SIGCOMM Preview Session: Data Center Networking (DCN)
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1 SIGCOMM Preview Session: Data Center Networking (DCN) George Porter, UC San Diego 2015 These slides are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial- ShareAlike 4.0 International license
2 The cloud 2
3 The cloud 2
4 The Cloud = Lots of computing and data Data + =
5 The Cloud = Lots of computing and data Data + =
6 The Cloud = Lots of computing and data Data + = App 1
7 The Cloud = Lots of computing and data Data + = App 1 App 2
8 The Cloud = Lots of computing and data Data + = App 3 App 1 App 2
9 The Cloud = Lots of computing and data Data + = App 3 App... App... App... App... App... App 1 App... App 2 App... App... App... App...
10 The Cloud = Lots of computing and data Data + = App 3 App... App... App... App... App... App 1 App... App 2 App... App... App... App...
11 Computing and data has to live somewhere Microsoft Microsoft Google Facebook
12 Inside a data center
13 Inside a data center 10s or 100s of thousands of servers
14 Inside a data center 10s or 100s of thousands of servers Petabytes of data storage
15 Inside a data center 10s or 100s of thousands of servers Petabytes of data storage Single applications spread across many thousands of servers (e.g., Amazon.com) Application components such as caches, web servers, data bases, distributed file servers, Each component is scaled to meet needs of millions of users
16 Why study DCNs? 6
17 Why study DCNs? Scale Google: 0 to 1B users in ~15 years Facebook: 0 to 1B users in ~10 years Must operate at the scale of O(1M+) users 6
18 Why study DCNs? Scale Google: 0 to 1B users in ~15 years Facebook: 0 to 1B users in ~10 years Must operate at the scale of O(1M+) users Cost: To build: Google ($3B/year), MSFT ($15B/total) To operate: 1-2% of global energy consumption * Must deliver apps using efficient HW/SW footprint * LBNL,
19 What defines a data center network? The Internet Many autonomous systems (ASes) Distributed control/routing Single shortest- path routing Hard to measure Standardized transport (TCP and UDP) Innovation requires consensus (IETF) Network of networks Data Center Network (DCN) One administrative domain Centralized control and route selection Many paths from source to destination Easy to measure, but lots of data Many transports (DCTCP, pfabric, ) Single company can innovate Backplane of giant supercomputer
20 What defines a data center network? The Internet Many autonomous systems (ASes) Distributed control/routing Single shortest- path routing Hard to measure Standardized transport (TCP and UDP) Innovation requires consensus (IETF) Network of networks Data Center Network (DCN) One administrative domain Centralized control and route selection Many paths from source to destination Easy to measure, but lots of data Many transports (DCTCP, pfabric, ) Single company can innovate Backplane of giant supercomputer
21 What defines a data center network? The Internet Many autonomous systems (ASes) Distributed control/routing Single shortest- path routing Hard to measure Standardized transport (TCP and UDP) Innovation requires consensus (IETF) Network of networks Data Center Network (DCN) One administrative domain Centralized control and route selection Many paths from source to destination Easy to measure, but lots of data Many transports (DCTCP, pfabric, ) Single company can innovate Backplane of giant supercomputer
22 What defines a data center network? The Internet Many autonomous systems (ASes) Distributed control/routing Single shortest- path routing Hard to measure Standardized transport (TCP and UDP) Innovation requires consensus (IETF) Network of networks Data Center Network (DCN) One administrative domain Centralized control and route selection Many paths from source to destination Easy to measure, but lots of data Many transports (DCTCP, pfabric, ) Single company can innovate Backplane of giant supercomputer
23 What defines a data center network? The Internet Many autonomous systems (ASes) Distributed control/routing Single shortest- path routing Hard to measure Standardized transport (TCP and UDP) Innovation requires consensus (IETF) Network of networks Data Center Network (DCN) One administrative domain Centralized control and route selection Many paths from source to destination Easy to measure, but lots of data Many transports (DCTCP, pfabric, ) Single company can innovate Backplane of giant supercomputer
24 What defines a data center network? The Internet Many autonomous systems (ASes) Distributed control/routing Single shortest- path routing Hard to measure Standardized transport (TCP and UDP) Innovation requires consensus (IETF) Network of networks Data Center Network (DCN) One administrative domain Centralized control and route selection Many paths from source to destination Easy to measure, but lots of data Many transports (DCTCP, pfabric, ) Single company can innovate Backplane of giant supercomputer
25 What defines a data center network? The Internet Many autonomous systems (ASes) Distributed control/routing Single shortest- path routing Hard to measure Standardized transport (TCP and UDP) Innovation requires consensus (IETF) Network of networks Data Center Network (DCN) One administrative domain Centralized control and route selection Many paths from source to destination Easy to measure, but lots of data Many transports (DCTCP, pfabric, ) Single company can innovate Backplane of giant supercomputer
26 What defines a data center network? The Internet Many autonomous systems (ASes) Distributed control/routing Single shortest- path routing Hard to measure Standardized transport (TCP and UDP) Innovation requires consensus (IETF) Network of networks Data Center Network (DCN) One administrative domain Centralized control and route selection Many paths from source to destination Easy to measure, but lots of data Many transports (DCTCP, pfabric, ) Single company can innovate Backplane of giant supercomputer
27 DCN research cheat sheet
28 DCN research cheat sheet How would you design a network to support 1M endpoints?
29 DCN research cheat sheet How would you design a network to support 1M endpoints? If you could Control all the endpoints and the network? Violate layering, end- to- end principle? Build custom hardware? Assume common OS, dataplane functions?
30 DCN research cheat sheet How would you design a network to support 1M endpoints? If you could Control all the endpoints and the network? Violate layering, end- to- end principle? Build custom hardware? Assume common OS, dataplane functions? Top- to- bottom rethinking of the network
31 Paper previews: Topologies
32 Tree- based network topologies 10
33 Tree- based network topologies 100,000 x 10 Gb/s = 1 Pb/s 10
34 Tree- based network topologies Can t buy sufficiently fast core switches! 100,000 x 10 Gb/s = 1 Pb/s 10
35 Folded- Clos multi- rooted trees 11
36 Folded- Clos multi- rooted trees Al Fares, et al., Sigcomm 08 11
37 Folded- Clos multi- rooted trees Al Fares, et al., Sigcomm Gb/s servers 11
38 Folded- Clos multi- rooted trees Al Fares, et al., Sigcomm Gb/s Switches 10 Gb/s servers 11
39 Folded- Clos multi- rooted trees Al Fares, et al., Sigcomm 08 Bandwidth needs met by massive multipathing 10 Gb/s Switches 10 Gb/s servers 11
40 Paper previews: Topologies Jupiter Rising: A Decade of Clos Topologies and Centralized Control in Google s Datacenter Network (Singh et al.) Tu 5pm- 6:15pm Session 3.2: Experience Track: 2 10 year retrospective on Google s experiences building large- scale networks Condor: Better Topologies through Declarative Design (Schlinker et al.) Th 8:50am - 10:30am Session 8: Data center networking Describing and reasoning about the network structure
41 Paper previews: Measurement
42 Network measurement
43 Network measurement Measuring the Internet: No central vantage point, only indirect access to certain portions, multiple ASes hiding information
44 Network measurement Measuring the Internet: No central vantage point, only indirect access to certain portions, multiple ASes hiding information Measuring data centers: Need low latency Need fine- grained precision (milli- or microsecond) An enormous amount of data to collect Hard to publish findings (proprietary data sets)
45 Paper previews: Measurement (1/2) Inside the Social Network's (Datacenter) Network (Roy et al.) Tu 4pm- 4:50pm Session 3.1: Experience Track 1 Measurement study of Facebook s data center Pingmesh: A Large- Scale System for Data Center Network Latency Measurement and Analysis (Guo et al.) Tu 4pm- 4:50pm Session 3.1: Experience Track 1 Experience paper on Microsoft s system for collecting inter- server ping times at scale
46 Paper previews: Measurement (2/2) Packet- Level Telemetry in Large Datacenter Networks (Zhu et al.) Th 8:50am - 10:30am Session 8: Data center networking Packet tracing system deployed at Microsoft designed for finding network faults
47 Paper previews: Packet/flow handling
48 Packet and flow handling
49 Packet and flow handling Internet service model: Best- effort, end- to- end principle, generally just one path to a destination
50 Packet and flow handling Internet service model: Best- effort, end- to- end principle, generally just one path to a destination Data center networks: Load balancing: how to effectively use all the many paths to a given destination? Better than best- effort: how to prioritize, rate- limit, adjust relative sending rates
51 Paper previews: Packet/flow handling Presto: Edge- based Load Balancing for Fast Datacenter Networks (He et al.) Th 8:50am - 10:30am Session 8: Data center networking Choosing paths for packets with help from endhosts Enabling End- Host Network Functions (Ballani et al.) Th 8:50am - 10:30am Session 8: Data center networking Providing better than best- effort handling of packets with help from endhosts
52 In closing DCN is an exciting, fun research area While many papers are from Microsoft, Google, Facebook, YOU have the ability to have enormous impact Many projects are open- source E.g., Rethink the entire network stack! Hardware, software, protocols, OS, NIC,
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