Technical Bibliography on Use of Fall Cone for Determining Undrained Shear Strength and Atterberg Limits of Fine-Grained Soils

Transcription

1 Technical Bibliography on Use of Fall Cone for Determining Undrained Shear Strength and Atterberg Limits of Fine-Grained Soils prepared by Alan J. Lutenegger, P.E., PhD. The Fall Cone Test is used extensively throughout the world to determine the Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit and Undrained Shear Strength of fine-grained soils. The author has compiled a bibliography of the technical literature of papers pertinent to the Fall Cone Test that may be useful to engineers and researchers. If readers of this Bibliography are aware of other papers that are not included in this list, please the author at lutenegg@ecs.umass.edu 1

2 Al-Dahlaki, M.H. and Al-Sharify, G.A., A Proposed Approach for Plastic Limit Determination Using the Drop-Cone Penetrometer Device. Journal of Engineering and Development, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp Allbrook, R.F., The Drop Cone Penetrometer Method for Determining Atterberg Limits. New Zealand Journal of Science, Vol. 23, pp Alley, P.J., The Soviet Liquid Limit Device. New Zealand Engineer. Vol. 14, Part 1, p. 32. Azadi, M. and Monfared, S., Fall Cone Test Parameters and Their Effects on the Liquid and Plastic Limits of Homogeneous and Non-Homogeneous Soil Samples. Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 17, Bundle K, pp Belviso, R., Ciampoli, S., Cotecchia, V., and Federico, A., Use of the Cone Penetrometer to Determine Consistency Limits. Ground Engineering, Vol. 18, No. 5, pp Brown, P.J. and Huxley, M.A., The Cone Factor for a 30 0 Cone. Ground Engineering, Vol. 29, No. 10, pp Brown, P.J. and Downing, M.C., discussion of Fall-Cone Penetration and Water Content Relationships of Clays. Geotechnique, Vol. 51, No. 9, pp Budhu, M., The Effect of Clay Content on Liquid Limit from Fall Cone and British Cup Device. Geotechnical Testing Journal, ASTM, Vol. 8, No. 2. pp Campbell, D.A. and Blackford, J.W., Fall Cone Method Used to Determine the Liquid Limit of Soil. Report No. GR-84-11, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver. Campbell, D.J., Liquid Limit Determination of Arable Topsoils Using a Drop Cone Penetrometer. Journal of Soil Science, Vol. 26, pp Campbell, D.J., Plastic Limit Determination Using a Drop Cone Penetrometer. Journal of Soil Science, Vol. 27, pp Campbell, D.J., Stafford, J.V., and Blackwell, P.S., The Plastic Limit as Determined by the Drop Cone Test in Relation to the Mechanical Behavior of Soil Journal of Soil Science, Vol. 31, pp Christaras, B., A Comparison of the Casagrande and Fall Cone Penetrometer Methods for Liquid Limit Determination in Marls from Crete, Greece. Engineering Geology, Vol. 31, pp Clayton, C.R.I. and Jukes, A.W., A One-Point Cone Penetrometer Liquid Limit Test? Geotechnique, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp Das, N., Sarma, B., Singh, S. and Sutraddhar, B.B., Comparison in Undrained Shear Strength Between Low and High Liquid Limit Soils. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp

3 Davidson, D.A., Problems in the Determination of Plastic and Liquid Limits of Remoulded Soils Using a Drop-Cone Penetrometer. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Vol. 11, pp Deka, S., Sreedeep, S. and Dash, S.K., Re-evaluation of Laboratory Cone Penetration Method for High Liquid Limit Based on Free Swell Property of Soil. ASTM Geotechnical Testing Journal, Vol. 32, No. 6, pp Di Matteo, L., Liquid Limit of Low- to Medium-Plasticity Soils: Comparison Between Casagrande Cup and Cone Penetrometer Test. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and Environment, Vol. 71, pp Downing, M.C., The Rapid Classification of Fine-Grained Soils Using Fall Cones. Ph.D. Thesis, The Nottingham Trent University. Farrell, E., Schuppener, B., and Wassing, B., ETC Fall-Cone Study. Ground Engineering, Vol.30, No. 1, pp Federico, A., Relationships (c u w) and (c u - δ) for Remoulded Clayey Soils at High Water Content, Italian Geotechnical Engineering Journal, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp Feng, T.W., Fall-Cone Penetration and Water Content Relationships of Clays. Geotechnique, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp Feng, T.W., closure to Fall-Cone Penetration and Water Content Relationships of Clays. Geotechnique, Vol. 51, No. 9, pp Feng, T.W., A Linear log d- log w Model for the Determination of Consistency Limits of Soils. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 38, pp Feng, T.W., Using a Small Ring and a Fall-Cone to Determine the Plastic Limit. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 130, No. 6, pp Flaate, K., Liquid Limit Determination. A Comparison Between Casagrande Apparatus and Uppal s Penetrometer. Norwegian Road Laboratory, Meddelelser Nr 18. Garneau, R. and LeBehin, J.P., Estimation of Some Properties of Champlain Clays with the Swedish Fall Cone. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 14, pp Grabowska-Olszewska, B., Modelling Physical Properties of Mixtures of Clays: Example of Two-Component Mixture of Kaolinite and Montmorillonite. Applied Clay Science, Vol. 22, pp Gronbech, G.L., Nielsen, B.N. and Ibsen, L.B., Comparison of Liquid Limit of Highly Plastic Clay by Means of Casagrande and Fall Cone Apparatus. Proceedings of the Pan American Geotechnical Conference, 7 pp. Haigh, S.K., Mechanics of the Casagrande Liquid Limit Test. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 49, pp

4 Hansbo, S., A New Approach to the Determination of the Shear Strength of Clay by the Fall-Cone Test. Proceedings of the Royal Swedish Geotechnical Institute, No. 14. Harrison, J., Using the BS Cone Penetrometer for the Determination of the Plastic Limit of Soils. Geotechnique, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp Houlsby, G.T., Theoretical Analysis of the Fall Cone Test. Geotechnique, Vol. 32, No. 2, pp Jefferson, I. and Rogers, C.D.F., Liquid Limit and the Temperature Sensitivity of Clays. Engineering Geology, Vol. 49, pp Karlsson, R., Suggested Improvements in the Liquid Limit Test, with Reference to Flow Properties of Remolded Clays. Proceedings of the 5 th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp Kayaball, K. and Tufenkcl, O.O., Shear Strength of Remoulded Soils at Consistency Limits. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 47, pp Kestler, M.A., Correlations and Comparisons Between the Casagrande Liquid Limit Device and the Fall Cone. M.S. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Kodikara, J.K., Senevitratne, H.N., and Wijayakulasooryia, C.V., Evaluation of Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index by Cone Penetrometer. Proceedings of the Asian Regional Symposium on Geotechnical Problems and Practices in Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp Kodikara, J.K., Senevitratne, H.N., and Wijayakulasooryia, C.V., discussion of Using a Small Ring and a Fall-Cone to Determine the Plastic Limit. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 132, No. 2, pp Koester, J.P The Influence of Test Procedure on Correlation of Atterberg Limits with Liquefaction in Fine-Grained Soils. Geotechnical Testing Journal, ASTM, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp Koumoto, T., Dynamic Analysis of the Fall Cone Test. Journal of the Japanese Society of Irrigation, Drainage and Reclamation Engineering, Vol. 144, pp Koumoto, T., Determination of Both Liquid and Plastic Limits of Clay by the Fall Cone Test. Journal of the Japanese Society of Irrigation, Drainage and Reclamation Engineering, Vol. 146, pp Koumoto, T. and Houlsby, G.T., Theory and Practice of the Fall Cone Test. Geotechnique, Vol. 51, No. 8, pp Kumar, G.V. and Wood, D.M., Fall Cone and Compression Tests on Clay-Gravel Mixtures. Geotechnique, Vol. 49, No. 6, pp Kumapley, N.K. and Boakye, S.Y., The Use of Cone Penetrometers for the 4

5 Determination of Liquid Limits of Soils of Low Plasticity. Proceedings of the 7 th Regional Conference for Africa on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp Ladeira, F.L. and Oliveira, R.E.I., Liquid Limits by the BS Cone Method. Proceedings of the 11 th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 3, pp Lee, L.T. and Freeman, R.B., An Alternative test Method for Assessing Consistency Limits. Geotechnical Testing Journal, ASTM, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp Lee, L.T. and Freeman, R.B., Dual-Weight Fall Cone Method for Simultaneous Liquid and Plastic Limit Determination. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 135, No. 1, pp LeFlaive, E., Les Limites d Atterberg et le Penetrometre a Cone. Bulletin de Liason des Laboratoires des Ponts et Chaussees, No. 50, pp Leroueil S. and Le Bihan, J.-P., Liquid Limits and Fall Cones. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 33, pp Littleton, I. and Farmilo, M., Some Observations on Liquid Limit Values with Reference to Penetration and Casagrande Tests. Ground Engineering, Vol. 10, No. 5, pp Lu, T. and Bryant, W.R., Comparison of Vane Shear and Fall Cone Strengths of Soft Marine Clay. Marine Georesources and Geotechnology, Vol. 15, pp Mahajan, S.P. and Budhu, M., Shear Viscosity of Clays Using the Fall Cone. Geotechnique, Vol. 59, No. 6, pp Mayne, P.W., Hamadock, G.R. and Olsen, H.W., Soil Properties of Offshore Clay from Fall Cone Penetrometer. ASCE Preprint ASCE Convention and Exhibit, New Orleans, La. 12 pp. Mendoza, M.J., Liquid Limit of Soils by Means of the Swedish Fall-Cone. Proceedings of the 15 th National Meeting on Soil Mechanics, Mexican Society for Soil Mechanics, pp Mendoza, M.J. and Orozco, M., Quick and Reliable Procedure for Liquid Limit Determination of Fine-Grained Soils. Geotechnical Testing Journal, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp Mishra, A.K., Ohtsubo, M., Li, L.Y., and Higashi, T., Influence of Various Factors on the Difference in the Liquid Limit Values Determined by Casagrande s and Fall Cone Method. Environmental Earth Sciences, Vol. 65, pp Moon, C.F. and White, K.B., A Comparison of Liquid Limit Test Results. Geotechnique, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp Moreira de Souza, N. and Paranhos, H.S., Comparison Between the Casagrande and Cone Penetrometer Methods to Obtain the Liquid Limit of Soils. Proceedings of the 11 th Pan 5

6 American Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 1, pp Muntohar, A.S. and Hashim, R., Determination of Plastic Limits of Soils Using Cone Penetrometer: Re-Appraisal. J. Teknik Sipil, No pp. Nagaraj, T.S. and Jayadeva, M.S., Re-Examination of One-Point Methods of Liquid Limit Determination. Geotechnique, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp Nagaraj, T.S., Srinivassa Murthy, B.R., and Bindumadhava, Liquid Limit Determination Further Simplified. Geotechnical Testing Journal, ASTM, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp Nagaraj, H.B., Sridharan, A., and Mallikarjuna, H.M., Re-Examination of Undrained Shear Strength at Atterberg Limits Water Contents. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, Vol. 30, pp Nearing, M.A. and West, L.T., Soil Strength Indices as Indicators of Consolidation. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp O Kelley, B.C., Atterberg Limits and Remolded Shear Strength-Water Content Relationships, ASTM Geotechnical Testing Journal, Vol. 36, No. 6, pp Ozer, M., Comparison of Liquid Limit Values Determined Using the Hard and Soft Casagrande Apparatus and the Cone Penetrometer. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, Vol. 68, pp Pardanyi, J., Determination of the Liquid Limit by Cone Penetrometer One-Point Method. Proceedings of the 6 th Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Budapest, pp Prakash, K., discussion of Plastic Limit, Liquid Limit, and Undrained Shear Strength of Soil. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 131, No.??, pp Prakash, K. and Sridharan, A., Critical Appraisal of the Cone Penetration Method of Determining Soil Plasticity. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 43, pp Queiroz de Carvalho, J.B., The Applicability of the Cone Penetrometer to Determine the Liquid Limit of Lateritic Soils. Geotechnique, Vol. 36, No. 1, pp Queiroz de Carvalho, J.B., Liquid Limit of Lateritic Soils: Alternative Method. Proceedings of the 8 th Pan American Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, pp Rajasekaran, G. and Rao, S. N., Falling Cone Method to Measure the Strength of Marine Clays. Ocean Engineering, Vol. 31, pp Rao, H.Y., Determination of Atterberg Limits by Cone Penetrometer. Proceedings of the 8 th Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp

7 Rashid, A.S.A., Kassim, K.A., Katimon, A. and Noor, N.M., Determination of Plastic Limit of Soil Using Modified Methods. Mayalsian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp Razorenov, V.F., Towards a Method of Determining the Liquid Limit of a Soil. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, No. 5, pp Saffaarzadeh, M. and Tovey, N.K., discussion of Some Fall-Cone Tests. Geotechnique, Vol. 36, pp Sampson, L.R. and Netterberg, F., A Cone Penetration Method for Measuring the Liquid Limits of South African Soils and its Implications. Proceedings of the 8 th Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp Sampson, L.R. and Netterberg, F., The Cone Penetration Index: A Simple New Soil Index Test to Replace the Plasticity Index. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 2, pp Scherrer, H.U., Determination of Liquid Limit by the Static Cone Penetration Tests. Proceedings of the 5 th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp Sharma, B., Discussion of Re-Examination of Undrained Shear Strength at Atterberg Limits Water Contents. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, Vol.??????? Sharma, B. and Bora, P.K., Plastic Limit, Liquid Limit and Undrained Shear Strength of Soil Reappraisal. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 129, No. 8, pp Sherwood, P.T. and Ryley, M.D., An Investigation for a Cone-Penetrometer Method for the Determination of the Liquid Limit. Geotechnique, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp Shibata, T. and Nishihara, A., Mechanical Behavior of Remolded Reconstituted Clays Related to Physical Properties of Soils. Characterization of Soft Marine Clays, pp Shimobe, S., Consistency Limits of Problematic Soils by Extended BS Fall Cone Method. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Problematic Soils, Vol. 1, pp Shimobe, S., Correlations Among Liquidity Index, Undrained Shear Strength and Fall Cone Penetration of Fine-Grained Soils. Coastal Geotechnical Engineering in Practice, pp Shimobe, S. and Minegishi, K., Determination of Liquid and Plastic Limits of Soils by Fall Cone Tests. Proceedings of the 4 th International Conference on Civil Engineering, pp Shimobe, S. and Miyamori, T., Determination of Liquid and Plastic Limits of Soils by Fall Cone Test and its Applications. Proceedings of the 31 st Japan National Conference on Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 1, pp

8 Sivakumar, V., Glynn, D., Cairns, P. and Black, J.A., A New Method of Measuring Plastic Limit of Fine Materials. Geotechnique, Vol. 59, No. 10, pp Sivapullaiah, P.V. and Sridharan, A., Liquid Limit of Soil Mixtures. Geotechnical Testing Journal, ASTM, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp Skopek, J. and Ter-Stepanian, G., Comparison of Liquid Limit Values Determined According to Casagrande and Vasilev. Geotechnique, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp Sowers, G.F., Vesic, A., and Grandolfi, M., Penetration Tests for Liquid Limit. ASTM STP No. 254, pp Sridharan, A. and Prakash, K., Discussion of Liquid Limits and Fall Cones. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 35, pp Sridharan, A. and Prakash, K., Percussion and Cone Methods of Determining the Liquid Limit of Soils: Controlling Mechanisms. Geotechnical Testing Journal, ASTM, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp Sridharan, A., Nagaraj, H.B., and Prakash, K., Determination of the Plasticity Index from Flow Index. Geotechnical Testing Journal, ASTM, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp Sridharan, A., El-Shafei, A. and Miura, N., Mechanisms Controlling the Undrained Shear Strength Behavior of Remolded Ariake Marine Clays. Marine Georesources and Geotechnology, Vol. 50, pp Stone, K.J.L. and Phan, K.D., Cone Penetration Tests Near the Plastic Limit. Geotechnique, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp Stone, K.J.L and Kyambadde, B.S., Determination of Strength and Index Properties of Fine-Grained Soils Using a Minipenetrometer. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 133, No. 6, pp Tanaka, H., Hirabayashi, H., Matsuoka, T. and Kaneko, H., Use of Fall Cone Test as a Measurement of Shear Strength for Soft Clay Materials. Soils and Foundations, Vol. 52, No. 4, pp Terzaghi, C., Determination of Consistency of Soils by Means of Penetration Tests. Public Roads, Vol./ 7, No. 12, pp Towner, G.D., An Examination of the Fall Cone Method for the Determination of Some Strength Properties of Remoulded Agricultural Soils. Journal of Soil Science, Vol. 24, pp Uppal, H.L. and Aggarwal, H.R., A New Method of Determining the Liquid Limit of Soils. Road Research Bulletin No. 4. Vinod, P. and Bindu, J., Shear Strength Behavior of Preloaded Highly Plastic Clays. International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 5, pp

9 Wasti, Y., Liquid and Plastic Limits as Determined from the Fall Cone and the Casagrande Methods. Geotechnical Testing Journal, ASTM, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp Wasti, Y. and Bezirci, M.H., On the Determination of the Consistency Limits by the Fall Cone Test. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp Waterways Experiment Station, Determination of Liquid and Plastic Limits of Soils by the Cone Penetrometer Method. Report No. 4, Misc. Paper Weaver, T.B. and Hulugalle, N.R., Evaluating Plastic Limit in Vertisols with a Drop- Cone Penetrometer. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, Vol. 32, Nos. 9 & 10, pp Weston, D.J., A Comparison of the Casagrande Cup and BS Cone Methods for Determining the Liquid Limit of Soils and Discussion of Some of the Uses of Atterberg Limits. National Institute of Transportation and Road Research. Rep. RS/5/78, Council Science Ind. Res., Pretoria. Whyte, I.L., Soil Plasticity and Strength - a New Approach Using Extrusion. Ground Engineering, Vol. 15. No. 1, pp Wijeyakulasuriya, C.V., discussion of Using the BS Cone Penetrometer for the Determination of the Plastic Limit of Soils. Geotechnique, Vol. 40, No. 2, pp Wood, D.M., Cone Penetrometer and Liquid Limit. Geotechnique, Vol. 32, No. 1 pp Wood, D.M., Some Fall-Cone Tests. Geotechnique, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp Wood, D.M. and Wroth, C.P., The Use of the Cone Penetrometer to Determine the Plastic Limit of Soils. Ground Engineering, Vol. 11, No. 3, p. 37. Wroth, C.P. and Wood, D.M., The Correlation of Index Properties with Some Basic Engineering Properties of Soils. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp Youssef, M.S., El Ramli, A.H., and El Demery, M., Relationships Between Shear Strength, Consolidation, Liquid Limit and Plastic Limit for Remoulded Clays. Proceedings of the 6 th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp Yudhbir, and Shukla, R., Water Content - Cone Penetration Behaviour of Fine-Grained Soils. Proceedings of Geo-Coast 91, pp Zentar, R., Abriak, N., and Dubois, V., Effects of Salts and Organic Matter on Atterberg Limits of Dredged Marine Sediments. Applied Clay Science, Vol. 42, pp Zentar, R., Abriak, N., and Dubois, V., Fall Cone Test to Characterize Shear Strength of Organic Sediments. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 135, No. 1, pp