Applying Sustainable Design Principles to New Healthcare Facilities

Transcription

1 Applying Sustainable Design Principles to New Healthcare Facilities

2 Why Go Green? Where to Start? Sustainable Strategies for Healthcare How Much Does it Cost? Future Outlook

3 Why Go Green? The Impact of Buildings Buildings account for 65.2% of total US electricity consumption 30% of total US greenhouse gas emissions 136 million tons of construction and demolition waste in the US 12% of potable water use in the US 40% of raw materials use globally

4 Why Go Green? The Impact of Buildings US CO2 Emissions by Sector

5 Why Go Green? The Impact of Buildings US Energy Consumption by Sector

6 Why Go Green? The Impact of Healthcare Facilities Hospitals consume tremendous amounts of energy twice as much energy per square foot as office buildings Hospitals spend $3 billion each year on electricity alone, $6 billion on total energy use Fifty percent of US power comes from coal fired power plants pollution from power plants is associated with lung cancer, heart attacks, and asthma (from Sustainable Healthcare Architecture)

7 Why Go Green? The Impact of Healthcare Facilities Many other health issues PVCs are used throughout healthcare facilities; their manufacture generates dioxin, a potent carcinogen Thermostats, batteries and lamps frequently contain mercury, a known neurotoxin Casework and wood products traditionally contain formaldehyde, a probable human carcinogen and contributor to indoor air pollution

8 What is Sustainable Design? Design and construction practices that significantly reduce or eliminate the negative impact of buildings on the environment and occupants.

9 Where to start? Two Healthcare Guidelines available: LEED Green Building Rating System Green Guide for Healthcare

10 Sustainable Design Guidelines LEED is A nationally recognized green building rating and certification system designed to promote the design, construction, and operation of environmentally friendly buildings (stands for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design). Developed by USGBC. USGBC is A national nonprofit to promote the design & construction of buildings that are environmentally responsible, profitable, and healthy (stands for U.S. Green Building Council).

11 Sustainable Design Guidelines LEED for Healthcare Currently in Draft Form

12 Sustainable Design Guidelines LEED for Healthcare Certification Level Required Points Certified Silver Gold Platinum points possible

13 Sustainable Design Guidelines Green Guide for Healthcare Green Guide for Healthcare is Built on the LEED framework, but modified for healthcare Combination of Operations and Design / Construction Emphasis on health issues

14 Sustainable Design Guidelines LEED / GGHC Comparison Category LEED GGHC Registration $ Free Certification $2500-$13,500 None Review Process 3 months None Documentation $25,000 Varies

15 Sustainable Design Guidelines Strategy Categories: Site Design Water Efficiency Energy and Atmosphere Materials & Resources Indoor Environment Quality Innovation

16 Sustainable Sites

17 Sustainable Sites Why? Sustainable design starts with careful site planning to minimize automobile dependence, encourage healthy ecosystems, and minimize air and water pollution.

18 Sustainable Sites Basic Principles Avoid developing on greenfield or environmentally sensitive sites; reinforce existing development density to reduce urban sprawl. Encourage the use of mass transit and carpooling through site location and approach to parking. Provide bicycle storage and changing areas. Design stormwater systems to minimize runoff and pollution. Select light colored paving and roofing to minimize heat island effect. Design site lighting to minimize spillage into neighboring areas. Provide outdoor spaces for staff and patients.

19 Sustainable Sites LEED for Healthcare Prerequisite: Construction Activity Pollution Prevention Credit 1: Site Selection (1 point) Credit 2: Development Density and Community Connectivity (1 point) Credit 3: Brownfield Redevelopment (1 point) Credit 4: Alternative Transportation (4 points) Credit 5: Site Development (2 points) Credit 6: Stormwater Design (2 points) Credit 7: Heat Island Effect (2 points) Credit 8: Light Pollution Reduction (1 point) Credit 9: Connection to the Natural World: Places of Respite (1 point) 16 Total Points

20 Sustainable Sites Urban Sites: Encourage public transportation, remediate contaminated sites and support existing development density Smiley s Clinic, Minneapolis, MN

21 Sustainable Sites Rural Sites: minimize site disturbance, protect open space and existing ecosytems, and consider ponds to filter stormwater CentraCare Health Plaza, St. Cloud, MN

22 Water Efficiency

23 Water Efficiency Why? According to the United Nations, portions of the United States will soon face water shortages. Processing potable water is energy intensive. Healthcare facilities use significant quantities of water; approximately 70% of hospital potable water consumption is process use.

24 Water Efficiency Basic Principles Avoid using potable water when unnecessary in equipment cooling and irrigation. Select landscaping that does not require significant irrigation; choose native plantings adapted to the local environment. Choose plumbing fixtures that conserve water, and install sensor controls to reduce demand.

25 Water Efficiency LEED for Healthcare Prerequisite: No Potable Water Use for Medical Equipment Cooling Credit 1: Water Efficient Landscaping: No Potable Water Use or No Irrigation (1 point) Credit 2: Potable Water Use Reduction: Measurement and Verification (1 point) Credit 3: Potable Water Use Reduction: Domestic Water (1 point) Credit 4: Potable Water Use Reduction: Process Water & Building System Equipment (1 point) 5 Total Points

26 Water Efficiency Low flow fixtures No irrigation system Prairie grass planted on majority of site Jefferson County Hospital, Fairfield, IA

27 Energy & Atmosphere

28 Energy & Atmosphere Why? Reduced energy use results in reduced combustion of fossil fuels for source energy generation. Reducing fossil fuel use reduces airborne particulates and pollutants as well as greenhouse gas emissions.

29 Energy & Atmosphere Basic Principles Maximize building energy efficiency through exterior design and efficient mechanical systems. Use daylighting where possible to reduce lighting energy needs; consider controls to dim lights when adequate daylight is present. Consider renewable energy forms such as solar, wind and geothermal. Avoid refrigerants that deplete the ozone layer. Use energy-efficient equipment and lighting. Consider LED or compact fluorescent fixtures.

30 Energy & Atmosphere LEED for Healthcare Prerequisite 1: Fundamental Commissioning of the Building Energy Systems Prerequisite 2: Minimum Energy Performance Prerequisite 3: Fundamental Refrigerant Management Credit 1: Optimize Energy Performance (10 points) Credit 2: On-Site Renewable Energy (2 points) Credit 3: Enhanced Commissioning (2 points) Credit 4: Enhanced Refrigerant Management (1 point) Credit 5: Measurement and Verification (1 point) Credit 6: Green Power (1 point) Credit 7: Medical and Process Equipment Efficiency (1 point) Credit 8: Community Contaminant Prevention: Airborne Releases (1 point) 19 Total Points

31 Energy & Atmosphere East West orientation helps control heat gain; west façade worst side for glass Jefferson County Hospital, Fairfield, IA

32 Energy & Atmosphere Overhangs, sunshades, and high performance glass on south facade help control summer heat gain Orange City Area Health System, Orange City, IA

33 Environmental Quality Overhangs and sunshades can be designed to permit direct sunlight in the winter to reduce heating load Summer Sun Angle Winter Sun Angle Jefferson County Hospital, Fairfield, IA

34 Energy & Atmosphere Energy modeling software can help guide exterior design to maximum energy efficiency Fairview Children s, Minneapolis, MN

35 Materials & Resources

36 Materials & Resources Why? The EPA estimates that more than 30% of municipal solid waste is generated by construction and demolition. Several studies have found elevated rates of cancer in those living near solid waste landfills.

37 Materials & Resources Why? A number of traditional building materials contain toxic substances or contribute toxins to the environment during their manufacture. Examples include PVC products (dioxins), roofing (lead), and copper (toxic to aquatic species).

38 Materials & Resources Basic Principles Reuse existing structures where possible to reduce use of new materials and the energy required to transport them. Salvage and recycle demolition materials where possible. Consider refurbishing existing furniture and equipment rather than purchasing new. Design for flexibility to minimize future demolition.

39 Materials & Resources Basic Principles Select materials from rapidly renewable sources, such as bamboo, straw and wheat board, and linoleum. Consider materials extracted and manufactured locally to reduce transportation. Select HVAC systems and control systems free of mercury switches and relays. Minimize use of PVC and copper. Specify products free of lead and cadmium (roofing, solder, paints). Avoid halogenated compounds (flame retardants) found in roofing and membranes, interior finishes, and electrical components.

40 Materials & Resources LEED for Healthcare: Materials & Resources Prerequisite 1: Storage & Collection of Recyclables Prerequisite 2: PBT Source Reduction: Mercury Credit 1: Building Reuse (3 points) Credit 2: Construction Waste Management (2 points) Credit 3: Sustainably Sourced Materials and Products (1 point) Credit 4: PBT Source Reduction: Dioxins & Halogenated Compounds / Mercury Use in Equipment / Lead, Cadmium & Copper (3 points) Credit 5: Furniture & Medical Furnishings (1 point) Credit 6: Resource Use: Design for Flexibility (1 point) 14 Total Points

41 Environmental Quality

42 Environmental Quality Why? The EPA estimates that people spend 89% of their time indoors. The level of indoor pollutants is estimated to be five times greater than outdoor levels.

43 Environmental Quality Basic Principles Ensure adequate ventilation to avoid indoor air pollution. Take special precautions to avoid contamination during construction. Use construction and finish materials with low VOCs (volatile organic compounds). Research sealants, paints, wood paneling, ceiling tiles, carpets, and casework. Provide natural light to treatment and staff spaces to reduce patient stress and enhance staff work performance. Provide control of light levels, temperature, and noise to reduce patient stress and encourage healthy sleep patterns.

44 Environmental Quality LEED for Healthcare Prerequisite 1: Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance Prerequisite 2: Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control Prerequisite 3: Hazardous Material Removal or Encapsulation (Major Renovations Only) Credit 1: Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring (1 point) Credit 2: Acoustic Environment: Exterior Noise, Acoustical Finishes & Room Noise Levels (2 points) Credit 3: Environmental Quality Management Plan (2 points) Credit 4: Low-Emitting Materials (4 points) Credit 5: Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control (1 point) Credit 6: Controllability of Systems (2 points) Credit 7: Thermal Comfort (1 point) Credit 8: Views and Daylight (4 points) 17 Total Points

45 Environmental Quality Natural light can be carried throughout a building with thoughtful planning Jefferson County Hospital, Fairfield, IA

46 Innovation / Integrative Design

47 Innovation / Integrative Design Why? Integrated design teams are essential for sustainable design. The greatest impact occurs when owners, contractors, architects and engineers work together.

48 Innovation / Integrative Design LEED for Healthcare Prerequisite 1: Integrative Project Process Credit 1: Innovation in Design (4 points) Credit 2: LEED Accredited Professional (1 point) Credit 3: Integrative Project Planning and Design (1 point) 6 Total Points

49 How Much Does it Cost?

50 How Much Does it Cost? Impact on Construction Cost Certification Level Increase in Construction Cost Certified 0-2% Silver 1-3% Gold 3-5% Platinum 5-10% Costs decreasing with increased demand Green products becoming more standard Contractors gaining understanding of the process

51 How Much Does it Cost? Other Potential Costs Project Registration Project Documentation USGBC Review Fees $1000-$2500 (LEED) Varies (LEED) $2500-$13,500 (LEED)

52 Who Does the Documentation? Potential Parties Architect / Engineer (Most Common) Contractor Owner

53 Marketing Potential Potential Market Differentiation MN LEED Certified Projects: 12 Total 2 Healthcare MN LEED Registered Projects: Approx. 100 Total 5 Healthcare

54 Owatonna Hospital