. I n the past t e n years the present a u t h o r identified several thousands o f Athalia f r o m H u n g a r y a n d f o u n d o n l y o n e m a l e s p e c i m e n o f Scutellariae in the collection of B T M Z. I t w a s t a k e n near t h e shore o f L a k e B a l a t o n, at B a l a t o n a l m á d i : B u d a t a v a (10. V I I I. 1973, leg. TÓTH). 7. Protemphytus perla ( K L U G, ) T h i s p e c u l i a r l y c o l o u r e d, d e l i c a t e s p e c i e s h a s has never been t a k e n i n H u n g a r y before, t h o u g h, a p p a r e n t l y i t h a d been f o u n d i n E u r o p e in several countries. One male specimen was collected b y a Malaise-trap, erected i n a b i r c h - w o o d, a t C s é v h a r a s z t (collecting site allocated w i t h i n the I n t e r n a t i o n a l Biological Programme), o n t h e 2 9 t h M a y, , l e g. MÓCZÁR. ( H N H M ). A s i m i l a r l y c o l o u r e d species w a s r e c e n t l y d e s c r i b e d b y B O K O T E Y (1962) f r o m t h e

4 C a r p a t h i a n B a s i n u n d e r t h e n a m e o f Ametastegia carpatica, C H O V T S E V b e l o n g s t o t h e g e n u s o f Taxonus H T G. (personal w h i c h according communication). t o ZHELO- 8. Hoplocampoides xylostei ( G I R A T J D, 1 8 G 3 ) T h i s s m a l l, r a t h e r o b s c u r e, m o s t l y b l a c k species c o m e s f o r w a r d b u t v e r y r a r e l y. T h e present a u t h o r h a s n e v e r seen a d u l t s, o n l y g a l l s ( F i g. 6 ), d e v e l o p i n g o n Lonicera xylosteum L. T h e s p e c i e s w a s r e c e n t l y r e c o r d e d f r o m Czechoslovakia (BENES 1969) a n d t r e a t e d i n d e t a i l, w i t h i t st a x o n o m i e p o s i t i o n dis cussed. T h e o n l y k n o w n l o c a l i t y o f occurrence i n H u n g a r y is B a k o n y b é l ( A r b o r e t u m ) i n t h e B a k o n y M o u n t a i n s. S e v e n galls w e r e c o l l e c t e d o n t h e 1 6 t h o f J u n e, b y AMBRUS. T h i s is t h e f i r s t t i m e t h a t t h e species is r e p o r t e d f r o m H u n g a r y. ( H N H M, B T M Z ). 9. Kaliofenusa ulini ( S U N D E W A L L, ) T h i s s m a l l, b l a c k s p e c i e s b e l o n g i n g t o the subfamily Blennocampinae w a s first reported t o occur i n t h e Carpathian Basin b y MOCSÁRY (1897a) a t B u c c a r i ( t o d a y B a k a r, Y u g o s l a v i a ). T w e n t y - f i v e y e a r s l a t e r M Ü L L E R (1922) also r e c o r d e d i t i n a list o f sawflies f r o m T r a n s y l v a n i a. N o o t h e r reference was k n o w n f r o m this region., T h e p r e s e n t a u t h o r c o l l e c t e d s o m e l e a v e s f r o m Ulmus i n f e s t e d b y s a w f l y l a r v a e ( N a g y k o v á c s i, 22nd M a y, 1973). T h elarvae c o n t i n u e d feeding w i t h i n t h e leaves (placed o n m o i s t soil i n a jar) f o r 3 5 d a y s m o r e, t h e n disappeared f r o m t h e m i n e s l e a v i n g a n e x i t hole o n t h e upper e p i d e r m i s ; a p p a r e n t l y t h e y entered t h e soil t o p u p a t e. A l m o s t a y e a r later, o n t h e 5 t h o fa p r i l, 1974 t h e first a d u l t emerged, followed b y t h r e e m o r e i m a gines o n t h e 10th o fa p r i l. T h e f o u r specimens were a l l females. T h e soil t h e n w a s washed a n d a m o n g t h e open a n d e m p t y cocoons a n i n t a c t one w a s also f o u n d inside w h i c h w a s a d e a d f e m a l e s p e c i m e n, w h o s e w i n g s h a d n o t y e t d e v e l o p e d. T h i s is t h e f i r s t t i m e t h a t t h e species is r e c o r d e d f r o m H u n g a r y. ( H N H M ) Messa hortulana ( K L U G, ) T h e s p e c i e s i s f o u n d t h r o u g h o u t E u r o p e, t h o u g h i t is v e r y s e l d o m collected. T h i s, s m a l l, b l a c k species c o l o u r e d w i t h pale y e l l o w h a s n e v e r been recorded f r o m t h ecarpathian Basin. T h e p r e s e n t a u t h o r c o l l e c t e d l e a v e s f r o m Populus nigra L. i n w h i c h s a w f l y l a r v a e w e r e feeding ( N a g y k o v á c s i, 2 2 n d M a y, 1973). T e nd a y s later t h e larvae a b a n d o n e d t h e i r m i n e s a n d b u r r o w e d i n t o t h e soil, w i t h i n a j a r. O f t h e s e v e n l a r v a e o n l y o n e f e m a l e spe c i m e n emerged o n t h e 1 8 t h o f A p r i l, T h u s, n o t o n l y is i t n e w t o H u n g a r y, b u t also t o t h e Carpathian Basin. ( H N H M ) Profenusa pygmaea ( K L U G, ) I n t h e c l a s s i c a l h a n d b o o k s t h i s s p e c i e s i s recorded t o h a v e a d i s t r i b u t i o n m a i n l y i n n o r t h e r n a n d western E u r o p e. Since t h e occur r e n c e o f t h i s t a x o n h a s n e v e r b e e n p u b l i s h e d f o r t h e C a r p a t h i a n B a s i n, t h i s is t h e f i r s t t i m e t h a t P. pygmaea is r e c o r d e d f o r t h i s g e o g r a p h i c a l r e g i o n, i n c l u d i n g H u n g a r y. There a r e t h r e e localities, a l l i n t h e B a k o n y M o u n t a i n s, w h e r e t h e species h a s been c o l l e c t e d s o f a r :,, B a k o n v, M o g y o r ó s, 2 2. "V , l e g. M Ó C Z Á R, " 1 $.,, M á r k ó, M e n y e k e, 29. V. 1959, leg. PAPP," 1 $ ; S ü m e g, S a r v a l y, 4 8. V. 1968, leg. PAPP," 3 9. ( B T M Z ) Apethymus ustus ( K L U G, ) s p. r e v. A u t h o r s g e n e r a l l y c o n s i d e r t h e n a m e s y n o n y m o u s w i t h A. serotinus M Ü L L., o r a t m o s t d i s c u s s i t o n l y a s a v a r i e t y o f t h e l a t t e r species. T h i s a t t i t u d e m a y b e d u e t o t w o closely r e l a t e d f a c t o r s : 1. t h e r e is n o t e n o u g h c o m p a r a t i v e m a t e r i a l a v a i l a b l e, 2. as a d i r e c t r e s u l t o f 1., t h e r e h a s b e e n i n s u f f i c i e n t opportunity t o compare t h e t w o taxa. T h efollowing table o f comparison clearly shows t h a t a t least i n 11 characteristics t h e t w o t a x a differ f r o m each other. These p o i n t s stron g l y s u g g e s t t h a t K L U G w a s r i g h t i n d e s c r i b i n g ustus a s a v a l i d s p e c i e s, a c c o r d i n g l y, i t i s p r o p o s e d t h a t t h e t w o n a m e s b e u s e d i n d e p e n d e n t l y, e a c h t o d e n o t e a v a l i d species. ustus A. serotinus M Ü L L. 1. b o d y 2. l o w e r o u t e r orbit 3. a n t e n n a 4. m e s o p l e u r o n 5. post o c e l l a r area A. ustus KL. slender, b l a c k - w h i t e white flecked robust, yellow-black entirely black j o i n t s 1 5 b l a c k, b a s a l 1/2 o f 6 t h b l a c k, a p i c a l 1/2 w h i t e. 7 9 w h i t e entirely covered w i t h irregular w r i n k l e s s t r e w n w i t h large shallow punctures limited b y straight furrows, slightly diverging toward occiput 1 5 b l a c k, basal 1/5 o f 6 t h b l a c k, a p i c a l 4/5 w h i t e, 7 8 w h i t e, 9 t h black smooth with minute punctulation, only extreme upper corner w i t h some large, shallow punctures both furrows evenly arching

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