Food & Nutrition Security: Evidence from the UK Expenditure and Food Survey

Transcription

1 Food & Nutrition Security: Evidence from the UK Expenditure and Food Survey UK Data Service Living Costs and Food Survey User Meeting Royal Statistical Society Tuesday 20 March 2012 Dr Christopher Deeming, Geographical Sciences

2 BACKGROUND 2

3 Some history Dr. Edward Smith 1863/64, first national food inquiry in Britain 370 budgets of the (poor) agricultural and urban labourer from different parts of the country Devised a food standard Findings: average quantity of food too little for health and strength 3

4 John Burnett: 4 a remarkable pioneering survey thirty years or more before the surveys of Booth and Rowntree he had invented the idea of a minimum subsistence level below which civilised life was not possible, and based not merely on crude earnings but on the nutritional value of food (1968: )

5 Replicate today / Aim of study 5 examine the household characteristics associated with food and nutrition security in the UK population aged 60 years and over

6 1. Household consumption data (EFS/LCF) 6

7 2. Nutrient conversion tables 7

8 3. Dietary guidelines - DRVs 8

9 METHODS 9

10 EFS household expenditure survey data (diaries and receipts + home-grown food) 10

11 UK food composition tables contain around 3500 foods 11 Food Protein g Fat g Carbohydrate g Energy kcal Grapefruit, raw Grapefruit, canned in juice Grapefruit, canned in syrup 0.6 Tr* Tr* Grapes, average Guava, raw *Trace amount of nutrient. Source: Food Standards Agency.

12 Defra query: calculating nutrient intake (consumption data + conversion factors) 12

13 Energy & nutrient intake from all food & drink (study & official figures) 13 Study 60+ Defra Singles Couples Calcium mg 1,178 1,151 1,171 1,057 Copper mg Energy kcal 2,576 2,649 2,663 2,371 Folate ug Iron mg Magnesium mg Protein g Riboflavin mg Vitamin A ug 4,318 4,496 4,442 3,880 Vitamin C mg Zinc mg

14 Preliminary Analysis: Nutrient distributions 14

15 Assessing the diets against DH DRVs 15 Nutrient Unit Females Males Calcium mg Copper mg Energy at age: kcal Folate ug Iron mg Magnesium mg Protein g Riboflavin mg Vitamin A ug Vitamin C mg Zinc mg

16 Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) 16 Reference Nutrient Intakes (RNIs) and Estimated Average Requirements (EARs) cover 97.5% pop Vit D is low in older population so excluded Salt intake higher than recs so excluded, challenge for industry Not all vitamins and minerals included by conversion factors, e.g. Vit K

17 FINDINGS 17

18 Households aged 60 plus classified food & nutrition secure % % 90% 80% 70% Calcium Copper Energy Fat Folate Iron Magnesium Protein Riboflavin Vitamin A Vitamin C Zinc Secure

19 Expenditure Quintile Calcium Expenditure Quintile Copper Expenditure Quintile Energy Expenditure Quintile Calcium Expenditure Quintile Copper Expenditure Quintile Energy Expenditure Quintile Protein Expenditure Quintile Riboflavin Expenditure Quintile VitaminA Expenditure Quintile Zinc Expenditure Quintile VitaminC Expenditure-Nutrition (older persons) 19

20 Income Quintile Calcium Income Quintile Copper Income Quintile Energy Income Quintile Folate Income Quintile Iron Income Quintile Magnesium Income Quintile Protein Income Quintile Riboflavin Income Quintile VitaminA Income Quintile VitaminC Income Quintile Zinc Income-Nutrition (older persons)

21 Logit: EFS variables in the model Variables a005p a004 a012p a015 a062 p389 a122 b403, b405 p026 b418 b421 a010 a094 Gorx a055 Description Age Sex (male/female) Ethnic origin Employment position Household composition Normal weekly disposable household income Housing tenure Disability living allowances Incapacity benefit Severe disablement benefit Attendance Allowance Age completed full-time education NS-SEC (socio-economic) Government office region Sampling month 21

22 Relative odds of food & nutrition security 22 Age Base Category NS * *<0.05; **<0.01; ***< NS Non Significant

23 Relative odds of food & nutrition security 23 Income Quintile 1.00 Base Category 0.97 NS 1.10 NS 0.75 * 0.75 * *<0.05; **<0.01; ***< NS Non Significant

24 Relative odds of food & nutrition security 24 Housing tenure Home owner 1.00 Base Category Private rental 0.96 NS Social housing 0.75 ** *<0.05; **<0.01; ***< NS Non Significant

25 Relative odds of food & nutrition security 25 Household Composition Couple 1.00 Base Category Single woman 0.89 NS Single man 0.82 * *<0.05; **<0.01; ***< NS Non Significant

26 Relative odds of food & nutrition security 26 Labour force Yes 1.00 Base Category No 0.71 * *<0.05; **<0.01; ***< NS Non Significant

27 Relative odds of food & nutrition security 27 Disability Yes 1.00 Base Category No 0.78 * *<0.05; **<0.01; ***< NS Non Significant

28 Summary findings: food & nutrition secure 28 Age % less likely than age income quintiles 25% less likely than top Social housing 25% less likely than home owners Those not in work 30% less likely than in work Single man 18% less likely than couple Claiming disability benefit 22% less likely

29 Conclusions 29 Household expenditure surveys like the EFS can provide an important source of data to examine issues and risks relating to food and nutrition insecurity Food quantity issue for ⅓ older households Nutrition quality issue for ¾ older households Household characteristics appear to matter

30 Methodological Issues and Limitations Reasons for food insecurity not clear: - material circumstances? - personal choice? - access to food an issue? Actual consumption? - EFS 2 week period largely expenditure - Other dietary surveys measure actual consumption: - NDNS (weigh food 4 days) - LIDNS (24hr recall)

31 Methodological Issues and Limitations EFS does not record: - How food is shared within households? - Household food waste? Estimates range from 10-30% - Use of supplements (up to ⅓ of people take food supplements)

32 Acknowledgements 32 The ONS material used in this study is Crown Copyright and has been used with relevant permissions. The study is registered with the UK Data Archive (datasets for usage: 20136, study number: 4697).

33 33