For Preview Only. Reproduction LESSON B-4. Preparation. Student Learning Objectives. Teaching Materials. Lesson Synopsis.

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1 LESSON B-4 Student Learning Objectives Students will: Review the structures and functions of the male and female reproductive systems. Describe the changes that indicate an individual is physically capable of reproduction. Lesson Synopsis Students questions about the male and female reproductive systems are answered. The students assess how much they have learned by completing an activity sheet that summarizes the anatomy and function of the reproductive system. Students learn about ovulation, menstruation, and nocturnal emissions and identify menstruation and nocturnal emissions as signs that the body is capable of reproduction. Reproduction Preparation 50 minutes Prepare Prepare answers to the students questions from the previous lesson. Prepare PowerPoint slides from the CD or transparencies of each Slide Master and the Student Activity Sheets, Male Reproductive System Review and Female Reproductive System Review. Duplicate Student Activity Sheets, one per student of each Teaching Materials Provided Family Activity Sheet: Let s Talk: I Wonder How You Learned About Puberty (from Lesson B-3) Student Activity Sheet: Male Reproductive System Review Answer Key: Male Reproductive System Review Student Activity Sheet: Female Reproductive System Review Answer Key: Female Reproductive System Slide Master: Ovulation and Fertilization Student Activity Sheet: Ovulation and Menstruation Answer Key: Ovulation and Menstruation Slide Master: Male Reproductive System (from Lesson B-2) To Be Gathered Torso, with interchangeable male and female reproductive organs Projector and screen PowerPoint slides or transparencies Question box Slips of paper, one per student Pencils Water-based markers, red, pink, blue Crayons or markers, red, pink, blue One-cup clear measuring cup, with 3/4 cup of water in it Red food coloring One teaspoon of water

2 Puberty: The Wonder Years 54 Introduction: 10 minutes Activity 1: 15 minutes Lesson Plan Answer questions about the reproductive system and introduce this lesson on the reproductive system of the other sex. 1. State: During our last puberty lesson, we learned about the (male or female) reproductive system. Several of the questions in the question box had to do with that topic, so let s answer those questions as a review. 2. Read and answer those questions from the previous lesson that directly pertain to the reproductive system. 3. Introduce today s lesson: Today, we will assess how much you have learned about the reproductive system. Then we will talk about reproduction. Assess knowledge of the male and female reproductive systems. 1. Distribute one of each of the Student Activity Sheets, Male Reproductive System Review and Female Reproductive System Review, to each student. 2. Explain the task: We have been learning about puberty and how the reproductive system works. Let s see how much you remember. Complete the activity sheets by matching each term with its definition and by labeling the diagrams with the correct names. 3. Allow the students a few minutes to complete the activity sheets. 4. Display the slide of the Student Activity Sheet, Male Reproductive System Review. Read each item on the activity sheet and call on the students to share their answers. Have the students correct their own worksheets. Clarify the information as needed. 5. Display the slide of the Student Activity Sheet, Female Reproductive System Review. Again, read each item on the activity sheet and call on the students to share their answers. Have the students correct their own worksheets. Clarify the information as needed. 2010

3 Puberty: The Wonder Years Answer Key (Student Activity Sheet, page 63) Part I MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM REVIEW Male Body Terms 1. Penis (line to G) 2. Urethra (line to B) 3. Scrotum (line to H) Directions: Match the word in the left column with its correct definition in the right column by connecting them with a line. Definitions A. Either of two glands that produce sperm and testosterone B. Tube through which urine or semen exits the body from the penis C. Either of two tubes that 4. Testicle (testis) (line to A) allow sperm to pass from the testicles (testes) 5. Vas deferens (line to C) 6. Bladder* (line to D) 7. Foreskin (line to E) 8. Anus* (line to F) *these are not part of the reprodcutive system. D. Organ that holds urine E. Fold of skin over the head of the penis F. Opening from which feces leaves the body G. Organ used when urinating or for reproduction H. External pouch that contains the testicles Activity 2: 15 minutes Part II Name Directions: Look at the diagram below and label the male body parts by writing the number of the correct term in the circle. ANATOMY LESSON B-4: Reproduction Answer Key Explain ovulation, menstruation, and fertilization. 1. Ask: What is the change in puberty that indicates a girl is physically able to get pregnant? Call on students to guess until menstruation is named. 2. Explain menstruation: Answer Key (Student Activity Sheet, page 65) Part I FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM REVIEW Female Body Terms Directions: Match the word in the left column with its correct definition in the right column by connecting them with a line. Definitions 1. Cervix (line to C) A. Pear-shaped reproductive organ in which the baby grows and develops until birth 2. Vagina (line to E) B. Either of two glands where egg cells and female sex hormones are produced 3. Vulva (line to J) C. Narrow end of the uterus that opens into the vagina 4. Fallopian tube (line to D) D. Either of two tubes through which an egg cell travels from an ovary to the uterus 5. Ovary (line to B) E. Passage that leads from uterus to the outside of the body 6. Labia (line to I) F. Organ that holds urine 7. Clitoris (line to G) G. Sensitive erectile organ at the top of the vulva 8. Uterus (line to A) H. Tube through which urine leaves the body 9. Anus* (line to K) I. Folds of skin on either side of the vagina 10. Urethra* (line to H) J. External genital area between a female s legs 11. Bladder* (line to F) K. Opening from which feces leaves the body *These are not part of the reproductive system. Part II Name Directions: Look at the diagram below and label the female body parts by writing the number of the correct term in the circle. ANATOMY Menstruation is one of the normal changes that takes place in girls as they go through puberty. It is a very clear sign that a girl is growing into a woman. Once a girl begins menstruating, she knows that her body is prepared to have a baby at some time in the future if she decides to have children. Her body is capable of becoming pregnant. Of course, it is very important that she waits until she is an adult, has accomplished her goals for her education, and is ready to accept the life-long responsibility for raising a child. For most people in our society, this is within marriage Answer Key LESSON B-4: Reproduction Of course, it is important for boys to wait to be a parent for the same reasons

4 Puberty: The Wonder Years Answer Key (Student Activity Sheet, page 67) OVULATION AND MENSTRUATION Name The menstrual flow occurs. The lining of the uterus begins to get thicker. An ovum (human egg cell) is released from one of the ovaries. The ovum travels down the Fallopian tube to the uterus. If it is not fertilized, it dies and passes out of the body. The lining of the uterus continues to thicken. The menstrual flow begins again, the lining of the uterus thins, and the whole cycle repeats Directions: Color each diagram to show each event. Draw arrows to show the days each event occurs. For the menstrual flow,use red. For the lining of the uterus, use pink. For the ovum (human egg cell), use blue. LESSON B-4: Reproduction Let s learn more about what happens inside a girl s or woman s body during her menstrual cycle. 3. Distribute the Student Activity Sheet, Ovulation and Menstruation, to each student. Have them get out red, pink, and blue crayons or markers to draw the stages of the menstrual cycle. 4. Display the slide of the activity sheet, Ovulation and Menstruation. Use red, pink, and blue water-based markers to illustrate the process. Instruct the students to complete their worksheets to match the transparency. Days 1 to 7 The menstrual flow, also called menses or a period, begins and usually lasts from three to seven days. The lining of the uterus thins. Color a red flow exiting the vagina. Days 7 to 14 The lining of the uterus begins to get thicker. Color a pink thin lining in the uterus. Day 14 An ovum (human egg cell) is released from one of the ovaries. Make a blue dot in one of the ovaries, then one just inside the Fallopian tube. Days 14 to 17 The ovum travels down the Fallopian tube to the uterus. If it is not fertilized, it dies and passes out of the body. Make a series of blue dots traveling down the Fallopian tube, through the uterus, and out the vagina. Days 14 to 28 The lining of the uterus continues to thicken. Color the pink lining in the uterus to make it thicker. Day 1 The menstrual flow begins again, the lining of the uterus thins, and the whole cycle repeats. Color a red flow exiting the vagina. Answer Key

5 Puberty: The Wonder Years 5. Use the slide, Ovulation and Fertilization, to explain: The lining of the uterus gets thick in case the egg is fertilized. If sperm cells meet the egg as it travels down the Fallopian tube, the sperm can fertilize the egg cell, and a new life will begin. This is called conception. The fertilized egg will attach itself to the thickened lining of the uterus and start to grow into a baby. Because the lining is needed for the growing baby, the lining does not flow out of the body; therefore, there is no period. Pregnancy only happens if a girl or woman has sexual intercourse. If the egg has not been fertilized by sperm, conception has not taken place. In other words, a baby will not begin growing. Then, the lining of the uterus is not needed for the egg to grow in, so the lining sloughs off and leaves the body through the vagina. This is called menstrual flow or menses or a period. Teacher Tip: Your students may ask how the sperm gets into the woman s body. This may or may not have been discussed, depending on which video your district has chosen and whether the students have had sex education prior to these lessons. Many questions related to pregnancy, fertility, and contraception might arise. It is important for you to know and follow your district s guidelines for answering questions. See Appendix K for additional information about answering student questions and sample questions and responses. 6. Discuss the following information with both boys and girls: Show the students six ounces of red-colored water. The amount of blood lost during each period is only two to six ounces. The rest of the menstrual flow is watery body fluid. It looks like there is more blood lost during menstruation than there really is. Menstruation does not hurt, unlike other events that result in bleeding. However, some girls and women have cramps or other premenstrual symptoms. Each individual is different. Expect an uneventful period, not problems. During menstruation, a girl can do any activities she normally does. When discussing menstruation, girls and boys should display maturity and sensitivity. After all, most girls and women have a period once a month from the time of puberty until around age 50 (except during pregnancy). After that, eggs are no longer released, and a woman cannot have babies anymore

6 Puberty: The Wonder Years Activity 3: 5 minutes 7. Discuss more detailed information with the girls during a separate class, if possible: Exercising or swimming during menstruation is fine. However, until a girl is able to use a tampon, she will not want to swim during the days she has heavier flow. The decision about whether to use sanitary napkins or tampons or both is up to each individual and her family and cultural norms. It might be easier to start with napkins and try tampons later, once a girl is comfortable with her menstrual cycle and her body. To learn how to insert tampons, read the directions inside the package and practice putting one in between periods. It may be helpful to stand over a mirror to locate the vaginal opening. If tampons are used, they should be changed at least every four hours. A girl will need to wash her vulva and change sanitary pads frequently during menstruation in order to stay clean and avoid a noticeable menstrual odor. Remind the students that teachers, parents, and other adults are ready to help with questions and problems. Typically, young girls are very anxious about the possibility of menstruation beginning unexpectedly while at school. If possible, show them where an extra supply of sanitary pads will be kept for their emergency use. Provide each girl with a sanitary products starter kit if they have been approved. Teacher Tip: If possible, have a short session with girls and boys separated. This gives the girls an opportunity to handle and compare a variety of sanitary products. They are more likely to feel free to ask specific questions about menstruation at this time. Explain nocturnal emissions. 1. Ask: What is the change in puberty that indicates a boy s body will soon be able to cause a pregnancy? Call on students to guess until nocturnal emissions or wet dreams are named

7 Puberty: The Wonder Years 2. Explain nocturnal emissions: Nocturnal emissions are one of the normal changes that takes place in boys as they go through puberty. It is a very clear sign that a boy is growing into a man. Once a boy begins having nocturnal emissions, he knows that his body is preparing to help make a baby at some time in the future if he decides to have children. His body will soon be capable of causing a pregnancy. Of course, it is very important that he waits until he is an adult, has accomplished his goals for his education, and is ready to accept the life-long responsibility for raising a child. For most people in our society, this is within marriage. Of course, it is important for girls to wait to be a parent for the same reasons. Let s review what happens inside a boy s or man s body during nocturnal emissions. 3. Display the slide, Male Reproductive System. Explain: Sometime during puberty, the testicles, also called testes, begin to produce sperm and testosterone. Sperm are produced constantly, so they build up inside. Every couple weeks or so, a boy might release semen during his sleep. This is called a nocturnal emission, which means nighttime coming out. It is also called a wet dream, because it causes a wet spot on the sheets and sleeping clothes, and it sometimes occurs while dreaming. Nocturnal emissions are a normal part of growing up, just like the menstrual cycle in girls. They are a sign that semen is being produced and will continue to be produced until the person dies. Sperm are the cells that can fertilize the egg cell from a woman s body. That only happens if a man has sexual intercourse with a woman. It is important to wait until adulthood before having sexual intercourse because a pregnancy can result. Teacher Tip: The previous explanation assumes the term sexual intercourse has been defined in the previous discussions that have taken place. If sexual intercourse has not been defined, you will need to modify this script to define or omit the term

8 Puberty: The Wonder Years Activity 4: 3 minutes 4. Discuss the following information with both boys and girls: Show the students one teaspoon of water. That is the amount of fluid that comes out during a nocturnal emission. It looks like more when it is poured on a piece of cloth, such as a sheet. Nocturnal emissions don t hurt. In fact, a boy may not even know he has had one until he wakes up and notices his sheets and clothes are damp. Nocturnal emissions occur at varying intervals, not on a regular cycle like menstruation in females. When discussing nocturnal emissions, girls and boys should display maturity and sensitivity. After all, most boys and men have experienced them. 5. Discuss more detailed information with the boys during a separate class, if possible: After a nocturnal emission, a boy can wash the sticky semen off himself and change his sheets and clothes. Sometimes a boy might remember dreaming about a sexual situation, but this doesn t always happen. Nocturnal emissions are often more frequent during puberty because of the increase in the male hormone, testosterone. As the body gets accustomed to it, nocturnal emissions may decrease. Remind the students that teachers, parents, and other adults are ready to help with questions and problems. Teacher Tip: If possible, have a short session with boys and girls separated. The boys are more likely to feel free to ask specific questions about nocturnal emissions and erections at this time. Answer student questions. 1. Read each question from the previous day s question box and give a brief answer. If you run out of time, postpone answering the questions that will be addressed in the upcoming lessons. See Appendix K for additional information on answering student questions

9 Puberty: The Wonder Years Closure: 2 minutes Developmental Assets Promoted Summarize this lesson and transition to the next puberty lesson. 1. Summarize: We have certainly learned a lot about our bodies! Puberty is the stage in life when each person moves from childhood toward adulthood. A big part of these changes is the maturation of the reproductive system. However, just because a person s body is capable of releasing eggs or producing sperm does not mean he or she is ready to be a parent. You have a lot of growing and learning to do before you will be ready to be responsible for a tiny, new life. That is why it is so important to wait to have sexual intercourse until you are an adult and able to handle the life-long responsibility that comes with a baby. For most people in our society, this means waiting until you are married. 2. Remind the students to discuss their homework with a parent or other trusted adult if they haven t already. The next lesson will build on that discussion. 3. Tell the students that the next puberty lesson will be about ways to take care of their changing bodies. 4. Ask students to submit their questions or comments as they leave. Collect the question slips from the question box to be answered during the next lesson. #16. High expectations #30. Responsibility #31. Restraint #37. Personal power #38. Self-esteem

10 Puberty: The Wonder Years Extension Ideas English Language Arts Research the origins of the terms used for reproductive functions. Social Studies Research historical beliefs about menstruation and nocturnal emissions. Science Compare and contrast the male and female reproductive systems. Investigate reproduction in other living organisms

11 LESSON B-4: Reproduction Student Activity Sheet Name MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM REVIEW Part II Directions: Match the word in the left column with its correct definition in the right column by connecting them with a line. Part I Directions: Look at the diagram below and label the male body parts by writing the number of the correct term in the circle. Definitions Male Body Terms ANATOMY A. Either of two glands that produce sperm and testosterone 1. Penis B. Tube through which urine or semen exits the body from the penis 2. Urethra 3. Scrotum C. Either of two tubes that allow sperm to pass from the testicles (testes) 4. Testicle (testis) D. Organ that holds urine 5. Vas deferens E. Fold of skin over the head of the penis 6. Bladder* F. Opening from which feces leaves the body 7. Foreskin G. Organ used when urinating or for reproduction 8. Anus* H. External pouch that contains the testicles *These are not part of the reproductive system Puberty: The Wonder Years

12 LESSON B-4: Reproduction Answer Key MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM REVIEW Name Directions: Match the word in the left column with its correct definition in the right column by connecting them with a line. Part I Part II Male Body Terms 1. Penis (line to G) 2. Urethra (line to B) 3. Scrotum (line to H) 4. Testicle (testis) (line to A) 5. Vas deferens (line to C) 6. Bladder* (line to D) 7. Foreskin (line to E) 8. Anus* (line to F) Definitions A. Either of two glands that produce sperm and testosterone B. Tube through which urine or semen exits the body from the penis C. Either of two tubes that allow sperm to pass from the testicles (testes) D. Organ that holds urine E. Fold of skin over the head of the penis F. Opening from which feces leaves the body G. Organ used when urinating or for reproduction Directions: Look at the diagram below and label the male body parts by writing the number of the correct term in the circle. ANATOMY H. External pouch that contains the testicles 8 3 *These are not part of the reproductive system

13 LESSON B-4: Reproduction Student Activity Sheet FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM REVIEW Name Directions: Match the word in the left column with its correct definition in the right column by connecting them with a line. Part I Part II Female Body Terms 1. Cervix 2. Vagina 3. Vulva 4. Fallopian tube 5. Ovary 6. Labia 7. Clitoris 8. Uterus 9. Anus* Definitions A. Pear-shaped reproductive organ in which the baby grows and develops until birth B. Either of two glands where egg cells and female sex hormones are produced C. Narrow end of the uterus that opens into the vagina D. Either of two tubes through which an egg cell travels from an ovary to the uterus E. Passage that leads from uterus to the outside of the body F. Organ that holds urine G. Sensitive erectile organ at the top of the vulva H. Tube through which urine leaves the body I. Folds of skin on either side of the vagina Directions: Look at the diagram below and label the female body parts by writing the number of the correct term in the circle. ANATOMY 10. Urethra* J. External genital area between a female s legs 11. Bladder* K. Opening from which feces leaves the body *These are not part of the reproductive system Puberty: The Wonder Years

14 LESSON B-4: Reproduction Answer Key Name FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM REVIEW 66 4 Part II Directions: Match the word in the left column with its correct definition in the right column by connecting them with a line. Part I Directions: Look at the diagram below and label the female body parts by writing the number of the correct term in the circle. Definitions Female Body Terms ANATOMY A. Pear-shaped reproductive organ in which the baby grows and develops until birth 1. Cervix (line to C) B. Either of two glands where egg cells and female sex hormones are produced 2. Vagina (line to E) 4 5 C. Narrow end of the uterus that opens into the vagina 3. Vulva (line to J) 8 D. Either of two tubes through which an egg cell travels from an ovary to the uterus 4. Fallopian tube (line to D) Ovary (line to B) 7 3 E. Passage that leads from uterus to the outside of the body 6. Labia (line to I) F. Organ that holds urine G. Sensitive erectile organ at the top of the vulva 7. Clitoris (line to G) H. Tube through which urine leaves the body 8. Uterus (line to A) 10 2 I. Folds of skin on either side of the vagina 9. Anus* (line to K) 6 9 J. External genital area between a female s legs 10. Urethra* (line to H) 11. Bladder* (line to F) K. Opening from which feces leaves the body *These are not part of the reproductive system

15 LESSON B-4: Reproduction Student Activity Sheet OVULATION AND MENSTRUATION Name The menstrual flow occurs. The lining of the uterus begins to get thicker. An ovum (human egg cell) is released from one of the ovaries. Directions: Color each diagram to show each event. Draw arrows to show the days each event occurs. The ovum travels down the Fallopian tube to the uterus. If it is not fertilized, it dies and passes out of the body. The lining of the uterus continues to thicken. The menstrual flow begins again, the lining of the uterus thins, and the whole cycle repeats For the menstrual flow, use red. For the lining of the uterus, use pink. For the ovum (human egg cell), use blue / Puberty: The Wonder Years

16 LESSON B-4: Reproduction Answer Key OVULATION AND MENSTRUATION Name The menstrual flow occurs. The lining of the uterus begins to get thicker. An ovum (human egg cell) is released from one of the ovaries. Directions: Color each diagram to show each event. Draw arrows to show the days each event occurs. The ovum travels down the Fallopian tube to the uterus. If it is not fertilized, it dies and passes out of the body. The lining of the uterus continues to thicken. The menstrual flow begins again, the lining of the uterus thins, and the whole cycle repeats For the menstrual flow,use red. For the lining of the uterus, use pink. For the ovum (human egg cell), use blue

17 LESSON B-4: Reproduction Slide Master OVULATION AND FERTILIZATION The menstrual flow does not appear; embryo continues to develop. The lining of the uterus continues to thicken. The fertilized egg implants in the wall of the uterus and begins to develop. The ovum travels down the Fallopian tube to the uterus. It is fertilized by a sperm cell in the Fallopian tube. An ovum (human egg cell) is released from one of the ovaries. The lining of the uterus begins to get thicker. The menstrual flow begins. The uterine lining thins / Puberty: The Wonder Years

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