Affiliation: Western Illinois University Emergency Management Program 1 University Circle, Room 402 Stipes Hall Macomb, Illinois 61455

Transcription

1 2013 Sustainable Disaster Recovery Conference Presentation November 2013 Work Prepared for: St. Louis University Center for Sustainability, Greensburg Green Town, and Joplin Green Town Presentation Time: Concurrent Session on Thursday 14 November :00am 12:00pm Authors: Heriberto Urby, Ph.D., J.D., Jack L. Rozdilsky, Ph.D., Affiliation: Western Illinois University Emergency Management Program 1 University Circle, Room 402 Stipes Hall Macomb, Illinois Disclaimers: The views represented are those of the authors only This work is intended for non-commercial educational purposes All Rights Reserved, 2013

2 Short-Term and Long-Term Considerations for Sustainable Disaster Recovery Heriberto Urby, Ph.D., J.D. & Jack L. Rozdilsky, Ph.D.

3 Short-Term and Long-Term Considerations for Sustainable Disaster Recovery AGENDA 1. Introduction 2. Phases of Disaster Recovery a. Description of the four phases b. Opportunities for innovation & sustainability c. Threats opposing innovation & sustainability 3. Conclusions 4. Questions & Comments

4 Section 1 Introduction Agenda Purposes: 1. Introduction to the Speakers 2. Key Concept: Sustainable Development 3. Key Concept: Disaster Recovery

5 Introduction About the speakers Dr. Urby is a professor of emergency management Research area: Intergovernmental & legal aspects of recovery Dr. Rozdilsky is a professor of emergency management Research area: Disaster recovery - physical and social components Western Illinois University offers a Bachelor of Science Degree in Emergency Management Program Research Area Disaster recovery

6 Introduction AGENDA Key Concept: Sustainable Development A primary mode for innovation during disaster recovery

7 Definition Sustainable Development Sustainable Development: Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It contains two key concepts: the concept of needs, in particular the essential needs vs. wants, and needs of the poor The idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the environment's ability to meet present and future needs Slide Source: & 1987 United Nations Bruntland Commission Definition

8 Definition Sustainable Development Sustainable Development: Social Sustainability Economic Sustainability Environmental Sustainability

9 Introduction AGENDA Key Concept: Disaster Recovery Understanding recovery by breaking it down into four sub-phases

10 Introduction The Disaster Cycle has Four Phases

11 A Model of Recovery Activity Hass, E., Kate, R.W. and Bowden, M (Eds.)(1977) Reconstruction Following Disaster. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. pp. 4.

12 The Disaster Recovery Process has 4 Sub-Phases Response Winds Down Basic Services Back Rebuild to Pre- Disaster Levels Projects to serve future development Source: Hass, E., Kate, R.W. and Bowden, M. (1977) Reconstruction Following Disaster. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

13 Section 2 Phases of Disaster Recovery Agenda Purposes: 1. Brief overview of the four phases of disaster recovery 2. Phases based on work of Hass, Kates, and Bowden 3. Comments on the opportunities that exist for innovative recovery during each of the four phases 4. Comments on the threats and barriers to innovative recovery during each of the four phases

14 The 4-Step Sequential Model of Disaster Recovery Response Winds Down Source: Hass, E., Kate, R.W. and Bowden, M. (1977) Reconstruction Following Disaster. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

15 The Emergency Period Disaster Recovery Phase 1 of 4 Description Coping actions immediately after the disaster Actions mostly consist of response related actions Search & rescue Mass feeding Emergency sheltering Debris management Length of this period is reflective of the stricken place s capacity (or lack or capacity) to cope with the disaster Typical duration is the initial weeks after the disaster

16 The Emergency Period Opportunities To the extent possible, early thinking about recovery will build momentum to quickly transition from response to recovery Additional outside aid will be present during the emergency period Opportunities exist to take advantage of the extra attention focused on the disaster stricken place during this period

17 The Emergency Period Threats Immediately after the disaster, the focus will be on immediate needs -- not future wants The situation will be dynamic, so as the scope of the disaster is unfolding it will be difficult to think beyond the immediate term Coping with the trauma of the event during the emergency period will add to the stress, making other activities difficult at best

18 The 4-Step Sequential Model of Disaster Recovery Basic Services Back Source: Hass, E., Kate, R.W. and Bowden, M. (1977) Reconstruction Following Disaster. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

19 The Restoration Period Disaster Recovery Phase 2 of 4 Description Temporary patching of the infrastructure capable of being restored in the short-term Actions mostly consist of initial recovery activities Basic services restored to the disaster stricken area Movement of survivors from shelters to temporary housing Issues sorted out and rebuilding decisions made Clearing of disaster debris Temporary patching of the damages, while establishing the foundation for permanent replacement The duration is the initial months after the disaster

20 The Restoration Period Opportunities Right now, is the true window of opportunity for bringing innovate recovery practices to the forefront While it is beginning to look like a return to normal this is a return to a new normal Actions taken during this phase should not result in recreating the same disaster risks The earlier in this period recovery projects can begin the more likely those projects will be successful

21 The Restoration Period Threats With everything else happening, the window of opportunity for bringing innovative recovery practices to the forefront is missed is easily missed While it is beginning to look like a return to normal this normal can be a return to business as usual Actions to restore business as usual can result in recreating the same disaster risks Actions to restore business as usual can act as a barrier to innovative recovery projects

22 The 4-Step Sequential Model of Disaster Recovery Rebuild to Pre- Disaster Levels Source: Hass, E., Kate, R.W. and Bowden, M. (1977) Reconstruction Following Disaster. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

23 The Replacement Reconstruction Period Disaster Recovery Phase 3 of 4 Description Rebuilding to pre-disaster levels Indictors of the replacement reconstruction period Population reaches pre-disaster levels Return of economic activity Community institutions and activities return Signs of the disaster will become less evident in the community The duration for this period is the first few years following the disaster

24 The Replacement Reconstruction Period Opportunities Despite the return to normalcy, the window of opportunity for innovative recovery projects can be kept open Initial recovery goals can be reassessed and revised Governance can be reinvented to make it more responsive to the new community circumstances Now that survival has been accomplished, the community can aim for higher goals

25 The Replacement Reconstruction Period Threats The return to normalcy can indicate that the recovery is winding down and the window of opportunity for innovative recovery projects shuts At this time, it will be determined if overbuilding or underbuilding took place in response to the disaster Now, that survival has been accomplished, complacency can set in

26 The 4-Step Sequential Model of Disaster Recovery Projects to serve future development Source: Hass, E., Kate, R.W. and Bowden, M. (1977) Reconstruction Following Disaster. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

27 Betterment & Developmental Reconstruction Disaster Recovery Phase 4 of 4 Description Projects which serve future growth and development Indictors of community betterment Results of the innovative projects based on the momentum established by the taking advantage of the window of opportunity become visible Projects are implemented that were not viewed as possible prior to the disaster Appropriate time for public projects commemorating or memorializing the disaster The duration for this period is up to a decade out from the disaster event

28 Betterment & Developmental Reconstruction Opportunities If there has been a track record of success, it is possible to gain community buy in for larger long-term projects Sustainable development projects make sense now, as redevelopment themes are shifting away from reactions to the disaster and working towards achieving future visions

29 Betterment & Developmental Reconstruction Threats If there has been a contentious recovery or a track record of failures, community buy in for any future projects will face many barriers Dangers exist that funds used towards long-term recovery projects may be diverted to other purposes as the disaster is viewed to be in the past Hubris - a foolish amount of confidence

30 Purposes: Section 3 Conclusion Agenda 1. Provide two on the ground examples of how innovative projects were introduced into recovery 2. An example of innovation of flood-related relocation 3. An example of innovation of incorporating sustainability into recovery 4. Suggest the 2 nd phase of recovery is the opportune time for starting such actions

31 EXAMPLES The Restoration Period Conclusion - Examples of Projects in Action From the 2 nd phase of recovery The restoration period The true window of opportunity for bringing innovative recovery practices to the forefront The earlier in this period recovery projects can begin the more likely those projects will be successful

32 EXAMPLES The Restoration Period Conclusion - Examples of Projects in Action Two examples of opportunities for introducing innovative ideas into recovery during the restoration period Drawn from: Valmeyer Flood Recovery (from 1993) Greensburg Tornado Recovery (from 2007)

33 The Restoration Period Conclusion - Examples of Projects in Action EXAMPLE #1: Valmeyer, Illinois Town devastated by Mississippi River flooding (1993) Early in the process, the decision is made to rebuild as a new town out of harm s way A drastic shift from business as usual (rebuilding in the flood plain)

34 The Restoration Period Conclusion - Examples of Projects in Action EXAMPLE #1: Valmeyer, Illinois While it is beginning to look like to return to normal this is a return to a new normal Flood disaster recovery example: Innovation: Relocation of flood-stricken town from a flood plain location to a site outside of the flood plain

35 Opportunities for Innovation During Disaster Recovery Valmeyer in 1994 Reconstruction, looking like a return to normal Slide Source: Dr. Jack Rozdilsky

36 Opportunities for Innovation During Disaster Recovery Valmeyer in 1994 However, a return to a new normal Slide Source: Dr. Jack Rozdilsky

37 Opportunities for Innovation During Disaster Recovery Valmeyer in 1994 Homes not rebuilt in floodplain Slide Source: Dr. Jack Rozdilsky

38 Opportunities for Innovation During Disaster Recovery Valmeyer in 1995 Homes rebuilt on top of bluff Slide Source: Dr. Jack Rozdilsky

39 Opportunities for Innovation During Disaster Recovery Innovation Complete Village Relocation Return of normalcy with reconstruction, but return to a new normal at a new town location Slide Source: Dr. Jack Rozdilsky

40 The Restoration Period Conclusion - Examples of Projects in Action EXAMPLE #2: Greensburg, Kansas Town devastated by EF-5 Tornado (2007) Early in the process, the decision was made to rebuild using green architecture and sustainability A drastic shift from business as usual (reconstruction of the city in a manner very similar to what existed prior to the disaster)

41 The Restoration Period Conclusion - Examples of Projects in Action EXAMPLE #2: Greensburg, Kansas The true window of opportunity for bringing innovative recovery practices to the forefront is during the second phase of recovery Tornado disaster recovery example: Innovation: Taking full advantage of the window of opportunity for innovation by introducing green recovery practices

42 Opportunities for Innovation During Disaster Recovery Greensburg in 2008 Introduction of sustainability at community meetings Slide Source: Dr. Jack Rozdilsky

43 Opportunities for Innovation During Disaster Recovery Greensburg in 2012 Reconstruction of Greensburg with Sustainable Features Slide Source: Dr. Jack Rozdilsky

44 Opportunities for Innovation During Disaster Recovery Greensburg in 2012 Reconstruction of Greensburg with Sustainable Features Slide Source: Dr. Jack Rozdilsky

45 Opportunities for Innovation During Disaster Recovery Innovation Early Introduction of Sustainability to Recovery Process Sustainable Comprehensive Plan created early in the process Slide Source: Dr. Jack Rozdilsky

46 The 4-Step Sequential Model of Disaster Recovery Response Winds Down Basic Services Back Rebuild to Pre- Disaster Levels Projects to serve future development Our Recommendation for the Best Time of Starting Innovative Recovery Projects Source: Hass, E., Kate, R.W. and Bowden, M. (1977) Reconstruction Following Disaster. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

47 Conclusion Closing Comments 1 of 2 All four phases of disaster recovery offer opportunities for bringing innovative practices into recovery The best time to bring innovative practices into recovery is anytime that works best for the community All disasters are different

48 Conclusion Closing Comments 2 of 2 However, our recommendations are Engage in pre-disaster recovery planning 2. The true window of opportunity for bringing innovative projects to the forefront exists during the 2 nd phase of disaster recovery The restoration period 3. That is, during the initial months after the disaster

49 Short Term and Long-Term Considerations for Sustainable Disaster Recovery The End. Questions & Comments Heriberto Urby, Ph.D., J.D. & Jack L. Rozdilsky, Ph.D.