LEORA R. CHERNEY, Ph.D.

Transcription

1 1. PERSONAL INFORMATION LEORA R. CHERNEY, Ph.D. Work address: Center for Aphasia Research and Treatment Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Suite East Superior Street Chicago, IL Phone Fax EDUCATION December, 1978 December, 1980 December, 1990 University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa B.Sc. Logopaedics Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois M.A. Speech and Language Pathology Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois Ph.D. Speech and Language Pathology 3. GRADUATE MEDICAL EDUCATION - Not applicable 4. POSTDOCTORAL RESEARCH TRAINING Not applicable 5. BOARD CERTIFICATION AND LICENSURE Certificate of Clinical Competence in Speech and Language Pathology, American Speech- Language-Hearing Association Illinois License for the Practice of Speech and Language Pathology # , Board Certified, Neurologic Communication Disorders / Adults Academy of Neurologic Communication Disorders and Sciences 6. MILITARY SERVICE Not applicable 7. FACULTY APPOINTMENTS Instructor, Northern Illinois University, Communicative Disorders Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Assistant Professor Associate Professor 2009 present Professor Page 1 of 20

2 Northwestern University, School of Communication, Communication Sciences and Disorders 1992, Lecturer Associate Professor 2011 present Professor 8. HOSPITAL APPOINTMENTS Staff Speech Language Pathologist, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago Clinical Researcher: Communicative Disorders, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago Clinical Educator, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago Clinical Research Scientist, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago 2007 present Senior Clinical Research Scientist, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago 9. ADMINISTRATIVE APPOINTMENTS 2004 present Founder and Director, Center for Aphasia Research and Treatment, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago 10. COMMITTEE SERVICE Northwestern University and Northwestern University Medical School 1996 present Institutional Review Board Northwestern University Medical School 9/1995 8/1998 Library Committee 9/1996 8/1999 Medical Student Research Committee Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1998 present Faculty Executive Committee 1998 present Promotions and Tenure Committee 1999 present Resident Research Committee Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago Nursing and Allied Health Research Committee Quality Improvement Task Force on Documentation 1996 present Speech-Language Pathology Practice Council Cerner Medical Records Committee (Research Liaison) 2006 present Hospital Ethics Committee Hospital HIPAA Committee present Research Policy and Procedures Page 2 of 20

3 11. AWARDS, HONORS AND DISTINCTIONS Twenty-First Annual Distinguished Lecturer, 1994 St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO Board Certified Neurologic Communication Disorders/Adults 1994 Fellow: American Speech-Language Hearing Association 2001 Fellow: Illinois Speech-Language Hearing Association 2001 One of 18 invited participants in a 2-day international 4/2007 workshop on Cognitive Neuroscience and Rehabilitation: Vision, New York. Funded by the James S. McDonnell Foundation. One of 14 invited participants in a 2-day international Think 9/2007 Tank on Social Approaches for Aphasia, Toronto, Canada. Funded by an Ontario Stroke Strategy Research Grant. First Annual Distinguished Speaker Matlock Speech-Language Pathology Lecture Series. Rehabilitation Institute of Michigan, Detroit, MI. 11/2008 Clinical Aphasiology Conference, Program Chair 2009 One of 24 participants invited to an international workshop on NeuroImaging in Aphasia Treatment Research, Evanston, IL. 9/2009 Clinical Aphasiology Conference, Conference Chair 2010 Distinguished Lecturer and Visiting Scholar, Department of 12/2010 Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at Harvard Medical School and the Spaulding Rehabilitation Network 12. PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY MEMBERSHIP Academy of Aphasia Academy of Neurogenic Communication Disorders and Sciences Executive Board, Chair, Certification Board 2005 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine American Speech-Language Hearing Association Steering Committee, Division 2, Illinois Speech-Language Hearing Association Chair, Publications Committee Executive Board, Page 3 of 20

4 13. PROFESSIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC SERVICE American Speech Language Hearing Association Program committee adult language disorders 2004, 2007 Evidence-based practice committee on Constraint Induced Aphasia Treatment Ad Hoc Committee to Review and Revise the Preferred Practice Patterns for the Profession of Speech-Language Pathology Nominating Committee, Council for Academic Accreditation 2002 Communication Sciences and Disorders Clinical Trials Research Group (CSDRG) Member - Executive Policy Board present Chair - Adult Language Liaison Group present Member: Working group reviewing ASHA documents on cognitive-communicative disorders Member : Ad hoc Committee on the Role of the Speech-Language Pathologist in Health Care Special Interest Division 2: Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders Research committee Steering Committee Member Chair: Continuing Education Special Interest Division 11: Administration and Supervision Committee member: Development of a Student Supervision Handbook Illinois Speech Language Hearing Association Executive Board Member Member: Ad Hoc Committee - Illinois Clinical Research Initiative Division of Professional Relations: Vice-President 9/99-8/02 Vice-President Elect 9/98-8/99 Chair: Publications Committee 9/96-8/98 Editor, Newsletter 9/96-8/98 Assistant Editor, Newsletter 9/95-8/96 Division of Educational Development Chair: Convention Neurogenics Track ISHA Update Speaker: Convention Program Chair 1993, 1994 Page 4 of 20

5 Convention Program Vice Chair 1992 Academy of Neurologic Communication Disorders and Sciences (ANCDS) Nominating Committee Certification Board Associate Chair 2004 Chair 2005 Executive Board Member - Secretary Honors Committee - Member Clinical Aphasiology Conference Chair 2010 Program Chair 2009 Program Committee 2004 Publications Committee Treatment Research in Communication Disorders Special Interest Group Planning Committee: Biannual symposium 1994 & 1996 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Program Committee Editorial boards Editorial Board, Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation present Editorial Consultant, Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research Editorial Consultant, American Journal of Speech- Language Pathology o Associate Editor Editorial Board, Speech-Language Pathology Online Current Reviewer: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Aphasiology, American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, Brain and Language, Disability and Rehabilitation, Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, Seminars in Speech and Language, Stroke Professional Public Service Page 5 of 20

6 Peer reviewer, Practice Parameter Task Force of the Florida Language Speech and Hearing Association 1994 Panel participant, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Center on Aging - Medicare Post-Acute Care: Quality Measurement (contract #HHS , Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation) Panel Member: Stroke Progress Review Group Recovery and Rehabilitation. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). July, 2001 National Stroke Association, Rehabilitation Advisory Board National Stroke Association, Professional Advisory Board present present 14. TEACHING Resident physicians. Ongoing since 1995 Aphasia Right Hemisphere Cognitive-Communication Disorders Research Methods Single subject design Graduate Students Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders One course per academic year Course developer and lecturer 1992 present SPCH LNG D95-2 CSD Neuromotor speech disorders in adults Aphasia Treatment Approaches to Aphasia Treatment Clinical Educator Coordinated clinical practicums for graduate students in speech-language pathology from universities around the country; mentored clinical staff on student supervision Medical Students. First Year. Overcoming Language Barriers: Aphasia. Presented to all first year medical students as part of a class on Cultural Dynamics. Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine March, 2008 Page 6 of 20

7 Second Year. Coordinate observations in the Center for Aphasia Research and Treatment as part of a class on Vulnerable Populations present Continuing Education Courses (last 5 years) Two-Day Continuing Education Workshops for practicing speech-language pathologists course developer and lecturer: Cherney, L. R. Cognitive-Communication Disorders in Adults. Presented at: Inova Mt. Vernon Hospital, VA (January, 2004). St. Johns Mercy Medical Center, St. Louis, MO (April, 2004). New England Sinai Hospital and Rehab Center, Stoughton, MA (September, 2004). Medical Center of Aurora, Aurora, Colorado (February, 2005). Mercy Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, IL. (March, 2005). New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY. (April, 2005). Gaylord Hospital, Wallingford, CT (May, 2005). Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY (February, 2006). Providence Milwaukie Hospital, Milwaukie, OR (March 2006). Fairview University Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN (April 2006). Cherney, L. R. Updates in aphasia treatment. Presented at Kaiser Permanente Town Hall, Portland, Oregon (February, 2007). Inova Mount Vernon Hospital, Alexandria, VA (March, 2007). St. John s Healthcare System, Springfield, MO (April, 2007). Gaylord Hospital, Wallingford, CT (February, 2008). Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL (March, 2008). Providence Health and Services, Gresham, OR (April, 2008). Atlanta Medical Center, Atlanta, GA. (February, 2009). Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY (March, 2009). Truman Medical Center Lakewood, Kansas City, MO (April, 2009) Somerset Medical Center, Somerville, NJ (February, 2010) Laurel Regional Hospital, Laurel, MD (April, 2010) 15. RESEARCH GRANTS (past seven years) L. Cherney. (PI). National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR). Costeffectiveness of a computerized oral reading treatment for aphasia. Field Initiated Award. 10/1/2001-9/30/2005. $450,000 L. Cherney. (PI). National Institutes of Health (NCMR). Effects of Bromocriptine on Aphasia Treatment Outcome. R21. 1/1/03-8/30/06. $200,000 L. Cherney (Study PI; E. Roth, Center Grant PI). National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR). Conversational script training for aphasia. 10/1/03-9/30/08. $???? L. Cherney.(PI). National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR). Computer Treatment for Aphasia: Evaluating Efficacy and Treatment Intensity. Field Initiated Award. 10/1/2004-9/30/2008. $450,000 Page 7 of 20

8 L. Cherney (Site PI) Northstar NeuroScience. Feasibility Study of Cortical Stimulation Combined with Rehabilitation to Enhance Recovery in Broca s Aphasia. Industry Sponsored. 12/1/04 6/30/07. $ 220,000 S. L. Small (PI); L. Cherney (RIC PI). National Institutes of Health (NIDCD). Neurophysiological Measurement in Aphasia Treatment. R01, Subcontract from University of Chicago. 4/1/05 3/31/10. $428,952. S. L. Small (PI); L. Cherney (RIC PI). National Institutes of Health (NIDCD) Bioinformatics Infrastructure for Large Scale Studies of Aphasia Recovery. R21/33. Subcontract from University of Chicago 12/1/06 11/30/11. $504,454 L. Cherney. (PI). National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR). Web-Based Treatment of Aphasia. Field Initiated Award. 12/01/ /30/2010. $450,000. L. Cherney. (PI). National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR). Augmenting Language Therapy for Aphasia: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo- Controlled Trial of Levodopa in Combination with Speech-Language Therapy. Field Initiated Award. 10/01/2007-9/30/2010. $600,000 L. Cherney. (PI). National Institutes of Health (NIDCD). Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Aphasia Language Therapy. R21. 9/01/2009-8/31/2010. $ 423, SCHOLARLY BIBLIOGRAPHY a. Original, peer-reviewed research articles 1) Cherney, L., Merbitz, C. and Grip, J. (1986). Efficacy of oral reading in aphasia treatment outcome. Rehabilitation Literature, ) Merbitz, C. T., Grip, J. C., Halper, A., Mogil, S., Cherney, L. R., Bellaire, K. (1989). The communication analysis system. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 70, ) Cherney, L. R. & Canter, G. J. (1992). Informational content in the discourse of patients with probable Alzheimer's disease and patients with right brain damage. Clinical Aphasiology, 22, ) Cherney, L. R. & Halper, A. S. (1994). An assessment tool for evaluating cognitivecommunicative problems in patients with right hemisphere damage: Preliminary findings. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 1(2), ) Cherney, L. R. (1995). Efficacy of oral reading in the treatment of two patients with chronic Broca's aphasia. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 2(1), ) Roth, E. J., Fink, K., Cherney, L. R., & Hall, K. D. (1997). Reversion to a previously learned foreign accent after stroke. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 78, ) Cherney, L. R., Drimmer, D. P., & Halper, A. S. (1997). Informational content and unilateral neglect: A longitudinal investigation of five subjects with right hemisphere damage. Aphasiology, 11(4-5), ) Halper, A. S., Cherney, L. R., Cichowski, K., & Zhang, M. (2000). Dysphagia after head trauma: The effect of cognitive-communicative impairments on functional outcomes. Journal of Rehabilitation Outcomes Measurement, 4(1), ) Halper, A. S., Cherney, L. R., Cichowski, K., & Zhang, M. (1999). Dysphagia after head Page 8 of 20

9 trauma: The effect of cognitive-communicative impairments on functional outcomes. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 14(5), ) Cherney, L. R., Halper, A. S., Kwasnika, C. M., Harvey, R. L., & Zhang, M. (2001). Recovery of functional status after right hemisphere stroke: Relationship with unilateral neglect. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 82(3), ) Cherney, L. R. & Halper, A. S. (2001). Unilateral visual neglect in right hemisphere stroke: A longitudinal study. Brain Injury, 5(7), ) Cherney, L. R., Halper, A. S. & Papachronis, D. (2003). Two approaches to treating unilateral neglect after right hemisphere stroke: A preliminary investigation. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 9(4), ) Cherney, L. R. & Small, S. L. (2006). Task-dependent changes in brain activation following therapy for nonfluent aphasia: Discussion of two individual cases. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 12, ) Halper, A. S. & Cherney, L. R. (2007). Right hemisphere stroke and the California Verbal Learning Test: A preliminary study. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 14(1), ) Cherney, L. R. & Halper, A. S. (2007). Performance on the California Verbal Learning Test following right hemisphere stroke: A longitudinal study. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 14(1), ) Cherney, L. R., Halper, A. S., Holland, A. L., Lee, J. B., Babbitt, E., & Cole, R. (2007). Improving conversational script production in aphasia with virtual therapist computer treatment software. Brain and Language, 103, ) Cherney, L. R., Halper, A. S., Holland, A. L. & Cole, R. (2008). Computerized Script Training for Aphasia: Preliminary Results. American Journal of Speech- Language Pathology, 17, ) Cherney, L. R., Patterson, J., Raymer, A., Frymark, T., & Schooling, T. (2008). Evidence-Based Systematic Review: Effects of Intensity of Treatment and Constraint-Induced Language Therapy for Individuals with Stroke-Induced Aphasia. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 51, ) Cherney, L. R. & Halper, A. S. (2008). Novel Technology for Treating Individuals with Aphasia and Concomitant Cognitive Deficits. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 15(6), ) Mannheim, L., Halper, A. S. & Cherney, L. R. (2009). Patient-Reported Changes in Communication after Computer-Based Script Training for Aphasia. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 90(4), ) Lee, J. B., Kaye, R. C., Cherney, L. R. (2009). Conversational script performance in adults with non-fluent aphasia: Treatment intensity and aphasia severity. Aphasiology, 23(7), ) Cherney, L. R. (2010). Oral Reading for Language in Aphasia (ORLA): Impact of Aphasia Severity on Cross-Modal Outcomes in Chronic Nonfluent Aphasia. Seminars in Speech-Language Pathology, 31, ) Cherney, L. R., Gardner, P., Logemann, J. A., Newman, L. A., O Neil-Pirozzi, T., Roth, C. R., Solomon, N. P. (2010) The role of speech-language pathology and audiology in the optimal management of the service member returning from Iraq or Afghanistan with a blast-related head injury: Position of the Communication Page 9 of 20

10 Sciences and Disorders Clinical Trials Research Group. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 25(3), ) Lee, J., Fowler, R., Rodney, D., Cherney, L. R. & Small, S. L. (2010). IMITATE: An intensive computer-based treatment for aphasia based on action observation and imitation. Aphasiology, 24(4), ) Babbitt, E.M. & Cherney, L. R. (2010). Communication Confidence in Persons with Aphasia. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 17(3), ) Holland, A. L., Halper, A. S., & Cherney, L. R. (2010). Tell me your story: Analysis of Script topics selected by persons with aphasia. American Journal of Speech- Language Pathology, 19, ) Cherney, L. R., Erickson, R. K., & Small, S. L. (2010). Epidural Cortical Stimulation as Adjunctive Treatment for Non-Fluent Aphasia: Preliminary Findings. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 81(9), ) Simmons-Mackie, N., Raymer, A. S., Armstrong, E., Holland, A. L., & Cherney, L. R. (2010). Communication partner training in aphasia: A systematic review. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 91(12), ) Cherney, L. R. (2010). Oral Reading for Language in Aphasia (ORLA): Evaluating the Efficacy of Computer-Delivered Therapy in Chronic Nonfluent Aphasia. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 17(6), ) Babbitt, E.M., Heinemann, A. W., Semik, P., & Cherney, L. R. Psychometric Properties of the Communication Confidence Rating Scale for Aphasia (CCRSA):Phase 2. Aphasiology, in press. b. Reviews, Chapters, Books Peer-Reviewed Invited Journal Articles: 1) Cherney, L. R. and O'Neill, P. (1986). Swallowing disorders and the aged. Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation, 1(4), )..Cherney, L. R. and Halper, A. S. (1989). Recovery of oral nutrition after head injury in adults. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 4 (4), ) Halper, A. S. and Cherney, L. R. (1991). Developing quality assurance monitors for dysphagia: Continuous quality improvement. Seminars in Speech and Language, 12 (3), ) Cherney, L. R. & Souder, T. (1996). Evaluating swallowing disorders: The speechlanguage pathologist's perspective. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 3(3), ) Martin, B. J. W. & Cherney, L. R. (1996). Treating swallowing disorders following stroke. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 3(3), ) Cherney, L. R. & Halper, A. S. (1996). Dysphagia after head injury. Seminars in Neurology, 16, ) Halper, A. S. & Cherney, L. R. (1998). Cognitive-Communication problems after right hemisphere stroke: A review of intervention studies. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 5(1), ) Cherney, L. R. & Halper, A. S. (1998). Communication problems following stroke. Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation, 14(2), ) Cherney, L. R. (2002). Unilateral neglect: A disorder of attention. Seminars in Speech and Page 10 of 20

11 Language, 23 (2), ) Cherney, L, R. (2004). Aphasia, Alexia and Oral Reading. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 11(1), ) Cherney, L. R. (2006). Ethical issues involving the right hemisphere stroke patient: To treat or not to treat? Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 13(4), ) Lee, J. B. & Cherney, L. R. (2008). The Changing "Face" of Aphasia Therapy. Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders, 18: ) Cherney, L. R. (2008). Cortical Stimulation and Aphasia: The State of the Science. Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders, 18: Book Chapters: 14) Cherney, L. R. (1990). Aging and Communication. In C. B. Lewis (Ed.). Aging: The Health Care Challenge (2nd ed.) pp Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company. 15) Cherney, L. R. (1996). The effects of aging on communication. In C. B. Lewis (Ed.). Aging: The Health Care Challenge (3rd ed.) pp Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company. 16) Cherney, L. R. & Halper, A. S. (1999). Group treatment for patients with right hemisphere damage. In R. J. Elman (Ed.). Group Treatment of Neurogenic Communication Disorders: The Expert Clinician s Approach (pp ). Boston, MA: Butterworth- Heinemann. 17) Cherney, L. R. & Halper, A. S. (2000). Assessment and treatment of functional communication following right hemisphere damage. In L. E. Worrall & C. Fratalli (eds). Neurogenic Communication Disorders: A Functional Approach, pp New York: Thieme. 18) Cherney, L. R. & Robey, R. (2001). Aphasia treatment: Recovery, prognosis and clinical effectiveness. In R. Chapey (Ed.), Language Intervention Strategies in Adult Aphasia (4th. Edition). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, ) Cherney, L. R. (2002). The effects of aging on communication. In C. B. Lewis (Ed.), Aging: The Health-Care Challenge (4th. Edition), pp Philadelphia: F. A. Davis. 20) Cherney, L. R. (2005). Communication. In G. Albecht (ed). Encyclopedia of Disability, Vol. 1, pp Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. 21) Cherney, L. R. (2005). Speech-Language Pathology. In G. Albecht (ed). Encyclopedia of Disability, Vol. 4, pp Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. 22) Cherney, L. R. (2006). Remediation of Language Disorders in Adults. In K. Brown (Ed). Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, 2 nd Edition., pp Elsevier. 23) Cherney, LR & Halper AS. (2007). Group Treatment For Patients With Right Hemisphere Damage. In RJ Elman (Ed). Group Treatment Of Neurogenic Communication Disorders: The Expert Clinician's Approach. 2 nd Edition. pp San Diego, Ca: Plural Publishing, Inc. 24) Cherney, LR & Robey, RR. (2008). Aphasia Treatment: Recovery, Prognosis, and Clinical Effectiveness. In R Chapey (ed). Language Intervention Strategies in Page 11 of 20

12 Aphasia and Related neurogenic Communication Disorders, 5 th edition. pp Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. 25) Cherney, L. R. & Small, S. L. (2009). Aphasia, Apraxia of Speech, and Dysarthria. In J. Stein, R. Zorowitz, R. Harvey, R. Macko, C. Winstein (Eds.), Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation (pp ). New York, NY: Demos Medical Publishers. Books: 26) Cherney, L. R., Cantieri, C. A. and Pannell, J. J. (1986). Clinical Evaluation of Dysphagia, Rockville: Aspen Systems Corporation. 27) Halper, A. S., Cherney, L. R., and Miller, T. K. (Eds.). (1991). Clinical Management of Communication Problems in Adults with Traumatic Brain Injuries. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers Inc. 28) Cherney, L. R. (Ed.) (1994). Clinical Management of Dysphagia in Adults and Children. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers Inc. 29) Halper, A. S., Cherney, L. R., Burns, M.S. (Eds). (1996). Clinical Management of Cognitive-Communicative Problems in Right Hemisphere Dysfunction. 2nd. Edition. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers Inc. 30) Cherney, L. R., Shadden, B. B., & Coelho, C. A. (1998). Analyzing Discourse in Communicatively Impaired Adults. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers Inc. c. Case reports, Technical Notes, Letters None d. Proceedings and Non-refereed Papers 1) Cherney, L. R. (1988). Swallowing disorders: A significant problem in older persons. The Summary Report of the Conference on Rehabilitation and Geriatric Education: Perspectives and Potential (pp ). Sponsored by the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services and the U. S. Department of Education. McClean, Virginia: The Circle, Inc. 2) Cherney, L. R., Tzanetopoulos, K., Halper, A. S., and Merbitz, C. T. (1989). Computerized measurement of conversational skills during aphasia treatment. Proceedings of the Conference on Treatment Efficacy. American Speech Language Hearing Association. 3) Olson, D., Cherney, L. R., and Pollard, E. M. (1989). Feeding and swallowing problems in the elderly: A multidisciplinary approach. Focus on Geriatric Care and Rehabilitation, 2 (7). 4) Merbitz, C., Cherney, L., & Marqui, H. (1992). The Communication Analysis System. Proceedings of the Johns Hopkins National Search for Computing to Assist Persons with Disabilities (pp ). IEEE Press. 5) Cherney, L. R. (December, 1993). Prevalence of neurologic dysphagia in an urban acute rehabilitation facility. Newsletter of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Special Interest Division 13: Swallowing and swallowing disorders, (pp. 5-9). 6) Cherney, L. R. (1994). Book Review - Dysphagia: Diagnosis and Management. ASHA, 36(9), Page 12 of 20

13 7) Golper, L. A. & Cherney, L. (July, 1999). Back to basics: Assessment practices with neurogenic communication disorders. Newsletter of the American Speech-Language- Hearing Association Special Interest Division 2: Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders.Vol. 9 (3), (pp. 3-8). 8) Halper, A.S. & Cherney, L.R. (2001). Aphasia therapy: Data from the Midwest. Newsletter of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Special Interest Division 2: Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders.Vol. 11(2), 2. 9) Raymer, A.S., Maher, L. M., Patterson, J., & Cherney, L. R. Neuroplasticity and Aphasia: Lessons from Constraint-Induced Language Treatment. Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders, American Speech Language Hearing Association, June e. Software, exhibits, audiovisual or other teaching materials 1) Cherney, L. R. (1990). Cognitive-Communicative Problems in the Head Injured Adult. Purdue Interactive Television Series on the Communicatively Handicapped, West Lafayette, Indiana. 2) Merbitz, C. T., Cherney, L. R., and Marqui, H. (1991). The Communication Analysis System. State College, PA: Parrot Software. 3) Halper, A. S., Cherney, L. R., Burns, M. S., Mogil, S. I. (1996). RIC evaluation of communication problems in right hemisphere dysfunction -Revised (RICE-R). Test and administration manual. In A. S. Halper, L. R. Cherney, and M. S. Burns (Eds.), Clinical Management of Right Hemisphere Dysfunction - Second Edition (pp ). Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers Inc. 4) Cherney, L. R. (2000). Management of reading problems in aphasia. Distance education archived presentation, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL. 5) Cherney, L. R. & Halper, A. S. (2002). A Framework for Managing Cognitive - Communication Disorders after Right Hemisphere Stroke. Distance education archived presentation, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL. 6) Cherney, L. R. (2007). Oral Reading for Language in Aphasia, Version 1.0 CD. Center for Aphasia Research, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago. 17. PRESENTATIONS (last 7 years) a. Invited Presentations 1) Cherney, L. R. Management of Reading and Writing Problems Associated with Aphasia. Workshop. Mason City, IA, April, ) Cherney, L. R. Diagnosis of Speech and Language Disorders: Implications for the Stroke Team. North American Stroke Meeting, Orlando, FL, December, ) Cherney, L. R. Unilateral Neglect: Theory, Assessment and Treatment, Illinois Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Arlington Heights, IL., February, ) Cherney, L. R. Cognitive-Communication Disorders after TBI. Workshop presented at East Tennessee State University, March, Page 13 of 20

14 5) Cherney, L. R. New Directions for Aphasia Treatment. Presented at the 2004 Annual Interdisciplinary Stroke Course, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, April, ) Cherney, L. R. Understanding Aphasia: Implications for Treatment. Integris - Jim Thorpe Rehabilitation. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. September, ) Cherney, L. R. Right hemisphere cognitive-communication disorders: Approaches to assessment and treatment. Maine Speech-Language Hearing Association Convention, Portland, Maine, October, ) Cherney, L. R. Cognitive-Communication Disorders in Neurologically Impaired Adults. Workshop presented at the Manitoba Speech-Language Hearing Association Annual Convention, Winnipeg, Canada, January 20-21, ) Cherney, L. R. Approaches to the Assessment and Treatment of Cognitive- Communication Disorders. Mississippi Speech-Language Hearing Association, Jackson, Mississippi, April 7, ) Cherney, L. R. New Directions in Aphasia Treatment. Presented at the Annual Multidisciplinary Course on Stroke, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, April, ) Cherney, L. R. Managing Communication Problems After Stroke: Aphasia and Right Hemisphere Cognitive-Communication Disorders. Workshop presented at Asante Health System, Medford, Oregon, July 30-31, ) Cherney, LR. Evidence-Based Practice Across the Clinical Spectrum. Panel presentation at the Illinois Speech-Language Hearing Association Annual Convention, Chicago, IL, February, ) Cherney, LR. Cognitive-Communication Disorders after Right Hemisphere Stroke. Keynote speaker at the Texas Speech Language Hearing Association Annual Convention, Grapevine, TX, March, ) Cherney, LR. New Directions for Aphasia Treatment. RIC Annual Stroke Conference, Chicago, IL, April ) Cherney LR. Cognitive-Communication Disorders: The Challenge of Working with Patients Who Have Decreased Awareness of Deficits. Presented at the Missouri Adult Communication Disorders 30 th Anniversary Conference, St. Louis, MO, September, ) Cherney, LR. Communication Issues following Stroke. National Stroke Association Regional Meeting, Orlando, FL. October, ) Cherney, L. R. Beyond Therapy: Community Groups for People with Aphasia. Presented at the International Stroke Meeting of the American Heart Association, San Francisco, CA (February, 2007). 18) Cherney, L. R. Functional imaging and aphasia treatment research. Presented at a seminar on Nuts and Bolts of Neuroimaging and Clinical Applications for Aphasia and Disorders of Consciousness. Marianjoy Rehabilitation Hospital, Wheaton, IL, April, ) Cherney, L. R. Communication Disorders after Right Hemisphere Stroke. Workshop presented at the annual convention of the Canadian Association of Speech- Language Pathologists and Audiologists, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada (April 2007). 20) Cherney, L. R. Computerized conversational script training for aphasia. Invited presentation at a conference on Virtual Reality and Cognitive Disability. Universite Victor Segalen, Bordeaux, France (May, 2007). Page 14 of 20

15 21) Cherney, L. R. Computerized oral reading for language in aphasia. Invited presentation at a conference on Virtual Reality and Cognitive Disability. Universite Victor Segalen, Bordeaux, France (May, 2007). 22) Cherney, L. R. Aphasia Treatment: An Update for the Practicing Clinician. Invited workshop at the Annual Convention of the Nebraska Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Kearney, NE (September, 2007). 23) Cherney, L. R. Aphasia Treatment: Current Status and Future Trends. Invited workshop at the Annual Convention of the Washington Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Seattle, WA (October, 2007). 24) Cherney, L. R. Aphasia Treatment: An Update for the Practicing Clinician. Invited workshop at the Crossroads Conference on Communicative Disorders, Purdue University, West LaFayette, IN (October, 2007) 25) Cherney, L. R. Neuroplasticity, Technology, and the Changing Face of Aphasia Treatment. Invited presentation. Michigan Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Kalamazoo, MI (March, 2008). 26) Cherney, L. R. Functional Imaging and Aphasia Treatment Research. Invited presentation. Wheaton Franciscan Healthcare System, Milwaukee, WI (April, 2008) 27) Cherney, L. R. Aphasia Treatment: An Update for the Practicing Clinician. Invited workshop presented at the Rehabilitation Institute of Michigan, Detroit, MI (November, 2008). 28) Cherney, L. R. Aphasia Treatment. Five-day series of lectures and workshops presented at Tan Tock Seng Hospital and University Hospital, Singapore. (December, 2008). 29) Cherney, L. R. The Changing Face of Aphasia Treatment. Lecture presented to the Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. (February, 2009). 30) Cherney, L. R. New Directions in Aphasia Treatment: Evidence for Best Practices. Seminar presented at the annual convention of the Illinois Speech-Language Hearing Association, Chicago, IL (February, 2009). 31) Cherney, L. R. Reading Aloud and Aphasia Therapy: Theory, Evidence and Clinical Practice. Lecture presented to the Department of Communicative Disorders, University of Rhode Island, RI (April, 2009) 32) Cherney, L. R. & Lee, J. B. A French-Speaking Version of AphasiaScripts: Development and Training. Three-day workshop, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (June, 2009). 33) Cherney, L. R. Aphasia Treatment: An Update for the Practicing Clinician. One-day workshop. Professional Programs, Madison, WI (June, 2009). 34) Raymer, A. S. & Cherney, L. R. Aphasia Treatment: Recent Trends and Future Directions. Two-day external course. Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (June, 2009). 35) Cherney, L. R. The Changing Face of Aphasia Treatment: An Update for the Practicing Clinician. One day workshop. Medical Speech-Language Pathology Council of California. Fairfield, CA (February, 2010). 36) Cherney, L. R. Innovative Programs for Aphasia: Groups, Dyads and More. Seminar presented at the annual convention of the Illinois Speech-Language Hearing Association, Chicago, IL (February, 2010). Page 15 of 20

16 37) Cherney, L. R. Neuroplasticity, Technology, and the Changing Face of Aphasia Treatment. Seminar presented at the annual convention of the Mississippi Speech- Language Hearing Association, Jackson, MS (March, 2010). 38) Cherney, L. R. Innovative Programs for Aphasia: Groups, Dyads and More. Seminar presented at the annual convention of the Mississippi Speech-Language Hearing Association, Jackson, MS (March, 2010). 39) Cherney, L. R. Innovative Programs for Aphasia: Groups, Dyads, Computers and More. One day workshop. National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington D.C. (June, 2010). 40) Cherney, L. R. Care standards for innovative aphasia rehabilitation. Panel presentation. Aphasia Summit, Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation, West Orange, NJ (June, 2010). 41) Cherney, L. R. Treatment Intensity and Aphasia Recovery: Is More Better? Keynote Address. 14 th International Aphasia Rehabilitation Conference, Montreal, Canada (June, 2010). 42) Cherney, L. R. Treating Aphasia: An Update for the Practicing Clinician. One day workshop. University of Redlands, Redlands, CA (September, 2010). 43) Cherney, L. R. Advanced Aphasia Therapy Techniques. Two day workshop, Spaulding Rehabilitation Network, Boston, MA (December, 2010). 44) Cherney, L. R. Aphasia Rehabilitation:Targeting the Brain. Medical Grand Rounds, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA (December, 2010). 45) Cherney, L. R. Aphasia Research: Future Directions. Neurorehabilitation Grand Rounds, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (December, 2010). b. Conference Presentations Peer Reviewed 46) Halper, A. S. & Cherney, L. R. Right Hemisphere Stroke and the Stroop Neuropsychological Screening Test. Annual Convention of the American Speech- Language Hearing Association, Chicago, IL, November, ) Cherney, L. R., Babbitt, E. M., & Oldani, J. Cross-Modal Improvements During Choral Reading: Case Studies. Presented at the Clinical Aphasiology Conference, Park City, Utah, May, ) Cherney LR, Babbitt E, Oldani J, Semik P. (2005). Efficacy of Repeated Choral Reading for Individuals with Chronic Nonfluent Aphasia. Paper presented at the Clinical Aphasiology Conference, Sanibel, FL. June, ) Elman, R., Bernstein-Ellis, E., Watt, S., Sobel, P., Giuffrida, E., Fink, R., De Stephen, R., Cherney, L., Boyle, M., & Babbitt, E. (2005). Reading for Pleasure: Aphasia Book Clubs and Quality of Life. Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the American Speech-Language Hearing Association, San Diego. 50) Pashek, G., Walker-Batson, D., & Cherney, L. R. (2005). Pharmacotherapy Research in Adult Communication Disorders: Is It For You? Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the American Speech-Language Hearing Association, San Diego. Page 16 of 20

17 51) Cherney, L. R., Halper, A., Babbitt, E., Holland, A., Cole, R., van Vuuren, S. & Ngampatipatpong, N. (2005). Learning to Converse: Script Training, Virtual Tutors, and Aphasia Therapy. Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the American Speech-Language Hearing Association, San Diego. 52) Cherney, L. R., Cole, R., Holland, A., Thompson, C., Ramig, L., Halper, A., & Halpern, A. (2005). Virtual Therapist Technology: Application to Neurologic Communication Disorders. Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the American Speech-Language Hearing Association, San Diego. 53) Cherney, LR. The Virtual Therapist and Adults with Aphasia. Paper presented as part of a symposium presentation, Technology Helping People with Communication Disorders: Challenges and Opportunities, at the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Annual Meeting, St. Louis, MO, February, ) Small SL, Cherney LR, Weir HY, Lobo N, Erickson RK. fmri changes in brain activity following intensive language therapy with and without cortical stimulation in chronic Broca s aphasia. Paper presented at the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine, Boston, MA, September, ) Cherney LR, Babbitt EM, Hurwitz R, Small SL. Efficacy of cortical stimulation combined with intensive language therapy for patients with chronic Broca s Aphasia. American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine, Boston, MA, September, ) Cherney, LR, Babbitt, EM, Cole, R, Van Vuuren, S, Hurwitz, R, Ngampatipatpong, N. Computer treatment for aphasia: Efficacy and Treatment Intensity. American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine, Boston, MA, September, ) Small SL, Cherney LR, Erickson, RK, Wier, HY, Lobo, NC. Intensive language therapy with and without cortical stimulation in nonfluent aphasia. American Neurological Association, Chicago, IL, October ) Cherney, L.R., Halper, A.S., Holland, A., Babbitt, E., Cole, R., Van Vuuren, S. (2006). Creating and Implementing Conversational Script Training for Aphasia. Presented at the Annual Convention of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Miami Beach, FL. 59) Erickson, RK, Cherney, LR, and Small, SL. Cortical Stimulation Combined with Intensive Therapy for Nonfluent Aphasia. Presented at the 75th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS), Washington DC (April, 2007). 60) Raymer, A., Patterson, J., Cherney, L. R., Frymark, T., Schooling, T., & Mullen, R. Quality of Treatment Research Designs: Lessons from a systematic review on CILT. Platform Presentation, Clinical Aphasiology Conference, Phoenix AZ (May, 2007). 61) Cherney, L. R. & Small, S. L. Intensive Language Therapy for Nonfluent Aphasia With And Without Surgical Implantation of an Investigational Cortical Stimulation Device: Preliminary Language and Imaging Results. Platform Presentation, Clinical Aphasiology Conference, Phoenix AZ (May, 2007). 62) Cherney, L. R., Lee, J., Babbitt, E, & Hurwitz, R. Is More Better? Preliminary Results from a Computer Treatment Study for Aphasia. Platform Presentation, Clinical Aphasiology Conference, Phoenix AZ (May, 2007). 63) Raymer, A. S., Patterson, J., Cherney, L. R., Mullen, R., Schooling, T., & Frymark, T. Examining the effects of treatment intensity and constraint-induced language therapy for individuals with stroke-induced aphasia: a systematic review. Presented at the Joint Conference of the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Society of Neurorehabilitation, Washington DC (October, 2007). Page 17 of 20

18 64) Cherney, L. R., Halper, A. S., Holland, A. L., Lee, J. B., Babbitt, E., & Cole, R. (2007). Improving conversational script production in aphasia with virtual therapist computer treatment software. Platform Presentation at the Annual Meeting of the Academy of Aphasia, Washington DC (October, 2007) 65) Cherney, L. R., Halper, A. S., Holland, A. L., Lee, J. B., Babbitt, E., & Cole, R. Conversational Script Training for Aphasia: Case Studies. Seminar presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Speech-Language Hearing Association, Boston, MA (November, 2007). 66) Cherney, L. R., Babbitt, E., Oehring, A., & Lee, J. B. Innovative Group Programs for Aphasia: Making It Work. Seminar presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Speech-Language Hearing Association, Boston, MA (November, 2007) 67) Patterson, J., Raymer, A. S., Cherney, L. R., Frymark, T., Schooling, T., & Mullen, R. Effect of Intensity and CILT in Aphasia: A systematic review. Seminar presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Speech-Language Hearing Association, Boston, MA (November, 2007) 68) Babbitt, E. M, Cherney, L. R., & Halper, A. S. Measuring Changes in Quality of Life in Persons with Aphasia: Is Communication Confidence a Good Measure? Clinical Aphasiology Conference, Jackson Hole, WY (May, 2008). 69) Lee, J. B., Kaye, R. C., & Cherney, L. R. Practice Makes Perfect? Practice Time and Measures of Conversational Script Performance for 10 Subjects with Non-Fluent Aphasia. Clinical Aphasiology Conference, Jackson Hole, WY (May, 2008). 70) Cherney, L. R., Lee, J., Babbitt, E, & Hurwitz, R. Is More Better? Preliminary Results from a Computer Treatment Study for Aphasia. Invited presentation as part of a symposium on chronic aphasia. Thirteenth Annual Aphasia Rehabilitation Conference, Ljubljana, Slovenia (June, 2008). 71) Cherney, L. R., Lee, J. B., Hurwitz, R., Van Vuuren, S., & Ngampatipatpong, N. Using the internet to provide intensive treatment to individuals with aphasia. Presented at a conference on Computer-Based Interventions and Diagnostic Procedures Applications for Language Impaired Persons, Austrian Academy of Sciences. Vienna, Austria (July, 2008). 72) Cherney, L. R., Halper, A. S., Lee, J. B., Babbitt, E., Van Vuuren, S., Ngampatipatpong, N., Cole, R., & Holland, A. L. Virtual Therapist Computer Software for Script Training of Individuals with Fluent Aphasia. Presented at a conference on Computer-Based Interventions and Diagnostic Procedures Applications for Language Impaired Persons. Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (July, 2008). 73) Cherney, L. R., Lee, J. B., Hurwitz, R., Ngamapatipong, N., Van Vuuren, S. Treating Aphasia over the Internet: A Clinical Trial. Seminar presented at the annual meeting of the American Speech-Language Hearing Association, Chicago, IL (November, 2008). 74) Babbitt, E., Oehring, A., & Cherney, L. R. An Innovative Aphasia Group Program for Written Expression. Seminar presented at the annual meeting of the American Speech- Language Hearing Association, Chicago, IL (November, 2008). 75) Elman, R., Cherney, L. R., Hinckley, J., & Wozniak, L. Creating Aphasia Programs in Different Practice Settings: Challenges and Opportunities. Seminar presented at the annual meeting of the American Speech-Language Hearing Association, Chicago, IL (November, 2008). 76) Cherney, L. R., Hurwitz, R., Babbitt, E., & Lee, J. B. Aphasia Treatment: From the Research Lab to the Clinic. Seminar presented at the annual convention of the Illinois Speech-Language Hearing Association, Chicago, IL (February, 2009). 77) Simmons-Mackie, N., Cherney, L. R., Raymer, A. S., Armstrong, B., Holland, A. L. Page 18 of 20

19 Communication Partner Training in Aphasia: A Critical Review. Presented at the Clinical Aphasiology Conference, Keystone, CO (June, 2009). 78) Babbitt, E.M., Cherney, L. R., Heinemann, A. W., & Semik, P. Using Rasch Analysis to Develop the Communication Confidence Rating Scale for Aphasia (CCRSA). Poster presented at the Clinical Aphasiology Conference, Keystone, CO (June, 2009). 79) Cherney, L. R., Patterson, J., Rogers, M., Raymer, A. L., Simmons-Mackie, N., Armstrong, B., & Holland, A. L. Aphasia Treatment: The State of the Evidence. Annual joint meeting of the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Society of NeuroRehabilitation, Denver, CO (October, 2009). 80) Oehring, A., Whipple, K., Rubenstein, T., & Cherney, L. R. Drama and Drama Therapy: A Novel Aphasia Group Experience. Seminar presented at the annual meeting of the American Speech-Language Hearing Association, New Orleans, LA, (November, 2009). 81) Simmons-Mackie, N., Cherney, L. R., Raymer, A., Armstrong, E., & Holland, A. L. Communication Partner Training in Aphasia: A Review of Treatment Approaches. Seminar presented at the annual meeting of the American Speech-Language Hearing Association, New Orleans, LA, (November, 2009). 82) Cherney, L. R., Oehring, A., Whipple, K., & Rubenstein, T. Patient-reported outcomes following a drama class for individuals with chronic aphasia. Poster presented at the Clinical Aphasiology Conference, Isle of Palms, SC (May, 2010). 83) Babbitt, E. M. & Cherney, L. R. Psychometric properties of the Communication Confidence Rating Scale for Aphasia (CCRSA): Phase 2. Poster presented at the Clinical Aphasiology Conference, Isle of Palms, SC (May, 2010). 84) Buchholz, B., Hawkley, L., Cherney, L., & Small, S. L. Intensive mouth imitation and talking for aphasia therapeutic effect (imitate): Preliminary data and relation to social factors. Poster presented at the 14 th International Aphasia Rehabilitation Conference, Montreal, Canada (June, 2010). 85) Simmons-Mackie, N., Cherney, L., Raymer, A., Armstrong, E. & Holland, A. Clinical recommendations regarding partner training in aphasia: Results of a systematic review. Poster presented at the 14 th International Aphasia Rehabilitation Conference, Montreal, Canada (June, 2010). 86) Babbitt, E. &Cherney, L. Statistical analysis of the communication confidence rating scale for aphasia (CCRSA). Poster presented at the 14 th International Aphasia Rehabilitation Conference, Montreal, Canada (June, 2010). 87) Cherney, L. R., Simmons-Mackie, N., Raymer, A., Armstrong, E., & Holland, A. L. A review of the quality of treatment research on partner training in aphasia. Platform session presented at the 14 th International Aphasia Rehabilitation Conference, Montreal, Canada (June, 2010). 88) Cherney, L. R., Simmons-Mackie, N., Raymer, A., Armstrong, E., & Holland, A. L. A systematic review of communication partner training in aphasia: clinical recommendations. Oral presentation, 28 th World Congress of the International Association of Logopedics and Phoniatrics (IALP), Athens, Greece (August, 2010). 89) Cherney, L. R., Oehring, A., Whipple, K., & Rubenstein, T. Rationale, procedures and patient-reported outcomes of a drama class for individuals with chronic aphasia. Oral presentation, 28 th World Congress of the International Association of Logopedics and Phoniatrics (IALP), Athens, Greece (August, 2010). 90) Cherney, L. R., Oehring, A., Whipple, K., & Rubenstein, T. Patient-Reported Outcomes Following a Drama Class for Chronic Aphasia. Poster presentation, Annual Convention of Page 19 of 20

20 the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Philadelphia, PA (November, 2010). 91) Cherney, L. R., Van Vuuren, S., & Ngampatipatpong, N. Telerehabilitation for Aphasia: From Real to Virtual Therapists. Poster presentation, Annual Convention of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Philadelphia, PA (November, 2010). Page 20 of 20