Chapter 4. Health, Wellness, Illness, and Disability. PSW Program Focus. Caring for the Client. Caring for the client. Two major concepts:

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1 Chapter 4 Health, Wellness, Illness, and Disability PSW Program Focus Caring for the client For effective care, you must consider the whole person. Holism is a concept that considers the whole person. The whole person has physical, social, psychological, and spiritual parts. These parts are woven together and cannot be separated. Disability and illness affect the whole person. Slide 2 Caring for the Client Two major concepts: Client-centred care Wellness This gives us a model of caregiving. Slide 3 1

2 Foundations Each person has dignity and worth in their own right and should be treated with respect accordingly. Each person has a right to self-direction and self-determination. The ultimate goal of the caregiving team is to improve the quality of life. Slide 4 Dignity and Respect Follow these rules to address the person with dignity and respect. Call patients and residents by their titles. Do not call patients and residents by their first names, unless they ask you to. Do not call patients and residents by any other name, unless they ask you to. Do not call patients and residents Grandma, Papa, Sweetheart, Honey, or other names. Slide 5 Foundations Quality to mean as the client perceives it. Personal support workers work with vulnerable persons and support them in achieving optimal wellness. Slide 6 2

3 Basic Needs According to Abraham Maslow: Basic needs must be met for a person to survive and function. The needs are arranged in order of importance. Lower-level needs must be met before the higher-level needs. Slide 7 Wellness Achievement of the best health possible in all five dimensions. Physical, emotional, social, intellectual, and spiritual dimensions Slide 8 Dimensions of Wellness It is every person s responsibility to practice safe/healthy habits. Self-responsibility Nutritional awareness Physical fitness Stress management Environmental sensitivity Slide 9 3

4 Holistic Approach Caring for the mind, body, and soul Look at the whole person not just where the pain is Each part relates to and depends on the other Physical, social, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual parts Slide 10 World Health Organization Definition of Health Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. In recent years the definition also includes the ability to lead a socially and economically productive life. Slide 11 Think About This Statement Nursing trends change, but Holistic nursing care remains the same True or False? Slide 12 4

5 Dimensions of Health Physical health Emotional health Social health Spiritual health Intellectual health Slide 13 Dimensions of Health (Cont d) Physical health: Influenced by genetics and lifestyle Achieved when the body is strong, fit, and free of disease Slide 14 Dimensions of Health (Cont d) Emotional health When people feel good about themselves Have strong self-esteem, self-control, and selfawareness Accept help and give help to others Emotions will vary throughout one s life. Slide 15 5

6 Dimensions of Health (Cont d) Social health: Achieved through stable and satisfying relationships Approach others with respect, warmth, openness, and trust. Most people need and have a social support system. Support workers may be key members of the support system. Slide 16 Dimensions of Health (Cont d) Spiritual health May or may not involve participation in a formal religion, or even believing in a higher being Elements are compassion, honesty, humility, forgiveness, and charity. Support workers must respect their clients beliefs. Slide 17 Dimensions of Health (Cont d) Intellectual health: Involves keeping the mind active and creative throughout life Activities such as reading, doing crossword puzzles, doing crafts, gardening, and knitting all are examples of keeping the mind active. Slide 18 6

7 Wellness Achievement of the best health possible in all five dimensions. Physical, emotional, social, intellectual, and spiritual dimensions Slide 19 Dimensions of Wellness It is every person s responsibility to practice safe/healthy habits Self-responsibility Nutritional awareness Physical fitness Stress management Environmental sensitivity Slide 20 Culture and Religion Culture is made up of the characteristics of a group of people passed from one generation to the next. The person s culture influences: Health beliefs and practices Thinking and behaviour during illness and when in a hospital or long-term care centre Some cultures have beliefs about what causes and cures illness. Slide 21 7

8 Culture Culture can influence whether or not a person will seek out medical treatment, take prescription medication, take herbal supplements, or even accept care from someone who is not a family member. e.g., First Nations people Slide 22 Religion Religion relates to spiritual beliefs, needs, and practices. A person s religion influences health and illness practices. A person may not follow all beliefs and practices of his or her religion. Do not judge the person by your standards. The nursing process reflects the person s culture and religion. The care plan includes the person s cultural and religious practices. Slide 23 Determinants of Health Look at the bigger picture of where we live In Canada, the Lalonde Report (1974) first identified 12 key factors that determine health status. Income and social status Social support networks Education and literacy Employment and working conditions Social supports Slide 24 8

9 Determinants of Health (Cont d) Physical environments Personal health practices and coping skills Healthy child development Biology and genetic endowment Health services Gender Culture Slide 25 Secondary Prevention Strategies for secondary prevention are designed to intervene when risk factors or early indicators of health-related problems are present. Slide 26 Illness and Disability Distinction between illness and disability: Illness is the loss of physical or mental health. Disability is the loss of physical or mental function. Slide 27 9

10 Supporting Clients with Illness and Disability No two clients will experience illness and disability in the same way. Many factors affect the way clients experience illness and disability. Slide 28 Change and Loss Associated with Illness and Disability Change in routine Change in work life Change in family life Change in sexual function Loss of independence Loss of dignity Change in self-image Slide 29 Insight Into the Elderly Begins with your attitude towards illness and disability and your client s attitude towards their situation and towards you. IF YOU ARE GOING TO HELP ME Please be patient while I decide if I can trust you. Slide 30 10

11 If You Are Going to Help Me Let me tell my story the whole story in my own words. Please accept that whatever I have done, whatever I may do, is the best I have to offer and seemed right at the time. I am not just a person I am this unique and special person. Slide 31 If You Are Going to Help Me (Cont d) Don t judge me as right or wrong, bad or good. I am what I am, and that s all I ve got. Don t assume that your knowledge about me is more accurate than mine. You only know what I have told you that s only part of me. Slide 32 If You Are Going to Help Me (Cont d) Hear my feelings, not just my words accept all of them. Don t save me Help me help myself! Slide 33 11