ADHD. By, Natalia, Avery, Mikayla, and Peter

Transcription

1 ADHD By, Natalia, Avery, Mikayla, and Peter

2 Six (or more) symptoms have persisted for at least 6 months to a degree that is inconsistent with developmental level and that negatively impacts directly on social and academic/occupational activities. The symptoms are not solely a manifestation of oppositional behavior, defiance, hostility, or failure to understand tasks or instructions. Peter Ragen

3 Inattention Symptoms Often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, at work, or during other activities. Often has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly Often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace Peter Ragen

4 Inattention Symptoms Cont. Often has difficulty organizing tasks and activities Often avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort Often loses things necessary for tasks or activities Is often easily distracted by extraneous stimuli Is often forgetful in daily activities Peter Ragen

5 Diagnostic Criteria: Hyperactivity & Impulsivity Six (or more) symptoms have persisted for at least 6 months to a degree that is inconsistent with developmental level and that negatively impacts directly on social and academic/occupational activities. Symptoms are not solely a manifestation of oppositional behavior, defiance, hostility, or a failure to understand tasks or instructions. Peter Ragen

6 Peter Ragen Hyperactivity & Impulsivity Symptoms Often fidgets with or taps hands or feet or squirms in seat. Often leaves seat in situations when remaining seated is expected Often runs about or climbs in situations where it is inappropriate. (Note: In adolescents or adults, may be limited to feeling restless.) Often unable to play or engage in leisure activities quietly. Is often on the go, acting as if driven by a motor Often talks excessively. Often blurts out an answer before a question has been completed Often has difficulty waiting his or her turn Often interrupts or intrudes on others

7 Mild delays in language, motor, or social development May include low frustration tolerance, irritability, or mood Individuals with ADHD may exhibit cognitive problems on tests of attention, executive function, or memory No biological marker is diagnostic for ADHD Children with ADHD display increased slow wave electroencephalograms Peter Ragen

8 Temperamental: Associated with reduced behavioral inhibition Effortful control Negative emotionality Impulsive decisions Loss of temper Environmental: Very low birth rate Correlated with smoking Environmental toxins correlated Child neglect, abuse, foster homes Aspect of diet

9 Genetic and physiological: Biological relatives Visual and hearing impairments, sleep disorders etc Not associated with physical features Low set ears, highly arched palate Subtle motor delays Course Modifiers: Family interaction unlikely to cause ADHD May influence course Lead to conduct problems

10 Oppositional defiant disorder in ½ of children Conduct disorder ¼ of children Disruptive mood disorder have symptoms of ADHD Specific learning disorder Adults: antisocial and personality disorders OCD, tic, autism spectrum Natalia Perry

11 - Georgia is a 10 year old who lives with her family - Georgia attends the local junior school and will be moving up to high school within the next year. - At a recent parents evening, Georgia s parents were concerned to hear that Georgia has been struggling with her schoolwork and has fallen significantly behind in some subjects. - On a positive note, her teacher is pleased to report that she is doing exceptionally well when participating in sports. - Georgia is often restless and finds it difficult to concentrate, even on things that she finds enjoyable; for example, it is unusual for her to be able to sit and watch a film through to its conclusion. Avery Hawes

12 There are three different medications Georgia could take for this type of ADHD. Methylphenidate (marketed as Concerta, Equasym or Medikinet), Atomoxetine, and Dexamfetamine. -How do they work? Methylphenidate and dexamfetamine are stimulants that affect the central nervous system (CNS). They are believed to work by altering brain chemistry, in particular the levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and noradrenaline (NCCMH 2009). Both these substances affect mood, movement and concentration. Atomoxetine is not a stimulant drug, but is thought to enhance levels of noradrenaline in the brain. Avery Hawes

13 Avery Hawes -David is a thirteen year old, eighth grade student who had reading and math skills one to two years below grade level. -His teachers described him as disruptive and oppositional in class and stated that he had difficulty paying attention during structured activities. -Even at home David was rebellious. His father had abandoned him virtually from birth. His mother, overwhelmed by the task of raising him and his two sisters without spousal help, relapsed into drug and alcohol abuse. -His mother s parents, sensing that she needed help with David, and having been advised of his problems at school, intervened.

14 Avery Hawes - What the pediatrician picked out for David was Ritalin. - Ritalin is a a Class II prescription drug classified as a stimulant much like speed that affects the central nervous system - It affects chemicals in the brain and nerves that contribute to hyperactivity and impulse control. - Ritalin has many side effects including chest pain, trouble breathing, feeling like you might pass out; hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that are not real), new behavior problems, aggression, hostility, paranoia;a seizure (convulsions).