Leaving school without qualifications and mental health problems to age 30

Transcription

1 Online Resource 1, Online Resource Table 1 and Table 2 Leaving school without qualifications and mental health problems to age 30 for Social Psychiatry and Social Epidemiology D M Fergusson, G F H McLeod, L J Horwood Online Resource 1 Online Resource 1. Table showing socio-demographic characteristics of the Christchurch Health and Development Study cohort at 30 years. Measures Age 30 (N=987) % (n) Male 48.4 (478) Ethnicity % (n) Māori 11.1 (108) % (n) Pacific 2.7 (26) % (n) New Zealand European/Other 86.2 (840) Educational attainment % (n) No formal qualifications 9.6 (97) % (n) Secondary (high school) qualifications 21.0 (212) % (n) Tertiary (college) qualifications 39.8 (402) % (n) Bachelor s degree or higher 29.6 (299) Mean (SD) Net weekly income a (545.0) % (n) Cohabiting with partner 66.0 (651) Mean (SD) Number of dependent children 0.64 () a Personal income from all sources in New Zealand Dollars (NZD) Online Resource 2 Online Resource 2 shows the associations between those who had left school with/without qualifications and rates (%) of mental health outcomes assessed at ages 18, 21, 25 and 30 years, and pooled over all assessments. The age specific associations have been tested for statistical significance using the chi-square test for independence. The p-values and s for the pooled associations were obtained from the 1

2 population averaged logistic regression models reported in the main body of the paper. The numbers in brackets represent the sample size for those who had left school with/without qualifications at each age. The table also shows the p-values from the tests of significance of: gender by left school with/without qualifications interactions, and age by left school with/without qualifications interactions. Online Resource 2. Table showing the associations between leaving school with/without qualifications and rates (%) of mental health outcomes for observations at ages 18, 21, 25 and 30 years, pooled over all observations. Left school with qualifications Outcomes No Yes Mental health (%) years 22.3 (197) 17.3 (828) years 22.1 (181) 17.3 (802) years 17.1 (181) 13.6 (795) years 17.0 (171) 12.4 (789) Pooled ( ) Gender x left school interaction Age x left school interaction 4 (%) years 27.4 (197) 14.6 (828) < years 16.6 (181) 11.6 (802) years 22.1 (181) 10.9 (795) < years 21.6 (171) 12.8 (789) Pooled ( ) Gender x left school interaction 6 Age x left school interaction

3 Left school with qualifications Outcomes No Yes Suicidal ideation/attempt (%) years 19.3 (197) 9.7 (828) < years 6.1 (181) 8.6 (802) years 6.6 (181) 5.0 (795) years 7.6 (171) 3.0 (789) Pooled ( ) Gender x left school interaction Age x left school interaction Substance dependence Alcohol (%) years 29.0 (197) 17.2 (828) < years 24.9 (181) 21.6 (802) years 18.8 (181) 12.2 (795) years 9.9 (171) 8.9 (789) Pooled ( ) <0.001 Gender x left school interaction Age x left school interaction

4 Left school with qualifications Outcomes No Yes Illicit substance (%) years 28.0 (197) 8.5 (828) < years 19.9 (181) 10.6 (802) < years 17.7 (181) 8.4 (795) < years 9.4 (171) 4.1 (789) Pooled ( ) <0.001 Gender x left school interaction Age x left school interaction Any mental health or substance problem (%) years 59.9 (197) 39.9 (828) < years 51.4 (181) 42.1 (802) years 49.2 (181) 33.7 (795) < years 38.6 (171) 29.4 (789) Pooled ( ) <0.001 Gender x left school interaction Age x left school interaction Online Resource 3 Online Resource 3 shows the fitted regression models that are summarized in Table 3 of the manuscript. 4

5 Online Resource 3. Fitted regression models showing associations between leaving school without qualifications and mental health outcomes adjusted for covariate factors of: child and family background; family violence and child abuse; and adolescent mental health problems. Outcomes Suicidal ideation/ attempt Alcohol Illicit substance Any mental health outcome Covariate factors Leaving school without qualifications 0.80 ( ) ) ( ( ) ) ( Child and family background Gender (female) 1.64 ( ) 1.96 ( ) 0.85 ( ) ( ) 0.27 ( ) 0.79 ( ) Maternal age (years) ( ) ) ) ) ( ) ) Maternal education 1.03 ( ) ( (- 1.57) ( ) ( (- 1.29) Family type (single parent/two parent) 1.21 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Family socioeconomic status at birth ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (0.87- )

6 Outcomes Suicidal ideation/ attempt Alcohol Illicit substance Any mental health outcome Covariate factors Averaged family living standards (0-10 years) 0.96 ( ( ) ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Parental history of illicit drug use (11 years) 1.64 ( ) ( ) ( ) ) ( ) ( Parental history of criminality (15 years) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) % Parental history of alcohol problem (15 years) 0.67 (0.44- ) ( ) ( ) ( ( ) ( ) Parental attachment score (15 years) ) ( Number of parental changes (< 16 years) ) ( ) ( ) ) ( ) ) Level of parental educational expectations for child (16 years) 1.13) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

7 Outcomes Suicidal ideation/ attempt Alcohol Illicit substance Any mental health outcome Covariate factors Family Violence and Child abuse Interparental violence ( ) ) ) (- 1.10) (- 1.16) (- 1.12) Childhood physical punishment (<16 years) ) ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( Childhood sexual abuse (<16 years) 1.35 ( ) 1.23 ( ) ( ) ) (- 1.55) ( ) Prior adolescent mental health problems (14-16 years) ) (- 2.10) ( ) ( ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1.69 ( ) ( ) ( ) Suicidal ideation/attempt 1.98 ( ) ( ) 1.68 ( ) ( ) ( ) 7

8 Outcomes Suicidal ideation/ attempt Alcohol Illicit substance Any mental health outcome Covariate factors Alcohol abuse ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (- 2.00) Illicit substance abuse ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1.15 ( ) Conduct/oppositional defiant disorder 0.70 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1.47 ( ) (- 2.00) ADHD 1.81 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )