Bryn Mawr College Tree Tour

Transcription

1 Bryn Mawr College Tree Tour

2 Bryn Mawr College Tree Tour

3 1 The Scotch Elm tree is a massive shade tree that can grow from eighty to one hundred feet. This dark green tree appears light underneath and feels rough to the touch. The Scotch Elm is a native of Western Asia and Central Europe. This tree has been known to live to five hundred years old. The Scotch Elm is typically planted in urban areas of Northern America because it flourishes from moist soil and high humidity. * Our Scotch Elm received the Pennsylvania state champion title in 2007.

4 2 The Common Black Gum tree is medium sized and has dark grey bark that becomes furrowed and scaled as it grows older. The Black Gum has very tiny greenish-white flowers that become apparent in the months of May and June. The Black Gum is used as an ornamental tree in parks and gardens and can be found mostly in eastern North America. This tree acts as a food source for migrating birds that come in the fall. The birds are attracted to its bright color and they feed from the trees fruit. This tree is also very important to wildlife because as the limbs of the Black Gum deteriorate, the holes make great homes for animals like squirrels and raccoons.

5 3 The American Holly is a medium sized evergreen tree that bares light grey bark. The American Holly is usually an ornamental plant that is known to be a popular Christmas decoration. This tree has dense, dark, green leaves and it blooms small white flowers. Typically only the female Holly trees have the signature red berries. American Holly resonates in English literature to symbolize merry and cheer. The first record of scientific observation of the Holly Tree dates all the way back to 1744.

6 4 A medium to large deciduous coniferous tree which is very tolerant to cold temperatures as low as -58 degrees fairenheit.

7 5 Horse Chestnut is a woody plant which grows up to 50' - 75' feet in height. It has an oval, rounded shape and can tolerate in many different types of soils. Horse Chestnut s flower is white and has a yellow and red tint at their base; it is beautiful tree to plant in a large open spaces. It grows well under full sun, partial shade. This tree is very old, and was there when Wyndham was built. This specimen was planted after building additions were added to Wyndham in 1890s making it about 120 years old.

8 6 The Sweet Gum tree is at tree widely known for it's beauty and colorful leaves throughout the seasons. It is characterized by distinctive starshaped leaves with five to seven lobes. They range from green in the summer, to yellow, red, purple, and orange in the fall. They are also an extremely tall tree -- growing to up to 100 feet when fully mature. The fruit of a Sweet Gum tree is small, spiny, and circular, and are sometimes referred to as "gumballs". Interestingly enough, the sweet gum tree receives it's name due to it's brownish-yellow sap, that can sometimes be used as a chewing gum. The Sweet Gum tree is located on the Erdman Walkway, right in front of the Helfarian House.

9 7 A large coniferous tree very common to low-nutrient black water areas of Southeastern United States. Sixteen Bald Cypress were planted along the entrance drive to Erdman in the mid 1960s.

10 8 The Blue Spruce or Colorado Blue Spruce is a medium-sized evergreen tree. This species reaches heights from feet at maturity and are often used for Christmas trees. Their needles are silvery blue to a dull, bluish gray and emit a resinous odor when crushed. They are slow-growing trees and may reach ages of years!

11 9 The Norway Spruce is an evergreen conifer that prefers cool, moist environments. It grows quickly, and can reach up to 80 feet in height. It has dark green needles that point down along the twigs, making it easier to grasp. As the tree ages, the dense, little branches hang straight down for several feet and are called skirts.

12 10 The Sycamore tree is an easily distinguished tree by its tendency to mottled bark that flakes off in great chunks. This is due to the growing trunk stretching and splitting its bark that lacks elasticity. Sycamores can reach up to feet high with diameters between feet. The tree s fruit is a small, woody ball that ripens in October and persists through winter.

13 11 The Willow Oak is a deciduous tree native to the eastern United States. It is a tree that has both willow and oak characteristics it is part of the red oak family, growing very tall (from feet), yet also has willow-like leaves, which are light to bright green in the summer, and yellowy gold and brown in the fall. Willow oaks are fast-growing, long-lived trees that provide food for many animals, from ducks and deer to red-headed woodpeckers and flying squirrels. It is considered to be a very handsome tree, and is sometimes considered to be one of the most beautiful trees planted in Washington D.C., which is a city known for it s beautiful foliage. On campus, this tree is located near Cartref.

14 12 The Weeping Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis 'Pendula') is a slow growing ornamental evergreen that forms a dense and graceful mound and a rather shallow root system more wide than tall (10-15 feet in height and 30 feet in width) whose overlapping pendulous branches may conceal a rather contorted trunk. It is a tree constituted of multiple layers, with horizontal branches, each of which is covered with smaller weeping branches. These smaller branches are encased in lustrous short dark green needles and small cones which depend upon the short stalks. Having the ability to tolerate a large amount of shade, particularly when they are young, these trees thrive in moist, well-drained soil from anything from full sun to full shade. Helfarian s hemlock forms a cascade of green providing refuge for squirrels and birds during the winter snows.

15 13 A pine tree native of Mediterranean forests. Now used globally as an ornamental tree because it can thrive in wide ranges of soils.

16 14 This tree is recognizable through its firmly lobed but finely cut leaves, which give it a delicate fern-like appearance. These lacy leaves turn a beautiful gold in the fall. This Cut Leaf Beech is the class tree of the Bryn Mawr Class of 1958.

17 15 Honey Locust trees are particularly ideal for the College setting. These hardy trees can adapt to many different soil conditions and allow enough light to favor growth below, while their fragrant seed pods are consumed by many different kinds of wildlife. Though these trees are also known to tolerate a great deal of pollution, Honey Locusts can thrive without the presence of such here, as Bryn Mawr provides one of the most environmentally-friendly spaces among other colleges.

18 16 The Japanese maple is well known for its showy display of the entire spectrum of spring to fall coloration. It is a smaller tree, growing to be about feet tall. Japanese Maples are native to Japan, Korea, and China, and introduced into the United States in the 1800 s. In Japan, this tree is sometimes referred to as momiji. This term has a dual meaning; Baby s hand, which is fitting because the leaves of a Japanese maple spread out symmetrically from a central point like the fingers on the palm of a hand, and also becomes crimson leaves, because of the beautiful coloration exhibited by the leaves. Its scientific name, Atropurpureum, actually means dark purple. Still, they are prized as much for their bright orange and red fall foliage as for their versatility it thrives in welldrained soil in the Southeast and in warmer areas of New England, and can be grown as bonsai, shrubs, or full-size trees depending on the situation.

19 17 White Oak trees are magnificent broad topped oaks that are native to eastern North America. Capable of achieving considerable loft and girth up to 85 ft, the White oaks are majestic and can live for up to 600 years. It blooms once in May, when the leaves are 1/3 grown, and produces yellow staminate flowers about 2-3 inches long. White oak trees are excellent shade providers due to their far reaching branches that lay nearly parallel to the ground. During end of spring, students enjoy doing homework while lying out under the trees. The white oak is also the official tree for the class of 1960 and 1905.

20 18 Also known as common red oak, is widespread in the East and grows on a variety of soils and topography, often forming pure stands. Moderate to fast growing, this tree is one of the more important lumber species of red oak and is an easily transplanted, popular shade tree with good form and dense foliage.

21 19 The stately pendant Linden Tree (Tilia petiolaris), an ornamental shade tree, has a dense canopy of broad dark green leaves, slightly heart-shaped, with evenly spaced teeth around the edges. Each leaf s underside is covered with small white downy hairs which cause a silvery sheen, especially in summer breezes. Sadly, most students miss this tree s tour-de-force. In late June-early July, clusters of small yellow-white flowers bloom and their honey suckle aroma spreads from Thomas to Taylor and beyond. Swarms of honeybees (before their drastic 2006 decline) would flock to the silver linden, becoming intoxicated by its nectar. This tree, planted in the college s central ceremonial core annually witnesses May Day festivities and other college events.

22 20 The Scholar Tree is a medium sized deciduous tree (10-20m tall) native to China and Korea. It develops into a round canopy with lustrous leaves that stay green even when they begin to fall in autumn. The yellowish-white flower blooms are bright and showy in the late summer time which indicates that it is between years old. Along with its blooms, it produces a green elongated pod-like fruit. It is particularly fond of open, sunny locations and is very tolerant in most conditions including drought and the pests. The Scholar tree, also known as the Pagoda tree gets its name from tradition of being planted around Buddhist temples. In folklore, it is said that a cowherd once built a home out of this species of tree. Within a month his entire family was suddenly found dead. It was therefore believed that demons are drawn to this tree and it is therefore not appropriate to use its wood to build homes. In addition, in the wild, other species of tree rarely grow near it.

23 21 The Kwanzan Tree is a species of cherry tree native to Japan, Korea and China. It is known for the cherry blossoms it grows in the spring that are used in many festivals. The Kwanzan tree can reach up to 12 meters in height and the double flowers are a beautiful pink. In 1912, Tokyo gave a Kwanza tree as a gift to the city of Washington.

24 22 The American Beech is a species of beech native to eastern North America. It is a deciduous tree growing to 20 35m tall during its lifetime. The tree is monoecious, with flowers of both sexes on the same tree. The fruit is a small, sharply-angled nut which serves as a source of food for numerous animals. The American Beech is an important tree in forestry because of its very hard wood.

25 23 The Weeping Beech is a deciduous tree that blooms in the Spring. Its scientific name is Fagus Sylvatica Pendula. In 1847, Samuel Parsons brought the first Weeping Beech tree to the United States from Europe. It was his son Samuel Parsons Jr. who introduced it to the Bryn Mawr Campus. In order to commemorate the Weeping Beech tree, it was made the class tree of the class of 1938.

26 24 The Copper Beech tree is a slow growing deciduous tree, also known as the Bloodleaved Tree. Its leaves can range in color from purple to copper and flowers in the spring. It usually grows to about 50 feet tall and can be 50 feet wide. The Copper Beech is native to Europe. In 2007 the Copper Beech tree was nominated by Greg Nichols to be a Champion Tree of Pennsylvania and was awarded the title of Champion Tree that same year. This tree had a height of 66.1 feet in It is also the class tree of the class of * Ranks #3 in the Pennsylvania state champion listing.

27 25 The Burr Oak tree s scientific name is Quercus macrocarpa. This type of tree grows acorns and Catkins flowers. Although this tree grows slowly, it usually reaches a height of feet. Its root system is very complex and can often spread downward twice the height of the tree.

28 26 Mazzard Cherry trees are deciduous, having leaves turn red, orange, and pink in the fall before they fall. They bear both fruit (cherries) and flowers in the springtime, coinciding with the festivities of Bryn Mawr s May Day tradition. It is one of the many varieties of cherry trees found on Bryn Mawr s campus. This particular Mazzard Cherry is more than 200 years old. Many Bryn Mawr students enjoy climbing this tree on warm days due to its low branches and the view overlooking the Labyrinth and the playing fields. * Ranks #2 in the Pennsylvania state champion listing 2010.

29 27 The Amur Corktree originates in Asia, but is now very popular elsewhere due to its large size and ornate features. This tree has thick, corklike bark and bares large branches. Its twigs bud small flowers and this tree can grow up to 40 to 50 feet. Aside from budding small flowers, the female corktree can grow clusters of black berries. One unique fact about the Amur Corktree is that it is so adaptive to different soils that it can also adapt to pollution and droughts. * This specimen was given the title of Pennsylvania state champion in 2007.

30 28 This vibrantly colored evergreen has the scientific name of Chamaecyparis pisifera which translates to pea bearing low-growing Cypress, which refers to its small cones. If it gets enough sun, the Japanese Falsecypress will retain its bright golden color all year. It is often planted to add year-round color to a garden and it is also used for timber.

31 29 The Hinoki Cypress Tree is a bright green tree that can reach anywhere from feet tall. Its scientific name is Chamaecyparis optusa. This is one of the most valuable timber trees in Japan, and is often used during construction.

32 30 The Weeping Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis 'Pendula') is a slow growing ornamental evergreen that forms a dense and graceful mound and a rather shallow root system more wide than tall (10-15 feet in height and 30 feet in width) whose overlapping pendulous branches may conceal a rather contorted trunk. It is a tree constituted of multiple layers, with horizontal branches, each of which is covered with smaller weeping branches. These smaller branches are encased in lustrous short dark green needles and small cones which depend upon the short stalks. Having the ability to tolerate a large amount of shade, particularly when they are young, these trees thrive in moist, well-drained soil from anything from full sun to full shade. Helfarian s hemlock forms a cascade of green providing refuge for squirrels and birds during the winter snows.

33 31 The Sourwood is considered as an ornamental and shade tree. Its leaves are rich green and turn yellow, red, and purple in the fall. In the early summer, the Sourwood blooms white fragrant flowers. This tree grows to be feet in height and has a spread of about 20 at full maturity. The Sourwood tree is the class tree of Bryn Mawr College s graduating class of 1973.

34 32 The Weeping Higan Cherry tree grows to be 20 to 30 feet tall and spreads 15 to 25 feet. Its leaves are green throughout the summer and into the fall the leaves turn from green to a bright yellow before leaving the tree bare in the winter. In the spring, there is nothing like a full bloomed Weeping Higan Cherry its leaves are light pink, almost white. This tree is the class tree of Bryn Mawr College s graduating class of 1936 and 1937.

35 33 Higan Cherry trees bloom twice a year, in the fall and in the spring. The intensity of the blooms depends on the weather in the fall: a warm fall will produce more blooms in the fall, while a cold fall will produce more flowers in the spring. This particular type of cherry tree also booms in the shade. Bryn Mawr is well known for its cherry trees, and in 2000 donated two to the Japan America Society to commemorate two alumnae who worked in Japan, Elizabeth Grey Vining and Umeko Tsuda.

36 34 Species are large deciduous trees, reaching typically feet tall, with oblique-cordate leaves 2-8 inches across, and are found through the north temperate regions. * This specimen was ranked Pennsylvania state champion in 2007 and was donated to the college by the Bryn Mawr Class of 1900.

37 35 Native to Japan, Star Magnolias are slow growing deciduous trees that range between feet in height. It is a flowering tree that produces showy fragrant white flowers. These flowers are 3-4 in diameter and bloom every spring. The tree does the best in the full sun, which produces the best flowers. They bloom best in full sun with partial shade and in acidic, moist, clay soils and it is under these conditions that the spring season brings large, bold white beautiful flowers. This particular Star Magnolia tree, located next to Pembroke West, was planted as the class tree of the class of 1968.

38 36 The Chinese Stewartia trees are native to Japan, Korea and Southeastern U.S. It blooms once a year in the summer. They are slower growing trees that are deciduous trees and only grow approximately 10 meters in height. It produces fragrant cup-shaped white flowers with yellow anthers, which are inches diameter. On young plants, its beautiful reddish bark flakes off in long, shiny sheets to reveal smooth lighter patches beneath. During the fall season the Chinese Stewartia helps to create the beautiful colorful foliage with its large array of colorful leaves. During the flowering spring season, they carry bold, green leaves with a dazzling scene of large white flowers.

39 37 Said to have inhabited earth up to 150 million years ago, the Fastigiate Ginko group is the only surviving group of the ancient plants. It is a good urban tree due to its ability to tolerate drought, heat, and poor soils. It grows very slowly at first, but then grows at a moderate rate, especially when supplied adequate amounts of water and fertilizer. As deciduous conifers, Fastigiate Ginko trees grow between 30 and 50 feet in height and have very distinct leaves shaped like fans with diverging veins. There are both female and male Fastigiate Ginko Trees. The female trees are highly undesired in the fall season because it produces a foul odor when the seeds and leaves fall, while the male trees bear golden, yellow leaves in the fall that create admirable scenery. The seeds are leaves are used in medicine throughout the world.

40 38 The Katsura is an elegant, nonnative tree. Specimens were first brought here from either China or Japan sometime around 1865 by Thomas Hogg Jr. 1 The tree grows to medium height with a multitrunk shape that is pleasingly asymmetrical, but at least our two trees (one by Goodhart, one on the Merion Avenue side of Rockefeller) are not at all unbalanced or precarious looking. Its roots are near the surface.

41 39 The Blue Atlas Cedar is a distinctive evergreen native to western North Africa, characterized by silvery blue to bluishgreen needles. It can grow to be very tall, from about feet. The bark is gray and smooth, but develops a plate-like pattern as the tree matures. Its wood is very oily and scented, giving it a very pleasant and aromatic smell, which also functions as a natural insect deterrent. They thrive in full sun in moist soil, and they are tolerant of urban pollution up to a point. Cones usually take around two years to fully mature. There are two Blue Atlas Cedars planted outside Rock Arch, one bordering each side of the path. The site originally had Elm trees planted by the class of 1908, but were later replaced by the cedars by the class of 1973.

42 40 The Japonese Cryptomeria is also called the Japanese cedar, despite being a member of the cypress family. It is a slow-growing evergreen that changes shape as it matures; younger trees are commonly slender pyramids, but older trees more often have irregular crowns. It is one of a few conifers that sprout from cut stumps. The tree, native to Japan as the name implies, can be identified by its very short needles that spiral along the branches, pointing toward the end of the stems, which hang and droop toward the ground, and the similarly drooping bark, which peels off in long strips. Cryptomeria japonica is the only species in its genus that coexisted with dinosaurs! It grows very fast, up to 25 feet in just 10 short years. In it¹s native habitat it can grow to be 180 feet tall. It is often used for bonsai, and also harvested for timber.

43 41 The Red Pine gets its name from the color of the armor-like plates of its bark, and can also be identified by its slender, brittle needles (they snap when bent), which are between inches long, and bundled in groups of two. The species is widely used in reforestation, and a healthy, mature tree can be 80 feet tall. Although the bark at the bottom of the tree is brownish grey, it turns a bright red-orange towards the top, giving it its name. There is low genetic and morphologic variation amongst this species, which indicates that it came near extinction in its recent evolutionary history. Even though the tree is native to North America and it is the state tree of Minnesota, it is also sometimes referred to as the Norway Pine. Early European explorers may have confused the tree with the Norway Spruce (Picea abies), also a very tall evergreen.

44 42 The Maidenhair tree also known as the ginkgo is one of the oldest species of tree. The earliest leaf fossils date back to 270 million years ago. In 1998, the species was listed as "endangered" by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The tree is referred to as a "living fossil" because it has no close relatives and is the only species in its genus. The ginkgo is known for its fan shaped leaves and pungent smelling fruit, but since all of Bryn Mawr's ginkgos all male, none of our trees drop fruit. This counters Haverford whose ginkgos are all female.

45 Credits Photography Presentation Michael Press Ed Harman Stephanie Kim Ashley Ohara

46 Credits Student & Faculty Descriptions Sophia Abbott Jessica Arbon Amanda Beardall Mary Biggs Jeremy Blatchley Grace Chung Stephanie Clarke Ashleigh Davila Michael Dirr Genesis Feliz Eleanor Frye Megan Gallagher Jae Hyun Ha Nancy Halli Kathy De La Hoz Elizabeth LeMay Charlotte McConaghy Sammy Silbert Ellen Stroud Amelia Lee Zhi Yi

47 Source Credits dnr.state.oh.us, Norway Spruce, ODNR Division Of Forestry, Ohio Trees Jane Pepper, Trees that will adorn your lawn, The Philadelphia Inquirer Jan and Main Line Times, April 13, 2000Bryn Mawr College General Campus Plan 1894, 1907 by Frederick Law Olmsted corktree_amur/corktree_amur.html plantoftheweek/articles/katsura_tre e_ html hiddenspringstreefarm.com, Colorado Blue Spruce, Hidden Springs Tree Farm, LLC.) "Ginkgo Biloba 'Fastigiata'" Missouri Botanical Garden. Web. 13 Oct < help/plantfinder/plant.asp?code=z 980> Manual of Woody Landscape Plants, 5 th editiongnpc.org/sycamore.htm, Sycamore, Great Plains Nature Center Database Photographic Guide to More than 500 Trees of North America and Europe (New York, 1978) "Stewartia." Portland Nursery and Garden Center. Web. 13 Oct < plants/trees/stewartia.shtml>. "Tree Details The Tree Guide at Arborday.org." Buy Trees and Learn About Trees - Visit Our Online Nursery. Web. 16 Oct < e/treedetail.cfm?id=166>.)