Amorette Getty, PhD Institute for Energy Efficiency, UC Santa Barbara UCSB LabRATS Staff Adviser

Transcription

1 Amorette Getty, PhD Institute for Energy Efficiency, UC Santa Barbara UCSB LabRATS Staff Adviser

2 Presentation Overview Outline of Water Usage in Campus Laboratories Types of water: Potable, Industrial, Reclaimed, Purified, RO, DI Water-using Equipment: Aspirators, Autoclaves, Purified Faucets, Process Cooling. UCSB s Engineering Science Building RO Wastewater Recycling Project Projected to save up to 50,000 gallons per month

3 Laboratory versus Office Water

4 Laboratory versus Office Water

5 Building Water Potable Water Industrial Water Reclaimed Water Reverse Osmosis Pipes are sanitized after installation in the building. Serves drinking fountains, kitchen and bathroom faucets, and toilets. Distilled Water Deionized Water

6 Building Water Potable Water Industrial Water Reclaimed Water Reverse Osmosis Distilled Water Deionized Water Piped to building as potable, split to separate piping system when it enters the building. Not sanitized, ok to wash hands. Used for all general processes in labs and building systems, as well as lab faucets. Source water for RO, Distilled, DI

7 Building Water Potable Water Industrial Water Reclaimed Water Reverse Osmosis Used for most UCSB campus irrigation Purple piping ~99.3% as clean as potable Distilled Water Deionized Water

8 Building Water Potable Water Industrial Water Reclaimed Water Reverse Osmosis Distilled Water Deionized Water Purified Water Concerned with removing: Particles Total Organic Content Ions Bacteria

9 Building Water Potable Water Industrial Water Reclaimed Water Reverse Osmosis Distilled Water Deionized Water Softened Water Removes or neutralizes hard mineral content in potable/industrial water (Mg, Ca, etc.) Hard minerals lead to limescale and galvanic corrosion, and decrease the effectiveness of soaps. Ion Exchange Softening changes 2 Na+ ions for every Ca+ or Mg+

10 Building Water Potable Water Industrial Water Reclaimed Water Reverse Osmosis Distilled Water Passes water along a pipe lined in membrane which osmoses water through it, leaving impurities on the inside of the pipe. Systems vary in efficiency from 14-50% Deionized Water Image courtesy of:

11 Building Water Potable Water Industrial Water Reclaimed Water Reverse Osmosis Distilled Water Deionized Water Uses evaporation to remove impurities from water. Process is both energy and waterintense. Left image courtesy of:

12 Deionized Water (DI) Pre-treatment Carbon filters Softeners Chemical pre-treatment Reverse Osmosis Polishing (Deionization) Resin bead exchange hydrogen for cations, and hydroxyl for anions UV Sterilizer, Final Filtration 1,200 gallon storage tank Recirculation Loop Through polishing tanks 30 gallons per minute Specs for UCSB Cleanroom DI Residue, ppb <10 Particulates < and <0.30 micron size) Particulates Bacteria Resistivity TOC SiO2 Cations Anions microns) 0 statistical counts per Liter 18.3 meg-ohm (Beckman Instruments Standard) at plant discharge <8ppb <8ppb <15 ppb <15ppb

13 Millipore (and related )Systems Multiple purification levels: Type 1 (ultrapure) Type 2 (pure) Type 3 (RO) DI from Elix electrodialysis and ion exchange system No chemically recharged resins, or chemical/resin disposal 36-50% Reject Water Larger systems more efficient Must right-size for water quality.

14 Purified Water Faucets It comes out of a tap, so it must be cheap! Poor sample-rinsing practices can lead to significant water waste, as well as dirty samples. Rinse Water Resistivity after 10 min H 2 SO 4 /H 2 O 2 Piranha etch Clean DI Water M cm 10 minutes of continuously overflowing beaker M cm 3 30-second Rinse/Dump Cycles 1.95 M cm Courtesy of Ning Cao, UCSB NAnofab, April 2009

15 Aspirators: Low-Hanging Fruit Produces vacuum from flowing water via the Venturi effect Easily attached to lab faucets Consume ~15 liters per minute Solutions: Vacuum pumps are commonly available and can be used instead. For labs with house compressed air, vacuum systems using this are available.

16 Single-Pass Process Cooling Single-pass water used to cool equipment: Solvent Distillations Ice-maker Condensers At 0.2 lpm constant flow 1 lab can consume 50,000 liters per year Solutions: Install timers or good habits to turn off cooling water. Divert cooling water to irrigation or other applications. Use recirculated cooling water systems where possible.

17 Autoclaves & Sterilizers Require high pressure saturated steam < 121 C Often use add l water to cool effluent. For Existing Setups: Always try to make a full load! Turn off at night and when not in use. (Timers!) New Setups: Models include WaterEco Options, Water-Saver Modes Right-size for type of usage Waste bag sterilization: 24 2 x 3 depth Install varying sizes Getinge Cage Washer: 90 gal hot water per cycle 22 gal cold water for effluent cooling

18 ESB s DI Water System ~50,000 gallons of use per month ~50,000 gallons of reject water RO concentrate plus softener system recharge water 50% efficiency Laboratory demand: Primarily in faucets for manual sample rinsing Some automated part-washing systems Cleanroom air handler scrubbers piped with DI

19 Deionized Water (DI) Pre-treatment Carbon filters Softeners Chemical pre-treatment Reverse Osmosis Polishing (Deionization) Resin bead exchange hydrogen for cations, and hydroxyl for anions UV Sterilizer, Final Filtration 1,200 gallon storage tank Recirculation Loop Through polishing tanks 30 gallons per minute Specs for UCSB Cleanroom DI Residue, ppb <10 Particulates < and <0.30 micron size) Particulates Bacteria Resistivity TOC SiO2 Cations Anions microns) 0 statistical counts per Liter 18.3 meg-ohm (Beckman Instruments Standard) at plant discharge <8ppb <8ppb <15 ppb <15ppb

20 UCSB s Engineering Science Building ESB, for example 5.7 Million Gallons of Potable Water in 2008 ~400,000 Gallons for toilets and sinks Remainder: Process Water Lab Faucets Process Chilled Water refill DI and DI/RO-waste water (~50,000gal/mo) Boiler and Building Chilled Water

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22 Project Budget Projected ROI: 4 years or less, due to heavy subsidization of water costs.

23 Additional Possibilities ESB system using DI in air handler scrubbers Could use RO instead less polishing and recirculating Other potential uses for RO reject in other buildings: Irrigation Cooling tower make-up EPA s NVFEL site pursuing this as of FY Boiler condensate system feed water EPA s ESC site has done this since 2008

24 Thank You for your Attention! Amorette Getty, PhD UCSB LabRATS Staff Adviser Postdoctoral Fellow, IEE Materials Research Facilities Network Coordinator, MRL This work supported by: