Non -Verbal Communication. - Seema Murugan
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1 Non -Verbal Communication - Seema Murugan
2 Non -Verbal Communication : AN OVERVIEW INTRODUCTION IMPORTANCE TYPES OF NON - VERBAL MESSAGES BODY LANGUAGE INTERPRETING BODY LANGUAGE ARTIFACTUAL COMMUNICATION AND COLOR SPACE AND DISTANCE / PROXEMICS GENDER, DIVERSITY AND TECHNOLOGY TIPS TO IMPROVE N-V COMMUNICATION VIEW NEXT PPT. ON BODY SPORT SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 2
3 NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION : INTRODUCTION ( 1 of 4 ) Non -Verbal Communication is the message or response not expressed or sent in words - hints, suggestions, indications. Actions speak louder than words. What you are speaks so loudly that I cannot hear what you say - Ralph Waldo Emerson There is a distinction between the meanings we give in words and the meanings we give off in NV signals. SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 3
4 NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION : INTRODUCTION ( 2 of 4 ) Non - Verbal signals are unconscious parts of our behavior which is a deeply rooted part in our entire makeup. In fact, it is the most basic part of our personality. Behavior has no opposite, i.e. there is no such thing as non-behavior. SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 4
5 NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION : INTRODUCTION ( 3 of 4 ) Christopher Turk puts it very simply : one cannot not behave. Now, if it is accepted that all behavior in an interactional situation has message value, i.e., is communication, it follows that no matter how one may try, one cannot not communicate. Activity or inactivity, words or silence, all have message value: they influence others and these others, in turn, cannot not respond to these communications. SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 5
6 NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION : INTRODUCTION ( 4 of 4 ) NVC is the unspoken communication that goes on in every Face-to-Face encounter with another human being. It is recognized as the route to discover what the other side wants, without them ever saying it, like a secret way into their soul. NVC stands for the innermost, instinctual form of human communication. SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 6
7 IMPORTANCE OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION Communication researcher Mehrabian found that only 7% of a message s effect are carried by words ; listeners receive the other 93% through non - verbal means. Birdwhistell suggested that spoken words account for not more than 30-35% of all our social interactions. Over 65 percent of the social meaning of the messages we send to others are communicated non-verbally. SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 7
8 TYPES OF NON-VERBAL MESSAGES A. Body Language or Kinesics B. Clothing or Artifactual Communication C. Voice or Paralanguage D. Space and Distance, or Proxemic factors E. Color F. Time, or Chronemics ; and G. Touch, or Haptics SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 8
9 A. Body Language The bodily gestures, postures, and facial expressions by which a person communicates nonverbally with others - (Soukhanov 1992:211). KINESICS : POSTURE GESTURE FACIAL EXPRESSIONS GAZE / EYE CONTACT SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 9
10 A. Body Language Body language and kinesics are based on the behavioral patterns of nonverbal communication, but kinesics is still so new as a science that its authorities can be counted on the fingers of one hand " - (Fast 1970:9). SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 10
11 A. Basic Types of Body Language postures 1.OPEN / CLOSED People with arms folded and legs crossed and bodies turned away are signaling that they are rejecting messages. People showing open hands, fully facing you and both feet planted on the ground are accepting them. 2.FORWARD/ BACK When people are leaning forward and pointing towards you they are actively accepting or rejecting the message. When they are leaning back, looking up at the ceiling, doodling on a pad, cleaning their glasses they are either passively absorbing or ignoring it. SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 11
12 A. Body Language? 1. Facial expression(s) 2. Eyes 3. Lips 4. Arms 5. Hands 6. Fingers SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 12
13 A1.1 The Face The face is an important source of information. Since the face cannot be easily hidden, it is an important source of nonverbal information and communicates a variety of emotions. In addition, eye contact, pupil size, and the smile provide additional cues to informed observers. SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 13
14 A1.1. Facial Expression(s) SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 14
15 A1.2. Facial Expression(s) Forehead Wrinkles Anger Eyebrows Outer edges up Anger Nose Upward Contempt SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 15
16 A1.3. Facial Expression(s) What is the impression you wish to convey? Do you smile at others? Always smiling, never smile, sometimes. SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 16
17 A2. Eyes Centered Gazing Up Focused Thinking Gazing Down Gaze on the Side Wandering Shame Guilty Disinterested, Bored SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 17
18 A3. Lips Parted Together Relaxed, Happy Possibly Concerned Wide Open Very Happy / Very Angry SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 18
19 A4. Arms Arms Crossed Angry, Disapproving Open Honest, Accepting SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 19
20 A5. Hands On Top of the Head Amazement Scratching Head Rubbing Eyes Puzzled, Confused Tired Rubbing Chin folded Thinking, Timid, Shy SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 20
21 A6. Fingers Fingers Interlocked Tense Pointing at you Angry OK Signal Fine V Sign Peace SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 21
22 Interpreting Body Language From -Mind your Manners John Mole SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 22
23 1.1. Responsive ENGAGED leaning forward Open Body Open Arms Open Hands SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 23
24 1.2. Responsive EAGER (sprint position) Open Legs Feet under Chair On Toes Leaning Forward SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 24
25 1.3. Responsive READY TO AGREE closes papers Pen Down Hands Flat on Table SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 25
26 2.1. Reflective LISTENING with head tilted Lots of Eye Contact Nodding High Blink Rate SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 26
27 2.2. Reflective EVALUATING : sucking glasses / pencil Stroking Chin Looking Up and Right Legs crossed in 4 pos. Ankle on Knee SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 27
28 2.3. Reflective ATTENTIVE (standing) Arms behind Back Smile Open Feet SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 28
29 3.1. Fugitive BORED staring into space Slumped Posture Doodling Foot Tapping SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 29
30 3.2. Fugitive LET ME GO feet towards door Looking Around Buttoning Jacket SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 30
31 3.3. Fugitive REJECTION sitting/moving back Arms Folded Legs Crossed in 11 pos. Thigh on Knee Head Down Frown SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 31
32 4.1. Combative LET ME SPEAK finger tapping Foot Tapping Staring SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 32
33 4.2. Combative AGGRESSIVE leaning forwards Finger Pointing Fists Clenched SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 33
34 4.3. Combative DEFIANT (standing) Hands on Hips Frown SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 34
35 B. Artifactual Communication and Color Artifactual communication, is an integral part of the nonverbal package. It includes the use of personal adornments such as clothing, jewellery, makeup, hairstyles, and beards. People are apt to make inferences about us based on the way we dress. SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 35
36 D. Space and Distance, or Proxemic factors Proxemic cues, including the treatment of space and territory influence interaction and help define the communication experience. Edward Hall says there are four different distances that we keep between ourselves and other people: intimate distance-0 to 18 inches; personal distance-18 inches to 4 feet; social distance-4 to 12 feet; and public distance-12 feet to the limit of sight. SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 36
37 D. Space and Distance, or Proxemic factors Researchers divide environmental spaces into three categories:informal, semifixedfeature, and fixed-feature based on the perceived permanence of the physical space. Territoriality is an important concept in communication : typically, human beings stake out space or territory. Territoriality describes the need to demonstrate a possessive or ownership relationship to space. Markers are used to reserve space and set boundaries that help identify the space as belonging to someone. SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 37
38 Gender, Diversity, and Technology The use of nonverbal cues is affected by variables such as gender, culture, and technology. The ways men and women use nonverbal cues reflects societal practices. To a large degree, people modify their use of nonverbal cues depending on the culture they belong to or identify with. Nonverbal communication is also affected by whether communication is occurring onor off- line. SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 38
39 Tips to improve Non-Verbal Communication Positive NV behavior improves your non-verbal communication effectiveness. You can improve your effectiveness as a non-verbal communicator by observing and analyzing both the physical environment of interactions and the body language, appearance, gestures, vocal cues, eye contact, and touching behavior of the participants. Inculcate positive Body Sport. SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 39
40 References on Non -Verbal Communication Gamble and Gamble s Communication Works TMH Turk s Effective Speaking Spon Press/ Foundation Books The Internet SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 40
41 Non -Verbal Communication THANK YOU SM / HSS / IIT-KGP 41
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