Emerging Technology Forum PUBLIC SAFETY BROADBAND WHAT, WHEN, AND WHY ANDY SEYBOLD VICE-CHAIRMAN, APCO BROADBAND COMMITTEE

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1 Emerging Technology Forum PUBLIC SAFETY BROADBAND WHAT, WHEN, AND WHY ANDY SEYBOLD VICE-CHAIRMAN, APCO BROADBAND COMMITTEE January 31, 2013

3 Public Safety Broadband Network Changing Public Safety Communications Designed to AUGMENT and not replace existing Mission-Critical voice networks Voice MAY be possible in the future Big difference between dial-up voice and Mission-Critical PTT voice LTE is the latest broadband band technology but is VERY different from LMR 3 Copyright 2013

4 Services It Will Provide Data to and from First Responders During patrol and incidents Advanced data applications Fingerprints, EKG, floor plans, access to databases More information for those responding More information for incident command New applications not available today Local, regional, and nationwide applications 4 Copyright 2013

5 Services It Will Provide (2) Fixed image and video capabilities Pictures of suspects sent to responders Pictures received by PSAPs from Public Video From the first responders From the scene to other units and command From fixed cameras to responders To others to help identify bomb type, etc. 5 Copyright 2013

6 Types of Devices Supported In-vehicle cameras In-vehicle notebooks and tablets Handheld smartphone -type devices Handheld tablets Future Combination LMR/LTE devices Body-worn cameras and sensors 6 Copyright 2013

7 What LTE Is LTE: Long Term Evolution Some call it 4G for fourth-generation wireless First cellular technology designed for data and video from the beginning PS network based on worldwide commercial standard for the first time Means wider variety of types of devices 7 Copyright 2013

8 Spectrum Used 700-MHz spectrum Adjacent to Verizon Wireless LTE system Adjacent to PS LMR 700-MHz spectrum LMR channels are 12.5 KHz wide and support a single voice conversation PS LTE channel is 10 MHz X 10 MHz wide Supports multiple data and video sessions Ideal spectrum for wide-area/in-building use 8 Copyright 2013

9 PSBN: 20 MHz of Broadband Spectrum Public Safety 700 MHz: 20 MHz of Broadband Spectrum and 12 MHz of Narrowband Spectrum Base Transmit (Downlink) Mobile Transmit (Uplink) C 11 (Verizon Wireless) A 1 D 5 PS BB 5 G B 1 PS NB 6 B 1 C 11 (Verizon Wireless) A 1 D 5 PS BB 5 G B 1 PS NB 6 B AT&T LTE in Lower 700- MHz Band Single Nationwide Public Safety Broadband License (PSBL) (Licensed to the Public Safety Spectrum Trust) To Be Licensed to the First Responder Network Authority Spectrum Allocated To Public Safety By Congress (HR3630) on February 17, 2012 To Be Licensed to the First Responder Network Authority 9 Copyright 2013

11 Roadmap: First Generation to LTE 1G 2G 3G 4G TDMA voice HSPA+ data AT&T, others AT&T, T-Mobile AMPS voice GSM voice, text, data GSM voice, text, data LTE Data, Text, Voice AT&T, Verizon AT&T, T-Mobile AT&T, T-Mobile AT&T, Verizon, Sprint and Clearwire CDMA voice, text, data CDMA voice, text, data WiMAX Data, Text, Voice Verizon, Sprint Verizon, Sprint Sprint/ Clearwire 11 Copyright Copyright 2013

13 How It Works: Backhaul Phone connects to cell tower with strongest signal Registers its ID Operator maintains directory of active phones Backhaul T1, fiber, microwave Data to operator s subnet and Internet Nationwide: any device works on the network anywhere 13 Copyright 2013

15 LTE Broadband System Design LMR Systems Base High-level sites High-power transmit Transmit as needed Coverage miles Omni antenna LMR Mobile/HT High power (5-100W) External antennas Talk-around (simplex) LTE Broadband Cell Low-level sites Low-power transmit Transmits 24/7 Coverage 1-5 miles Sectored antennas LTE Devices Low power (250 MW) Built-in antennas MUST use cell site 15 Copyright 2013

16 Other Differences LMR Wireline/control station/microwave Low capacity requirements Dumb networks Trunked are semi-smart Set and forget External spkr/mic Channel change by user LTE Broadband Fiber/microwave High capacity Mbps per site Smart cell sites Requires network core Modify perimeters to handle data demand on real-time basis Channel change by network 16 Copyright 2013

18 Sites Versus Coverage SBC Fire Department VHF (150 MHz) 6 simulcast sites Satellite receivers Covers 95% of county Indoor coverage: good to 5W HT Connections Microwave/telco Control stations One-to-many: yes LTE broadband system (proposed) 700 MHz 62 sites Covers 93% of county Indoor coverage will be fair Connections Fiber/microwave One-to-many: no 18 Copyright 2013

19 LMR and LTE Terminology Two Different Wireless Languages

20 LMR and LTE: Different Languages LMR Speak Base station/repeater Tower/radio location Mobile/HT Omni-directional antenna Output power in Watts 5 Watts = 37 dbm Connection to dispatch Simulcast Narrowband voice LTE Speak enodeb RAN (Radio Access Network) User device Sectored antennas Output power in dbm 24 dbm = 250 MilliWatts Network backhaul Multi-cast (future) Broadband data/video 20 Copyright 2013

21 LTE Basics

22 LTE System Basics LTE is cellular-based Mostly low-level sites with 3 sets of antennas, each covering 120 degrees (called cell sectors) LTE reuses same spectrum for each sector and each cell site System design is critical because overlapping cell sectors can cause system interference thus reducing data rates LTE uses three outbound and two inbound data rates Closer you are to cell center the higher the data rate At cell edge, data rates can be very slow (256 Kbps or less) LTE is designed for multiple antenna use MIMO Can be configured for MIMO from the cell site, one antenna from the device (Verizon s system) Note: Impact to tower rentals and wind loading Can be designed for MIMO in both directions MIMO increases range and data speeds MIMO reduces interference from multipath 22 Copyright 2013

23 All LTE Wireless Bandwidth Is Shared Bandwidth is shared On a sector basis Data speeds vary Close to cell center Mid-range in coverage Edge of cell Single user within a sector Gets all capacity and speed Multiple users share total available bandwidth Each Cell Site Divided into 3 sectors Each sector has same capacity 23 Copyright 2013

24 Typical LTE Cell Site at 700 MHz Data speeds down to device/up from device speeds/capacity are per sector. 3X for site Capacity in each sector shared by all users in the sector These are typical numbers, may vary from system to system 3 data speeds to devices 2 data speeds from devices 24 Copyright 2013

25 Data Rates for Data/Video

26 LTE System Basics LTE was designed to operate on different amounts of spectrum 1.4, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 MHz (times 2) The more spectrum available, the better the data rates and the more capacity on a per-cell-sector basis Verizon building out in 12X12 MHz of spectrum (22 MHz total) Public Safety now has 10X10 MHz (20 MHz total) Cell sizes supported 5 Km (3+ miles) Maximum of 100 Km (62 miles) However, network degradation beyond 30 Km (18.5 miles) 26 Copyright 2013

27 LTE System Basics (cont.) LTE includes many parameters for network performance Data rates up and down can be changed Quality of Service (QoS) is implemented in LTE Various levels of priority service are available Networks can be set for static configurations or parameters can be changed based on demand for services Network will evolve making use of several types of cell sites Macro sites main sites with 3 sectors to cover major areas Micro-sites smaller sites, used for fill in where it is not practical to build full macro sites Pico sites even smaller sites again used for fill in or to add capacity to the network Femtocell and Distributed Antennas Systems (DAS) will be used to enhance inbuilding coverage 27 Copyright 2013

28 Shared Bandwidth/Capacity Bandwidth will not be an issue for normal dispatch, patrol, location, and other services spread out over a city or county Where it becomes an issue When a large incident occurs in a confined area LTE coverage from only one or two cell sectors In this case, real-time network management will be required Priority traffic settings, which videos are important Change video resolution/frame rate 28 Copyright 2013

29 Will Public Safety LTE Network Be Mission Critical? PS LMR IS MISSION-CRITICAL TODAY; WILL PS LTE BE MISSION-CRITICAL?

30 Super Storm Sandy FCC reported 25% of commercial cell sites were out of service Most sites have multiple networks on them Network operators staged Repair crews/parts Cells On Wheels (COWs) They were out of service because Multiple points of failure Repairs crews not permitted in area 30 Copyright 2013

31 Commercial Cellular (LTE) Networks Commercial LTE networks are not missioncritical grade Cellular networks have multiple points of failure during natural or manmade disaster Public Safety needs mission-critical grade networks 31 Copyright 2013

33 Cell Site Points of Failure At cell site Damage to antennas, towers, buildings Tower-mounted antennas stand up better than roof-mounted antennas much of the time AC power fails at site Some sites have generators (how much fuel?) Some sites only have batteries (6 hours) Some smaller sites have no back-up Backhaul (phone line, microwave, fiber) 33 Copyright 2013

34 Failures Between Site and Network Power outage Downed power lines, flooded vaults Backhaul outage Fiber or telco on power poles Fiber or telco underground Microwave failure and/or antenna alignment Switching center failure Multiple of the above 34 Copyright 2013

35 Getting Back into Service Power and backhaul services Requires utility company to fix/repair Generator fuel requires site access Tower or antenna damage Requires site access During and after Sandy People, equipment staged and ready Access was denied because of hazards 35 Copyright 2013

36 Good News About Cell Systems Outage of a single tower only disrupts a small area In a city might be several blocks radius In suburbs could be 3-5 miles radius Rural might be miles radius Some sites can fill in for other sites by design Cells on wheels can be mobilized 36 Copyright 2013

37 Downside of Cell Systems If a cell site is off the air Users have NO communications Cellular devices (today) are 100% dependent on the network There is no fallback Today more than 30% of the population does not even own a wired phone Cell systems are best effort systems 37 Copyright 2013

38 Public Safety LMR Systems Are built to higher standards Fewer, more robust radio sites Have one or more fallback modes Conventional repeater to talk-around Simulcast as standalone repeaters Trunked to each site as a standalone And ALL have simplex or talk-around 38 Copyright 2013

39 How to Harden LTE If we co-locate on commercial sites Higher-rated generators with more fuel at site Underground utility feeds Not always possible Microwave in addition to fiber We should also use PS sites They are already hardened They can serve as first line of defense 39 Copyright 2013

40 LTE Mission-Critical Bottom Line LMR (voice) Fewer sites Fewer points of failure Fallback from Operational system Partially operational Unit-to-unit (simplex) Higher-power devices More unit-to-unit range LTE (data/video) Many more sites More points of failure Fallback: none today No unit-to-unit (today) If VOICE is moved from LMR to LTE, will Public Safety still have robust enough voice? 40 Copyright 2013

42 LTE Voice Commercial operators will, at some point, support Voice over IP (VoLTE) for telephone calls Non-mission-critical voice Some believe commercial operators already providing voice over LTE NOT TRUE Except for MetroPCS in a few markets Dial-up voice today handled on their 2G and 3G networks, NOT on their LTE networks 42 Copyright 2013

43 Typical Commercial Voice Services Voice for telephone calls Single user to network for voice calls Dial or receive call from another person Push-to-talk services Available today on some 2G, 3G/LTE networks Each network has own proprietary PTT Non-mission-critical in nature Ability to assign multiple talk groups 43 Copyright 2013

44 LTE: Multiple Types of Voice Types VoIP for telephone calls On-network push-to-talk Off-network (simplex, tactical, talk-around) Two levels of voice services Non-mission-critical (administrative) Mission-critical (full Public Safety grade) 44 Copyright 2013

45 On-Network Voice Services Administrative on-network push-to-talk Mission-critical on-network push-to-talk Multi-zone dispatch and citywide Incident coordination channels What we know Non-mission-critical PTT is possible What we don t know What else is possible and when 45 Copyright 2013

46 Off-Network Voice Services Most commercial operators do NOT understand this requirement Believe on-network voice is all that is required Yet it is one of the most important parts of Public Safety communications In-building, out-of-network coverage voice communications is still vital! 46 Copyright 2013

47 Off-Network Voice In-building coverage Out-of-network coverage Multiple channels available Wild fires require LOTS of off-network channels Easy to use, fast to set up TODAY: No support for off-network voice PSCR/standards bodies engaged 47 Copyright 2013

49 CONCLUSIONS

50 LTE Benefits LTE Public Safety Broadband Mission-critical data and video services to Public Safety communications Nationwide, fully interoperable data/video network Lower-cost devices because they are based on commercial technology Public Safety will have full control of the Public Safety LTE network Won t have to share the network with commercial customers or Will have full-pre-emptive priority on the network Public Safety was given the D Block because 10 MHz of spectrum would not provide enough data capability even for routine incidents that will require data and video services Public/private partnerships will provide both Public Safety and commercial broadband services to rural America And faster than any other proposed rural broadband plan! 50 Copyright 2013

51 What Public Safety Must Learn LMR and LTE systems are very different Different design criteria Different types of operation Different types of applications and capabilities LTE systems bandwidth will need to be managed on an incident-byincident basis The networks will cost more to build and operate Device prices will be lower and more affordable Network construction will be an ongoing process How to integrate voice and data networks The limitations of LTE for mission-critical voice services That both narrowband and broadband networks will be needed for at least a decade if not longer 51 Copyright 2013

52 How to Get Started with LTE Start using commercial LTE networks Contract with an LTE network operator Start with vehicle-mounted devices Add some smartphones over time Try out applications/video services Obtain devices that will support PS LTE Or make a deal to exchange Negotiate good pricing, they want your business! 52 Copyright 2013

53 Questions!