Managing Information Systems Seventh Canadian Edition Laudon, Laudon and Brabston

Transcription

1 Managing Information Systems Seventh Canadian Edition Laudon, Laudon and Brabston CHAPTER 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology Copyright 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-1

2 Networking and Communications Trends Convergence: Telephone networks and computer networks converging into single digital network using Internet standards Broadband: More than 90% of Canadian Internet users have broadband access Broadband wireless: Voice, data communication are increasingly taking place over broadband wireless platforms Copyright 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-2

3 What is a Computer Network? Two or more connected computers Major components in simple network Client and server computers Network interfaces (NICs) Connection medium Network operating system Hubs, switches, routers Continued Copyright 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-3

4 What is a Computer Network? (cont.) Software-defined networking (SDN) Functions of switches and routers managed by central program Copyright 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-4

5 [INSERT FIGURE 7.1] Copyright 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-5

6 Networks in Large Companies Hundreds of local area networks (LANs) linked to firmwide corporate network Various powerful servers Web site Corporate intranet, extranet Backend systems Mobile wireless LANs (Wi-Fi networks) Videoconferencing system Telephone network Wireless cell phones Copyright 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-6

7 [INSERT FIGURE 7.2] Copyright 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-7

8 Corporate Network Infrastructure Hundreds of local area networks (LANs) linked to firmwide corporate network Various powerful servers Web site Corporate intranet, extranet Backend systems Mobile wireless LANs (Wi-Fi networks) Videoconferencing system Telephone network Wireless cell phones Copyright 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-8

9 Key Digital Network Technologies Client/server computing Distributed computing model Clients linked through network controlled by network server computer Server sets rules of communication for network and provides every client with an address so others can find it on the network Has largely replaced centralized mainframe computing The Internet: largest implementation of client/server computing Continued Copyright 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-9

10 Key Digital Network Technologies (cont.) Packet switching Method of slicing digital messages into parcels (packets), sending packets along different communication paths as they become available, and then reassembling packets at destination Packet switching more efficient use of network s communications capacity Continued Copyright 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-10

11 [INSERT FIGURE 7.3] Copyright 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-11

12 Key Digital Network Technologies (cont.) TCP/IP and connectivity Protocols: rules that govern transmission of information between two points Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Common worldwide standard that is basis for Internet Breaks up digital messages into packets, routes to proper addresses, reassembles into coherent messages TCP: transmission control protocol (establish connection) IP: internet protocol (handle delivery of packets) Copyright 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-12

13 Communications Networks Types of networks Local-area networks (LANs) Ethernet Client/server vs. peer-to-peer Wide-area networks (WANs) Metropolitan-area networks (MANs) Campus area networks (CANs) Copyright 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-13

14 [INSERT TABLE 7.1] Copyright 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-14

15 What is the Internet? World s most extensive network Internet service providers (ISPs) Provide connections Copyright 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-15

16 Internet Addressing and Architecture IP addresses The Domain name system (DNS) Copyright 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-16

17 The Future Internet Internet2 & Next-Generation Internet (NGI) consortia of agencies working to provide an new robust and high-bandwidth version of the Internet Copyright 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-17

18 [INSERT FIGURE 7.9] Copyright 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-18

19 Internet Services and Communications Tools Internet services Chatting and instant messaging Electronic discussion groups / newsgroups Voice over IP (VoIP) Telnet File Transfer Protocol (FTP) World Wide Web Copyright 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-19

20 The Global Internet Voice over IP (VoIP) Digital voice communication using IP, packet switching Virtual private network (VPN) Secure, encrypted, private network run over Internet Copyright 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-20

21 [INSERT FIGURE 7.10] Copyright 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-21

22 [INSERT FIGURE 7.11] Copyright 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-22

23 The Web Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Communications standard used for transferring Web pages Uniform resource locators (URLs) Addresses of Web pages Web servers Software for locating and managing Web pages Copyright 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-23

24 Search Engines Search engines Started as simpler programs using keyword indexes Google improved indexing and created page ranking system Mobile search: 20% of all searches in 2012 Search engine marketing Major source of Internet advertising revenue Search engine optimization (SEO) Adjusting Web site and traffic to improve rankings in search engine results Copyright 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-24

25 [INSERT FIGURE 7.13] Copyright 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-25

26 Search Engines Semantic search Anticipating what users are looking for rather than simply returning millions of links Intelligent agent shopping bots Use intelligent agent software for searching Internet for shopping information Copyright 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-26

27 The Wireless Revolution Wireless devices Cellular systems Cellular network and mobile wireless standards; web access Wireless Computer Networks and Internet Access Bluetooth (creates small personal area networks (PANs)) Wi-Fi and wireless Internet access (set of standards); communicate with wired LAN through access points Hotspots Benefits and concerns: makes Internet accessible, but may be susceptible to interference Copyright 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-27

28 [INSERT FIGURE 7.14] Copyright 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-28

29 [INSERT FIGURE 7.15] Copyright 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-29

30 RFID and Wireless Sensor Network Radio frequency identification (RFID) Use tiny tags with embedded microchips containing data about an item and location, and antenna Tags transmit radio signals over short distances to special RFID readers, which send data over network to computer for processing Active RFID: Tags have batteries, data can be rewritten, range is hundreds of feet, more expensive Passive RFID: Range is shorter, also smaller, less expensive, powered by radio frequency energy Copyright 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-30

31 Wireless Sensor Networks Networks of hundreds or thousands of interconnected wireless devices embedded into physical environment to provide measurements of many points over large spaces Used to monitor building security, detect hazardous substances in air, monitor environmental changes, traffic, or military activity Devices have built-in processing, storage, and radio frequency sensors and antennas Require low-power, long-lasting batteries and ability to endure in the field without maintenance Copyright 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-31

32 Managing Information Systems Seventh Canadian Edition Laudon, Laudon and Brabston CHAPTER 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology Copyright 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-32