Unit I: Constitutional Underpinnings of the U.S. Government. Syllabus / Study Guide: The Constitution Chapter 2

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1 AP American Government and Politics, S2015 Clayton High School Mrs. Wiens Name Period Unit I: Constitutional Underpinnings of the U.S. Government Essential Questions for Unit I: 1. Mon, Jan Why did the Framers create a republican form of government rather than a democracy? 2. What are the fundamental principles upon which our system of government is founded? 3. What values matter most in American democracy? 4. Why did the Framers create a federal system of government? 5. How is power divided between the national government and the states under the Constitution? 6. What competing values are at stake in federalism? 7. Where is sovereignty located in the American political system? 8. How is political power actually distributed in America? Syllabus / Study Guide: The Constitution Chapter 2 Date Topics / Class Activities Assignments Introduction to AP American Government and Politics! Why does government matter?! What functions do all governments have?! What constitutes the policymaking system?! What key principles characterize an ideal democracy?! What are three theories of American democracy?! What challenges face American democracy?! What set of values are shared widely within the American society? Activities! Introduction to Govt. PPT! Types of Governments 2. Tues, Jan T/F Answers and Explanations 2. Finish Introduction PPT 3. Early State Constitutions (MA vs. PA) 1. Read the Constitution. It is found Online at onstitution_transcript.html In the Edwards textbook Appendix pp ( ). Stop at the Amendments. 2. T/F Exercise. Mark only the likely TRUE statements. 1. Finish reading the Constitution's Amendments 1-27, Appendix pp ( ). 3. Wed, 1. John Locke's Second Treatise + PPT Discussion 2. Read the excerpt from John Locke handout: "Second Treatise on Civil Government"; Answer the questions on Locke's reading (see box below) - a Handout 1. Read Edwards p (31-40) to Making a Constitution: The Philadelphia Convention 1

2 Jan Thurs, Jan Fri, Jan Mon, Jan Edwards text pp discussion questions 2. Articles of Confederation Review PPT 3. Virginia Declaration of Rights versus the U.S. Bill of Rights Activity 1. Principles of the Constitution! Separation of Powers! Checks and Balances (ppt) 2. Articles I-II PPT 1. Video: Representative Democracy H4MY&feature=youtu.be 2. Principles of the Constitution continued...! Limited Govt.! Judicial Review (handout)! Amendment Process (ppt)! Ratification 1. Socratic Circle: Richard Hofstadter article in the Readings Book p and Federalist 10 and Answer Test Review Questions #1-5 for Chapter Two (found below) 1. Read the excerpts from Federalist 10 and 51 in Readings Book pp , They are also found in the Appendix of your textbook on pages ( ). 2. Answer questions found in the boxes (see below) for each reading. 1. Read Edwards Ch. 2 p (41-51) "Making a Constitution." Stop at "Ratifying the Constitution" 2. Answer Test Review Questions for Chapter Two #6-17 found below. 3. Read the Richard Hofstadter article found in Readings Book pp You may dialogue with colleagues tomorrow in Socratic Circles. 4. Answer the test review questions reading questions #1-6 on Hofstadter s article (in box below) 1. Read p (51-65) in Edwards text 2. Answer Test Review Questions #18-26 below. 7. Tues, Jan. 13 Constitution Scavenger Hunt. Try to learn these answers as you do the activity Finish Scavenger Hunt Questions on John Locke s Second Treatise of Government Use your own words to write / type answers to the following questions. Make sure you understand what you re writing. 1. Summarize the first paragraph in your own words. 2. Explain why, a free man in the state of nature would be willing to give up some of his freedom. 3. Summarize the three reasons Locke gives for why property is not protected in the state of nature. 2

3 4. What are the two powers that Locke says man has in the state of nature? 6. Define democracy, oligarchy, monarchy, and mixed government according to Locke. 7. Locke is famous for his social contract theory of government. Based on what you just read, what do you think the social contract is? Questions for The Federalist, #10 Introduction: What were the Federalist Papers? How many were there? When were they written? By whom? Why? (Use your text and other sources to answer) 1. What were the differences between a republic and a pure or direct democracy? 2. What are the dangers of a pure or direct democracy? 3. A well-constructed union should develop what advantageous tendency? 4. What were "our most considerate and virtuous citizens" complaining about? 5. What is Madison's definition of "faction"? Look up "faction" in the dictionary. Do the two agree? 6. Madison says that there are two methods for controlling faction: "removing the causes of faction" and "controlling its effects." He then analyzes in detail two methods for "removing causes of faction." What are these two methods, and does he recommend these methods? Why or why not? 7. In the course of answering question #4, Madison identifies the most common source of factions in society. What is it? 8. When a body of men get together to make policy, what often happens? What kinds of issues divide them? 9. Of the two methods for controlling faction (see #4 above), what is the best one to control it? 10. In a republican system, how can minority factions be controlled? 11. What can happen if a majority comprises the faction? 3

4 12. Madison fears that majority factions could oppress the rights of others when in power. To prevent that from happening, Madison suggests that a republic works better than a pure democracy. Why won't a democracy work to control a majority faction's oppression of the minority? 13. Why will a republic overcome weaknesses associated with pure or direct democracy (for example, control factions)? 14. Madison discusses large republics versus small republics. Which size does he prefer, and why? 15. Does Madison's concept of republican government include both majority rule and minority rights? Explain your answer. 16. Is Madison's concept of republican government compatible with today's concept of representative democracy? Explain your answer. 17. Thought question: Given what you know about the struggle over the ratification of the Constitution, why did Madison write this essay? Why is it an argument that supports ratification of the Constitution? After all, the Constitution is not even mentioned once in the entire essay! Questions for The Federalist, #51 1. Analyze this statement: "It is of great importance in a republic not only to guard the society against the oppression of its rulers, but to guard one part of the society against the injustice of the other part." What does this statement have to do with majority rule and minority rights in a free government? 2. Do you agree with Madison's statement? Why? 3. Analyze: Why did Madison believe that a separation of powers was necessary "to be essential to the preservation of liberty?" 4. How does Madison justify selecting members of the judiciary in an undemocratic way? 5. Analyze these sentences: 6. "Ambition must be made to counteract ambition." 7. "But what is government itself, but the greatest of all reflections on human nature?" 8. What methods are used to check the power of the Congress? 9. According to Madison, ought the president have an absolute negative power (veto) on the Congress? Why or why not? 10. Define: single republic and compound republic 11. What does Madison mean by the phrase: "double security arises to the rights of the people"? 4

5 12. Assess: How does Madison believe that our federal system protects the rights of both the majority and the minority? 13. What is the "end (purpose) of government? Assess: In what areas of American life today has this goal been achieved? Not achieved? 14. Analyze this statement: "In the extended republic of the United States, and among the great variety of interests, parties, and sects..., a coalition of a majority of the whole society could seldom take place on any other principles than those of justice and the general good..." What are some assumptions that Madison has? (This one is hard!) Reading Questions on Richard Hofstadter from The American Political Tradition (p in the Readings Book) 1. What was the central dilemma facing the Founders concerning their views of human nature and the type of government they sought to create? 2. Summarize in your own words the quote from Federalist 51 on page What were the three advantages to a federal government? 5. Why did the Founders believe that democracy could conflict with liberty? How did they define liberty? 6. What did the Founders believe that democracy would lead to? How can the United States avoid this fate? Edwards Ch. 2 Test Review Questions: The Constitution Use your own words to answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. 1. What were the events that led early Americans to declare independence from Britain? Make a list of what the "Colonial Mind" was thinking at the time of the Revolution. 2. What is the basic philosophy that underlies the Declaration of Independence? 3. Summarize the parallels between Locke's writings and Jefferson's language in the Declaration of Independence. 4. Make a detailed list of the weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation and explain how they laid the groundwork for the Constitution. 5. What was Shays s Rebellion and what role did that play in the push for changing the Articles of Confederation? 5

6 6. What was the founders solution to the problem that people will pursue their own self-interest? How is that different from what ancient philosophers believed? What did Madison argue and propose in this context? 7. Describe what Madison meant by "factions" and how he proposed to solve the problems presented by factions. 8. Demonstrate what we mean by the "Madisonian model" and how it is incorporated within the Constitution. 9. Explain why critics claim that the Madisonian model actually reduces efficiency in the operations of government. 10. Evaluate how the Constitutional Convention dealt with issues of equality. 11. Make a chart comparing and contrasting the Virginia Plan, New Jersey Plan, and the Great Compromise. 12. What were the other compromises involving the president and the Supreme Court decided at the Convention? 13. Explain why economic issues were high on the agenda at the Constitutional Convention and how the framers tried to strengthen the economic powers of the new national government. 14. In the ratifying conventions, what were the economic divisions of who favored the Constitution? 15. What was Charles Beard s interpretation of the Framers of the Constitution? What is now known to counter his interpretation? 16. What is the difference between a democracy and a republic and how did the Constitution strike a balance between these two forms of government? 17. List and define the two major principles of American representative democracy? 18. Make a chart showing the Federalist and Anti-federalist arguments about the Constitution. 19. What arguments did the Federalists have against a bill of rights? 20. List the liberties guaranteed in the body of the original Constitution. Learn that list. Define writ of habeas corpus, bill of attainder, and an ex post facto law. 21. Summarize the three provisions in the Constitution regarding slavery. Why didn t the Founders abolish slavery? 22. Outline how to propose and ratify an amendment. Read over the language in Article V of the Constitution. Memorize these methods. 23. How do constitutional changes--both formal and informal--continue to shape and alter the Madisonian system? 6

7 24. What is judicial review? 25. Identify factors that have led to the gradual democratization of the Constitution. 26. What are the proposals of those who say the government is too large and who would seek changes in the Constitution to limit the government? What are the counter arguments? Not for the "faint of heart" final test review questions 1. What is the purpose of government? 2. What is political power? How is political power distributed? 3. What is democracy? Where do we see examples of democracy in the United States today? 4. How did the Founding Fathers deal with the problem of liberty? 5. What were three major compromises made by the Founders when developing the Constitution? 6. What are the key principles of the Constitution? 7. Which branch of the Federal government was meant to have the most power? Explain. 8. If states each had their own Bill of Rights, why was there a need for the Bill of Rights in the U.S. Constitution? 9. What were the motives of the Framers? What evidence do you have to support your answer? Terms to Know for Ch. 2: The Constitution 1. Republic 2. Checks and balances 3. John Locke 4. Federalist Papers 5. Social contract 6. Federalist Papers Nos. 10 and Natural rights 8. Judicial review 9. Consent of the governed 10. Marbury vs. Madison 11. Limited government 12. Separation of powers 13. State of nature 14. Popular Sovereignty 15. Factions 16. James Madison 17. Thomas Hobbes 18. Alexander Hamilton 7

8 19. Democracy 20. Coalition 21. Oligarchy 22. Equal Rights Amendment 23. Monarchy 24. Writ of habeas corpus 25. Mixed government 26. Bill of Rights 27. Articles of Confederation 28. Charles Beard 29. Constitutional Convention 30. Shays' Rebellion 31. Articles of Confederation 32. Northwest Ordinance 33. The Great (or Connecticut) Compromise 34. New Jersey Plan 35. Virginia Plan 36. Citizenship 8

9 Syllabus /Study Guide: Federalism Chapter 3 Date Due Wed, Jan. 14 Topics / Class Assignments Activities 1. Federalism PPT Prepare for Friday's SOCRATIC CIRCLE using excerpts from Daniel Elazar's American Federalism and Larry Gersont's Recall! See Readings Book pp and What questions does this article raise in your mind? 8. Thurs, Jan Fri, Jan. 16 Early release day Computer Lab Work: 1. E-mocracy's Federalism Computer Lab Activity; Contemporary News Analysis Assignment on Federalism 2. Research online to find some initiatives passed in the last decade in the state of California. Helpful website: ions 3. What is the most recent news about California state government? Check out the website about how Californians are feeling about the "state of their state." 4. Go to the Missouri Secretary of State's website to view former ballot measures and current initiative petitions approved for circulation. Do you think that direct democracy (when voters change policies at the polls and even government officials before scheduled elections) is a good way to make law? Missouri Election results found at: 1. Read Edwards p (71-82) to "Intergovernmental Relations Today" 2. Answer Ch. 3 questions #1-7 below 3. Learn what the Supremacy, Elastic, Commerce, Full Faith and Credit, Privileges and Immunities clauses say. You may choose to make flashcards or just trust yourself. 4. Try to figure out the meanings of the following terms: enumerated (or delegated or expressed), reserved, concurrent, implied, and denied powers.. 1. Read Edwards p (82-90) to the end of Ch. 2. Answer Ch. 3 questions #8-13 below. 3. Make sure you understand the differences amongst Dual, Cooperative, Creative, and New Federalism. If it helps, make flash cards. 4. Write out summaries of federalism cases #1 5 on the Supreme Court list. I strongly recommend flash cards for doing this. Make sure to summarize the issue as relates to federalism in each case. Use the textbook book or Wikipedia 9

10 Mon, Jan Tues, Jan Wed, Jan. 21 Martin Luther King, Jr Day No School 1. Turn in E-mocracy's Federalism Computer Lab Activity. 2. On the Constitution s Ratification Write 2003 FRQ. You will not have more than 20 minutes to do so. Write a class rubric Discuss, compare and contrast 3. Types of Federalism QUIZ Socratic Circle or Discussion over Daniel Elazar's American Federalism and Larry Gersont's Recall! Found in Readings Book pp and Read Edwards p (90-96) 2. Make sure that you understand the differences among grants-inaid, categorical grants, block grants, revenue sharing, and mandates. You must have these firmly entered into your memory banks 3. Fill in the Chart on Fiscal Federalism Write out summaries of federalism cases #6 12 on the Supreme Court list. On your class webpage: TAKE PRACTICE CONSTITUTION TESTS and FLASHCARD REVIEW 12. Thurs, Jan Friday, January Write FRQs from the 2006 tests. You will not have more than 20 minutes to do so. 2. Write a rubric together 3. Discuss, compare and contrast Mid-Unit (Chapters 2 & 3) Test: The Constitution and Federalism Computer Lab Review for the test over Ch. 2 and 3. Passing this test with 70% or higher meets the state requirement for the U.S. Constitution exam. Edwards Test Review Ch. 3 Questions: Federalism 1. Define federalism and explain how such a system differs from a unitary or a confederation system. 2. Identify the ways in which the Constitution determines the powers of state and national governments. 10

11 3. Evaluate how contrasting interpretations of the supremacy clause and the Tenth Amendment lead to divergent views of the scope of state and national powers. 4. Describe how the Supreme Court set forth the principle of implied powers in the McCulloch v. Maryland case. 5. Explain the relationship of implied powers to enumerated powers. 6. How did the Civil War and the civil rights movement contribute to the development of national supremacy over the states? 7. List and analyze the clauses in the Constitution that define the obligations that each state has to every other state. 8. Trace the ways in which American federalism has changed over the past two centuries. 9. Compare the contrasting forms of dual federalism and cooperative federalism. 10. List the elements of the Constitution that 1) restrict the powers of the states 2) protect the powers of the states 3) describe how the states should deal with each other and 4) have been used to expand the power of the federal government. 11. What was the principle of nullification? 12. Why do members of Congress pass laws that cause governors and mayors to complain about the role of the federal government? 13. Make a chart listing the positive and negative aspects of federalism. More Test Review Questions 1. What role has devolution played in federalism? 2. What are the three governmental systems used throughout history? 3. What role does sovereignty play in political power? 4. What was the Founders ideas regarding federalism? 5. What role does the case McCulloch v. Maryland play in federalism? 6. What role does US v. Lopez play in federalism? 7. How does the elastic clause keep the federal government supreme? 8. What is dual federalism? 11

12 9. What role does money play in the relationship between states and the federal government? 10. How do mandates affect federal-state relationships? Terms for Ch. 3: Federalism 1. Federalism 2. Nullification 3. Devolution 4. Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions 5. Unitary System 6. John C. Calhoun 7. Intergovernmental relations 8. Dual Federalism 9. Sovereignty 10. Layer Cake Federalism 11. Confederation 12. Marble Cake Federalism 13. Tenth Amendment 14. Creative Federalism and The Great Society (LBJ) 15. Supremacy Clause (Article VI 16. New Federalism (Competitive Federalism) 17. Elastic or "Necessary and Proper" Clause (Art. 18. Extradition I, Section 8, clause 18) 19. Commerce Clause (Art. I, section 8, clause 3) 20. Marbury v. Madison 21. "Full Faith and Credit" Clause (Art. IV, Sec. 1) 22. Gibbons v. Ogden 23. "Privileges and Immunities" Clause (Art. IV, 24. Cooperative federalism sec. 2) 25. Enumerated Powers (also called Expressed or 26. Fiscal federalism Delegated Powers) 27. Reserved Powers 28. Categorical grants 29. Concurrent Powers 30. Project grants 31. Implied Powers 32. Formula grants 12

13 33. Denied Powers 34. Block grants 35. Mandates 36. Revenue-sharing grants 37. Unfunded Mandates 38. Grants-in-aid 39. Treason 40. Conditions of Aid Supreme Court Cases on Federalism: I strongly recommend that you start flash cards on 3 x 5 cards for the Supreme Court cases. Include information on the background of the case, ruling of the court, and significance of that particular case. You will have dozens of cases by the end of the year and this will be very helpful for your study. 1. Fletcher v. Peck (1810) 2. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) 3. Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) 4. National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel (1937) 5. Wickard v. Filburn (1942) 6. Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States (1964) 7. South Dakota v. Dole (1987) 8. United States v. Lopez (1995) 9. Printz v. United States (1997) 10 United States v. Morrison (2000) 11 Gonzales v. Raich (2005) 12 Gonzales v. Oregon (2006) Significant Laws on Federalism: Again, I recommend that you start flash cards for these laws. Include a short summary of what the law did and its significance. Some of these laws will appear several times in the course. 1. Civil Rights Act (1964) 5. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (

14 2. Clean Air Act (1970) 6. Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 or Welfare Reform Act (1996) 3. Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) 7. No Child Left Behind (2002) 4. National Voter Registration Act or Motor Voter Registration Act (1993) 14