Community Assessment & Outreach Program

Transcription

1 Community Assessment & Outreach Program for the Louisville (KY-IN) Metropolitan Planning Area for Title VI/Environmental Justice and other Communities of Concern

2 Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 COMMUNITY PROFILES 3 Minority Populations 3 Low Income Populations 10 Limited English Proficiency and Low Literacy Populations 12 Persons with Disabilities 19 Elderly Populations 21 Zero Auto Households 24 3 OUTREACH PROGRAM 26 4 BENEFITS & BURDENS 31 List of Figures 1 POPULATION BY RACE POPULATION BY ETHNICITY MINORITY POPULATION MINORITY POPULATION DISTIRIBUTION CENSUS 2000: TOTAL MINORITY PERSONS BY TAZ 8 5 MINORITY POPULATION DISTIRIBUTION CENSUS 2000: PERCENT MINORITY PERSONS BY TAZ 9 6 LOW INCOME POPULATION LOW INCOME POPULATION DISTIRIBUTION CENSUS 2000: TOTAL LOW INCOME PERSONS BY TAZ 13 8 LOW INCOME POPULATION DISTIRIBUTION CENSUS 2000: PERCENT LOW INCOME PERSONS BY TAZ 14 9 LIMITED ENGLISH PROFICIENCY POPULATION LOW LITERACY POPULATION DISABLED POPULATION WORKING AGE POPULATION BY DISABILITY ELDERLY POPULATION ELDERLY DRIVERS AND NON-DRIVERS 2000 INDIANA ELDERLY DRIVERS AND NON-DRIVERS 2000 KENTUCKY _23 16 ZERO AUTO HOUSEHOLDS TITLE VI/ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE STUDY AREAS TITLE VI/ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE STUDY AREAS: HORIZON 2030 PROJECTS TITLE VI/ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE STUDY AREAS: TARC ROUTES AVERAGE HIGHWAY WORK TRIP COMMUTE TIME 37 i

3 List of Tables 1 POPULATION BY RACE PERCENT POPULATION DISTRIBUTION BY RACE HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN POPULATION BY RACE PERCENT POPULATION DISTRIBUTION BY ETHNICITY MINORITY POPULATION POVERTY THRESHOLD IN 1999, BY SIZE OF FAMILY AND NUMBER OF RELATED CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS OLD 10 7 LOW INCOME POPULATION LIMITED ENGLISH PROFICIENCY POPULATION TOP 10 NON-ENGLISH LANGUAGES SPOKEN AT HOME DESCRIPTION OF LITERACY LEVELS LOW LITERACY POPULATION DISABLED POPULATION ELDERLY POPULATION ELDERLY DRIVERS AND NON-DRIVERS 2000 INDIANA AND KENTUCKY HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE AVAILABILITY TRANSIT SERVICE INDEX ii

4 INTRODUCTION Transportation planning culminates in decision-making. Successful outcomes are, to a large degree, dependent upon the amount, timeliness, accuracy, and diversity of information that is made available to the decision-makers. An increasingly important consideration in the transportation planning process is the two-way flow of information between planning agencies and the public. KIPDA has developed a document, Transportation Planning Public Involvement Plan for the Louisville (KY-IN) Metropolitan Area which describes procedures and techniques that are used to facilitate the public involvement process. Gaining input from the public requires that planners address several issues: The long-term nature of transportation planning; Skepticism about an individual s ability to influence decisions; A trend away from participation in civic organizations; The competing demands on the public s time and attention; and Providing timely and comprehensible information about the process. While the above factors impact all persons to varying degrees, some segments of the public present particular challenges in obtaining their involvement. This document takes a closer look at how those challenges are, or will be, addressed with groups that have been alternatively described as traditionally underserved, communities of concern, or populations of concern. These include people who do not usually participate in the planning process, such as racial minorities, ethnic groups, low income individuals, low literacy individuals, limited English proficiency individuals, the elderly, persons in households without automobiles, and persons with disabilities. Some categories are subject to the provisions of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964; the provisions of Executive Order on Environmental Justice; the provisions of Executive Order on Limited English Proficiency; or are included in the processes described in this document simply as a matter of good planning practice. Each category presents unique circumstances that require unique solutions. The categories are neither mutually exclusive nor internally homogeneous. Further complicating the process of gaining meaningful participation by these groups are the limitations of available resources. Time, money, and expertise are limited resources available to the planning staff. This requires that those resources be expended in the most effective and responsible manner. This document is organized into three sections which comprise the basic components of KIPDA s approach to impact assessment and outreach efforts for the communities of concern. They are: 1

5 1. Community Profiles This section is an examination of the Louisville (KY-IN) Metropolitan Planning Area s demographic characteristics of each of the categories which constitute the communities of concern. This effort provides the basis for identifying the number and, where appropriate, the geographic location of persons in the communities of concern. 2. Outreach This section outlines the overall public involvement process and details the specific techniques used to exchange information with each of the communities of concern. 3. Benefits and Burdens Analysis This section describes the purpose, process, and results of an impact assessment of the Horizon 2030 Plan on the Title VI/Environmental Justice study areas. 2

6 COMMUNITY PROFILES KIPDA has developed baseline demographic profiles for several populations of concern in the Louisville (KY-IN) MPA. The profiles were developed for several reasons: To identify the transportation concerns of various segments of the community and integrate them into the transportation planning process; To encourage the participation of populations of concern groups within the community with specialized transportation needs or traditionally underrepresented in the transportation planning process; and, To identify the potential impacts of the transportation planning process on such groups. Populations of concern in the Louisville (KY-IN) MPA were defined in several ways. Some were specifically identified by Federal guidance and regulation. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low Income Populations and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 address the inclusion of minority and low income populations in the metropolitan transportation planning process, while Executive Order 13166: Improving Access to Services for Persons with Limited English Proficiency, addresses the inclusion of persons with limited ability to speak or read English. Other populations of concern include groups which tend to have special transportation needs, such as the disabled, the elderly, and zero auto households. MINORITY POPULATIONS Minority populations, as defined by Executive Order 12898, include persons whose race can be identified as any one or more of the following categories: Black persons having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa; Asian persons having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent; American Indian and Alaskan Native persons having origins in any of the original people of North America and who maintain cultural identification through tribal affiliation or community recognition; and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander persons having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands. Minority populations also include persons of any race or combination of races who identify their ethnicity, culture, or origin as Hispanic. Executive Order specifies Hispanics as persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, or other Spanish culture or origin. 3

7 Race According to year 2000 census data, there were 175,174 non-white persons in the Louisville (KY-IN) MPA (Table 1). They represented approximately 18% of the total area population (Figure 1), a figure somewhat lower than the 2000 census national average of 25% non-whites. The non-white population of the MPA was primarily composed of Black or African American persons. They comprised 81% of all non-white persons, or 14% of the total population. Persons of two or more races, Asians, other races, American Indians and Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders were present in much smaller numbers, together comprising 19% of the non-white population and 3% of the overall MPA population. County Total Population TABLE 1 Population by Race 2000 Louisville (KY-IN) Metropolitan Planning Area White Black or African American One Race American Indian and Alaska Native Asian Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Other Race Two or More Races Bullitt 61,236 60, Jefferson 693, , ,928 1,523 9, ,695 9,842 Oldham 46,178 43,230 1, Clark 96,472 87,110 6, ,349 Floyd * 70,909 66,112 3, Region 968, , ,623 2,225 10, ,168 12,921 Data Source: 2000 Census SF1, Table P8 * includes approximately 0.10 square mile of Harrison County, IN FIGURE 1 Total Population White 82% Population by Race Louisville (KY-IN) MPA Non-White 18% Non-White Population Black or African American 81% American Indian and Alaska Native 1% Asian 6% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander <1% Other Race 4% Two or More Races 7% Data Source: 2000 Census SF1, Table P8 4

8 The majority, or almost 90%, of the Louisville (KY-IN) MPA non-white population resided in Jefferson County. It is clear that due to the sheer size of its population, Jefferson s racial patterns highly influence the pattern of the region as a whole. In Jefferson, 23% of the county s total residents were non-white, while in the other MPA counties this number only ranged from 2% to 10% (Table 2). County TABLE 2 Percent Population Distribution by Race 2000 Louisville (KY-IN) Metropolitan Planning Area One Race White Black or African American American Indian and Alaska Native 5 Asian Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander Other Race Two or More Races Bullitt 98.07% 0.38% 0.34% 0.27% 0.01% 0.16% 0.77% Jefferson 77.38% 18.88% 0.22% 1.39% 0.04% 0.68% 1.42% Oldham 93.62% 4.21% 0.21% 0.44% 0.01% 0.55% 0.97% Clark 90.30% 6.63% 0.26% 0.59% 0.04% 0.79% 1.40% Floyd * 93.23% 4.41% 0.21% 0.46% 0.04% 0.50% 1.15% Region 81.91% 14.73% 0.23% 1.13% 0.03% 0.64% 1.33% Data Source: 2000 Census SF1, Table P8 * includes approximately 0.10 square mile of Harrison County, IN Ethnicity In 2000, the Louisville (KY-IN) MPA contained just under 16,000 persons of Hispanic or Latino origin (Table 3). This represented almost 2% of the total population (Figure 2), which is somewhat lower than the national average of 12%. In terms of race and ethnicity, the majority of Hispanics in the area were white. County TABLE 3 Hispanic or Latino Origin Population by Race 2000 Louisville (KY-IN) Metropolitan Planning Area Total Hispanic or Latino Population White Black or African American One Race American Indian and Alaska Native Asian Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander Other Race Two or More Races Bullitt Jefferson 12,370 6, ,552 1,005 Oldham Clark 1, Floyd * Region 15,926 8,518 1, ,795 1,284 Data Source: 2000 Census SF1, Table P8 * includes approximately 0.10 square mile of Harrison County, IN

9 FIGURE 2 Population by Ethnicity Louisville (KY-IN) MPA Non-Hispanic 98% Hispanic 2% Data Source: 2000 Census SF1, Table P8 Unlike racial patterns, ethnicities were quite similar across the counties of the MPA. The Hispanic population ranged from over one-half of a percent of the total population in Bullitt County to almost two percent in Clark and Jefferson counties (Table 4). The majority of Hispanics, almost 78%, lived in Jefferson County. TABLE 4 Percent Population Distribution by Ethnicity 2000 Louisville (KY-IN) Metropolitan Planning Area Minority Populations County Non-Hispanic Hispanic Bullitt 99.37% 0.63% Jefferson 98.22% 1.78% Oldham 98.70% 1.30% Clark 98.14% 1.86% Floyd * 98.91% 1.09% Region 98.36% 1.64% Data Source: 2000 Census SF1, Table P8 * includes approximately 0.10 square mile of Harrison County, IN Minority population groups include all persons with some combination of nonwhite racial status and/or Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. In 2000, almost 19% of the MPA population were minorities (Figure 3). As expected, the largest concentration was in Jefferson County, where almost 24% of all persons were minorities (Table 5) 6

10 FIGURE 3 Minority Population Louisville (KY-IN) MPA Non-Minority 81% Minority 19% Data Source: 2000 Census SF1, Table P8 TABLE 5 Minority Population 2000 Louisville (KY-IN) Metropolitan Planning Area Non-Hispanic Hispanic Minority Population County White Non- White White Non- White Total % Bullitt 59,798 1, , % Jefferson 530, ,178 6,665 5, , % Oldham 42,921 2, , % Clark 86,194 8, , % Floyd * 65,738 4, , % Region 784, ,766 8,518 7, , % Data Source: 2000 Census SF1, Table P8 * includes approximately 0.10 square mile of Harrison County, IN Year 2000 minority concentration patterns within the Louisville (KY-IN) MPA are easily discernable at the sub-county level as well. Using 2000 Census Transportation Planning Package (CTPP) data, minority total population and percent of total population concentrations were mapped at the traffic analysis zone (TAZ) level (Figure 4, Figure 5). Within Jefferson County, the highest concentrations of minority populations occurred around the center city core and in the west and south central portions of the area, with some scattered smaller areas of concentration throughout. In Bullitt County, minorities lived mostly along the border with Jefferson County near the Hillview area, in Shepherdsville, and in 7

11 HARRISON (approx.10 sq mi) Downtown Inset ± Legend Total Minority Persons County Boundary Miles Created by KIPDA May 2006 (LAK) Copyright (c) 2006, Kentuckiana Regional Planning & Development Agency (KIPDA). All rights reserved. No part of this may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, except as expressly permitted in writing by KIPDA. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY: KIPDA has no indication or reason to believe that there are any inaccuracies or defects in information incorporated in this work and make NO REPRESENTATIONS OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE, NOR ARE ANY SUCH WARRANTIES TO BE IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THE INFORMATION OR DATA, FURNISHED HEREIN. FIGURE 4 LOUISVILLE (KY-IN) MPA MINORITY POPULATION DISTRIBUTION CENSUS 2000 TOTAL MINORITY PERSONS BY TAZ

12 HARRISON (approx.10 sq mi) Downtown Inset ± Legend Percent Minority Persons 0 % 1% - 10% 11% - 25% 26% - 50% 51% - 75% 76% + County Boundary Miles Created by KIPDA May 2006 (LAK) Copyright (c) 2006, Kentuckiana Regional Planning & Development Agency (KIPDA). All rights reserved. No part of this may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, except as expressly permitted in writing by KIPDA. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY: KIPDA has no indication or reason to believe that there are any inaccuracies or defects in information incorporated in this work and make NO REPRESENTATIONS OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE, NOR ARE ANY SUCH WARRANTIES TO BE IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THE INFORMATION OR DATA, FURNISHED HEREIN. FIGURE 5 LOUISVILLE (KY-IN) MPA MINORITY POPULATION DISTRIBUTION CENSUS 2000 PERCENT MINORITY PERSONS BY TAZ

13 Mount Washington. Oldham County s minorities resided primarily near the borders of Jefferson and Shelby counties and in the LaGrange area. It should be noted that the highest minority concentration in Oldham existed at the reformatory complex near LaGrange. Clark County minorities were concentrated in the denser urban areas of Jeffersonville and Clarksville, along the IN 62 corridor into Charlestown, and along the IN 60 corridor towards Borden. Most of Floyd County s minorities were concentrated within New Albany, along the IN 111 and IN 311 corridors, and in the Georgetown area. These concentrations were analyzed and compared to average values for the MPA in order to designate Title VI/Environmental Justice Study Areas to be used for outreach purposes and assessment of benefits and burdens. Please see sections 3 and 4 for further discussion of those activities. LOW INCOME POPULATIONS Low income populations, as defined by Executive Order 12898, include persons whose household income is below the US Department of Health and Human Services poverty guidelines (Table 6). For the 2000 census, poverty status was determined for all persons except the institutionalized, military group quarters, persons in college dormitories, and unrelated individuals under 15 years old. TABLE 6 Poverty Threshold in 1999, by Size of Family and Number of Related Children Under 18 Years Old Size of Family Unit One person (unrelated individual) $8,501 Weighted Related Children Under 18 Years Old Average Threshold None One Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight or More Under 65 years old $8,667 $7, years old and over $7,990 $7,990 Two persons $10,869 Householder under 65 years old $11,214 $11,156 $11,483 Householder 65 years old and over $10,075 $10,070 $11,440 Three persons $13,290 $13,032 $13,410 $13,423 Four persons $17,029 $17,184 $17,465 $16,895 $16,954 Five persons $20,127 $20,723 $21,024 $20,380 $19,882 $19,578 Six persons $22,727 $23,835 $23,930 $23,436 $22,964 $22,261 $21,845 Seven persons $25,912 $27,425 $27,596 $27,006 $26,595 $25,828 $24,934 $23,953 Eight persons $28,967 $30,673 $30,944 $30,387 $29,899 $29,206 $28,327 $27,412 $27,180 Nine or more persons $34,417 $36,897 $37,076 $36,583 $36,169 $35,489 $34,554 $33,708 $33,499 $32,208 10

14 According to the 2000 census, about 11%, or 104,446 persons, in the Louisville (KY-IN) MPA were considered to be low income (Figure 5). This was comparable to the national average of 12% of all persons below poverty level. Again, due to its large population, Jefferson County s demographics drove the low income patterns of the region. Over 12% of Jefferson s population were in the low income category, followed by Bullitt, Clark, and Floyd at 8% to 9%. Oldham, at 4%, exhibited the lowest number of persons below poverty level (Table 7). FIGURE 6 Low-Income Population Louisville (KY-IN) MPA Below Poverty Level 11% Low-Income Population At or Above Poverty Level 89% Data Source: 2000 Census SF3, Table P87 TABLE 7 Low Income Population 2000 Louisville (KY-IN) Metropolitan Planning Area Total At or Above Poverty Below Poverty Population for Level Level Which Poverty Status is County Determined Total % Total % Bullitt 60,807 56, % 4, % Jefferson 680, , % 84, % Oldham 42,273 40, % 1, % Clark 94,701 87, % 7, % Floyd * 69,759 63, % 6, % Region 948, , % 104, % Data Source: 2000 Census SF3, Table P87 * includes approximately 0.10 square mile of Harrison County, IN 11

15 Year 2000 CTPP data was used to identify total and percentage low income concentrations at the TAZ level for the MPA. Figures 7 and 8 show the distributions by TAZ for each county. Jefferson s low income population was located primarily around the center city core and in the south central and western portions of the county, with several smaller concentrations throughout. In Bullitt County, the highest concentrations of the low income population were found in and around the City of Shepherdsville. The Oldham County low income population concentrations were highest in the LaGrange area. In Clark County, low income populations resided primarily in Jeffersonville, Clarksville, Charlestown, and in the northernmost portions of the county. Floyd County s low income persons were found mostly in New Albany and the northwestern portion of the county. As with minority populations, these concentrations were analyzed and compared to average values for the MPA to designate Title VI/Environmental Justice Study Areas to be used for outreach purposes and assessment of benefits and burdens. Please see sections 3 and 4 for further discussion of those activities. LIMITED ENGLISH PROFICIENCY AND LOW LITERACY POPULATIONS Limited English Proficiency Populations According to USDOT guidance pertaining to Executive Order 13166, limited- English-proficient (LEP) persons are individuals with a primary or home language other than English who must, due to limited fluency in English, communicate in the primary or home language if the individuals are to have an equal opportunity to participate effectively in or benefit from any aid, service, or benefit provided by the transportation provider or other DOT recipient. It is important to be aware of the LEP population in order to garner their participation in the transportation planning process and provide them with transportation service options. Please see section 3 for further discussion of outreach activities. According to the 2000 census, LEP persons comprised a very small segment of the Louisville (KY-IN) MPA population. Of all persons age five and over, only 5% spoke some language other than English at home (Figure 9). Of those, 20% indicated their ability to speak English was Not Well or Not at All. Overall, only 1% of the population age five and over was considered to be LEP. At the county level, Jefferson exhibited the highest LEP population, with just over 1% (Table 8). In each of the four remaining counties, between one-quarter to one-half of one percent of the age 5+ population was considered to be LEP. 12

16 HARRISON (approx.10 sq mi) Downtown Inset ± Legend Total Low Income Persons County Boundary Miles Created by KIPDA May 2006 (LAK) Copyright (c) 2006, Kentuckiana Regional Planning & Development Agency (KIPDA). All rights reserved. No part of this may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, except as expressly permitted in writing by KIPDA. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY: KIPDA has no indication or reason to believe that there are any inaccuracies or defects in information incorporated in this work and make NO REPRESENTATIONS OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE, NOR ARE ANY SUCH WARRANTIES TO BE IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THE INFORMATION OR DATA, FURNISHED HEREIN. FIGURE 7 LOUISVILLE (KY-IN) MPA LOW INCOME POPULATION DISTRIBUTION CENSUS 2000 TOTAL LOW INCOME PERSONS BY TAZ

17 HARRISON (approx.10 sq mi) Downtown Inset ± Legend Percent Low Income Persons 0% 1% - 5% 6% - 20% 21% - 40% 41% - 60% 61% + County Boundary Miles Created by KIPDA May 2006 (LAK) Copyright (c) 2006, Kentuckiana Regional Planning & Development Agency (KIPDA). All rights reserved. No part of this may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, except as expressly permitted in writing by KIPDA. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY: KIPDA has no indication or reason to believe that there are any inaccuracies or defects in information incorporated in this work and make NO REPRESENTATIONS OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE, NOR ARE ANY SUCH WARRANTIES TO BE IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THE INFORMATION OR DATA, FURNISHED HEREIN. FIGURE 8 LOUISVILLE (KY-IN) MPA LOW INCOME POPULATION DISTRIBUTION CENSUS 2000 PERCENT LOW INCOME PERSONS BY TAZ

18 FIGURE 9 Limited English Proficiency Population Louisville (KY-IN) MPA Language Spoken at Home Age 5+ Population English Only 95% Other 5% Ability to Speak English Well 21% Very well 59% Not Well 17% Not at all 3% Limited English Proficiency Population Data Source: 2000 Census SF3, Table P19 County Total Population Age 5+ TABLE 8 Limited English Proficiency Population 2000 Louisville (KY-IN) Metropolitan Planning Area Language Spoken at Home Limiited English Language Other Than or In Addition to Proficiency English (LEP) English Ability to Speak English Population Only Very well Well Not Well Not at all Total % Bullitt 56,802 55, % Jefferson 647, ,664 20,294 7,593 6,249 1,208 7, % Oldham 43,130 41,560 1, % Clark 89,910 87,087 1, % Floyd * 66,378 64,449 1, % Region 903, ,492 25,208 8,779 7,300 1,449 8, % Data Source: 2000 Census SF3, Table P19 * includes approximately 0.10 square mile of Harrison County, IN Table 9 shows the top ten non-english languages spoken at home in 2000 for the Louisville (KY-IN) MPA and individual counties. Regionally, the top non-english language spoken at home was Spanish/Spanish Creole, while French/French Creole and German rounded out the top three. For the most part, Jefferson s diversity of non-english languages drove the patterns of the region. At the county level, Oldham, Clark, and Floyd were most similar to Jefferson in that their top three non-english languages were some order of Spanish, French, and German. These languages also appeared in the top ranks of Bullitt County as well, but in the top four, with Korean ranking third. The rankings from four to ten were more varied for each county. 15

19 Rank Language Persons Age 5+ Language TABLE 9 Top 10 Non-English Languages Spoken at Home Louisville (KY-IN) Metropolitan Planning Area Bullitt County Jefferson County Oldham County Clark County Floyd County * Region Persons Age 5+ Language Persons Age 5+ Language Persons Age 5+ Language Persons Age 5+ Language Persons Age 5+ 1 Spanish Spanish Creole 657 Spanish Spanish Creole 14,815 Spanish Spanish Creole 848 Spanish Spanish Creole 1,640 Spanish Spanish Creole 913 Spanish Spanish Creole 18,873 2 German 190 French French Creole 2,952 French French Creole 3 Korean 79 German 2,460 German German 226 German 344 French French Creole 200 French French Creole French French Creole 3, German 3,356 4 French French Creole 72 Vietnamese 1,631 Persian 58 African Languages 92 Urdu 93 Vietnamese 1,660 5 Gujarathi 16 Serbo-Croatian 1,479 Korean 41 Japanese 90 Tagalog 61 Serbo-Croatian 1,536 6 Russian (tie) 10 Arabic 1,297 Hungarian 37 Italian 85 Other Indic Languages 55 Arabic 1, Portuguese Portuguese Creole Other Native North American (tie) 10 Russian 1,277 Chinese 36 Tagalog 81 Italian 42 Chinese 1,353 (tie) 7 Chinese 1,242 Italian 34 Chinese 59 Arabic 36 Russian 1,346 9 Hungarian (tie) 7 Korean 972 Arabic 23 Urdu 43 Polish (tie) 34 Korean 1, Italian 5 African Languages 739 Other Indo- European Languages 22 Serbo-Croatian 41 Hebrew (tie) 34 African Languages 839 Data Source: 2000 Census SF3, Table PCT10 * includes approximately 0.10 square mile of Harrison County, IN 16

20 LOW LITERACY POPULATIONS Low literacy populations are similar to LEP populations in that their opportunities for effective participation in the transportation planning process can be negatively affected by communication barriers. These populations may also have specialized transportation needs due to the fact that, according to the National Institute for Literacy, low literacy persons are more likely to have lower overall incomes and experience higher poverty rates. As with LEP persons, it is important to be aware of persons with low literacy to facilitate their participation in the transportation planning process. Please see section 3 for further discussion of outreach activities. Information about literacy rates is quite limited. It is not available from the 2000 census. The most comprehensive and contemporary source of literacy information for the counties in the Louisville (KY-IN) MPA is 1990 literacy level data from the National Institute for Literacy. The National Institute for Literacy data categorizes literacy skills into a continuum of five levels, with level 5 representing the highest skill level and level 1 the lowest. Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 TABLE 10 Description of Literacy Levels In general, these tasks require examinees to locate a piece of information in a document, where the information sought is identical to the information given in the directive. Other tasks at this level ask examinees to enter information from personal knowledge (e.g., their age) onto a document. Tasks at this level are varied. Some require examinees to locate a single piece of information in a document, where the information in the directive is identical to that in the document. In others, distracters are present in the document, or the match requires making low-level inferences. Tasks at this level also begin to require examinees to cycle through a document (e.g., scan a document several times for different features) or to integrate information from various parts of a document Tasks at this level typically require examinees either to integrate multiple pieces of information from a document or to cycle through fairly complex tables or graphs in which distracters are present. Tasks at this level also involve making matches based on multiple features of information, cycling through documents for different types of information, and integrating information from different parts of a document, but the degree of inferencing is increasing. Cycling tasks at this level often require examinees to make multiple responses, but the correct number of responses is not stated. Conditional information may also be present and must be taken into account. These tasks require examinees to search through detailed displays containing multiple distracters, to make high-level inferences, and to use specialized background knowledge to find and integrate information from complex documents. Source: National Institute for Literacy, The State of Literacy in America: Synthetic Estimates at the Local, State, and National Levels,

21 In 1990, the low literacy population, or persons with level 1 literacy skills, comprised 18% of the total Louisville (KY-IN) population (Figure 10). This percentage is somewhat lower than the 1990 national average of 21 to 23 percent. FIGURE 10 Low Literacy Population Louisville (KY-IN) MPA Low Literacy Population Level 1 Literacy 18% Level 2-5 Literacy 82% Data Source: NIFL, The State of Literacy in America, 1998 County-level literacy information for 1990 shows that the majority, both in number and by percentage, of persons with level 1 literacy were located in the most highly urbanized area, Jefferson County (Table 11). Almost 19% of Jefferson residents had level 1 literacy levels. The other four counties exhibited lesser numbers of low literacy, ranging from 14% for Clark County, to 12% for Oldham County. TABLE 11 Low Literacy Population 1990 Louisville (KY-IN) Metropolitan Planning Area 18 Level 2-5 Literacy Population Level 1 Literacy Population County Total Population Age 16+ Total % Total % Bullitt 35,386 30,786 87% 4,600 13% Jefferson 520, ,342 81% 98,833 19% Oldham 24,796 21,820 88% 2,976 12% Clark 67,926 58,416 86% 9,510 14% Floyd * 49,339 42,925 87% 6,414 13% Region 697, ,289 82% 122,333 18% Note: Synthetic estimates of literacy combine 1990 Census population with 1992 NALS survey data Data Source: National Institute for Literacy, The State of Literacy in America: Synthetic Estimates at the Local, State, and National Levels, 1998 * includes approximately 0.10 square mile of Harrison County, IN

22 PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES Persons with disabilities constitute another population of concern. Many disabled persons have specialized transportation mobility and access needs that can be addressed by the transportation planning process. The extent of this group s participation in the planning process has been, traditionally, somewhat limited. This is likely due, at least in part, to the transportation difficulties associated with their disabilities. A variety of outreach methods, as discussed in section 3, are often employed to increase the participation of the disabled. In the Louisville (KY-IN) MPA, approximately 20% of the year 2000 noninstitutionalized population age five and over were disabled (Figure 11). This figure mirrored the national average of 19%. FIGURE 11 Disabled Population Louisville (KY-IN) MPA One or More Disabilities 20% No Disabilities 80% Data Source: 2000 Census SF3, Table PCT26 At the county level, Clark, Jefferson, and Bullitt contained the highest percentages of disabled persons in 2000 (Table 12). Approximately 20% of the residents in each of these counties reported having one or more disabilities. The number of persons with disabilities was 18% in Floyd and 13% in Oldham. The 2000 census also contains information about the types of disabilities reported by working age persons. The information on disability type allows outreach efforts to be targeted to more effectively communicate with persons with various disabilities. Information about working age disabled persons is important as well, because, if employed, they are more likely to make daily use of the transportation system to access jobs. 19

23 County TABLE 12 Disabled Population 2000 Louisville (KY-IN) Metropolitan Planning Area One or More Total Civilian No Disabilities Disabilities Noninstitutionalized Population Age 5+ Total % Total % Bullitt 56,402 45, % 11, % Jefferson 638, , % 130, % Oldham 39,258 34, % 5, % Clark 88,618 70, % 18, % Floyd * 65,360 53, % 11, % Region 888, , % 176, % Data Source: 2000 Census SF3, Table PCT26 * includes approximately 0.10 square mile of Harrison County, IN Disability types were grouped into several different categories in the 2000 census, each describing self-reported conditions lasting six months or more: Sensory disability includes blindness, deafness, or a severe vision or hearing impairment Physical disability includes conditions that substantially limit one or more basic physical activities, such as walking, climbing stairs, reaching, lifting, or carrying Mental disability includes conditions that make it difficult to learn, remember, or concentrate Self-care disability includes conditions that make it difficult to dress, bathe, or get around inside the home Going-outside-the-home disability includes conditions that make it difficult to go outside the home alone to shop or visit a doctor s office Employment disability includes conditions that make it difficult to work at a job or business In the Louisville (KY-IN) MPA, the percentage of the working age population with disabilities was 19% (Figure 12). Out of these, 46% reported having at least two disability types. As for the single disability responses, employment disabilities were the most widely reported condition (27%). Twelve percent of all disabilities were physical, followed by 6% sensory or mental, 3% go-outside-the-home, and less than 1% self care. 20

24 FIGURE 12 Working Age Population by Disability Louisville (KY-IN) MPA Total Working Age Population No Disabilities 81% One or More Disabilities 19% Data Source: 2000 Census SF3, Table PCT26 Disabled Working Age Population Employment Disability 27% 2 or More Disabilities 46% Sensory Disability 6% Physical Disability 12% Mental Disability 6% Self Care Disability <1% Go-Outside-Home Disability 3% ELDERLY POPULATIONS Elderly persons, particularly those age 65 and over, represent another population of concern. On the whole, the elderly tend to make fewer, shorter, and different kinds of trips than younger persons. By age 65, many persons are retiring from the workforce, so trip purposes shift from work to shopping, errands, and doctor visits. Also, at some point in their lives, many elderly persons cease to drive, yet still desire mobility. The transportation system and planning process need to be responsive to the mobility and access needs of the elderly. Section 3 contains a more complete discussion of outreach efforts targeting the elderly. The elderly, persons age 65 and older, represented approximately 13% of the total Louisville (KY-IN) MPA population in 2000 (Figure 13), slightly higher than the national average of 12%. At the county level, the three most urbanized counties, Jefferson, Clark, and Floyd, had the greatest numbers and highest percentages of elderly persons, at 12% to 13% (Table 13). Bullitt and Oldham contained somewhat lower numbers of elderly, 7.8% and 7% respectively. Much of this pattern results from the elderly aging in place closest to the location of the majority of activities and services, such as the core urban areas. 21

25 FIGURE 13 Elderly Population Louisville (KY-IN) MPA Elderly Population Age % Under 65 87% Data Source: 2000 Census SF1, Table P12 County TABLE 13 Elderly Population 2000 Louisville (KY-IN) Metropolitan Planning Area Under 65 Age 65+ Total Population Total % Total % Bullitt 61,236 56, % 4, % Jefferson 693, , % 93, % Oldham 46,178 42, % 3, % Clark 96,472 84, % 11, % Floyd * 70,909 62, % 8, % Region 968, , % 122, % Data Source: 2000 Census SF1, Table P12 * includes approximately 0.10 square mile of Harrison County, IN Year 2000 information about the number of elderly drivers was available at the state level from the Federal Highway Administration (Table 14). The data for both Indiana and Kentucky showed the prevalence of non-drivers in the elderly population increasing with age (Figure 14, Figure 15). Non-drivers age 65 to 69 in Indiana and Kentucky were 10% and 16% of their age group as compared to 43% and 63% for persons age 85 and above. Clearly, alternative transportation and residential land use options must be available to meet the needs of older persons who no longer drive. 22

26 State Drivers % TABLE 14 Elderly Drivers and Non-Drivers 2000 Indiana and Kentucky Age Age Age Age Age 85+ Non- Drivers % Drivers % Non- Drivers % Drivers % Non- Drivers % Drivers % Non- Drivers % Drivers % Non- Drivers % Indiana 183, % 20, % 165, % 26, % 92, % 67, % 61, % 44, % 52, % 39, % Kentucky 122, % 22, % 104, % 24, % 77, % 27, % 41, % 25, % 21, % 36, % Data Sources: FHWA, Highway Statistics 2000, Table DL Census SF1, Table P12 FIGURE 14 FIGURE 15 Elderly Drivers and Non-Drivers Indiana Elderly Drivers and Non-Drivers Kentucky 200, , , , , , ,000 Population 120, ,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 Drivers Non-Drivers Population 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 Drivers Non-Drivers Age Age 23

27 ZERO AUTO HOUSEHOLDS There are a variety of reasons that a household may not have any vehicles available to it. They range from the conscious choice to not own a vehicle for personal reasons or convenience, to not being able to drive because of age or disability, to having insufficient income to afford one. Regardless of the reason, alternative transportation options must be made available for such households through the transportation planning process. In many cases, the outreach methods used to target other populations of concern will work for members of these households as well, since there is often overlap among groups. Zero auto households comprised approximately 10% of the total households in the Louisville (KY-IN) MPA in 2000 (Figure 16). This is in line with the national average, which was also 10%. The majority of households had one or two vehicles at their disposal, while a very small number had four or more available. At the county level, the highest percentage of zero auto households occurred in Jefferson (Table 15). This is due, to some extent, because of Jefferson s tendency to have higher numbers of persons in populations of concern, many of which have no vehicles available to them. As the urban core of the area, Jefferson also exhibits higher densities of land use and has more extensive transit, bicycle facilities, and sidewalk coverage, which are key to ensuring the mobility of zero auto household members. FIGURE 16 Zero Auto Households Louisville (KY-IN) MPA Zero Autos 10% One or More Autos 90% Data Source: 2000 Census SF3, Table H44 24

28 TABLE 15 Household Vehicle Availability Louisville (KY-IN) Metropolitan Planning Area Total County Households Total % Total % Total % Total % Total % Total % Bullitt 22, % 5, % 10, % 4, % 1, % % Jefferson 287,012 32, % 107, % 108, % 30, % 6, % 2, % Oldham 14, % 3, % 7, % 3, % % % Clark 38,751 2, % 13, % 15, % 5, % 1, % % Floyd * 27,544 1, % 8, % 11, % 4, % 1, % % Region 390,334 38, % 137, % 151, % 47, % 11, % 3, % Data Source: 2000 Census SF3, Table H44 * includes approximately 0.10 square mile of Harrison County, IN Number of Vehicles Available 25

29 OUTREACH PROGRAM Good planning begins with public outreach. People, particularly those from affected areas and communities of concern, may be able to offer unique insights on identifying transportation problems and potential solutions. The earlier the public gets involved in the planning process, the better the transportation planning process can address their needs. Public information and outreach tools have been created, used, and modified by KIPDA since 1994 to invite everyone to voice their opinions on transportation studies, plans, and projects. During the past 12 years, KIPDA has experimented with many different forms of public involvement, including public meetings, open houses, display booths, radio and television programs, and community advisory committees. KIPDA is constantly evaluating and refining the process to provide a wide array of opportunities for people to get involved in the planning process. The Transportation Planning Public Involvement Plan for the Louisville (KY-IN) Metropolitan Planning Area is the blueprint for public involvement and outreach for the area s metropolitan transportation planning process. The next section, entitled, OVERVIEW, lists some of the outreach tools used to inform the general public and encourage their participation, while the COMMUNITIES OF CONCERN section provides a more detailed discussion of methods used to engage Title VI/Environmental Justice minority and low-income populations, the elderly, persons with disabilities, and the limited English proficiency and low literacy populations. OUTREACH METHODS OVERVIEW Notification of public involvement opportunities A Schedule of MPO Public Involvement Activities is available on the KIPDA website. This includes public involvement activities associated with the update and amendments to the Transportation Plan, Transportation Improvement Program, and the Public Involvement Plan. KIPDA Contacts Database KIPDA maintains a database of contacts on a continuous basis. The database currently includes approximately 6,500 records ranging from individuals, organizations, and committee memberships from throughout the surrounding area. Each record contains all or part of the following information: mailing address, phone and fax numbers, and and internet addresses. The database is used to establish and maintain a list of contacts for electronic meeting notification and announcements. The database has the ability to sort records based upon various information, including: churches, schools, bicyclists, minorities, developers, major employers and youth just to name a few. 26

30 Legal and display advertisements Opportunities for public review of and comment on Long Range Plans and TIPs are published in a variety of newspapers, including The Courier-Journal, Louisville Defender, Oldham County Era, Jeffersonville Evening News, New Albany Tribune, and Pioneer News. Minority media includes Louisville Defender, Hoy, and El Mundo. KIPDA Web Site ( The site provides information about the MPO process, members, meeting times and contact information. Work products, like the TIP and LRP, are available for downloading from the site. The site is continually maintained and updated by KIPDA staff and is used to promote regular and special meetings, planning studies, publications and work products. A schedule of regular meetings of TPC and TTCC is available on the KIPDA web site for at least the current and following month. The Committee material for each regular TPC and TTCC meeting is available for public review and downloading on the site at least seven days prior to the meeting. The current Transportation Plan, Transportation Improvement Program, and the Public Involvement Plan are available at the site. A Transportation Mail Box is included at the site, and the contents are reviewed regularly. Comments collected are then forwarded to the TPC for review and action. Public comments will be posted on the site along with approved planning documents. Functions and tools of the Web site are periodically reviewed and updated with the latest technology upgrades. Horizons Newsletter KIPDA produces a quarterly newsletter that is distributed to approximately 6,500 citizens, government contacts, media, and other agencies. Each issue contains project highlights, current planning project status, upcoming meeting schedules and KIPDA Web site information. For individual projects, like corridor studies, newsletters are used to address specific project information. Special Interest & Agency Newsletters Articles can be written for possible inclusion in other newsletters produced by homeowner associations, church groups, civic groups and others whose constituency may have an interest in the project. These articles can also be placed in county and specialty newspapers and magazines. 27

31 Direct Mailings Mailings are used to announce upcoming meetings or activities or to provide targeted information to a specific area or group of people. Direct mailings are usually post cards, but can be letters, fliers, etc. Announcements Meeting announcements and MPO information is ed to interested parties who have submitted addresses to staff. Citizens may then send responses back to the KIPDA Web site mail box. Public Libraries Transportation plans and TIPs are placed in all public libraries throughout the five county MPA region for public review. Libraries provide key access for the public with diverse hours of operation, Internet availability, and a quiet setting. Press Releases Press releases are sent to local media (newspaper, TV and radio) to announce upcoming meetings and activities and to provide information on specific issues considered by KIPDA or its committees. Insight Communications Community Bulletin Board Information Information about public involvement activities is provided to Insight Communications to be included in the cable station announcements which reach the much of the Louisville (KY-IN) MPA. Posters For the Transportation Plan Update, and when appropriate with other activities, placards are placed inside Transit Authority of River City (TARC) buses announcing opportunities to review draft material and submit comments. Surveys & Focus Groups Surveys and focus groups may be used when specific input is needed from the public. Surveys are used to gather information about specific planning or project issues. A focus group can be used with a specific target group to gauge public opinion and review or collaborate on narrowly-defined planning or project related issues. 28

32 OUTREACH METHODS COMMUNITIES OF CONCERN KIPDA is committed to reaching out to all members of the community for their input, including those who face challenges to getting involved in the metropolitan transportation planning process. In order to improve opportunities to voice their thoughts and ideas, greater outreach emphasis will be given to low income, minority, elderly, disabled, low literacy and non-english speaking individuals and the organizations that advocate and/or provide services on their behalf. KIPDA s diversity outreach efforts include the following: Low-Income & Minority Populations Outreach Methods Presentations to neighborhood groups and community leaders Presentations to cultural, professional and religious organizations Presentations to advocacy groups and coalitions Participation in community events with MPO staff and materials Participation in community events hosted by elected officials Distribution of materials to public libraries Advertisements and features in targeted news media outlets Ensuring that meeting locations are transit accessible Distribution of materials to targeted businesses Posting information on TARC buses Limited English Proficiency & Low Literacy Populations Outreach Methods Presentations to neighborhood groups and community leaders Development of visual materials to simplify the message Translation of materials into Spanish (Citizen s Guide, Advertisements) Translation of materials into additional languages when requested Presentations to ESL classes at community centers Distribution of materials to ESL coordinators in the public school system Distribution of materials to health and employment centers Disabled Population Outreach Methods Engage disabled citizens and their advocates in the KIPDA Alternate Mode and Access Subcommittee. (Center for Accessible Living; TARC s Elderly & Disabled Council) Ensure that all meeting locations are ADA and transit accessible Provide audio or Braille versions of materials when requested 29