Serie B 1994 Vol. 41 No. 1 Norwegian Journal of Entomology

Transcription

1 Serie B 99 Vol. No. Norwegian Journal of Entomology Published by Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Trondheim

2 Fauna norvegica Ser. B rgan for Norsk Entomologisk Forening Appears with one volume (two issues) annually. Utkommer med to hefter pr. Ar. Editor in chief (Ansvarlig redak:tr) Dr. John. Solem, University of Trondheim, The Museum, 700 Trondheim. Editorial committee (Redak:sjonskomite) Ame Nilssen, Department of Zoology, Troms Museum, N-9(x)() Troms, le A. Srether, Museum of Zoology, Musépl., N-5007 Bergen. Reidar Mehl, National Institute of Public Health, Geitmyrsveien 75, N-06 slo. Editorial policy Fauna norvegica publishes original research dealing with the Norwegian fauna; articles, notes and reviews. Manuscripts of broad and general zoological interest are preferred, but investigations of regional interest are also welcome. Appropriate topics include general and applied (e.g. conservation) ecology, morphology, be haviour, zoogeography as well as methodological development. All papers in Fauna norvegica are revie wed by at least two referees. FAUNA NRVEGICA Ser. B publishes original new information generally relevant to Norwegian entorno logy. The journal emphasizes papers which are mainly faunal or zoogeographical in scope or content, indu ding check lists, faunallists, type catalogues, regional keys, and fundamental papers having a conservation aspect Submissions must not have been previously published or copyrighted and must not be published subsequently except in abstract form or by written con sent of the editor in chief. Subscription Members of the Norw. Ent. Soe. (NEF) wiil receive the journal free. The membership fee of NK 0 should be paid to the treasurer of NEF, Preben ttesen, Gustav Vigelands vei, N-07 slo. Postgiro 0806 FAUNA NRVEGICA er er et felles publiseringsorgan for NEF og NF i samarbeid med de naturhistoriske museer og Norsk institutt for naturforskning (NINA). NINA Adresse: NINA, Tungasletta, 7005 Trondheim Postgiro Enquiries about membership should be directed to the secretary of NEF, 0istein Berg, P.. Box 76, N-7 Asker. Members of the Norw. rn. Soe. (NF) receive the joumal by paying NK 70, nonmembers must pay NK 90 to the Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Tungasletta, N-7005 Trondheim. Postgiro An additional charge of NK 5 per year (surface mail) to cover postage is made for the Nordic countries. For non Nordic countries there are additional annual charges of NK 6 for postage and NK 50 to cover currency exchange costs. Institutions, libraries, etc. are not permitted to subscrlbe through a membership fee. Abonnement Medlemmer av Norsk Entomologisk Forening (NEF) far tidsskriftet fritt tilsendt. Medlemskontingent kr. 0,- innbetales til kassereren i NEF: Preben ttesen, Gustav Vigelands vei, 07 slo. Postgiro Medlemmer av Norsk rnitologisk Forening (NF) mottar tidsskriftet ved A betale kr. 70,-. Andre ma betale kr. 90,-. Disse innbetalingene sendes Norsk institutt for naturforskning (NINA), Tungasletta, 7005 Trondheim. Postgiro Ingen institusjon (som bl.a. bibliotek) kan abonnere til medlemspris hverken pa Serie A, B eller C. Norsk entomologisk forening ser sin oppgave i ã fremme det entomologiske studium i Norge, og danne et bindeledd mellom de interesserte. Medlemskontingenten er for tiden kr. 0,- pr. Ar. Henvendelse om medlemskap i NEF sendes sekretreren: 0istein Berg, Boks 76, 7 Asker. Medlemmer far tidsskriftet fritt tilsendt og kan abonnere til redusert pris pã Fauna norvegica Ser. A (Generell zoologi, hefte pr. âr) for kr. 0,- og pã Ser. C (rnitologi, hefter pr. âr) for kr. 70,-. Disse innbetalingene sendes NINA, Tungasletta, 7005 Trondheim. Postgiro pplag 700. Managing Editor (Administrerende redak:tr) Dr. Kjetil Bevanger, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Tungasletta, N-7005 Trondheim. Editorial Board (Redaksjonsrâd) Kjetil Bevanger, Svein Haftom, Thrine Heggberget, John. Solem, Trondheim. Kristiansen & Wien, slo. ISSN

3 Fllngus gnats from Jostedalen, West Norway (Diptera; Diadocidiidae and Mycetophilidae) GEIR E. E. S0LI S0i, G. E. E. I 99. Fungus gnats fram Jostedalen, West Norway (Diptera: Diadocidiidae and Mycetophilidae). Fauna norv. Ser. B : -. During a study of terrestrial invertebrates in Jostedalen in 988, more than.000 specimens of fungus gnats were caught. species were recognized, belonging to the families Diadocidiidae and Mycetophilidae. The number of species in Jostedalen is exceptionally high when compared to number of species recorded fram other local areas in Europe. The genus Drepanocercus (Vockeroth, 980) is recorded for the first time from the Palaearctic region. ther rare species are Mycomya simulans Vãisãnen, 98, Acnemia falcata Zaitzev, 98, Zygomyia pseudohumeralis Caspers, 980, Anatella aquila Zaitsev, 989. A. fungina Plassmann, 98, Exechia subfrigida Lastovka & Matila, 97. Exechiopsis dryaspagensis Chandler, 977 and E. pseudopulchella (LundstrõIri, 909). Twenty species could not be identified, haf of which undoubtly represent undescribed species. The fauna of Norwegian fungus gnats is poorly documented, and most species recorded here are new to Norway. According to the present knowedge on the distribution of fungus gnats, the fauna in Jostedalen seems to have an affinity to the central/eastern Palaearctic fauna, and has more species in common with the Finnish fauna than with the British. Geir E. E. S0i, Museum of Zoology, University of Bergen, Muséplass, N-S007 Bergen, Norway. INTRDUCTIN The river Josted0a has its origin in the gla dae, Sciardae and Mycetophilidae. Fungus cier Jostedalsbreen, the largest ice cap on the gnats are distributed ali over the world, but European mainland, and runs through the their taxonomy, biology and biogeography valiey Jostedalen. Since the late 970's the are only superficialiy known. ln Europe, the river and its tributaries have been used for fauna offungus gnats has been weli documenproduction of h"ydroelectric power, and a re ted from England, France, Germany, Finland servoir has been built at the lake Styggevatn. and from some regions in the former USSR. As a consequence of these rather pronounced However, only a restricted number of faunal human impacts on the watercourse and parts lists from definite locations has been publishofthe precipitation area, a series ofdocumen ed, most of them from The British Isles and tation programs on the flora and fauna has Germany. been accomplished. ln early 988 a project The first and only survey dealing with dealing with the distribution of invertebrates Norwegian fungus gnats in details is that by was initiated. The field work was carried out Siebke (877). Siebke listed 67 species which the sarne year. Three groups of invertebrates can be referred to Mycetophilidae, but the were selected: soil mites, caddis flies and fun validity ofthese records can only be stated by gus gnats, with emphasize on the former. The a thoroughly examination of Siebke's matecaddis fly fauna is outlined by Andersen et ai. rial. ln the period from 877 to 90 only a (990), and the present work deals with the few scattered records were published (for refungus gnat families Diadocidiidae and My ferences, see Soot-Ryen 9). More recetophilidae. cently some Norwegian records have been Diadocidiidae and Mycetophilidae make published in systematical revisions (Hackup two of seven families in the superfamily man 970, 97; Gagné 98; Vaisanen Sciaroidea, viz. Ditomyiidae, Diadocidiidae, 98). Keroplatidae, Bolitophilidae, Lygistorrhini- Fauna norv. Ser. B : -. slo 99

4 STUDY AREA The valiey Jostedalen, is situated in West Norway (between 6 5' and 6 5'NF, and between 7 ' and 7 0'E), and stretches from Gaupnefjorden, a branch of Lustrafjorden in the inner Sognefjorden, to about 60 km northwards along the eastern part of the huge glacier Jostedalsbreen (Fig. ). The ice cap of this glacier and its sateliites covers an area of about 800 sq.km. The river Josted0la runs through the valiey, and wide flood plains are forming terraces, separated by rather steep slopes. The valiey, thus covers altitudes from sea levei up to 50 meters. For further details concerning the study area, see Andersen et ai. (990). 0yastrondi constitutes the main sampling area, and is situated at the eastern rim of a huge flood plain, Fâbergst0lsgrandane. A rather undisturbed birch forest (Betula pubescens) is stretching from the flood plain and about 00 meters up the valiey side. The forest has a rich and diverse undergrowth, mainly ferns and perennial herbs. Additional samples were obtained from locatities at different altitudes along the valley, and from one side valiey, Geisdalen (Tab. ). ln addition to 0yastrondi, Sprongdalen-Loc. was situated in birch forest. Three other localities, Sprongdalen-Loc. & and Geisdalen-Loc., were situated above the timber line, in oligotrophic alpine heaths. The remaining localities were ali situated in mixed forests. Fig.. The glacier lostedalsbreenand the valley lostedalen in Luster, West Norway, showing the position of the localities. The localities are ) Marheirngilet, ) Fossen, ) Nigard, ) Buhaug, 5) Fâbergst0len, 6) 0yastrondi, 7-9 Sprongdalen and 0-) Geistdalen. (See also Tab..) o 5 0 km,"f,',.; _,''''..., I,,_, I ' C \ 'J \ :' 6'5' : ".,_' - :/ (i,'.v').,-_, (,JS' ",«,Q ",o,,}\,.,;}--),_o '/ C) ;ê..i>., '\I I C... /,r-;, Q... \ \ l:_) \ '<\ -" C-}I;:' <:---? "l... ) ''---tb'l I,,'"...,,,,,, ", \, _, t::j T t_j ': (' \-" /) \.,._-,, ". (]"...--,),/ ",:', '" I \;o 'p "';:f',c' lh., Lake '" - ',\;\ " ii \', ) '- Styggevatn.:y<' '_.lu \,.....,:::::,,' ',) I_:_, -':;-t/_8 -.,,',,- t::jq} " f:: " ;_",/: ':\,\, -::>,_:,; ':-';' (F-:)'.]\)J> (-', ( :" ::. ::: r..:; g..v,r'l \,-- 5,,;._::\ \. c:'\ -;:.::)::-; '- '--'--), -' "'j':i'-: \ -;, I,

5 . Table. Localities in Jostedalen, West Norway, visited during the survey. Alllocalities are situated in the municipality of Luster, EIS-square no. 60. Loeality UTM-ref. M.a.s.!. Method Marheimgilet, Gaupne Fossen VMP0906 VMP et N:et Niard VMP Bu aug VMP Fàbergsmlen VMP 50 0yastrondi VMP Sprongdalen Loe. VMP Net Loe. VMP87/ Loe. VMP Geisdalen 0 Loe. VMP 700 Net Loe. VMP 900 Net Ligth trap Net Net Malaiselnet Net Ligth trap MATERIAL AND METHDS the coliection of the Museum of Zoology, The material comprises about.000 speci Bergen. men, coliected in malaise traps, light traps Where nothing else is stated, information and with sweep nets. The malaisetrap at on distribution is taken from Soós & Papp 0yastrondi was operated from June to (988). September 988. The trap was filled with a mixture of 50% alcohol and 50% ethylenglycol, and emptied at irregular intervals. RESULTS The samples have been united to cover three The material comprises species belon coliecting periods: J une to J uly, J uly ging to the families Diadocidiidae and Myce to August 7 and August 7 to September tophilidae. Emphasize has been put on the. Light traps were used at two locatiies identification of males, as very few females (Nigard and Sprongdalen-Loc. ), during a have been satisfactorily described. Twenty short period in September. Sweep nets were species were not identified, and more thorused extensively at 0yastrondi and at most oughly examinations are needed to clearify other localities (See Tab. ). Except for some their taxonomical position. However, more slide mounted specimens, the material is sto than half of them do probably represent unred in 70% alcohol. AlI specimens are kept in described species. Table. Number crf species offungus gnats fram different countries and locations in Eurape. No refers to number of species in Sciaroidea, excl. Sciaridae; No* refers to number of species in Mycetophilidae.. Country, Iocation No No Referenees FINLAND: TTAL 9 Haekman 980; Vãisãnen 98 ENGLAND: Cambridgeshire, Monks Wood 5 Cole &Chandler 979 Kant. Blean Woods 07 0 Russel-Smith 979 TTAL: 505 Chandler, pers.com. GERMANY: AlIgãu 8 5 Plassmann 978b, 980b Bayern 9 99 Plassmann & Plachter 986 Breitenbaeh 9 Caspers 987 Mornauer Mooses 8 Plassmann 98 Mellum and Memmert Plassmann 988 Thüringens 0 85 Plassmann & Joost 986 AUSTRIA: Lunz 9 Caspers 98 RUSSIA: Moscow Provinee 75 Sakharova 9n SWEDEN: Messaure 6 96 Plassmann 978a. 979, 980a PLEN: Nida-valley 75 5 Mikolajezyk 967

6 SPECIES LIST The species are listed according to Soós & Papp (988). As ali specimens were coliected during 988 oniy dates are Iisted. Family DIADCIDIIDAE Diadocidia (D.) ferruginosa (Meigen, 80) Fossen June 0"; 0yastrondi June- July 50" o" 50, 7 Aug. - Septo 50" o" 00. D. (D.) spinosula Tollet, 98 0yastrondi June- July 0", Juy-7 Aug. 0", 7 Aug. - Septo 0". D. (Adidocidia) valida Mik, 87 0yastrondi June - Juy 0", 7 Aug. - Sept.. 0" o" 0. Family MYCETPHILIDAE Subfamily SCIPHILINAE Mycomya annulata (Meigen, 88) 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. o" 0", 7 Aug. - Septo 50"0" 00. M. bicolor (Dziedzicki, 885) 0yastrondi July-7 Aug. 0". M. cinerascens (Macquart, 86) 0yastrondi July-7 Aug. 0", 7 Aug. - Septo o". M. denmax Vliisanen, 979 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Septo 50' o". M. disa Vaisanen, 98 0yastrondi June- July 0" o". M. egregia (Dziedzicki, 885) 0yastrondi June- July 0", 7 Aug. - Septo o". M. fasciata (Zetterstedt, 88) Marheirngilet June 0"; Fãbergst0en June 0"; 0yastrondi June- July 70" o" 00, Juy-7 Aug. 0". M. hackrr..ni Vaisanen, 98 Geisdalen (Loc. ) June 0" 0. M. lambi Edwards, 9 Fãbergst0ene 7 Aug. 0"; 0yastrondi July-7 Aug. 0' 0". M. maculata (Meigen, 80) Spron:gdalen (Loc. ) 7 Aug. 0" 0. M. neohyalinata Vaisanen, 98 0yastrondi June- July 0" 0"; Geisdalen (Loc. ) June 0". M. nigricornis (Zetterstedt, 85) Sprongdalen (Loc. ) 8.- Septo 0". M. nitida (Zetterstedt, 85) Buhaug June 0" 0 ; Fãbergst0en June 0" 00; 0yastrondi June- July o" o" 0 ; Sprongdalen (Loc. ) June o" o" 60 ; Geisdalen (Loc. ) June 0' o" 00 M. shermani Garrett, 9 Fãbergst0ene 7 Aug. 0" 0 ; 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. 0"0" 0, 7 Aug. - Septo 0 o" o" 60 ; Sprongdaen (Loc. ) 7 Aug. 70" o" 0; Sprongdaen (Loc. ) 8.- Septo 0". M. simulans Vaisanen, 98 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Septo lo". M. trivittata (Zetterstedt, 88) 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. 0" 0", 7 Aug. - Septo 0" 0"; Sprongdaen (Loc. ) 7 Aug. 0". M. tumida (Winnertz, 86) Marheirngilet June 0' 0"; Buhaug June 0" 0 ; Fãbergst0en June 0" 0"; 0yastrondi June- July 0"0' 00,7 Aug. - Septo 0" 0"; Sprongdalen (Loc. ) June 0' 0"; Geisdalen (Loc. ) June 0" 0. M. vittiventris (Zetterstedt, 85) Fãbergst0ene 7 Aug. <t 0; 0yastrondi July-7 Aug. 0" 0', 7 Aug. - Septo 80"0". M. wankowiczii (Dziedzicki, 885) Nigard 8.- Septo 0"; 0yastrondi July 7 Aug. 0"0",7 Aug. - Septo 70'0". M. winnertzi (Dziedzicki, 885) 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Septo 0"; M. sp. (cf. tamerlani Vaisanen, 98) 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Septo 0". Neoempheria pictipennis (Haiday, 8) 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Septo 0". Acnemia nitidicollis (Meigen, 88) 0yastrondi June- July 50" 0", July 7 Aug. 60" 0", 7 Aug. - Septo 600" o". A. falcata Zaitzev, 98 0yastrondi July-7 Aug. 0 0"0',7 Aug. - Septo 60"0". Allocotocera pulchella (Curtis, 87) 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. 0". Monoclona rufilatera (Walker, 87) 0yastrondi June- July 70" 0", July 7 Aug. 0, 7 Aug. - Septo 0" 00. Neuratelia nemoralis (Meigen, 88) Fossen June 0". N. sp. Marheirngilet June 0" 0. Paratinia sciarina Mik, 87 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Septo 0" o" 0. Phthinia humilis Winnertz, 86 0yastrondi June- July 70"0", 7 Aug. - Septo o" o". Polylepta borealis Lundstrõrn, 9

7 Fossen June 0'; 0yastrondi June- July 0' 0'; Sprongdaen (Loc. ) June 0'; Geisdalen (Loc. ) June 0' o'. P. guttiventris (Zetterstedt, 85) 0yastrondi June- Juy 0'; Geisdaen (Loc. ) June 0'. Sciophila Jenestella Curtis, 87 0yastrondi June- Juy 0', Juy-7 Aug. 0'0', 7 Aug. - Septo 0'0'. S. nigronitida Landrock, 95 Fâbergst0ene 7.08, 0'. Syntemna hungarica (Lundstrom, 9) 0yastrondi July-7 Aug. 0'0' 0,7 Aug. - Septo 0. S. relicta (Lundstrom, 9) 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. 0', 7 Aug. - Septo 0' o'. S. sp. (cf. nitidula Edwards, 95) 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Septo 0' o'. Apolephthisa subincana (Curtis, 87) 0yastrondi June- July 0' o' 0, July-7 Aug. 0. Boletina basalis (Meigen, 88) Marheirngilet June 60' 0'; Fossen June 0' 0'; Buhaug June 0' o' 90 ; 0yastrondi June- July 80' o' 90 ; July-7 Aug. 0' 00; 7 Aug. - Septo 7 o' 0'; Sprongdalen (Loc. ) June 0; Sprongdalen (Loc. ) June 0' o' ; Geisdalen (Loc. ) June 0' 0. B. borealis Zetterstedt, 85 0yastrondi June- July 0'. B. brevicornis Zetterstedt, 85 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Septo 0' 0'; Geisdalen (Loc. ) June 0' B. cincticornis (Walker, 88) Fãbergst0en June 0'; 0yastrondi June- July 0' o' 50 ; Sprongdalen (Loc. ) June 70' 0'; Sprongdalen (Loc. ) June 00' o' 0 ; Geisdalen (Loc. ) June 0'; Geisdalen (Loc. ) June 70' o' 00. B. dubia (Meigen, 80) 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Septo 0' 00_; Sprongdalen (Loc. ) June 0' o'. B. edwardsi Chandler, 99 (New name for B. brevicornis sensu Edwards; nec Zetterstedt.) 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Septo 0'. B. gripha Dziedzicki, 885 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Septo 00' o' ; Sprongdalen (Loc. ) June 70' o' 70 ; Sprongdalen (Loc. ) 8.- Sept. 0' o' ; Geis-dalen (Loc. ) June 0' 0 ; Geisdalen (Loc. ) June 0' o' 00. B. groenlandica Staeger, 85 0yastrondi June- July 0' o'. B. lundstroemi Landrock, 9 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Septo 0'. B. moravica Landrock, 9 0yastrondi June- July 0'. B. nasuta (Haliday, 89) 0yastrondi June- July 0' o'. B. nigricans Dziedzicki, 885 0yastrondi July-7 Aug. 0'. B. nigrojusca Dziedzicki, 885 0yastrondi June- July 0'; Sprongdalen (Loc. ) 7 Aug. 0'. B. pectinunguis Edwards, 9 Sprongdalen (Loc. ) 8.- Septo 0'. B. plana (Walker, 856) Marheimgilet June 0'; 0yastrondi June- July 0' 0'; July-7 Aug. 0' o' 00; 7 Aug. - Septo 0'0' 700; Geisdalen (Loc. ) '. B. sciarina Staeger, 80 Nigard 08.- Septo 0'. B. trivittata (Meigen, 88) Buhaug June 0' 0'; Fãbergst0len June 0' o' 0; 0yastrondi June- July 80' o' 0 ; 7 Aug. - Septo 0' 0'; Sprongdalen (Loc. ) June 0' o' 0. B. sp. (cf. maculata Holrngren, 870) Sprongdalen (Loc. ) June 0'. Coelosia tenella (Zetterstedt, 85) Sprongdalen (Loc. ) 8.- Septo 50' o'. Drepanocercus spinistylus Soli, 99 0yastrondi June- July 0'. Dziedzickia marginata (Dziedzicki, 885) 0yastrondi July-7 Aug. 50' 0', 7 Aug. - Sept. 0' o'. Gnoriste bilineata Zetterstedt, 85 0yastrondi June- July 0' o'. G. harcyniae von Rooer, 887 Marheirngilet June 0'. Grzegorzekia collaris (Meigen, 88) 0yastrondi June- July 0' 0', July 7 Aug. 0'. Palaeodocosia janickii (Dziedzicki, 9) 0yastrondi July-7 Aug. 0', 7 Aug. - Septo 0' o'. Synapha vitripennis (Meigen, 88) 0yastrondi June- July 0' o'. Ectrepesthoneura hirta (Winnertz, 86) 0yastrondi June- July 0' 0, July -7 Aug. 0. Leia subjasciata (Meigen, 88) 0yastrondi June- July 50' 0'; Buhaug June 0' o' 0. 5

8 Subfamily MYCETPHILINAE Dynatosoma fuscicorne (Meigen, 88) 0yastrondi June- Juy 0 cj. D. reciprocum (Waker, 88) Buhaug June 0; 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. 0cJ Q, 7 Aug. - Septo Q. D. thoracicum (Zetterstedt, 88) 0yastrondi June- Juy 0. Epicypta aterrima (Zetterstedt, 85) 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. 0. Mycetophila abbreviata Landrock, 9 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. 00, 7 Aug. - Septo 0 0. M. bialorussica Dziedzicki, 88 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Septo 0. M. confluens Dziedzicki, 88 Fossen June 00. M. czizeki Landrock, 9 0yastrondi June- Juy cj 0. M. evanida Lastovka, 97 Fossen June 000; Nigard 8.- Septo 800; 0yastrondi June- Juy 0 cj, Juy-7 Aug. 00,7 Aug. - Septo 60 0; Sprongdaen (Loc. ) 7 Aug. cj ; Sprongdaen (Loc. ) June 0 0 ; Sprong-daen (Loc. ) 8.- Septo 00. M. fungo rum (De Geer, 776) Nigard 8.- Septo 00 7QQ; Buhaug June Q; 0yastrondi June- Juy Q Q, Juy-7 Aug. 8cJ cj, 7 Aug. - Septo Q Q; Sprongdaen (Loc. ) 8. Septo 00 9Q Q. M. ichneumonea Say, 8 Nigard 8.- Septo 0; 0yastrondi Juy 7 Aug. 0. M. marginata Winnertz, 86 Sprongdaen (Loc. ) June 0 cj; Geis dalen (Loc. ) June 0. M. mohilivensis Dziedzicki, 88 Fossen June 0 0; 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Septo 0; Sprongdaen (Loc. ) 8.- Septo 0. M. ocellus Walker, 88 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Septo 00. M. ornata Stephens, 89 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Septo 0 Q Q. M. pumila Winnertz, 86 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. 0, 7 Aug. - Septo 0. M. schnablii (Dziedzicki, 88) 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. 0. M. semifusca Meigen, 88 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. 00, 7 Aug. - Septo M. signatoides Dziedzicki, 88 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Septo 0. M. strigatoides (Landrock, 97) 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. cj0. M. sumavica (Lastovka, 96) 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Septo 500. M. vittipes Zetterstedt, 85 Buhaug June 0; 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Septo 0; Geisdaen (l..oc. ) June cj. Phronia austriaca Winnertz, 86 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Septo 0 cj. P. aviculata Lundstrom, 9 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Septo 5cJ cj. P. biarcuata (Becker, 908) 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. cj, 7 Aug. - Septo 00. P. braueri Dziedzicki, 889 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Septo cj. P. caliginosa Dziedzicki, 889 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Septo cj cj. P. cinerascens Winnertz, 86 Fãbergstf/lene 7 Aug. 0; 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. 0.. I P. egregia Dziedzicki, 889 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Sept. cj cj. P. exigua (Zeuerstedt, 85) Sprongdalen (Loc. ) 8.- Septo cj. P. flavicollis Winnertz, 86 Marheimgiet June 0; 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. 00, 7 Aug. - Septo 00. P. flavipes Winnertz, 86 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Sept. 0 cj; Sprong daen (Loc. ) June 0; Sprongdaen (Loc. ) 8.- Septo 0 cj. P. forcipata Winnertz, 86 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. 00, 7 Aug. - Septo 00. P. humeralis Winnertz, 86 Marheimgilet June 00; 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Septo 0; Sprongdaen (Loc. ) 8.- Septo cj. P. interstincta Dziedzicki, 889 0yastrondi June- Juy 0 cj, 7 Aug. - Septo 0. P. longaelamellata Strob, 898 0yastrondi June- Juy cj. P. lutescens Hackman, 970 0yastrondi June- July cj, July-7 Aug. 00, 7 Aug. - Septo 600. P. nigricornis (Zeuerstedt, 85) Fossen June 0 0. P. notata Dziedzicki, 889 Marheimgiet June 0. P. obscura Dziedzicki, 889 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. 0, 7 Aug. - Septo 0.

9 L p o sp. (cf. mutabilis Dziedzicki, 889) Allodia (A.) anglofennica Edwards, 9 0yastrondi June- Juy d d. Sceptonia fumipes Edwards, 95 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Sept. d d 0. 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Sept. 7d d. A. (A.) lugens (Wiedemann, 87) Fâbergstf/lene 7 Aug. 6d d; 0yastrondi S. fuscipalpis Edwards, 95 Juy-7 Aug. 8dd, 7 Augo - Septo 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Sept. d d 0. S. nigra (Meigen, 80) 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Sept. d d 0. Trichonta atricauda (Zetterstedt, 85) Buhaug June d d; Fâbergstf/lene 7 Augo d o T. bicolor Landrock, 9 50d d; Sprongdaen (Loc. ) June d; Sprongdalen (Loc. ) 8.- Sept. d d. A. (A.) lundstroemi Edwards, 9 0yastrondi June- July d, Juy-7 Aug. d, 7 Aug. - Sept. 5dd; Sprongdaen (Loc. ) 7 Aug. d. A. (A.) pyxidiiformis Zaitzev, 98 0yastrondi Juy-7.08 d o 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Sept. do'; T. facilis Gagné, 98 Marheimgilet June d; 0yastrondi June- Juy d d, Juy-7 Aug. d, 7 Aug. - Sept. d. T. fissicauda (Zetterstedt, 85) 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug.d, 7 Aug. - Septo d; Sprongdalen (Loc. ) June lo'. T. hamata Mik, 880 Marheimgiet June 6dd; Fossen June d; 0yastrondi June- Juy d, Juy-7 Aug. 5d d, 7 Aug. - Sept. 0' d. T. melanura (Staeger, 80) 0yastrondi June- Juy d. T. submaculata (Staeger, 80) Marheimgilet June d; Fossen June Sprong-dalen (Loc. ) 8.- Sept. d. A. (A.) septentrionalis Hackman, 97 0yastrondi June- Juy 0' d, 7 Aug. - Sept. 7d d; Sprongdaen (Loc. ) June d. A. (A.) truncata Edwards, 9 0yastrondi Juy-7 Augo 7d d, 7 Aug. - Septo 9d d. A. (A.) sp. (cf. pyxidiiformis Zaitzev, 98) 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Septo d d. A. (Brachycampta) barbata (Lundstrom, 909) 0yastrondi June- Juy d. Anatella aquila Zaitzev, 989 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Sept. d d o d; 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Septo 60' d ; Sprongdalen (Loc. ) 8.- Sept. d. T. terminalis (Waker, 856) Buhaug June d; Fâbergstf/len June d. T. trivittata Lundstrom, 96 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Septo lo'. T. vulcani (Dziedzicki, 889) 0yastrondi, Juy-7 Aug. 6d d, 7 Aug. - Septo lld d o T. spo A (cf. comis Gagné, 98) 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. d o T. sp. B (cf. generosa Gagné, 98) 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Sept. d d. T. sp. C 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Sept. do'. Zygomyia pseudohumeralis Caspers, 980 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. d. Z. notata (Stannius, 8) 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. d, 7 Aug. - Sept. d. Allodiopsis (A.) domestica (Meigen, 80) 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. d, 7 Aug. - Sept. d. A. (Notolopha) cristata (Staeger, 80) Fossen June l; 0yastrondi June- Juy dd l, Juy-7 Aug. 5dd, 7 Aug. - Sept. 5d d 0, A. ciliata Winnertz, 86 0yastrondi June- Juy d, July-7 Aug. 0" d, 7 Aug. - Sept. d o'. A. flavomaculata Edwards, 95 0yastrondi June- July lo', 7 Aug. - Septo 6d d. A. fungina Passmann, 98 0yastrondi June- Juy d d, Juy 7 Aug.dd l, 7 Aug. - Sept. dd 00. A. laffooni Plassmann, 977 0yastrondi July-7 Aug. d d, 7 Aug. - Septo 95d o'. A. lenis Dziedzicki, 9 0yastrondi Juy-7 Augo d, 7 Aug. - Septo d d. Ao longisetosa Dziedzicki, 9 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. d d, 7 Aug. - Septo d d. A. minuta (Staeger, 80) 0yastrondi July-7 Aug. d d, 7 Aug. - Septo 8d d o A. setigera Edwards, 9 Nigard 8.- Sept. d. A. simpatica Dziedzicki, 9 0yastrondi June- Juy d, Juy-7 Aug. d, 7 Aug. - Sept. 0' o'. 7

10 A. turi Dziedzicki, 9 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. 0",7 Aug. - Sept. 0'. A. unguigera Edwards, 9 0yastrondi July-7 Aug. 0". A. sp. A 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Sept. 0". A. sp. B 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Septo 60"0". A. sp. C 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Sept. 0'. Brevicornu (B.) bipartitum Lastovka & MatHe, 97 0yastrondi July-7 Aug. 0". B. (B.) boreale (Lundstrom, 9) Fâbergstlen J une 0"; 0yastrondi July-7 Aug. 0' 0", 7 Aug. - Septo 0' o". B. (B.) foliatum (Edwards, 95) 0yastrondi July-7 Aug. 0", 7 Aug. - Sept. 0'0". B. (B.) griseicolle (Staeger, 80) 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Septo 0" o". B. (B.) griseolum (Zetterstedt, 85) Fâbergstlen June 0", 7 Aug. 0" o" ; 0yastrondi June- July 0' 0', Juy 7 Aug. 0'0". B. (B.) kingi (Edwards, 95) 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. 0', 7 Aug. - Septo o". B. (B.) ruficorne (Meigen, 88) Fâbergstlene 7 Aug. 0"; 0yastrondi June- Juy 0', Juy-7 Aug. 0"0",7 Aug. - Septo 0" o". B. (B.) se ricoma (Meigen, 80) Fâbergstlene 7 Aug. 0"; 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. 0' 0", 7 Aug. - Sept. 8 o' 0"; Sprongdaen (Loc. ) 7 Aug. 0'; Sprongdaen (Loc. ) 8.- Sept. 90" o". B. (B.) sp. A (cf. bellum (Johannsen, 9» 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. 0" o". B. (B.) sp. B (cf. melanderi Zaitzev, 988) 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Sept. 0'. B. (B.) sp. C Marheimgiet June 0' o". Cordyla brevicornis (Staeger, 80) 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. 0", 7 Aug. - Sept. 0" 0". C. fissa Edwards, 95 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Sept. 0". C. fusca Meigen, 80 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. 0", 7 Aug. - Septo 0" 0". C. pusilla Edwards, 95 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. 0" 0", 7 Aug. - Sept. 0" 0". C. semiflava (Staeger, 80) 0yastrondi June- Juy 0", 7 Aug. - Septo 0". Exechia cincta Winnertz, 86 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Septo 0". E. confinis Winnertz, 86 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Septo 0" o". E. contaminata Winnertz, 86 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Sept. 50'0". E. cornuta Lundstrom, 9 0yastrondi June- Juy 0'. E. exigua Lundstrom, 909 0yastrondi July-7 Aug. 80" 0", 7 Aug. - Sept. 90" o'. E. festiva Winnertz, 86 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. 0" o". E. frigida (Boheman, 865) 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Sept. 00'0"; Sprongdalen (Loco ) 8.- Septo 0' 0'. E. fusca (Meigen, 80) Fossen June 0"; Nigard 8.- Sept. 0"; 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Septo 50" o" ; Sprongdalen (Loc. ) June 0"; Sprongdalen (Loc. ) 8.- Sept. lo'. E. maculipennis (Stannius, 8) Sprongdalen (Loc. ) 8.- Sept. lq. E. nigra Edwards, 95 0yastrondi June- Juy 0', Juy-7 Aug. 00" 0", 7 Aug. - Septo 0" o". E. parvula (Zetterstedt, 85) 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Sept. lo". E. pseudocincta Strob, 90 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. 0". E. spinuligera Lundstrom, 9 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Sept. 0" o". E. subfrigida Lastovka & MatHe, 97 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Sept. 0' 0"; Sprongdalen (Loc. ) 8.- Sept. 0'. E. unimaculata (Zetterstedt, 860) Fâbergst0ene 7 Aug. 0"; 0yastrondi July-7 Aug. 0", 7 Aug. - Septo 0" 0'. Exechiopsis (E.) clypeata (Lundstrom, 9) Nigard 8.- Septo 0"; 0yastrondi Juy 7 Aug. 0",7 Aug. - Sept. 0"0". E. (E.) distendens (Lackschewitz, 97) 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. 0" 0", 7 Aug. - Septo 0"0" QQ. E. (E.) dryaspagensis Chander, 977 0yastrondi July-7 Aug. 0" r:j E. (E.) fimbriata (Lundstrom, 909) 0yastrondi June- July 0", Juy-7 Aug. 0"0",7 Aug. - Septo 0" QQ. E. (E.) furcata (Lundstrom, 9) 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Sept. 0" 0"; Sprongdaen (Loc. ) 8.- Septo 0" 0". 8

11 b E. (E.) grassatura (Passmann, 978) 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. 0 o 0, 7 Aug. - Sept E. (E.) indecisa (Waker, 856) Nigard 8.- Septo 50 ; 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. 0, 7 Aug. - Sept. 00. E. (E.) intersecta (Meigen, 88) Nigard 8.- Septo 0; 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Sept E. (E.) ligulata (Lundstrom, 9) 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. lo 0, 7 Aug. - Septo 0, 7 Aug. - Sept E. (E.) magnicauda (Lundstrom, 9) 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. 0,7 Aug. - Sept. 00. E. (E.) pseudindecisa Lastovka & MatHe, 97 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. 0, 7 Aug. - Sept. 0. E. (E.) pseudopulchella (Lundstrom, 9) 0yastrondi June- Juy 0, Juy-7 Aug , 7 Aug. - Septo E. (E.) pulchella (Winnertz, 86) Nigard 8.- Septo 0 ; 0yastrondi June- Juy 0, Juy-7 Aug. 0, 7 Aug. - Sept. 00 0; Sprongdalen (Loc. ) 8- Septo 0. E. (E.) subulata (Winnertz, 86) 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. 50, 7 Aug. - Sept E. (E.) sp. (cf. forciposa (Tollett, 955» 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Septo 0 o, Nigard 8- Septo 00. E. (Xenexechia) crucigera (Lundstrom, 909) 0yastrondi 7 July-7 Aug. 0. E. (X.) membranacea (Lundstrom, 9) 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Sept. 0. E. (X.) pollicata (Edwards, 95) 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Sept. 0. E. (X.) sp. (cf. crucigera (Lundstrom, 909» 0yastrondi June- July 0. Pseudobrachypeza helvetica (Waker, 856) 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Sept Pseudoexechia trisignata (Edwards, 9) 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Septo 0. Pseudorymosia foeva (Dziedzicki, 90) 0yastrondi July-7 Aug. 0, 7 Aug. - Sept. 80 o. Rymosia bifida Edwards, 95 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Sept. 0. R. fasciata (Meigen, 80) 0yastrondi Juy-7 Aug. lo 0. R. guttata Lundstrom, 9 0yastrondi June- Juy 0, 7 Aug. - Sept. 0. R. placida Winnertz, 86 0yastrondi July-7 Aug. 0 o, 7 Aug. - Sept. 0. R. signatipes (van der Wulp, 859) 0yastrondi July-7 Aug. 0. R. sp. (cf. acta Dziedzicki, 90 0yastrondi June- Juy 0, July -7 Aug. 0, 7 Aug. - Sept. 0. Tarnania fenestralis (Meigen, 88) Nigard 8.- Septo 0; 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Sept ; Sprongdalen (Loc. ) 8. Sept T. tarnanii (Dziedzicki, 90) 0yastrondi 7 Aug. - Septo DISCUSSIN The species The world distribution of most species of Mycetophilidae are only superficially known. However, several of the species reported must be considered rare, as they have previously only been recorded from one or a few localities. This holds for Mycomya simulans, recorded from Eastern Siberia (Vaisanen 98), Acnemiafalcata from the Kola peninsula in Russia (Zaitzev 98), Zygomyia pseudohumeralis from two locations in Germany (Caspers 980, PlassmanD 988), Anatella aquila from Altai and Sakhalin in the former USSR (Zaitzev 989), A. fungina from Lunz in Austria (Plassmann 98), Exechiopsis dryaspagensis from Wales in England and E. pseudopulchella from southem Finland and Bavaria in Germany (Plassmann & Plachter 986). Three species have previously not been recorded outside the eastern parts of the Palaearctic Region, viz. Mycomya simulans, A natella aquila and Exechia subfrigida. The latter is recorded from Mongolia and the central parts of the former USSR. The record of M. simulans is remarkable, and the specimen may cover an undescribed species. Nevertheless, more thoroughly examinitions have ievealed several Eastern Palaearctic species to be more widespread than previously supposedo ne such species recorded here is Brevicornu bipartitum, described from Mongolia, and not recorded outside this area untill two males were published from the St. Petersburg region (Zaitzev 988). The record ofdrepanocercus spinistylus is noteworthy as it represent the first Palaearctic record of the genus, previously known 9

12 I by the Nearctic P. ensi/er Vockeroth, 980 only (see Vockeroth 980 and S0li 99). Most species recorded from J ostedalen must be considered new to the Norwegian fauna. Exceptions from this are most species within the genus Mycomya, well treated by Vaisanen (98). f these only M. denmax, M. egregia, M. lambi, M. maculata and M. simulans are new to Norway. 0 The fauna Most species recorded from Jostedalen are widespread and common in Europe. Notwithstanding, several species tend to have their main distribution in the central!eastern parts of Europe, that means, they have not been recorded west ofgermany, Switzerland and Italy. Such species are Mycomya denmax, M. egregia, M. hackmani, M. simulans, Acnemia lalcata, Polylepta borealis, Syntemna relicta, Boletine borealis, Dynatosoma thoracicum, Mycetophi/a abbreviata, M. sumavica, Phronia aviculata, P. caliginosa, P. longaelamel/ata, Trichonta jaci/is, T. jissicauda, T. trivittata, Zygomyia pseudohumeralis, Allodia pyxidiilormis, A septentrionalis, Anatella aqui/a, Brevicornu bipartitum, Exechia cornuta, E. maculipennis, E. subjrigida, E. unimaculata, Exechiopsis distendens, E. pseudopulchella, E. membranacea and Rymosia guttata. Exechiopsis dryaspagensis is the only species recorded in western Europe only. This points to an affinity between the fauna in Jostedalen and the fauna in Central and Eastern Europe. Such an affinity is also emphasized when comparing the species list with other lists from England and Finland (for references see Tab. ). Thus, 9% of the species here recorded have not been recorded from the British Isles, while only 9% have not been recorded from Finland. As fungus gnats seem to have their optimal habitats at northern latitudes, one should except a rather rich and diverse fauna in Norway. Nevertheless, the very high number of species in this submontans area is noteworthy. Results obtained from other parts of Europe can be used to evaluate the diversity found in J ostedalen (Table ). ln doing this, only Allgau in South Germany and Messaure in Northern Sweden reveals a species richness which outnumbers the one presented here. Still, the numbers are not fully comparable. The species list presented from Allgau is the result of more than three years collecting. From Messaure the material originated from an extensive collecting programme, including various methods such as suction traps, light traps and pitfall traps. This contrasts the present survey, where, in addition to sweep nets, only one malaisetrap was operated at one location for less than months. Hence, a more thoroughly study of fungus gnats in the J ostedalen area would undoubtly add several more species to the list. ln England and Finland the total numbers of species in Sciaroidea (excl. Sciaridae) are more than 50 (Chandler, pers. com) and 9 (Hackman 980; Vaisanen 98). respectively. Given these numbers, one must suppose the Norwegian fauna of fungus gnats to comprise more than 500 species. If so, the fauna of Jostedalen includes at least 0% of the Norwegian species of fungus gnats. Based on the present survey, Jostedalen seems to have an extremely rich and diverse fauna of fungus gnats, with several undescribed and rare species. This fits well with the results obtained from a study of a small sampie ofchironomids (Chironomidae) from the sarne area. Based on this single sample one new genera and two new species were described (Srether & Schnelll988, Schnell & Srether 988). Hence, more comprehensive studies ofthe invertebrate fauna in the Jostedalen area should be initiated. If the river is not allowed to dry out completely for longer periods, the terrestrial fauna will most probably not be seriously affected by the construction of the reservoir at lake Styggevatn. ACKNWLEDGEMENT The field work was financially supported by the Norwegian Water Resource and Electricity Board (NVE). My best thanks to Torstein Solh0Y, Trond Andersen and Mofakhar Hossain for pleasant and inspiring company during the field work, and to Jostein Kjrerandsen for his assistance in the identification of the Exechiopsis and Exechia species. SAMMENDRAG I forbindelse med en unders0kelse av evertebrater i J ostedalen sommeren 988, ble det samlet inn mer enn 000 individer av soppmygg. arter ble identifisert innen familiene Diadocidiidae og Mycetophilidae. Tyve arter er ikke artsbestemt, og minst halvparten av disse er ubeskrevne. Funnet av Drepano

13 cercus spinistylus er bemerkelsesverdig da slekten tidligere bare er representert med én art i Nord Amerika. Andre sjeldne arter er Mycomya simulans Vãisãnen 98, Acnemia falcata Zaitzev, 98, Zygomyia pseudohumeralis Caspers, 980, A natelia aquila Zaitzev, 989,A.funginaPlassmann, 98, Exechia subfrigida Lastovka & Matile, 97, Exechiopsis dryaspagensis Chandler, 977 og E. pseudopulchelia (Lundstrõm, 909). Disse artene er tidligere bare kjent fra et fatall lokaliteter i verden. Forekomsten av soppmygg er svrert darlig unders0kt i Norge, og de fleste artene er nye for var fauna. Antall arter i materialet er meget h0yt sammenlignet med resultater fra andre deler av Europa, og det totale artsantallet i Norge ma anslas til minst 500. En vurdering av fa unaen i J ostedalen viser affinitet til den sentrale/0stlige palearktiske faunaen av soppmygg. Dette understrekes ogsa ved at den har flere arter til felles med den finske faunaen enn med den engelske. REFERENCES Andersen, T., Hossain, M., Solh0Y, T. and S0i, G. E. E Caddis flies (Triehoptera) from Jostedalen, West Norway. Fauna norv. Ser. B 7: 7-. Caspers, N Drei neue Myeetophiliden aus der deutsehen Mittelgebirgsregion (Diptera, Nematoeera). Spixiana : Myeetophiliden aus Lunz, Niederõsterreieh (Diptera, Nematoeera, Myeetophilidae). Entomofauna 5: Myeetop)Iiliden-Fãnge am Breitenbaeh/ sthessen (Bundesrepublik Deutsehland) (lnseeta, Diptera, Nematoeera). NaehriehtenbI. Bayer. Ent. 6: Cole, J. H. & Chandler, P. J The fungus gnats (Diptera Myeetophilidae) of Monk's Wood National Nature Reserve, Cambridgeshire. Ent. Gaz. 0: Gagné, R. J. 98. A monograph of Triehonta with a model for the distribution of Holaretie Myeetophilidae (Diptera). U. S. Dept. Agrie. Teehnieal BulI. 68: -6. Haekman, W New speeies of the genus Phronia Winnertz (Diptera, Myeetophilidae) from Eastern Fennoseandia and notes on the synonymies in this genus. Notulae Ent. 50: Three new speeies of the Allodia lugens group from Northern Norway (Dipt. Myeetophilidae). Ann. Ent. Fenn. 7: A eheek list of the Finnish Diptera. I. Nematoeera and Braehyeera (s.str.). Notulae Ent. 60: 7-8. Mikolajezyk, W Myeetophilidae (Diptera) doliny Nidy. Fragment Faunistiea : 7-. (ln polish.) Plassmann, E. 978a. Pilzmüeken aus Messaure in Sehweden. I. Barberfallenfãnge (lnseeta: Diptera: Myeetophilidae). Senekenbergiana bioi. 58: b. Pilzmüeken (Myeetophilidae) aus dem Allgãu. NaehriehtenbI. Bayer. Ent. 7: Pilzmüeken aus Messaure in Sehweden. II. Luftstrom-Fallenfãnge (lnseeta: Diptera: Myeetophilidae). Senekenbergiana bioi. 59: a. Pilzmüeken aus Mesaure in Sehweden. III. Liehtfallenfãnge (lnseeta: Diptera: Myeetophilidae). Senekenbergiana bioi. 60: b. Neue Pilzmüekenfãnge aus dem Allgãu (Diptera, Myeetophilidae). Mitt. Müneh. Ent. Ges. 70: Pilzmüeken des Murnauer Mooses, berbayern, - erste Ergebnisse im Rahmen einer faunistisehen Aufnahme (Diptera, Nematoeera, Myeetophilidae). Entomofauna, SuppI. : Seeh neue Pilzmüeken aus Sehweden, sterreieh, Grieehenland und Brasilien (Diptera, Nematoeera, Myeetophilidae). NaehriehtenbI. Bayer. Ent. : Pilzmüeken der Nordseeinseln Mellum und Memmert (lnseeta, Diptera, Nematoeera, Myeetophilidae). Drosera 988 (/): Plassmann, E. & Joost, W Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Pilzmüekenfauna Thüringens (lnseeta, Diptera, Myeetophilidae). Faunistisehen Abhandlungen. Mus. Tierk. Dresden : 9-. Plassmann, E. & Plaehter, H Eine erste Bestandsaufnahme der Pilzmücken Bayerns (Diptera, Nematoeera, Myeetophilidae). NaehrietenbI. Bayer. Ent. 5: Russel-Smith, A A study of fungus flies (Diptera, Myeetophilidae) in beeeh woodland. EeoI. Ent. : Srether,. A. & Sehnell, 0. A Two new speeies of the Rheoerieotopus (R.) effesus group. Spixiana SuppI. : Sehnell, 0. A. & Srether,. A Vivaerieotopus, a new genus of rthocladiinae (Diptera, Chironomidae). Spixiana Suppl. : Sakharov, A. V The fungusgnats (Diptera, Myeetophilidae) of Moseow Provinee. Entomologieal review 56: Siebke, H Enumeratio Inseetorum Norvegieorum. Fase. IV. Catalogum Dipterorum Continentem. Christiania. 55 pp. S0i, G. E. E. 99. The first Palaearctie reeord of the myeetophilid genus Drepanocercus Voekeroth (Diptera: Myeetophilidae). Ent. seand. : Soós, A. & Papp, L Catalogue ofthe Palae

14 arctic Diptera. Vol. : Ceratopogonidae Mycetophilidae. Akadémiai Kiadó. Budapest. 8 pp. Soot-Ryen, T. 9. A review of the literature on Norwegian Diptera until the year 90. Troms0 Museums Ârshefte 65 (95) (): 6. Vaisanen, R. 98. A monograph of the genus Mycomya Rondani in the Holarctic region (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). Acta Zool. Fenn. 77: -6. Vocker.oth, J. R New genera and species of Mycetophilidae (Diptera) from the Holarctic Region, with notes on other species. Cano Ent. : Zaitzev, A. I. 98. Dipterans of the genus Acnemia Winn. (Mycetophilidae) in the fauna of Holarctic.. Zoologicekij zurnal 6: (ln russian) Holarctic species of Brevicornu Marshall, groups sericoma, griseicolle and ruficorne (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). Entomol. boz. 67: 9-0. (ln russian) A review of fungus gnats of the genus Anatella Winn. (Diptera, Mycetophilidae) of the fauna of the USSR. Entomol. boz. 68: (ln russian). Received June 99

15 Light trap catches of Caddis flies (Trichoptera) from a regulated and acidified Sllthwest Norwegian river TRN ANDERSEN & FINN E. KLAUSEN Andersen, T. & Klausen, F. E. 99. Light trap catches of Caddis flies (Trichoptera) from a regulated and acidified Southwest Norwegian river. Fauna norv. Ser. B : -8. Light trapping at two sites along the Sira ri ver system in inner Vest-Agder in 989 yielded a total of 988 Trichoptera specimens belonging to 7 species in 7 families. At Tonstad, in the lower reaches ofthe River Sira, altogether 677 specimens belonging to species in 6 families were caught. xyethírafrící Klapálek, 89 (86.%), Polycentropus flavomaculatus (Pictet, 8) (.6%) and Rhyacophila nubila (ZeUerstedt, 80) (.5%) were the most abundant species. The family Limnephilidae made up only 6.7% of the material. At Fidjeland near the lake Fidjeandsvann 09 specimens belonging to species in 7 families were taken. The family Limnephiidae made up 96.5% of the material; Apatanía stígmatella (Zetterstedt, 80) (.8%), Límnephilus vittatus (Fabricius, 798) (5.%) and L. seríceus (Say, 8) (8.6%) were the dominant species. The River Sira watershed is strongly regulated for hydroelectric power and the water flow in the ri ver is reduced. The area is also affected by acid precipitation; average ph at the two trapping sites in 988 were 5.6 and 5., respectively. No previous surveys of the invertebrate fauna in the river have been undertaken. However, the caddis fly fauna shows similarities with the fauna in regulated river systems in central and inner parts of southwest and west Norway. The fauna in inner Vest-Agder also seems impoverished compared to the fauna in less acidified areas in southeast and west Norway. The total number of species now recorded fram inner Vest-Agder is. Trond Andersen, Museum of Zoology, University of Bergen, Musépl., N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Finn Erik Klausen, Sirdal kommune, N-0 Tonstad, Norway. INTRDUCTIN The river Sira and the neighbouring River Kvina watersheds are extensively exploited for hydroelectric power. Together the yield some 6 TWh/yr, equal to approximately 6% of the Norwegian energy consumption. The development started in 96, and there are constructed 7 power stations, altogether. The water is directed through extensive tunnel systems from large water reservoirs in the surrounding mountains. This has led to a strongly reduced discharge in the two rivers. To secure a permanent water flow several wears have been constructed. The area is also affected by acid precipitation, and today the lakes and rivers in the area are strongly acidified. The bedrock is mostly gneissic, with low buffer capacity. The invertebrate fauna in the two river systems were not studied prior to the deve- Fauna norv. Ser. B : -8. slo 99 lopment. Neither seems there to have been carried out any studies on the consequences of the regulation, nor of the more recent acidification. Both hydroelectric exploitation and acidification are known to have harmful effects on the invertebrate fauna. The aim of this study is to give some information on the present status ofthe caddis fly fauna in one of the river systems. STUDY AREA The River Sira is running through the valley Sirdal in Vest-Agder in the southernrnost part of Norway. The river originates in the southwestern parts of the mountain Langfjellene and has its outlet at Âna-Sira. The catchment area is about 900 km Several lakes are situated along the watercourse. After regula

16 Tabe. Trichoptera, given as males/females, taken in light traps at two localities along the Sira river system in inner Vest-Agder in 989. Species Tonstad Fidjeland RHYACPHILlDAE Rhyaeophila nubila (Zetterstedt, 80) HYDRPTILlDAE xyethíra friei Klapálek, 89 PSYCHMYII DAE Tinodes waeneri (Linnaeus, 758) PLYCENTRPDIDAE Cyrnus flavidus McLachlan, 86 C. trimaeulatus (Curtis, 8) Neureclipsis bimaeulata (Linnaeus, 758) Pleetroenemia eonspersa (Curtis, 8) Polyeentropus flavomaeulatus (Pietet, 8) P. irroratus (Curtis, 85) PHRYGANEIDAE Agrypnia obsoleta (Hagen, 86) LMNEPHILlDAE Apatania stigmatella (Zetterstedt 80) Limnephilus borealis (Zetterstedt, 80) L. coenosus Curtis, 8 L. extrieatus McLachlan, 865 L. griseus (Linnaeus, 758) L. lunatus Curtis, 8 L. luridus Curtis, 8 L. marmoratus Curtis, 8 L. rhombicus (Linnaeus, 758) L. serieeus (Say, 8) L. sparsus Curtis, 8 L. vittatus (Fabricius, 798) Halesus radiatus (Curtis, 8) Micropterna sequax McLachlan, 875 Potamophylax eingulatus (Stephens, 87) P. latipennis (Curtis, 8) LEPTCERIDAE Mystaeides azurea (Linnaeus, 76)

17 tion minimum discharge is.7 m /sek. during summer and. m /sek. during winter. At Tonstad (UTM:VLL6705) (55 m a.s.l.) the light trap was situated dose to the River Sira, approximately 00 m above the outlet in Lake Sirdalsvann. The bottom material in the ri ver at the trapping si te consists of medium sized stones, gravei and course sand. There is constructed a wear near the trapping site and the river flows rather slowly. Close to the trapping site the Stream Finsâni has its outlet in Sira. At the outlet Finsâni is rather slowflowing and the bottom material consists of small stones and sand. Between June 987 and March 988 the acidity of the River Sira near the trapping site varied between ph.9 and 6., with an average ofph 5.6 (Sanni & Skogheim 988). ln August 989 the acidity at the trapping site was ph.77. At Fidjeland (UTM:VLL8067) (566 m a.s.l.) the light trap was situated dose to the Lake Fidjelandsvann. At the trapping site the bottom material consists mostly of fine sand, and there are practically no vegetation in the lake. Some 00 m from the trapping site the small Stream H0la has its outlet. The stream is rather rapid and the bottom material consists of larger stones. Between J une 987 and March 988 the acidity at the outlet of Lake Fidjelandsvann varied between ph 5.0 and 5.9, with an average of ph 5. (Sanni & Skogheim 988). METHS The light traps used were modified Robinson traps, fitted w{th mercury vapour bulbs (Philips HPL-N 5W). The caddies flies were caught in a container filled with aethyleneglycol and later transferred to alcohol. The traps were operated from 5 July to ctober 989, and emptied at irregular intervals. RESULTS The total material comprises 988 specimens of 7 species in 7 families, Table. At Tonstad 677 specimens belonging to species in 6 families were caught. Six species had a dominance of % or more, Fig.. The most abundant species, xyethira frici Klapálek, 89 with 58 specimens (86.%), belong to the family Hydroptilidae. Polycentropus flavomaculatus (Pictet, 8) with 79 specimens (.6%) ranged second. This species 6000 c E ü 5000 Q) Tonstad (J) N=677 Q) c. (J) Õ ci 000 z 000 'Il E. 000 ::J 000 o <I) <:( 'Il '" ::E 5 6 Fig. I. Trichoptera species with a dominance of % or more in the light trap catches at Tonstad in inner Vest-Agder in 989. Varflue arter med en dominans pâ %eler mer i lysfelefangstene ved Tonstad i Vest-Agder indre i 989. (J) 000 a5. g. õ I ::J <.> 'Il 'Il <I) E ::J Fidjeland N =09 o.q <I) 'S ::J...j ál Q)!Q "< Q) o..:....j l...j :t Fig.. Trichoptera species with a dominance of %or more in the light trap catches at Fidjeland in inner Vest-Agder in 989. Vârflue arter med en dominans pâ %eller mer i lysfellefangstene ved Fidjeland i Vest-Agder indre i 989. belong to the family Polycentropodidae, a family represented by 5 species and specimens, i.e..% of the material. The only representative of the family Rhyacophilidae, Rhyacophila nubila (Zetterstedt, 80) ranged third with 69 specimens (.5%). f the family Limnephilidae species and 56 specimens were taken, i.e. 6.7% of the material. The families Psychomyiidae and Leptoceridae were represented by one species each. 5

18 At Fidjeland a total of 09 specimens belonging to species in 7 families were taken. Nine species had a dominance of I %or more, Fig.. Limnephilidae was represented by species and 000 specimens, i.e. 96.5% of the total. The three most abundant species all belong to this family: Apatania stigmatel/a (Zetterstedt, 80) with 9 specimens (.8%), Limnephi/us vittatus (Fabricius, 798) with 00 specimens (5.%) and L. sericeus (Say, 8) with 68 specimens (8.6%). Four species belonging to the family Polycentropodidae were taken, while the families Rhyacophilidae, Hydroptilidae, Psychomyiidae, Phryganeidae and Leptoceridae were represented by one species each. DISCUSSIN The species taken are, with one exception, all common and widespread in South Norway; most of them do even reach the northernmost parts ofnorway. Limnephi/us luridus Curtis, 8 is, however, found mostly in coastal areas in south Norway up to outer Sogn and Fjordane (Andersen 97). No comprehensive study of the adult caddis fly fauna in any of the larger river systems in southern or southeastern Norway has been undertaken. However, based on species records from e.g. River Numedalslâgen (Andersen 975, Andersen et ai. 99), the Trichoptera fauna in the River Sira seems to differ strongly both in species diversity and species composition. n the other hand, it clearly shows similarities with the fauna taken in light traps near ri ver systems in central and inner parts of western Norway, most of which are regulated (Andersen 980, Andersen & Tysse 985, Andersen et ai. 978). ln the more coastal parts ofwestern Norway, the Trichoptera fauna in streams and rivers is usually much more diverse (Andersen 976, Andersen & Tysse 985). The most abundant species at Tonstad,. frici, is among the dominant species in severallarger rivers in western Norway, like e.g. the River Storelvi near dda (Andersen 980). Also P. flavomaculatus and R. nubi/a are among the most abundant species in western Norway, inhabiting all types of running water, of these P. flavomaculatus can also be found in lakes. The most abundant species at Fidjeland, A. stigmatel/a, is a common species in larger inland rivers in western Norway, and was also the most abundant species in light trap catches from Lake Vassbygdvann in inner Sogn and Fjordane (Andersen 980). L. vittatus is frequentiy taken in western Norway, but it rarely takes up a dominant position. The species was, however, abundant on muddy bottom in the River Suldalslâgen prior to regulation (Lillehammer 966). L. sericeus is more occasionally met with in western Norway, but it can be rather common in the lower mountain regions in the central and inner parts up to above 000 m a.s.l. (Andersen 979). The effects of regulations on the bentic fauna in streams and rivers are often complexo However, species diversity is generally reduced and the reative abundance of the species altered (e.g. Ward 976). As there was no survey of the bottom fauna prior to the regulation of the Sira and Kvi na watersheds, the consequences of the regulation on this fauna can not be documented. However, the bottom fauna in the River Suldalslâgen in southwest Norway was studied both prior to regulation (96-96), and again after regulation ( ) (Lillehammer 966, 98, Lillehammer & Saltveit 98). Based on larvae samples species were recorded from this river prior to regulation: R. nubila,. frici, Plectrocnemia conspersa (Curtis, 8), P. flavomaculatus, Hydropsyche angustipennis (Curtis, 8), Lepidostoma hirtum (Fabricius, 775), A. stigmatel/a, Chaetopteryx vil/osa (Fabricius, 798), L. vittatus, Halesus tesselatus (Rambur, 8) and Potamophylax latipennis (Curtis, 8). After regulation altogether 8 species were recordedo The regulation had the most serious effect on the case-bearing species, reducing their number from 6 to ; only P. latipennis and A. stigmatel/a were still presento n the other hand, P. flavomaculatus strongly increased in relative abundance, as did all the other caseless species. Two species, Hydropsyche pellucidula (Curtis, 8) and H. si/ talai Dõhler, 96, not taken prior to the regulation, were also recorded. At Tonstad the present study also show a high abundance of the caseless species P. flavomaculatus and R. nubila, but the most abundant species,. frici is, in fact casebearing. No less than case-bearing species were taken at this locality. ln the catches at Fidjeland case-bearing species were even more dominant. However, as many caddis flies, particularly among the limnephilids are known to be strong flyers (e.g. Crichton 6

19 97), some of the species might have originated in ponds and streams not affected by the regulation. Bentic invertebrates are influenced by acidification both indirecty through changes in the trophic levei and directly through physiological mechanisms. As a result both species richness and diversity are often reduced (e.g. Merilãinen & Hynynen 990, Schell & Kerekes 989). Polycentropodids are often found to be abundant in acidified water, while many limnephilids and leptocerids seem to be more sensitive (e.g. Fjellheim & Raddum 988). ln his check-list on Norwegian caddis flies, Brekke (96) recorded 5 Trichoptera species from inner Vest-Agder; four of these were not taken during the present study. Brekke gives no information on localities, but one of the species, H. pellucidula is a typical inhabitant of larger rivers (e.g. Edington & Hildrew 98). According to Raddum & Fjellheim (98) Hydropsyche species lack in the more acidified southwest Norwegian river systems. H. pellucidula might thus be a species which have disappeared from the River Sira in recent years due to acidification. Recently, J ohanson (99) recorded 5 Trichoptera species from Audnedal in inner Vest-Agder. As of the present species are «new» to inner Vest-Agder, the total number of species now taken in the province is. More species can certainly be encountered, but, as pointed out by Andersen et ai. (990) the caddis fly fauna in the southernmost regions of Norway seems to be impoverished when compar.ed to the fauna in southeastern or western Norway. SAMMENDRAG Lysfellefangst av varfluer (Trichoptera) langs et regulert og forsuret vassdrag i S0rvest Norge Vârtluer (Trichoptera) ble fanget i lysfeller pâ to lokaliteter i Sirdal i 989. Tilsammen ble det tatt 988 eksemplarer fordelt pâ 7 arter tilh0rende 7 familier. Ved Tonstad sto fellen plassert ved Sira ca. 00 meter over ut0pet i Sirdalsvann. Her utgjorde xyethira frici Klapálek, 89 86,% av fangsten, Polycentropusflavomaculatus (Pictet, 8),6% og Rhyacophila nubila (Zetterstedt, 80),5%. Ved Fidjeland sto fellen plassert nrer Fidjelandsvann. Apatania stigmatella (Zetterstedt, 80) med,8%, Limnephilus vi/ tatus (Fabricius, 798) med 5,% og L. sericeus (Say, 8) med 8,6% var de mest dominerende artene. Bade Sira og naboelven Kvina er sterkt utbygget. Tilsammen gir de 6 milliarder KWh pr. âr eller omkring 6% av Norges kraftforbruk. Det er bygget 7 kraftverk og vannet ledes i tuneller direkte fra magasiner i fjellet. Dette f0rer til at vannf0ringen i elvene er redusert. I tillegg har sur nedb0r f0rt til forsuring i omrâdet i l0pet av de senere arene. Vi vet at bâde kraftutbygging og forsuring har negative f0lger for bunnfaunaen. Dessverre ble det ikke foretatt noen unders0kelser av denne faunaen f0r utbyggingen startet, og den er heller ikke blitt unders0kt senere. Det er derfor ikke mulig â trekke direkte konklusjoner angaende endringer i artssammensetning eller dominansforhold. I Suldalslâgen ble det derimot foretatt unders0 kelser av bunndyrfaunaen bâde f0r og etter utbygging. Her forsvant de fleste av de husbyggende artene, mens nettspinnende arter som P. flavomaculatus og rovformer som R. nubila tok over. Faunaen vi finner i Sira i dag er ellers ikke ulik den vi finner i regulerte vassdrag i midtre og indre deler av Vestlandet. Fjorten av artene er ikke tidligere tatt i indre Vest-Agder, og tilsammen er det na rapportert arter fra denne regionen. Selv om det sikkert kan patreffes flere arter, synes de s0rligste omrâdene av landet a ha en fattig vârflue fauna. Dette kan muligens skyldes forsuring. REFERENCES Andersen, T. 97. Caddis flies (Trichoptera) from the outer part of Sogn and Fjordane. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. : 5-9. Andersen, T Caddis flies (Trichoptera) from Vestfold, south-eastern Norway. Norw. J. ent. : Andersen, T Lysfellefangst av Trichoptera pâ ster0y, ytre Hordaland. L Diversitet, flygeperioder og kj0nnsfordeling pâ tre lokaliteter. Unpubl. thesis. Zoologisk Múseum, Univ. Bergen. 5 pp. Andersen, T Trichoptera. Fauna Hardangervidda : -8. Andersen, T Relative abundance and flight periods of Trichoptera at Lake Vassbygdvann, West Norway. Fauna norv. Ser. B 7: 5-. Andersen, T. & Tysse, A The adult Tri 7

20 ehoptera eommunity in two western Norwegianrivers. NotuI. ent. 65: 8-9. Andersen, T., Fjellheim, A., Larsen, R. & tto, C Relative abundanee and flight periods of Ephemeroptera, Pleeoptera, and Triehoptera in a regulated West Norwegian river. Norw. J. ent. 5: 9-. Andersen, T., Hansen, L.., Johanson, K. A., Solh0Y, T. & S0li, G. E. E Faunistieal reeords of Caddis flies (Triehoptera) from Aust-Agder and Vest-Agder, South Norway. Fauna norv. Ser. B 7: -. Andersen, T., Hansen, L.., Johanson, K. A. & Sagvolden, B. A. 99. Faunistieal reeords of Caddis flies (Triehoptera) from Buskerud, South Norway. Fauna norv. Ser. B 0: Brekke, R. 96. Norwegian Caddisflies (Triehoptera). Norsk enl Tidsskr. 7: Criehton, M. I. 97. A study of eaddis flies (Triehoptera) of the family Limnephilidae, based on the Rothamsted Inseet Survey J. ZooI., Lond. 6: Edington, J. M. & Hildrew, A. G. 98. A key to the easeless Caddis larvae of the British Isles with notes on their eeology. Freshwater BioI. Assoe., Seientifie pubi. : -9. Fjellheim, A. & Raddum, G. G Bireh leaf proeessing and assoeiated maeroinvertebrates in an aeidified lake subjeeted to liming. HydrobioI. 57: Johanson, K. A. 99. Additions to the eaddis fly fauna (Triehoptera) in the Agder eounties, South Norway. Fauna norv. Ser. B 8: 8-9. Lillehammer, A Bottom fauna investigations in a Norwegian River. The influenee of eeologieal faetors. Nytt Mag. Zool. : 0-9. Lillehammer, A. 98. Eeology of the Suldalslâgen river in western Norway before its regulation. Fauna norv. Ser. A 5: -0. Lillehammer, A. & Saltveit, S. J. 98. The effeet of the regulation on the aquatie maeroinvertebrate fauna ofthe river Suldalslâgen, pp. 0 0 in: Lillehammer, A. & Saltveit, S. J. (eds.) Regulated Rivers. Proe. nd Int. Symp. on Regulated Streams. Universitetsforlaget, slo. Merilãinen, J. J. & Hynynen, J Benthie invertebrates in relation to aeidity in Finnish forest lakes, pp in: Kauppi et ai. (eds.) Aeidifieation in Finland. Springer-Verlag. Berlin, Hcidelberg. Raddum, G. G. & Fjellheim, A. 98. Aeidifieation and early warning organisms in freshwater in western Norway. Verh. Int. Ver. Limnol. : Sanni, S. & Skogheim, Sira og Sinnesvatnet. Resipientunders0kelse og overvâking. Rogalandsforskning, RF-75/88: l-5. Sehell, V. A. & Kerekes, J. J Distribution, abundanee and biomass ofbenthie maeroinvertebrates relative to ph and nutrients in eight lakes of Nova Seotia, Canada. Water Air Soil Pollut. 6: I Ward, J. V Comparative limnology of differentially regulated seetions of a Colorado mountain river. Areh. HydrobioI. 78: 9. Reeeived 0 Mareh 99. 8