Between voicing and aspiration
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1 Workshop Maps and Grammar September 2014
2 Introduction Dutch-German dialect continuum Voicing languages vs. aspiration languages Phonology meets phonetics Phonetically continuous, phonologically discrete
3 Phonetics vs. phonology Phonetics: physical properties of sounds Formant frequencies Pitch Phonology: system behind sounds Phonological features Phonological classes Fortis vs. lenis: /p, t, k/ vs. /b, d/
4 Voice Onset Time (VOT) Moment of voicing onset relative to moment of plosive release Negative VOT (prevoicing) Short lag VOT Long lag VOT Voicing languages: negative VOT vs. short lag VOT Aspiration languages: short lag VOT vs. long lag VOT For both systems: Lenis plosives: < b, d > (spelling) Fortis plosives: < p, t, k > (spelling)
5 Prevoicing
6 Voice Onset Time (VOT) Moment of voicing onset relative to moment of plosive release Negative VOT (prevoicing) Short lag VOT Long lag VOT Voicing languages: negative VOT vs. short lag VOT Aspiration languages: short lag VOT vs. long lag VOT For both systems: Lenis plosives: < b, d > (spelling) Fortis plosives: < p, t, k > (spelling)
7 Short-lag VOT
8 Voice Onset Time (VOT) Moment of voicing onset relative to moment of plosive release Negative VOT (prevoicing) Short lag VOT Long lag VOT Voicing languages: negative VOT vs. short lag VOT Aspiration languages: short lag VOT vs. long lag VOT For both systems: Lenis plosives: < b, d > (spelling) Fortis plosives: < p, t, k > (spelling)
9 Long-lag VOT
10 Laryngeal Realism Laryngeal Realism: phonological difference between voicing systems and aspiration systems Voicing systems: [voice] vs. [] Aspiration systems: [] vs. [spread glottis]
11 Hypotheses Phonology [voice] [spread glottis] [voice] [voice]/[spread glottis] [spread glottis] [voice] [ ] [spread glottis]
![[voice]/[spread glottis] [ ]](/docs-images/43/446079/images/page_11.jpg "[spread glottis]")
12 Hypotheses Phonetics Gradual increase fortis and lenis Gradual increase fortis Gradual increase lenis Abrupt change
13 Questions to be answered Phonetics determines phonological features Mismatch between phonology and phonetics Borrowing of phonological features Threshold VOT values for aspirated plosives
14 Dutch data Goeman-Taeldeman-van Reenen-Project (GTRP) database 600 locations in the Netherlands and Flanders Transcriptions and audio files available Relative frequency of aspiration in transcriptions
15 Initial /p/
16 Initial /t/
17 Initial /k/
18 Locations Frequent aspiration in northeastern part of the Netherlands Contact with German dialects Two west-east regions chosen: Groningen-Friesland (north) and Drenthe-Overijssel (south) Signs of both voicing and aspiration found
19 Regions
20 Measurements For each place: initial /p, t, k, b, d/ Stressed syllable No preceding vowel or nasal Identical items where possible Praat Filtering if necessary
21 Visualisation Gabmap Fortis: average VOT of /p, t, k/ Lenis: average VOT of /b, d/ Visualisation of north and south together: similar colours = similar values
22 Fortis
23 Lenis
24 Distance (VOT fortis - VOT lenis)
25 Analysis Standard tools offered by Gabmap do not seem relevant: Difference maps Multidimensional scaling Clustering Problem: designed for analysing multiple variables
26 Methods Gradual transition: no significant changes in VOT values between neighbouring places (fortis, lenis, distance) Differences in mean VOT values Differences in median VOT values
27 Future work More data (Dutch and German) Mapping of phonological data Comparison of phonological and phonetic data
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