Oggi parliamo di... Perl 6: Passato, Imperfetto, Presente, Futuro Aldo Calpini Italian Perl Workshop 2004

Transcription

1 Oggi parliamo di...

2 Oggi parliamo di... Perl 6

3 Oggi parliamo di... Perl 6

4 Oggi parliamo di... Perl 6

5 Che cos'è Perl 6? vapourware? un progetto fantasma? il canto del cigno del Perl?

6 Che cos'è Perl 6? la prossima versione del Perl un nuovo linguaggio una nuova piattaforma

7 Perl 6: la storia P _ _ _

8 Perl 6: la storia P _ _ _

9 Perl 6: la storia P _ _ _

10 Perl 6: i buoni auspici Perl 5 was my rewrite of Perl. I want Perl 6 to be the community's rewrite of Perl and of the community. Easy things should stay easy, hard things should get easier, and impossible things should get hard We're really serious about reinventing everything that needs reinventing Everything is negotiable Perl must remain Perl -- Larry Wall

11 Perl 6: la storia P _ _ _ P6 RFC A1 A3 A5 A6 A2 A4 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 A12

12 Perl 6: cose fatte e cose da fare 1. An Overview of Perl 2. Bits and Pieces 3. Unary and Binary Operators 4. Statements and Declarations 5. Pattern Matching 6. Subroutines 7. Formats 8. References 9. Data Structures 10. Packages 11. Modules 12. Objects 13. Overloading 14. Tied Variables 15. Unicode 17. Threads 18. Compiling 19. The Command-Line Interface 20. The Perl Debugger 21. Internals and Externals 22. CPAN 23. Security 24. Common Practices 25. Portable Perl 26. Plain Old Documentation 27. Perl Culture 28. Special Names 29. Functions 30. The Standard Perl Library 31. Pragmatic Modules 32. Standard Modules 33. Diagnostic Messages 16. Interprocess Communication

13 Perl 6: il linguaggio

14 Perl 6: il linguaggio -> diventa. $foo->bar() $foo.bar(). diventa ~ $foo.$bar $foo~$bar =~ diventa ~~ $foo =~ /x/ $foo ~~ /x/ i e % rimangono anche quando si accede a elementi di array e hash

15 Perl 6: il linguaggio $array[$n] %hash %hash %hash{key}

16 Perl 6: il linguaggio $array[$n] %hash %hash %hash{key} %hash«key» %hash<<key>>

17 Perl 6: il linguaggio = (1,2,3); $foo[0]; $foo = [1,2,3]; $foo->[0]; = $foo = [1,2,3]; $foo[0];

18 Perl 6: il linguaggio = (1,2,3); $foo[0]; $foo = [1,2,3]; $foo->[0]; = $foo = [1,2,3]; $foo[0]; $foo.[0];

19 Perl 6: il linguaggio Perl5 $foo->{$bar}->[$baz] }, $x ); Perl6 push( $foo{$bar}[$baz], $x );

20 Perl 6: il linguaggio Perl5 $foo->{$bar}->[$baz] }, $x ); Perl6 push( $foo{$bar}[$baz], $x ); $foo{$bar}[$baz].push( $x );

21 Perl 6: il linguaggio Perl5 while(my($k, $v) = each(%hash)) {... } Perl6 for %hash.kv -> $k, $v {... }

22 Perl 6: il linguaggio Perl5 for my $i (0..$#array) { $x = $array[$i];... } Perl6 -> $i, $x {... }

23 Perl 6: il linguaggio Perl5 sub foo { my($x, $y, $z) Perl6 sub foo($x, $y, $z) {...

24 Perl 6: il linguaggio Perl6 sub foo { my($x, $y, $z) sub foo(*@_) { my($x, $y, $z)

25 Perl 6: tavola periodica degli operatori!

26 Perl 6: operatori $valido = $dado == any(1..6)?? 1 :: 0; $valido = 1 <= $dado <= 6; $raddoppia = 1 <= $dado1 == $dado2 <= = map { ==> map { $_.ucase() = map {.ucase() }

27 Perl 6: operatori $tre_volte_tre = 3 x = 3 xx 2; %hash =

28 Perl 6: espressioni regolari [13/Mar/2003:13:58: ] "GET / HTTP/1.1" Perl5 if($line =~ m/ (\d\d) \/ ([a-z]{3}) \/ (\d{4}) : (\d\d) : (\d\d) : (\d\d) \s ((?:\+ -)\d{4}) /ix) {... }

29 Perl 6: espressioni regolari Perl5 if($line =~ m/ (\d\d) \/ ([a-z]{3}) \/ (\d{4}) : (\d\d) : (\d\d) : (\d\d) \s ((?:\+ -)\d{4}) /ix) {... } Perl6 if($line ~~ m:i/ (\d\d) \/ (<[a-z]><3>) \/ (\d<4>) \: (\d\d) \: (\d\d) \: (\d\d) \s ( [<'+'> <'-'>] \d<4> ) /) {... }

30 Perl 6: espressioni regolari Perl6 rule date :i { (\d\d) \/ (<[a-z]><3>) \/ (\d<4>) \: (\d\d) \: (\d\d) \: (\d\d) <sp> ( [<'+'> <'-'>] \d<4> ) }; if($line ~~ /<date>/) {... }

31 Perl 6: espressioni regolari Perl6 grammar Apache::Log { rule line :w { <ip> <ident> <user> \[<date>\] "<request>" <code> <bytes> } rule date :i { (\d\d) \/ (<[a-z]><3>) \/ (\d<4>) \: (\d\d) \: (\d\d) \: (\d\d) \s ( [<'+'> <'-'>] \d<4> ) };... }

32 Perl 6: OOP class Point { has Num $.x is rw; has Num $.y is rw; } method clear() { $.x = 0; $y.= 0; } my $pt = Point.new( x => 2.0, y => 3.0 ); $pt.x = 5.0; print $pt.y; $pt.clear();

33 Perl 6: OOP class Point::3D is Point { has $:z = 0.0; method clear() { $:z = 0; next; } } method move_up() { $:z++; } method move_down() { $:z--; }

34 Perl 6: OOP... multi method add(point $p, Num $d) { $p.x += $d; $p.y += $d; } multi method add(point $p, Point $q) { $p.x += $q.x; $p.y += $q.y; } $p1.add( 0.5 ); $p1.add( $p2 );

35 Perl 6: OOP multi sub infix:+(point $p, Num $d) { return Point.new( x => $p.x + $d, y => $p.y + $d, ); } multi sub infix:+(point $p, Point $q) { return Point.new( x => $p.x + $q.x, y => $p.y + $q.y, ); } $p3 = $p ; $p3 = $p1 + $p2;

36 Perl 6: OOP Features: Encapsulation (Data Hiding) Class Composition Single Inheritance Multiple Inheritance Delegation Roles Interfaces (Virtual Base Classes) Mixin Objects Traits Single/Multiple Dispatch Polymorphism Operator Overloading Versioning Introspection

37 Parrot, la Virtual Machine

38 Parrot: la storia P _ _ _ P6 RFC A1 A3 A5 A6 A2 A4 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 A12 Parrot

39 Parrot, la Virtual Machine

40 Parrot, la Virtual Machine

41 Parrot, la Virtual Machine Registri: I0..I31 interi N0..N31 decimali S0..S31 stringa P0..P31 PMC (Parrot Magic Cookies) Stack: 4 stack per registri (I, N, S, P) 1 stack generico 1 stack di controllo (call stack) 1 stack integer (regexp engine)

42 Parrot: PASM Assembler 8086 mov ax, 2 mov bx, 2 add ax, bx Parrot set I0, 2 set I1, 2 add I0, I1

43 Parrot: PASM mov ax, cs mov ds, ax Assembler 8086 Parrot print Hello World!\n end mov ah, 9 mov dx, offset Hello int 21h xor ax, ax int 21h Hello: db Hello World!,13,10, $

44 Parrot: Linguaggi Implementati BASIC Forth Python (~75%) Scheme (~50%) Tcl (~50%) Perl6 (~1%?) Befunge, Brainf**k, Ook, OpenComal, URM, YAL...

45 Parrot: Linguaggi Da implementare Ruby PHP GNU mono (C#) CLU Perl5 Ponie

46 Riferimenti naturalmente Mailing Lists: (Perl6) (Parrot)

47 The End Grazie :-)