Feasibility of Creating Gas Underground Storage in Frame Gas Development of The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. WO8-3_LOPEZ

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1 easibility of Creating Gas Underground torage in rame Gas Development of WO8-3_LOPEZ By: Yilsa Lilibeth López Pérez - Petróleos de Venezuela, A. Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, eptiembre easibility of Creating Gas Underground torage in rame Gas Development of IGRC WO8-3_LOPEZ ---- PETROLEO DE VENEZUELA,.A.

2 Content Objetive Geographical Location of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Antecedents of the project Expectations of the project Technical Premises Methodology orecast Volumes of Gas Needed for AG in Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Technical Criteria for the election Object Creation. Relative Location of AG in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Economic undamentals Evaluated Conclusions Recommendations easibility of Creating Gas Underground torage in rame Gas Development of IGRC WO8-3_LOPEZ ---- PETROLEO DE VENEZUELA,.A.

3 Objetive Give an overview of the only study of its kind undertaken by the Venezuelan state company Petróleos de Venezuela,.A. in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela on the feasibility of creating Underground torage of Gas as part of gas development the nation to long term. easibility of Creating Gas Underground torage in rame Gas Development of IGRC WO8-3_LOPEZ ---- PETROLEO DE VENEZUELA,.A.

4 Geographical Location Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela easibility of Creating Gas Underground torage in rame Gas Development of IGRC WO8-3_LOPEZ ---- PETROLEO DE VENEZUELA,.A.

5 Antecedents of the Projects Venezuela has large proven reserves of natural gas ranking as the country with the eighth largest proven reserves of natural gas and the first in Latin America. Proven gas reserves in Venezuela totaled 151 Billion Cubic eet of gas (PCBs) and have a volume of 40 billion possible reserves and resources base about 196 billion PCBs, for a total volume of 427 trillion cubic feet of gas. TECHNICAL UPPORT BY RUIAN COMPANY GAZPROM UNDER THE COOPERATION BETWEEN THE BOLIVARIANA REPUBLIC O VENEZUELA AND THE RUIAN EDERATION. Location of Major Gas Reserves in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. easibility of Creating Gas Underground torage in rame Gas Development of IGRC WO8-3_LOPEZ ---- PETROLEO DE VENEZUELA,.A.

6 Expectations of the Project As part of the study on the gas development of the nation was analyzed the technical feasibility of the creation of Underground torage of Gas ( AG ), on the basis of: Generate sustainable and harmonious gas development based on growth plans of the nation. Environmental conservation. To position Venezuela as a reliable and secure supplier nationally and internationally to long term. easibility of Creating Gas Underground torage in rame Gas Development of IGRC WO8-3_LOPEZ ---- PETROLEO DE VENEZUELA,.A.

7 Technical Premises Develop draft technical feasibility of creating AG in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela merited the analysis of the structure of gas consumption in Venezuela. To determine the required volume of gas reserves in the AG by variant P -50 Development of Gas Industry and justify the geographical location of the storages, for it was necessary to analyze: 1.- The spatial structure of the demand for gas according to the forecast schemes gas demand as the peak and moderate variant. 2.- Technical features, existing and planned transport of gas. 3.- To determine the volumes of gas reserves required by province in the country. easibility of Creating Gas Underground torage in rame Gas Development of IGRC WO8-3_LOPEZ ---- PETROLEO DE VENEZUELA,.A.

8 Methodology The tudy Merited to Analyze: The main sources of energy. Gas production in the country and comparing production rates of oil and gas. Use of the capacity of the Gas Transportation ystem of Venezuela. The gas market in Venezuela. The balance of production and distribution of gas. Prognostic schemes gas demand fluctuations and rates of consumption to long term according to variants and moderate peak. Justification to create active gas volume in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. To select the storage reservoir and perform the economic evaluation of the creation of AG in Venezuela easibility of Creating Gas Underground torage in rame Gas Development of IGRC WO8-3_LOPEZ ---- PETROLEO DE VENEZUELA,.A.

9 ENE EB MAR ABR MAYO JUN JUL AGO EP OCT NOV DIC ENE EB MAR ABR MAYO JUN JUL AGO EP OCT NOV DIC ENE EB MAR ABR MAYO JUN JUL AGO EP OCT NOV DIC ENE EB MAR ABR MAYO JUN JUL AGO EP OCT NOV DIC ENE EB MAR ABR MAYO JUN JUL AGO EP OCT NOV DIC ENE EB MAR ABR MAYO JUN JUL AGO EP OCT NOV DIC ENE EB MAR ABR MAYO JUN JUL AGO EP OCT NOV DIC ENE EB MAR ABR MAYO JUN JUL AGO EP OCT NOV DIC ENE EB MAR ABR MAYO JUN JUL AGO EP OCT NOV DIC ENE EB MAR ABR MAYO JUN JUL AGO EP OCT NOV DIC ENE EB MAR ABR MAYO JUN JUL AGO EP OCT NOV DIC ENE EB MAR ABR MAYO JUN JUL AGO EP OCT NOV DIC Producción real de crudo, MBD Producción real del gas, MMPCD Methodology DETAILED ANALYI INORMATION HITORICAL Definitions and causes of production irregularity gas in Venezuela by fields, regions, and at the country level Definitions and causes of Consumer irregularity gas in Venezuela by customers, regions and at the country level Irregularity of Use of capacity Gas Transportation ystem of Venezuela by fields, Companies, regions and at the country level MMPCD año 2005 año ,8% 11,3% ,6% 2,7% 25,0% 3,0% ,4% 6,2% ,8% 0,2% 1,5% 2,8% 0,3% 1,6% ,6% 45,3% 4,7% 45,1% Producción real del crudo Producción real del gas Necesidades del campo Mermas Necesidades del procesamiento Gas-Lift uministro en el TG Venteo Clientes locales Inyeccion LGN Necesidades del campo Mermas Necesidades del procesamiento Gas-Lift uministro en el TG Venteo Clientes locales Inyeccion LGN easibility of Creating Gas Underground torage in rame Gas Development of IGRC WO8-3_LOPEZ ---- PETROLEO DE VENEZUELA,.A.

10 Methodology A basis of retrospective analysis were analyzed the main causes of the irregularities in the Gas Industry in Venezuela. The balance of the gas rates in Venezuela are affected by two Independent Gas Transportation ystems (East and West). The parameters of irregular consumption of gas in Venezuela were analyzed separately for each region so: East, West, Central and Central- Western and country levels. Aspect Considered in the Analysis of the Balance of Gas and Gas Distribution in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Manufacture of gas; Own production needs; Gas losses: - Venting, - Reductions, - Injection. Local customers; Gas Lift; Gas processing; upply Gas ystem Transport and Distribution. easibility of Creating Gas Underground torage in rame Gas Development of IGRC WO8-3_LOPEZ ---- PETROLEO DE VENEZUELA,.A.

11 orecast Volumes of Gas Needed for AG in Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela orecast volumes of gas reserves needed for underground storage of gas in Venezuela until 2030 (МMMPC). Región de ubicación de AG de pico básic o de pico básic o de pico básic o de pico básic o Occidental 20,5 11,6 25,4 13,6 29,5 14,1 33,0 16,9 Central 22,0 15,7 32,3 22,0 32,4 22,1 32,5 22,2 Oriental 48,7 28,9 56,8 33,4 62,9 36,8 74,3 43,0 TOTAL: orecast necessary productivity of underground gas storage in Venezuela until Región de ubicación de AG de pico básic o de pico básic o de pico básic o de pico básic o Occidental Central Oriental TOTAL: easibility of Creating Gas Underground torage in rame Gas Development of IGRC WO8-3_LOPEZ ---- PETROLEO DE VENEZUELA,.A.

12 Technical Criteria for the election Object for the Creation Underground Gas torage (AG) in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Major geological criteria considered for selection of the reservoirs to be intended as AG is the impermeability of the object. eals fluid must guarantee insulation of the object in operation under conditions of increased interstitial pressure. The impermeability of the object must be studied to avoid unpleasant consequences during the gas injection and the possible migration of gas to underlying and overlying horizons. easibility of Creating Gas Underground torage in rame Gas Development of IGRC WO8-3_LOPEZ ---- PETROLEO DE VENEZUELA,.A.

13 Technical Criteria for the election Object for the Creation Underground Gas torage in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. W A-A E JM ' G ' G 3 65' 45' JM 197 JM ' -3016' JM 145 JM 48 JM ' 68' V JM ' JM 42 JM 225 G 89 JM 40 GUA 1B -2912' -2283' -2337' G 1 22' JM 0131 JM 196 JM ' G 17 JM ' JM ' ' -2205' 42' -2247' 33' G 12 12' JM ' -2828' 12' JM 27 16' ' JM 160 G 71 JM 106 7' JM 36 G ' 32' JM ' -2199' G 7 13' JM 53 32' JM ' JM ' G ' -2041' 13' -202 N R' 0+ 19' G-2148' G 81 JM ' 14' 19' -258 JM ' G 75 58' 58' -191 JM 191 G ' G 13 U P ' JM 52 JM ' JM 224 JM 29 66' JM ' G 96 66' -1802' JM 120 G 85 G ' G ' ' 16' ' 4 NR' ' ' 1 0+N R' G ' G 27 G ' JM 38 G 90 JM JM ' NR' JM 0104 JM ' -1765' G 87 43' ' -1916' JM ' JM 103 G ' -1765' G ' 43' JM 209 JM G ' 43' 34' JM ' JM 31 34' JM 0162 JM 201 JM JM ' -1878' 5 G ' -1981' -1809' 42' 62' -2769' JM ' ' 62' 1 67' JM ' 7 G ' 68' JM 30I JM ' JM JM ' JM ' -2225' 21 NR JM 32 8'+12' JM ' G 2 8' 12' -2041' G 40 JM 98 JM ' -2101' -2048' 46' G 16'+4 36' 46' JM ' 57' 55' 16' 4 JM 43 36' G ' 55' -2248' 57' -2283' G 0029 JM '+(8'+8') G ' 7 24' 8' 8' -2225' -2348' 4 JM 57 7 JM 56 16' -2851' -2532' 8 G 34 ANZO-467 G 47 MOIB JM52 UBICACION RELATIVA CGAO '(ET.) CGAO '(ET.) MOIB JM27 Probable (erie 100) -250 A-A easibility of Creating Gas Underground torage in rame Gas Development of IGRC WO8-3_LOPEZ ---- PETROLEO DE VENEZUELA,.A. MOI B

14 Technical Criteria for the election Object for the Creation Underground Gas torage (AG) in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. The second important technical and economic criteria in the feasibility study of creating AG is the depth of the geological object, which impacts on the following aspects: The less deep that the object the better the relationship between the working gas and the buffer gas. It will be easier to control the tightness of the object. Increased productivity of wells. Low cost drilling and well maintenance. easibility of Creating Gas Underground torage in rame Gas Development of IGRC WO8-3_LOPEZ ---- PETROLEO DE VENEZUELA,.A.

15 Technical Criteria for the election Object for the Creation Underground Gas torage (AG) in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. The advantages of creating AG based gas fields and condensate and gas are: -Well-study of the object. -Tightness proven geological object. -Infrastructure. - Ability to use old wells. Additional requirements in choosing objects based AG gas fields and condensate and gas: - Absence of aggressive components (СО2, Н2) in the gas. -Original booking (recovered) optimal gas in the reservoir. - Isolation reservoir of underlying and overlying layers and aquifers productive horizons. -Tightness of old wells (exploration, operation, injection, etc.) and the possibility to use them for the purposes of AG. easibility of Creating Gas Underground torage in rame Gas Development of IGRC WO8-3_LOPEZ ---- PETROLEO DE VENEZUELA,.A.

16 Relative Location of AG Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela AG comercial Región Occidental. AG Asociado al Petróleo Región Oriente AG Comercial Región Central. easibility of Creating Gas Underground torage in rame Gas Development of IGRC WO8-3_LOPEZ ---- PETROLEO DE VENEZUELA,.A.

17 Economic undamentals Evaluated tudy of technical and economic feasibility of the establishment of priority facilities AG The technological and geological properties of each object influence the basic original indices require separate storage and distribution costs, depending on: 1.- The creation of the active storage volume of gas. 2.- Injection necessary volume of gas-buffer. 3.- Number of operating wells and wells to be drilled. 4.- The amount of conditioning technological objects. easibility of Creating Gas Underground torage in rame Gas Development of IGRC WO8-3_LOPEZ ---- PETROLEO DE VENEZUELA,.A.

18 Economic undamentals Evaluated The structure of investment includes the following chapters: 1.-Gas-buffer; 2.-Drilling: Operating; Additional; Restoration of wells. 3.-acilities conditioning Gas: - Equipment installed in the mouths of gas wells; - Dehydration system, cleaning, gas measurement and ERP; - Compressor Plant; - Gas connection; - Additional facilities; - Lower pipeline; - Other. As a basic technological parameter for calculating capital investment was accepted active volume of gas in storage. Perforación de pozos 47,7% Gas-búfer 5% Acondicionamiento 47,3% Planta Compresora 12% istema de deshidratación, limpieza y medición de gas y ERP 12% Gasoductos de conexión 5,2% Instalaciones adicionales 3% gasoducto menor 9% Otros 6% Cabezal de los pozos gasíferos 0% easibility of Creating Gas Underground torage in rame Gas Development of IGRC WO8-3_LOPEZ ---- PETROLEO DE VENEZUELA,.A.

19 Economic undamentals Evaluated Operating expenses for extraction, storage and injection of gas in the UG Gastos operativos: 2,5% Amortización de los fondos principales 90,0% Gastos salariales 5,8% Aportes para reparación general 0,7% Otros gastos 0,9% Impuesto sobre elconsumo propio de gas 0,1% The structure of operating expenses include the following costs: material costs; salary costs; overhaul; other expenses; taxes; amortization of the principal funds. easibility of Creating Gas Underground torage in rame Gas Development of IGRC WO8-3_LOPEZ ---- PETROLEO DE VENEZUELA,.A.

20 Conclusions Once analyzed the gas demand forecast as the P-50 variant of the development of the Gas Industry in Venezuela and creating different scenarios of gas consumption: the peak; values based on fluctuations in gas consumption during the historical period, and moderate; determined by the average value of gas consumption per month during the historical time period considered for determining the necessary volumes of gas reserves because of its scope and objectives, and conclude the following: Venezuela is a big producer of hydrocarbons with excellent positioning worldwide. easibility of Creating Gas Underground torage in rame Gas Development of IGRC WO8-3_LOPEZ ---- PETROLEO DE VENEZUELA,.A.

21 Conclusions Predicted changes are currently facing with increased consumption of natural gas as fuel in various industrial processes aligned with the development and balance of resources. This condition requires performing projects in the medium and long term to ensure the supply of gas to customers in the domestic market of the country and to strengthen Venezuela's position in the global energy market. The feasibility of existence and availability of Underground Gas torage strengthen the supply of gas to customers in the domestic market of the country and secure gas exports abroad. easibility of Creating Gas Underground torage in rame Gas Development of IGRC WO8-3_LOPEZ ---- PETROLEO DE VENEZUELA,.A.

22 Conclusions The Underground Gas torage are the main and most effective technical means to ensure the supply of gas to customers. The required volume of gas reserves in Venezuela forms of commercial reserves, compensation for partial delivery of gas if stoppages and breakdowns and planned maintenance (unplanned), the country's strategic reserve and reserve securely export. Values of harvesting gas supply to the Customer fully insure the supply of gas in case of breakdowns, and gas supply due to market conditions. Existing Gas Transportation ystem, considering the future expansion and new projects are sufficient to supply gas to the AG while no limit to Customers located in different regions of the country and ensure the supply of gas AG Customers of the Central, East and West regions of the country in the event of unforeseen circumstances beyond its control. easibility of Creating Gas Underground torage in rame Gas Development of IGRC WO8-3_LOPEZ ---- PETROLEO DE VENEZUELA,.A.

23 Recommendations All countries should put their grain of sand in saving the planet and the human species on the planet, make efficient use of energy is the challenge we all have ahead. The gas is an energy source that should be used well sheltered and underground gas storage facilities are a safe haven option. All companies must conduct studies aligned commitment to minimize the impact to the environment that could be causing any of the activities developed. The planet needs all of us, do not disappoint!!!!!! easibility of Creating Gas Underground torage in rame Gas Development of IGRC WO8-3_LOPEZ ---- PETROLEO DE VENEZUELA,.A.

24 Thank you for your attention If you want more information about the specif topic of the project you can write to me by easibility of Creating Gas Underground torage in rame Gas Development of IGRC WO8-3_LOPEZ ---- PETROLEO DE VENEZUELA,.A.