FLORAL VISION FOR THE CAPITAL. November 2009

Transcription

1 FLORAL VISION FOR THE CAPITAL November 2009 i

2 Document produced by Beauregard et Associés In collaboration with Desjardins Marketing Stratégique Inc. ii

3 NCC staff involved in this study Contact persons Michelle Comeau Daniel Miron Marie Boulet Marc Corriveau Gérald Lajeunesse Sylvie Tilden Angeline Laffin Julie Mulligan Dorota Grudniewicz Mario Fournier Lucie Bureau Mary Taylor Pascale Laliberté Mark Burleton Frank St-Pierre Robert Batsch Jacqueline Hunt Micheline Mongeon Carole Crossan Vice-president, Environment Capital Lands and Parks Branch Director, Design and Construction Director, Urban Lands and Transportation Acting Director, Urban Lands and Transportation Chief, Landscape Architecture Senior Manager, Commemorations, Public Art and Representation Senior Manager, Interpretation Project Manager Landscape Architect Manager, Lifecycle and Rehabilitation Program Principal Regional Planner Strategic Planner, Interpretation Programs Coordinator Manager, Grounds and Greenhouses Contract Management officer Senior Industrial Designer Rehabilitation Project Officer Contract Monitoring Officer Junior Landscape Architect ii

4 Table of Contents 1. History of the Capital Floral Program Background and Objectives Striking a Balance between Beautification, the Capital Experience, and Sustainable Development Capital experiences Environmental issues Methodology Key Trends and Tourism Profiles of the Study Area In search of memorable experiences Precedents and Trends in Floral Design Landscape Development Opportunities Development of the Vision NCC Staff Vision Key success factors Benefits for visitors Strategic Positioning Proposed Vision: The Canada Gardens Overall conceptual vision Program of Potential Activities Interactive features Outdoor performances Theme-based gardens Guided tours Floral Concept Zone I: Horticultural and Arboricultural Node Creating a significant node A strategic site: HMCS Carleton Commissioner s Park: landscape design potential Zone II: South shore of the Ottawa River Front lawn of Parliament Hill Confederation Boulevard...37 iii

5 Promenade of Remembrance Front lawn of the Supreme Court of Canada Other sites within the Parliamentary Precinct Area Major s Hill Park, Nepean Point, and the National Gallery of Canada Zone III: North shore of the Ottawa River Jacques Cartier Park Gardens of the Museum of Civilization North shoreline of the Ottawa River Brewery Creek Zone IV: Other Core Area Sites Entrances to bridges River Walk and Islands Ottawa River Parkway, Rockcliffe Parkway, and Leamy Lake Parkway Private grounds and public boulevards Potential Partners...50 Appendix I: Substantial increase in nature watchers...ii Appendix II: Ottawa, a Capital destination... III Appendix III: The Outaouais, a region of repeat visitors...vii Appendix IV: Two tourist experience scenarios... IX Appendix V: Summary description of floral opportunities in Commissioner s Park...XIII Appendix VI: Variable Management... XXXVII Appendix VII: Eleven examples of successful gardens...xl Appendix VIII: Vision for the Capital Floral Program Stakeholder Workshop, March 12, LIII iv

6 1. History of the Capital Floral Program The floral program of the National Capital Commission (NCC) has played a crucial role in the Capital since 1903 by beautifying the lawns of various national institutions and other public spaces in Ottawa and Gatineau. As early as 1860, small Victorian-style ornamental flower beds of intricate geometric shapes and designs became part of the landscape at Rideau Hall, Major s Hill Park, and Strathcona Park (now a municipal park). These flower beds were designed to be admired up close by pedestrians as they strolled through the grounds. From 1901 to 1911, vice-regal garden competitions were established in Ottawa by Lady Minto and carried on by Lady Grey to generate greater interest in the beautification of the nation s Capital. After World War II, the landscape architects with the Federal District Commission (NCC s predecessor) introduced a new style of planting consisting of large, simple, sweeping flower beds that better reflected the principles of parkway design. These beds, largely viewed from vehicles using the parkways, lent themselves to long interwoven bands of contrasting or monochromatic colour schemes, creating sequential and repetitive design effects. These spectacular floral displays began to attract tourists, resulting in the Capital gaining national and international recognition as a springtime destination of horticultural interest. The first tulip beds were planted in the 1940s in Commissioner s Park, a large open space along the Rideau Canal Driveway (later renamed Queen Elizabeth Drive), at Dow s Lake. An initial gift of 100,000 tulips, followed by an ongoing annual gift of 20,000 bulbs from Princess Juliana of the Netherlands was the catalyst to an expanded planting program, including spring tulips and summer annuals. The first-ever Canadian Tulip Festival was held in the Capital in Throughout the years, flower beds were added or expanded along the scenic driveways in the Rideau Canal corridor and in the core area parks such as Major s Hill Park and the Garden of the Provinces, and at national institutions including Parliament Hill, the War Memorial, and the official residences. A variety of scales and complexities of planting are used to reflect diverse settings and variations in pedestrian, cycling and vehicular viewing perspectives. Today, Commissioner s Park remains the NCC s horticultural hub and the primary display area for the floral program, with a show of approximately 400,000 flowers each year, in the spring and summer. The spring bulbs program also includes daffodils, crocuses, and scilla. Beginning in the 1940s, these bulbs have been mainly naturalized in grass areas. One of the earliest and most spectacular displays of naturalized bulbs can be found at the Rockcliffe Rockeries, within a 20-hectare park. This secluded spring floral display, surrounded by flowering trees, remains one of the Capital s best-kept secrets. The tulip program peaked in 1967, during Canada s centennial year, when 1,250,000 bulbs were planted in the Capital. The last time an unusually extravagant program was carried out was in 1988 in celebration of Destination 88, which included the grand opening of the 5

7 National Gallery of Canada and the Canadian Museum of Civilization. In 1988, the design of many core-area floral beds introduced the mixing of different colours and species in the same area to create more dynamic effects and the use of less dense, taller species to create a layered, filtered effect over lower, denser species. These design concepts are now part of common floral design practices at the NCC. Although perennials were always a part of the plantings in the Capital, it was only in 1986 that extensive new perennial beds were added to Commissioner s Park. They were designed to complement the existing tulip and annual beds, and were located mainly at park entry and focal points. The general planting layout for tulips was similar to that of the annual beds. Masses of perennials, with a shorter flowering season, provided a more natural effect with individual floral displays placed at various places on the grounds managed by the NCC. In 2003 and 2004, the flower beds of the Garden of the Provinces were modified and rejuvenated with extensive planting of peonies, lilacs, and crab apple trees. Today, the floral program primarily involves bulbs (May) and annuals (from June to September), found mainly in 100 formal flower beds that cover approximately 1.6 hectares, with some naturalized bulb plantings. In addition to these permanent floral beds, 280 moveable planters and some 170 hanging baskets can be found in the Capital s courtyards and plazas, and along Confederation Boulevard. Approximately 200,000 annuals and 630,000 tulips are the core of the Capital s yearly floral program. From 1969 to 1997, the NCC grew its own bedding plants, giving it good control of the quality of its floral displays. At present, annuals are grown as part of a yearly commercial production and maintenance contract. Every year, the NCC makes extensive human resource and financial investments to deliver the Capital floral program to residents and visitors. 6

8 2. Background and Objectives The NCC and its predecessors have been responsible for planning in Canada s Capital since Planning is managed in accordance with the National Capital Act (1988) under which the NCC is responsible for planning, developing and improving the Capital, and organizing and promoting public programs that enrich the cultural and social fabric of Canada. This mandate sets out three main goals: Developing a meeting place; Communicating Canada to Canadians; Safeguarding and preserving. The Plan for Canada s Capital identifies beautification of the Capital as a central historical and ongoing planning theme for the NCC. The purpose of this study is to provide guidance by setting out as a goal a rejuvenated and innovative floral program that will provide opportunities to communicate Canada s history, contribute to cultural development and promote education. The proposed vision relies on tourism statistics and profiles new trends in floral design and management. It outlines a strategic plan to implement an innovative program that will guide the design and management of floral displays in the Capital for the next 10 years. The main objectives of the floral program are to: Offer a floral program consistent with the city s status as the Capital of Canada, identifying the NCC as a leader in floral design and horticultural management; Ensure that the resulting floral impact reflects the extent of the resources invested in the program; Rejuvenate the floral program with a wide range of design ideas and thematic or symbolic approaches that provide opportunities to learn or communicate messages that complement the floral program; Identify new or strengthened partnerships and expanded programming opportunities. It was felt that developing a vision for tourism would undoubtedly help increase the number of visitors and tourism dollars in the area. Moreover, research on planning, design and maintenance would help improve floral displays and enhance the viability of the resulting creations. The next logical step was to adapt the approach for the floral vision to current sustainable development approaches and take them into account as part of the strategic approach. However, some biases remained. What benefit would sustainable development provide if the results did not meet beautification objectives for the Capital? Could brightly coloured, 7

9 spectacular flower beds be compatible with the use of native species? Are native species as aesthetically pleasing as ornamental plant species? Can current horticultural practices be adapted to sustainable practices? Could the added participation of the private sector help to take the floral program to a higher level of excellence? These are the concerns that needed to be addressed in order to persuade and encourage the NCC to adopt this approach. Accordingly, these premises were the basis for the research conducted as part of this study. The objective was to create an aesthetically-pleasing experience that respects and encourages new sustainable development and design approaches in order to position the NCC as a leader in beautification. 3. Striking a Balance between Beautification, the Capital Experience, and Sustainable Development In the past, the efforts of the NCC focused largely on beautification of the Capital. To do so, the Commission devoted a significant amount of human resources to plan, develop, and establish programs and implement projects that have had a major impact on the Capital. However, changing issues and priorities mean that the NCC must constantly adapt in order to respond to these changes and to help society evolve. Cities are continually being transformed, influenced by what is happening elsewhere in the world and by the desire to create the best possible living conditions for their citizens. This evolution provides an important economic contribution that stimulates urban growth and leadership in urban design that will encourage people to stay. Capital cities contribute greatly to defining new directions for urban development. Both nationally and globally, their image is important because they are a showcase of the nation. At the dawn of the 21 st century, economic and environmental challenges are particularly crucial. Experts are forecasting the most serious economic crisis in decades. The environmental alarm has sounded. This is the era of Kyoto, Action 21, and a whole range of measures to be implemented to ensure the future of generations to come. We need to become greener. We need to do more with fewer financial and human resources. The Floral Vision for the Capital is in line with these objectives. Are we ready? Do we really have a choice? All of the working approaches have not yet been established, as they are still under consideration all over the world. The NCC also needs to take advantage of opportunities that may arise. It needs to join this movement in a realistic manner. Reasoning, innovating, and adapting are key terms for the coming years. 8

10 3.1. Capital experiences Implementing the floral program should help to increase the number of visitors to the Capital as well as visitations by residents of the Capital region. This increased visitor traffic will give rise to greater opportunities for exchanges both among local residents and between local residents and visitors, particularly during festivals, beautification competitions, and many other activities. In this way, visitors who want to know more about local culture can take part in the activities, which will provide them with opportunities to meet and talk with other Canadians through conferences and symposiums, festivals, performances, and other activities. Showcasing Canadian historic and cultural symbols through artistic endeavours or other landscape features that could be incorporated into site modifications could provide opportunities for cultural and social enrichment, awareness, and learning for Canadians. Site interpretation could also provide an opportunity to communicate Canadian values to Canadian and foreign visitors. Meaningful components of Canadian culture could be highlighted through landscape design and interpretation programs, producing an experience-based tourist attraction. 9

11 3.2. Environmental issues Sustainable development issues involve the conservation and preservation of natural environments. The identity of Canadian landscapes is inextricably linked to their preservation and conservation. The natural landscape, including wildlife, flora, geomorphology, and climate contribute to the development of a distinctly Canadian identity. This is the essence of the beauty of our country. Enhancing landscapes begins with the preservation of what exists. The use of native plants maintains the identity of the Canadian landscapes, in addition to preserving their biodiversity. This also involves better management of natural resources and limiting various types of pollution. However, the environment is not exclusively about plant life. Managing surface water, by means of rain gardens, helps to reduce the degradation of streams and rivers. This issue is very important for the preservation of water resources and relies on the knowledge of landscape architects, horticulturalists, and botanists to appropriately develop sites, ensure surface drainage, and select appropriate plant material. The creation of naturalized sites and horticultural beautification programs are among the preferred approaches used by the NCC in establishing its leadership in the beautification of the Capital. On the one hand, the underlying natural setting contributes to the identity of the city and to its beautification, and on the other, floral design can highlight the architectural features of the city as well as its symbols and its history. The resulting urban fabric improves the living environment of its citizens, who will have an even greater appreciation of their surroundings and will be more concerned with ensuring its preservation. On a cultural and social level, strengthening the identity of Canadian landscapes, combined with diversification and the transmission of knowledge, fosters intergenerational exchanges and provides opportunities for dialogue and learning. Environmental education is a form of sustainable development, because it results in the transfer of knowledge to the public. Site interpretation, the setting, works of art, and the integration of museum exhibits are among the means used to help raise public awareness about the environment and communicate this value to Canadians. By incorporating these approaches into the gardens, visitors benefit from learning something new. From an economic perspective, the benefits involve optimizing human and physical resources, adapting materials, and providing a better understanding of the work required. This leads to better cost optimization. Sustainable floral design, for example, tends to better manage natural resources through a variable management approach that takes into account human effort and ecological diversity. This new form of management proposes to manage the design and maintenance of green spaces without applying the same level of effort in all areas.,more specifically, there is a need to strike a balance between horticulture and nature, between ornamental and native plants. Appendix VI contains a list of activities, objectives, and outcomes using variable management methods. 10

12 4. Methodology In developing a new vision for the NCC s floral program, the first crucial step was to have an overall understanding of the current situation by conducting an analysis of the policy environment of the Capital Floral Program. This study was divided as follows: field visits; research and analysis of the available literature; benchmarking / comparative analyses; qualitative interviews; creativity workshop. Field visits: First, landscape architects from Beauregard et Associés visited various wellestablished gardens, parks, and floral attractions in Canada (Hamilton, Quebec City, Montreal, Toronto, Niagara Falls) between May and September 2008 to view the various floral displays and the various types of experiences available to visitors. The firm s experts also traveled to Ottawa to visit the NCC s current floral displays (Commissioner s Park, Parliament Hill, the city s floral circuit). In addition, one of the team consultants attended a Tourism and Gardens conference in Europe in September Document research and analysis: To broaden our understanding of the policy environment, we conducted extensive research into the existing literature, especially with regard to overall tourism trends and to the profiles of the tourist clienteles visiting Ottawa and the Outaouais. We also did some research on Canada s core values by consulting various official government documents (Charters, declarations, etc.) in order to draw from our analysis the basic principles and values that must be conveyed through the NCC s floral program. Comparative analyses: We also examined and analyzed comparable models of floral experiences from around the world (gardens of Asia, Europe, America) to establish a list of elements that are essential to the development of the new floral program concept. Eleven exemplary gardens were selected for the purposes of our analysis. Qualitative interviews: As a complement to our research, qualitative interviews were conducted with two separate groups namely, the various NCC staff involved in the floral program, and representatives of the tourism industry in Ottawa and the Outaouais. NCC staff members were asked to give their opinion of the key factors considered essential to the success of the floral program, while actors from the tourism industry (City of Ottawa, Tourism Ottawa, Tourisme Outaouais) provided additional details about tourist profiles and the various events and attractions in the area. Creativity workshop: These activities were followed by a creativity workshop with the NCC staff to hear ideas and comments about the new vision for the floral program. This meeting helped consolidate the conceptual foundations of the vision and strengthen it with suggestions from within the NCC. 11

13 The next step was to proceed with a summary of the policy setting in order to develop a new vision for the NCC s floral program, a vision that would embody the key factors for success and generate enthusiasm among visitors to Ottawa and the Outaouais region. 5. Key Trends and Tourism Profiles of the Study Area 5.1. In search of memorable experiences The new realities of the 21 st century the constant improvements in transportation, the emergence of large global economic blocks, and major demographic transformations have an impact on the tourism industry. These changes have resulted in the democratization of travel and an explosion in the number of tourist destinations, each one more attractive than the next. New emerging trends have been observed in the past few years: 1 The retirement of baby boomers, who will have more time and money for travelling; The expanding clientele made up of families,, for both pleasure and business trips, which is becoming a crucial element in the supply of tourist services; The growing share of women as business clients and conference attendees, which has already led to changes in the products and services aimed at this clientele; The emergence of a new significant client segment, the tweens, or preadolescents aged 9 to 14 years. They represent a huge market because of their surprising buying power and their influence on family decisions in all areas. Tweens have become a new type of vacationer. This does not mean that family trips are coming to an end but points instead to a change in direction the tweens ; The desire to learn, which favours cultural tourism to authentic, appealing, and exotic destinations; The specialization of interests, which is leading to growth in theme-based travel and the proliferation of the products and activities offered to appeal to these narrower interests. With ongoing developments in information technology and greater access to these technologies, consumers are now better informed and more demanding than ever before. Tourists expect a product that has an excellent price/quality ratio and that meets the expectations advertised and sold to them. The diversification and increase in tourism clients has already had a significant impact on visitor behaviours. The most notable include: 1 Tourisme Québec, Grandes tendances de la demande touristique,

14 increased travel in smaller groups; increased travel to local markets; the priority given to vacations/recreation in household budgets. Moreover, consumers are increasingly seeking unique tourism experiences based on physical, emotional, and intellectual involvement. Pleasure, well-being, and the pursuit of inner peace are characteristics of these new experiences. A survey of U.S. and Canadian tourists conducted in found that the most sought-after tourism experiences were to: see or do something new; break away from the ordinary; relax and reduce stress; create lasting memories; learn about other cultures. See Appendices I, II, III, and IV for further information on tourism-related trends and statistics. 2 Ontario Ministry of Tourism,

15 6. Precedents and Trends in Floral Design We searched for examples of leading floral attractions that were innovative, tourism-driven, and aesthetically pleasing. Our search was not limited by size of display or duration. The selection of examples was focussed on success, ideas, and the purpose behind the landscape design. The key factors of the success of these parks and gardens were analyzed. Appendix VII describes 11 examples of such attractions. They are: Jardins de Métis/Reford Festival Brussels Floral Carpet Eden Project Crystal Garden Secret Gardens of Cahors Keukenhof Floral Displays Gardens of Rivau Castle Gardens of Wisley Séricourt Garden Gardens of the Imagination Assiniboine Park Some findings: Visitors are drawn by spectacular, large-scale attractions that can also be enhanced at night with appropriate lighting; Works of art and other short-lived features incorporated into the gardens are forms of expression that help emphasize plant material and vice versa. They can reach out to educate and raise awareness among visitors; Creativity is unlimited. Things can be done in many ways. Who would have imagined combining crystal with plants? Or symbolizing champagne through a garden? A garden circuit is one way to help visitors discover the history of a city; The use of annual themes enhances the attraction of a garden, fosters greater harmony between landscape designs, builds visitor loyalty, and draws new clients; Children represent a target audience that multiplies the number of visitors. Displays geared toward children are successful when they appeal to their imagination and narrate tales from the world of magic; 14

16 Water adds animation in a garden. It can be present in various forms; Mixed flower beds help enhance the appeal of a garden with the diversity of species presented; Innovative floral beds and new floral trends are highly sought after by visitors hoping to glean some ideas for their own gardens. Wildflower collections can offer attractions of specific interest for horticulture enthusiasts. 15

17 7. Landscape Development Opportunities Site visits were conducted during the Tulip Festival; in the summer, comparable projects were researched, and photographs of existing flower beds analyzed. This approach helped reveal landscape development opportunities. These opportunities include improvements to the floral plan for urban spaces and types of adjustments that could be made in terms of plant material and planting design in these spaces. Meetings and consultations with NCC staff helped to focus the research work on a more sustainable definition of landscape design. The landscape development opportunities identified involve existing flower beds, parks located along the floral circuit, existing natural areas, the most visited and most visible tourist areas, monuments and historic sites, museums, and potential restoration sites. The first landscape development category includes existing natural areas to be protected and areas that have naturalization potential. The Rideau Canal corridor, part of a designated World Heritage Site, needs to be protected, as do the shores of the Ottawa River, which also present great naturalization opportunities (water and land) as well as an important recreational role. z 16

18 The second landscape development category includes sites that could be enhanced using more abundant floral displays. Areas that are highly visible because of their location, such as entrances to the Capital, national historic buildings, public places and monuments, and open spaces favoured by residents and visitors, are priority sites for floral enhancement. The third landscape development category covers sites steeped in history or adjacent to museums. They offer potential for the interpretation of historic, artistic, and cultural themes. In addition, they lend themselves well to incorporating works of art and themebased gardens. 17

19 All available spaces, particularly on Parliament Hill, also have beautification potential. These sites can accommodate all types of plant material, to suit established site development concepts, design options, and planning objectives. Accordingly, the mixed plantings category has been created to cover this type of opportunity. Other paved and built-up sites, such as public plazas and courtyards, low walls, sidewalks, building entrances, etc., can also be beautified by introducing seating along sidewalks surrounded by trees, shrubs and flowers, hanging baskets, and planters. 18

20 The multiple points of view received during the study led us to prioritize certain areas because of their great potential and their high visitation rates. Accordingly, priority should be given to the most visible sites, the sites most often visited, areas of convergence, and sites that have the greatest historical and symbolic significance. In terms of attracting visitors who seek floral displays, Commissioner s Park and Parliament Hill are the top two strategic locations in the Capital. Parliament Hill owes its significance to the symbolic and cultural values of the federal seat of government and to the foot traffic observed at the height of the tourist season. Commissioner s Park benefits from its location near the Central Experimental Farm, the Dominion Arboretum, and the Fletcher Wildlife Garden, as well as the future site of the Botanical Gardens (see map, Vision for the Capital Floral Program: Floral Opportunities and Priorities, next page). 19

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22 8. Development of the Vision 8.1. NCC Staff Vision A number of NCC staff members were given an opportunity to share their personal vision of the floral program for the coming years at a meeting held in Ottawa on October 29, The following is a summary of what was envisioned for the floral program, what it should contain, and what it should represent in the eyes of visitors and area residents. Pride and belonging: NCC staff members unanimously agreed that the floral program should be a source of pride and instil a sense of belonging in all Canadians. The floral program must showcase the cultural wealth and diversity that is the hallmark of Canadian society. Canadians need to see a reflection of themselves in the NCC s floral program, and visitors from around the world should have an appreciation of Canadian diversity and beauty after visiting the floral displays. Sustainable development: The NCC s floral program should also reflect Canada s global conscience and its commitment to promoting sustainable development. Mindful of the environment, the floral program should focus on landscape design and plant material selections that will have the least possible disruptive impact on current ecosystems. It is also an excellent opportunity to showcase expertise in sustainable management e.g. rainwater collection, etc. Aesthetic appeal: The NCC s floral program should offer its various target audiences not only exceptional and original flower varieties, but also floral and spatial designs that will amaze visitors. The floral program must be an absolute pleasure for all five senses. The aesthetic component is therefore crucial to the project. Educational program: The NCC s floral program must also aim to convey educational content for visitors of all ages, such as descriptions of flowers on display, their history, their maintenance, their origin, etc. Intellectual stimulation should be at the heart of NCC floral design. Interactivity: The floral program should not offer only passive viewing by visitors. The NCC should offer interactive features to stimulate visitor learning and amazement. Horticultural tours and lectures, and games for children, should be offered. Memorable experience: In keeping with current tourism trends, the floral program should give all visitors a memorable experience, an experience that will involve them physically, emotionally, and intellectually. A Wow! experience with a variety of themes that will change over the years, encouraging visitors to return in the future and local residents to visit regularly. 21

23 8.2. Key success factors The following factors are essential to the success of the NCC s floral program with both visitors and area residents: Attractiveness: The floral program must have components that will dazzle visitors and become one of the Capital s main attractions. The NCC will need to expend major efforts in communications and promotion. The proposed experience should become a feature product. Innovation: The floral program needs to reinvent itself, to offer new, unusual and innovative elements to the public. The NCC needs to take steps to offer more than a passive viewing experience to visitors; a forward-looking approach is a priority. Symbolism: Through its design, the floral program needs to convey elements that symbolize Canada s history and cultural diversity. Floral arrangements need to convey symbolic content. Visual beauty: The NCC needs to offer an extraordinary floral program that will significantly beautify the National Capital of Canada. Sustainability: The vision for the floral program needs to be expanded by adding sustainable development objectives that will make Ottawa an outstanding attraction on the eco-tourism circuit. Interactivity: The NCC floral program needs to offer interactive and educational activities for visitors to encourage intellectual involvement. Mobilization of regional and national partners: The NCC s success relies on the cooperation and mobilization of a number of organizations and regional and national partners who will contribute their own floral efforts to give the Capital floral program the critical mass it needs to be outstanding. They also need to become partners in the promotion of the floral program to ensure ongoing funding Benefits for visitors It is essential that the NCC s vision for the new floral program convey certain critical values and benefits to visitors: Cultural enrichment of visitors: By visiting an NCC floral display, visitors will learn more about Canada s historic and cultural heritage, including that of its provinces and territories. A sense of national pride: With its new exemplary, avant-gardist, and dazzling designs, rich in cultural content, the NCC s floral program will generate a sense of national pride among Canadians who will readily praise the merits of this attraction. Intellectual stimulation and awareness: Through its educational activities and the goal of promoting sustainable development, the floral program will seek to stimulate visitor 22

24 understanding of environmental issues in the new millennium and to raise their awareness about the richness of our ecosystems. By promoting sustainable horticultural practices, the floral program can hope to have a real influence on the behaviour of visitors. Emotional stimulation and entertainment: Visitors and local residents should have strong and memorable experiences as part of their visit of the floral program; all five senses should be engaged and stimulated by entertaining attractions. 9. Strategic Positioning The National Capital Commission has expressed a desire to rejuvenate and reinvent its floral program over the next 10 years. An analysis and interpretation of the various expectations raised and suggestions made by NCC staff showed that the new NCC floral program cannot remain a brief passive experience for visitors and residents who travel throughout the Capital. Accordingly, the National Capital s floral program must, in the future, strive: To become, by mobilizing the participation of regional and national players, one of the most attractive and innovative floral displays in Canada, thus shaping Canada s Capital Region as a symbol of our heritage. In the future, floral displays will no longer be a mere visual offering to visitors throughout their journey, but rather a well-rounded tourist attraction within the Capital. Accordingly, a vision is needed which will amaze visitors to the nation s Capital. 10. Proposed Vision: The Canada Gardens Following an analysis of broad tourism trends, statistical data on tourism profiles observed in the Capital, and the main NCC recommendations, an overall vision was developed for the National Capital s new floral concept. It is a long-term and mobilizing vision that contains everything needed to become one of the main attractions in the Capital and surrounding area. This vision is called: The Canada Gardens are a group of floral displays that will be established in various strategic areas of the Capital. The Canada Gardens will be a reflection of the unity and the great diversity which characterizes Canada and Canadians from coast to coast to coast. The national concept in this sense is important because it sets out its degree of magnitude. 23

25 In keeping with the NCC s mandate, the Canada Gardens are a way for Canadians to: protect and convey our ideals; express our identity and transmit our symbols; demonstrate our innovative spirit and know-how; protect and share the diversity and scale of our open spaces; show our openness to the world Overall conceptual vision The Canada Gardens concept can be compared to a flower. Like the roots of a flower, the Canada Gardens concept is based on and rooted in the depth of Canadian heritage, enriched by its exceptional historical character and its broad cultural and artistic diversity, as well as by its involvement in the global arena.. Like the stem of a flower, the Canada Gardens concept hinges on and takes form around sustainable development a global issue of primary importance at the dawn of the new millennium. By focussing on sustainable development, the Canada Gardens concept fully endorses environmental responsibility and becomes an exemplary model of eco-tourism. Like the corolla of a flower, the Canada Gardens concept offers a series of experiences that embody the six essential values that all visitors can experience. These values are: beauty: visitors will be dazzled by the splendour of floral arrangements, true works of art created by numerous Canadian floral designers; dreams: the Canada Gardens will offer playful and memorable experiences that will amaze both children and adults; interactivity: with numerous interactive features (workshops, games, performances), visitors will become physically and emotionally involved in the Canada Gardens experience; knowledge: with educational activities, the Canada Gardens will become a place for knowledge-sharing, where visitors can learn more about Canadian history and culture, the origins of certain flowers, and about horticulture in general; awareness: through the presentation of sustainable floral designs and the educational content of the Canada Gardens, visitors will gain a better understanding of broader environmental issues and will be more likely to adjust their day-to-day conduct to preserve the biodiversity of our environment; 24

26 openness to the world: by offering floral gardens designed to reflect cultural diversity within Canada, the Canada Gardens will help visitors discover the rich influences that exist from around the world. Finally, like the soft scent that wafts from a flower, a sense of pride and unity among Canadians will be the fragrance that emanates from the Canada Gardens. The gardens will symbolize Canada s central characteristics and values that is, its unique history, great cultural richness, spirit of openness to the world, and a global conscience. Canadians Sense of Pride and Belonging The Canada Gardens will be a cohesive group of theme-based gardens and floral displays in various strategic areas of the Capital, connected by a floral circuit along strategic streets and pathways that guide visitors in their travels. Multiple horticulture-related activities will be offered to visitors and Canadians; these activities will be held throughout the various venues of the NCC floral program. 25

27 11. Program of Potential Activities The Canada Gardens program of activities will begin in the spring and extend into early fall, with the potential to continue throughout the winter. Because it spans the four seasons, the NCC s potential floral program will comprise mainly: in spring: a variety of spring bulbs, perennials, and flowering trees and shrubs; in summer: annuals, perennials, flowering shrubs; in fall: chrysanthemums, perennials, and fall bulbs; in winter: coloured branches, berries and ornamental grasses Interactive features Interactive features, open to the public, could be offered weekly before and after the high season, and on a daily basis during the months of June, July, and August. Some potential activities include: conferences and guided tours of the gardens; floral displays, scavenger hunts and other games using pathways to search for specific plants, monuments and works of art; national photography competitions featuring various themes such as insects, trees, and people in gardens; an interprovincial garden design competition Outdoor performances A diversity of offerings would be advisable with regard to outdoor performances. The various performances could include dance, theatre, music, and art, all designed to enliven and complement the garden experience. The program of activities should be contextsensitive. The scale and type of the activities should not jeopardize or compromise the peace and tranquility of the gardens, ensuring that they meet the needs of visitors seeking a relaxing environment. 26

28 11.3. Theme-based gardens The theme-based gardens near Parliament Hill and Commissioner s Park could be unveiled in May and opened to the public during the three seasons of the floral program. The following themes are proposed as examples: Canadian Heritage Gardens: These gardens will showcase Canada s cultural diversity by representing the various emblems and symbols of the provinces (flags, coats of arms, official flowers). They will also be places in which historic and cultural heritage are featured (folklore, tales and legends, natural attractions, etc.). The Canada Gardens may be comprised of (1) a garden in which all of the provinces and territories of Canada are represented; (2) a garden in which one province is featured every year; and (3) a permanent garden featuring Aboriginal culture. Garden of Remembrance: A commemorative place that marks important dates in Canada s history. This unique area would represent the passage of time and various eras through floral designs. Secret Gardens: A series of floral gardens that would surprise and dazzle visitors. Creative works, fantasy displays, and multi-sensory effects would delight young and old alike. The Secret Gardens would contain poetic places offering a chance to escape and to dream, designed by renowned Canadian artists. International Gardens: A large area in which the main objective would be to reinforce the environmental, horticultural, and arboricultural node, while educating visitors and teaching them more about sustainable development issues. This garden would showcase the full richness and diversity of flora; visitors would discover the diversity of the world s ecosystems. A wide range of possibilities exists for specific theme-based gardens. A significant effort would be required to integrate public works of art, to commemorate significant events, and to provide a clear interpretation of the gardens and the plants they contain Guided tours Guided tours of the gardens could be organized using key circuits such as the ceremonial route and the parkways. Floral circuits could be designed specifically for a cycling or walking experience. The main waterways such as the Rideau Canal and the Ottawa River could offer a unique perspective for viewing native plants and naturalized bulbs. A brochure highlighting the location of the main gardens in the Capital could serve as a guide for visitors. Guided tours of historic gardens, including Maplelawn, the MacKenzie King Estate, Rideau Hall, and Laurier House could also be developed. Respected garden writers and well-known gardeners could be invited to lead tours of the garden circuits in the Capital. 27

29 An expansive floral carpet depicting Canada could be unveiled on Canada Day. Another potential activity that could be added to the program late in the summer is a fireworks display on Dow s Lake, beside Commissioner s Park. Potential Program of Activities Activities May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Unveiling of circuit Floral parade on the Rideau Canal Tulip Festival International Garden Horticulture workshops Jazz performances Discover scents workshop Blues performances Dance performances Musical performances Theatre Fireworks Special Halloween activity Tulip Festival Historical Garden Canada Gardens Secret Garden Jazz performances Blues performances Unveiling of Floral Carpet of Canada Symphony orchestra performance 28

30 12. Floral Concept The floral concept focuses on linking the two major nodes of the floral vision for the Capital through floral designs that feature native plants as well as shrubs and bulbs in beds interspersed along the length of Rideau Canal corridor. This link, which can be travelled by boat, on foot, by bicycle or vehicle, would create a circuit that showcases the majority of the Capital s gardens. For descriptive purposes, we have divided the National Capital Region into four zones, which include garden groupings that could potentially be part of the same development phase. Zone I: Horticultural and Arboricultural Node - includes Commissioner s Park located along Queen Elizabeth Drive and the Rideau Canal, as well as the gardens of the Central Experimental Farm (CEF). Zone II: South Shore of the Ottawa River - covers Parliament Hill and the southwest shoreline of the Ottawa River, Major s Hill Park, the National Gallery of Canada, and the Rockcliffe Parkway. Zone III: North Shore of the Ottawa River - covers the north shore of the Ottawa River. Zone IV: Other Core Area Sites - an overview of the remaining sites (see map of Capital sites that are part of the overall vision on the next page). 29

31 30

32 12.1. Zone I: Horticultural and Arboricultural Node Creating a significant node A floral vision for the Capital calls for the presence of major floral attractions. Complementary vocations and interests among various sites and the potential for synergy of efforts between potential partners could contribute to achieving this objective. The various components of the horticultural and arboricultural node include: Commissioner s Park (1930s), the National Capital Commission s major floral display sites; the Dominion Arboretum (1889), the Central Experimental Farm s national collection of century-old trees; the Ornamental Gardens (1889), the CEF s horticultural showcase, dating back to the origins of the Farm, with collections of cultivars bred through numerous horticultural research projects; the Fletcher Wildlife Garden (1990), located within the CEF and maintained by the Ottawa Field Naturalists Club, is a demonstration garden for natural habitats and native species; the future botanical garden, on a site that has been identified within the CEF lands. Ornamental Gardens (CEF) 31

33 Ornamental Gardens (CEF) Dominion Arboretum (CEF) Fletcher Wildlife Garden (CEF) A strategic site: HMCS Carleton HMCS Carleton, the Department of National Defence (DND) site at the edge of Dow s Lake (Parks Canada), is surrounded by Commissioner s Park, the Dow s Lake Pavilion, marina, and parking lot (NCC), and the Dominion Arboretum (CEF). Because of its pivotal location, this is a strategic site for the floral program, since it could serve as an important link between Commissioner s Park and other floral sites of the CEF owned by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. The options available include the relocation of the HMCS facility, and working with DND to create a context-sensitive, multi-use facility. Such a facility would provide a better transition between the Dominion Arboretum and Commissioner s Park, as well as training rooms, exhibit and demonstration halls, and an outdoor plaza that could be used for cadet training as well as for horticultural, gardening, and environmental education and events. 32

34 Pavilion/Marina Location of a strategic site between the Central Experimental Farm, Dow s Lake, and Commissioner s Park Commissioner s Park: landscape design potential Commissioner s Park is part of a major recreational and tourist area in the Capital. Each spring 300,000 tulips draw hundreds of thousands of visitors who stroll through this 8.5 hectare site, particularly during the Canadian Tulip Festival. Each summer, tulip beds are replaced with annuals that unfortunately are not as popular as a floral destination. The park also features beautiful mature trees that complement the vast areas of flower beds and lawns. The origins of the tulip displays at Commissioner s Park date back to World War II, when Canada hosted Crown Princess Juliana of the Netherlands between 1940 and After Liberation, Princess Juliana and the Dutch people made a large number of gifts to Canada, including 100,000 tulip bulbs as a way of giving thanks for the role played by Canadian troops in liberating their country and for providing a safe harbour for the royal family in Canada. These tulips were in turn given to the NCC to plant on behalf of the people of Canada. Queen Elizabeth Drive, built in 1927 as the Rideau Canal Driveway, is one of Ottawa s scenic driveways, leading motorists and others to Commissioner s Park from the heart of the city. A recreational pathway, part of the Capital Pathway Network, also travels through this corridor along the Rideau Canal, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. 33

35 Display of naturalized tulips Commissioner s Park: Summary of key recommendations Commissioner s Park can be divided into three main sectors: the Entrance Sector, in northwest area of the park, near the intersection of Queen Elizabeth Drive, Prince of Wales Drive, and Preston Street; the Central Sector, containing the majority of the mature trees and perennial beds; and the Southern Sector, the area of the park containing the oldest flower beds. The erection of a fountain at the entrance to the park is recommended to draw people into the park and encourage them to gather together to observe the animation created by the jets of water and sculptures. The addition of benches would allow people to sit and relax. The entrance to Commissioner s Park leads to an expansive lawn area that could become a major floral attraction because of its size, originality, and novelty. The tulip garden designs at Keukenhof (Netherlands), the Mosaïcultures internationales de Montréal, and the ephemeral gardens that are sprouting in various regions of the world are models that can serve as inspirations in developing this type of attraction. The park s main pathway follows a vegetated buffer of trees and shrubs that could be enhanced by the addition of large 34

36 flower beds of perennials and grasses, interplanted with annuals and bulbs. This main pathway leads to an open area in which the central element is a sculpture entitled Man With Two Hats, which was donated to Canada in 2002 by the people of the Netherlands. This site is clearly visible to motorists driving along Queen Elizabeth Drive. This area should be enhanced by adding flowers and a garden. The central sector of the park is a large area that could be broken down into three subsectors, each of which could play a distinctive role, such as a Children s Garden, small floral meeting areas, and demonstration gardens. Many large trees in this sector are magnificent. These trees offer the possibility of providing sheltered and more intimate spaces for children ranging in age from 3 to 12 years. This playful garden could be created to encourage developmental activities in a setting that features sculptures to stimulate children s imagination and provide opportunities for learning and discovery. For adults, smaller sitting areas immersed within a garden could be designed to encourage the viewing of plants and the discovery of new varieties, or simply to allow people to meditate, dream, or chat. Some demonstration gardens could be added to the sitting areas to show new, more sustainable approaches to beautification. The undergrowth and flower beds created in openings should reflect a more naturalized approach, using bulbs, grasses, and native plants. The southern sector provides an outstanding floral exhibition area which could consist of an intricate arrangement of flower beds featuring spring bulbs, summer annuals, and fall flowers. A Valley of the Flowers could build upon the existing pathway network to provide multiple pathways completely surrounded by flowers, offering a floral immersion experience. Interpretative panels and works of art could be incorporated into these flower beds. Finally, Queen Elizabeth Drive parallels both the length of Commissioner s Park and the Dow s Lake shoreline. This shoreline, which also contains the multi-use recreational pathway, could become more naturalized, thus creating a more natural setting while offering horticultural points of interest. The main access pathways leading to Commissioner s Park could be highlighted with interesting floral displays to emphasize their locations. In short, expansive lawns would increasingly give way to a diversified mix of vegetation that would be more in keeping with current sustainable development approaches Zone II: South shore of the Ottawa River Front lawn of Parliament Hill Parliament Hill poses a particular challenge, because with the exception of existing floral beds, the NCC does not have responsibility for the planning and design of the grounds around the Parliament Buildings. The NCC does, however, maintain these grounds on behalf of Public Works and Government Services Canada. The historic nature of the site, frequent ceremonial activities such as the Changing of the Guard, and festival activities such as 35

37 Canada Day severely limit the types of floral interventions that can be achieved, particularly in front of the Parliament buildings. However, the high visibility of this iconic landscape through television and tourism campaigns calls for a review of the area s floral potential. The development of a floral strategy that takes into account the limitations and importance of this internationally recognized site (through television and post cards, for example) is a very important element of any capital city s floral program. At a minimum, the entrance to the main Parliament building with the Peace Tower as its iconic central focal point, including the small walled-in gardens below the entrance, is in urgent need of beautification. The front flower beds are in need of rejuvenation and expansion to enhance the beauty of the setting and the appearance of the building. The two areas on either side of the entrance could also be enhanced with shrubs or large perennials. Flower beds in front of the Parliament The installation of moveable planters and floral baskets hanging from lamp posts could enhance the floral presence on the front lawn of Parliament Hill. The small central island of turf sloping down to Wellington Street could also be enriched with a more formal, diversified, and attractive floral display featuring more vibrant colours. The masses of crocuses that flower in the spring along the embankment that follows the fence in front of Parliament Hill would be maintained, due to their long history and the role they play embellishing the Wellington Street sidewalk corridor. They are a yearly harbinger of spring in the Capital. 36

38 Landscaping in front of the United States Capitol in Washington Confederation Boulevard Confederation Boulevard is the NCC s flagship urban-development project and the Capital s main ceremonial and discovery route. It is a 7.5 kilometre streetscape linking both provinces and several major national institutions. It is the focus of year-round national celebrations, events, and interpretative programs. Its floral design treatment should receive priority attention. Confederation Boulevard is a high-visibility route, which presents many opportunities to beautify the Capital. Moreover, because it connects numerous federal government buildings, the treatment of open spaces around these buildings could by undertaken in a coordinated manner and in harmony with the overall landscape design of Confederation Boulevard. 37

39 Significance of Confederation Boulevard (orange) to the floral vision Sussex Drive Corridor Many small parks and open spaces exist along this ceremonial drive to the official residence of the Prime Minister and Rideau Hall. The Sussex Drive corridor is home to embassies and official residences, and many of the sites offer magnificent panoramic, elevated views of the Ottawa River. Many of these parks and open spaces are visible from Sussex Drive. They should be inventoried and assessed to determine how the NCC, in partnership with other federal landowners, could develop some theme-based floral designs for this important corridor Promenade of Remembrance Many monuments are found along the elevated pathway that runs along the cliff edge behind the Parliament Buildings, a location that offers spectacular panoramic views of the Ottawa River. A circuit is proposed which would unify and link these national interest sites. Each monument would have its own floral design, which would be incorporated into an overall landscape design that would make this promenade spectacular and very enriching. From the War Memorial in Confederation Square to the statues of former sovereigns and prime ministers within the Parliamentary Precinct to the Canadian War Museum at LeBreton Flats, visitors could discover the history of events and learn more about the people who are part of Canadian history. 38

40 Additional monuments could be added to the circuit to enhance the existing collection, thus increasing the number of points of interest. Some open areas such as those in front of the War Museum, around the approach to the Portage Bridge, and behind the Supreme Court of Canada building lend themselves to story-telling opportunities which would reach out to visitors. Create a link (blue) between the various monuments (yellow stars) along the cliff top in order to enhance viewpoints of the Ottawa River, flower beds of the Parliamentary Precinct and Confederation Boulevard, and the great Canadian floral carpet (red) Front lawn of the Supreme Court of Canada The expansive front lawn of the Supreme Court of Canada should be the site of a major annual or biennial floral event. Inspired by the floral carpet unveiled in Brussels every two years, a massive floral display could be presented here. A large floral carpet would be used to illustrate Canadian legends and symbols through the use of potted flowers to create a spectacular effect. 39

41 Floral carpet at La Grand-Place in Brussels Overview and close-up shot Other sites within the Parliamentary Precinct Area Other areas with beautification potential can be found in the Parliamentary Precinct and its immediate surroundings. Open spaces at LeBreton Flats and around other buildings in the Parliamentary Precinct, such as the Library and Archives of Canada and Supreme Court of Canada buildings, could be landscaped with mixed plantings to enhance the functional dimensions and uses of these areas. Another pathway can be found at the bottom of the cliff along the Ottawa River. This river edge pathway loops around both shores of the Ottawa River by crossing the Portage and Alexandra bridges. It also links to the Ottawa Locks and the rest of the Rideau Canal corridor and is well used by pedestrians and cyclists, especially in the mid-afternoon hours. The pathway is surrounded by manicured strips of lawn and some naturalized vegetation. This area would lend itself to greater naturalization to enhance its natural features and the untamed character of the river. Additional rest areas could be added with benches and concentrations of wild flowers or naturalized bulbs at key focal points. This would further enhance a scenic pedestrian link between the two shores of the Ottawa River Major s Hill Park, Nepean Point, and the National Gallery of Canada The areas surrounding the National Gallery of Canada, including Major s Hill Park, Nepean Point, and the Byward Market courtyards offers great potential for presenting programmed activities and artistic floral designs. These areas would provide ideal opportunities for ephemeral floral displays in the form of, or in concert with, works of art and sculptural elements created by Canadian and international artists. Just as the town of Cahors in France has created a garden circuit (see Appendix VII) to guide visitors in their discovery of the town, its history, and its architectural qualities, small artist s gardens could be created to encourage visitors to dream, satiate their curiosity, discover new places, and enjoy the surprise of their discoveries. The following inspirational photos depict the imagination shown by the creators of the gardens in Cahors, Chaumont, and Paris in France, and in Quebec City during its 400 th anniversary celebrations. 40

42 Garden of the sorceress and dragon, Cahors Small Moorish garden, Cahors Sustainable ephemeral garden, Paris Garden fragments ephemeral garden, Chaumont-sur-Loire 41

43 Visionary vegetable garden, Quebec City Zone III: North shore of the Ottawa River Jacques Cartier Park The size of Jacques Cartier Park offers an opportunity to present Canada s natural landscapes. Landscape designs could include permanent gardens that are representative of the landscapes and cultures of the different provinces and territories. These plantings would showcase various groupings of native plants, not just individual species, as well as various features of Canadian landscapes. In addition to these provincial gardens, a space reserved for an ephemeral theme-based garden could be made available each year to a province or territory, whereby each would be invited to present a legend or story that reflects its cultural uniqueness. Canadian artists could also be invited to take part in these garden designs. Among these landscape designs, an outdoor amphitheatre could host small performances to enliven the garden experience. 42

44 Jacques Cartier Park Gardens of the Museum of Civilization The Museum of Civilization has already started developing gardens that represent Canadian cultural groups. Native plants are used in the gardens in front of the museum, called the Canada Garden. A series of interpretive panels and guided tours are used to explain the characteristics and uses of the native plants by Aboriginal cultures and by Canada s first settlers. Additional gardens around the museum should continue in a similar spirit. Entrance of the Museum of Civilization Front gardens of the Museum of Civilization North shoreline of the Ottawa River The north shoreline of the Ottawa River offers an opportunity for enhancing the existing pathway experience by adding some scenic lookouts with exceptional views of Parliament Hill. The entire length of this pathway could be further naturalized. Small, sporadically placed rest areas could be accented with benches and wild flowers. 43

45 Outstanding views of Parliament Hill from the north shore of the Ottawa River Brewery Creek Further west, Brewery Creek (Ruisseau de la Brasserie) runs through the city of Gatineau and flows into the Ottawa River. It is surrounded by a unique pastoral landscape within an urban setting that would be well suited to the use of sustainable floral design principles which would further enrich the character of the site. Maintaining a natural aesthetic would be a priority for the horticultural design of Brewery Creek. However, intensive ornamental floral accents could also be used to emphasize the architecture of the existing heritage buildings and other elements. Inspiration for this sector could be drawn from the low-maintenance floral beds created by landscape designers at Hermannshof Park in Germany and by Piet Oudolf, a leading figure in the development of a more naturalized approach to gardening with perennials. Flower beds by C. Schmidt (left) and P. Oudolf (right), Hermannshof Park 44

46 The landscape of Brewery Creek Brewery Creek 45

47 12.4 Zone IV: Other Core Area Sites Entrances to bridges The intersections at each end of the interprovincial bridges within the Capital are highly visible sites that need a greater floral presence, due to their important role as gateways to and from the Capital. It would be appropriate to highlight these bridge entrances by planting more naturalized bulbs and other floral displays. They could also offer a preview of the larger floral displays in the city and could be used as a means to publicize floral festivals. Entrance to the Alexandra Bridge on Laurier Street, north shore of the Ottawa River Entrance to the Alexandra Bridge, south shore of the Ottawa River 46

48 River Walk and Islands Pathways along both shores of the Ottawa River provide pedestrians with a river-edge walking loop, crossing the river via the Alexandra and Portage bridges. It is envisioned that the entire shoreline, including the many small islands on either side the Portage Bridge, could become more naturalized, with the addition of more flowering native shrubs and perennials. View of the Ottawa River islands Ottawa River Parkway Ottawa River Parkway, Rockcliffe Parkway, and Leamy Lake Parkway The pastoral parks and open spaces of these parkways, which wind along the Ottawa and Gatineau Rivers, contribute significantly to the image of the Capital. These parkway corridors offer opportunities for further naturalization, including an increase in the use of naturalized bulb plantings, as well as more native flowering trees, shrubs and wildflowers. Views of the shorelines, as seen from a canoe or other watercraft, would be a wonderful way to discover naturalized floral displays growing along the Capital s parkway corridors. View of the Rockcliffe Parkway Private grounds and public boulevards Such a grand floral vision for the Capital could not be fully achieved without the involvement of many private and public partners. The involvement of the many national museums and federal government office buildings, particularly those along Confederation Boulevard, is critical to the success of the proposed floral program. 47

49 Although some hotels and restaurants make a real effort at floral beautification, many more do not. Several downtown business areas have been identified as key areas requiring additional support in realizing an enhanced floral program. These areas include: Visitors area no. 1: The area in the city of Gatineau that is defined by Laurier, St. Laurent, Montcalm, and Alexandre Taché Streets contains many hotels and restaurants, as well as the public lands around the two major federal government employment complexes of Place du Portage and Terrasses de la Chaudière. Visitors area no. 2: The area in the city of Ottawa that is defined by Bronson, Laurier, Elgin, and Wellington Streets, in which a number of open spaces, hotels, restaurants, and office buildings have architectural features and urban components that offer potential for enhancement through floral displays. Visitors area no. 3: The Byward Market tourist area in Ottawa, with its streets lined by outdoor restaurant patios. The major convergence site centred on Confederation Square includes the National Arts Centre, the Conference Centre, the historic Fairmont Château Laurier Hotel, the municipal Sparks Street Mall, the Westin Hotel, as well as the future convention centre. All contain spaces that could be beautified with floral displays. Finally, a number of key intersections of municipal roadways and provincial highways act as major approaches to the Capital, and as such are highly visible and offer unique opportunities to showcase the city s beauty; they are often the first impression forms by visitors upon arrival. Collaborative efforts with the cities of Ottawa and Gatineau, as well as the Ontario and Quebec provincial ministries of transportation, will be required to foster an improvement in the transitions and links at these key intersections. 48

50 Intersection of Saint-Laurent and Laurier Streets Entrance to Gatineau City Hall Maisonneuve Boulevard Place du Portage (Phase III)Potential Par 49

51 13. Potential Partners A great opportunity exists for cooperation with various organizations, such as Parks Canada, Friends of the Central Experimental Farm, the Fletcher Wildlife Garden, and the Ottawa Botanical Garden Society, given the physical location of their interests within the horticultural and arboricultural node. Meaningful partnerships could be fostered, generating a beneficial synergy for the floral vision. The successful development of the new vision for the floral program relies in large part on the mobilization and involvement of a broad range of partners within the National Capital Region to give the program the critical mass it needs to be truly successful. Consequently, the National Capital Commission needs to begin identifying the various local, regional, and national stakeholders (organizations, associations, etc.) who are prepared to invest time and/or funds in implementing and promoting the Canada Gardens. A preliminary list of potential partners of interest in the cities of Ottawa and Gatineau has already been put together. 50

52 Potential partners by sector: public, private, and non-governmental and volunteer organizations Public sector Central Experimental Farm / Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Parks Canada Rideau Canal Public Works and Government Services Canada Department of National Defence City of Ottawa City of Gatineau Museums and galleries Federal government offices Provincial government offices Examples of floral designs around public buildings 51

53 Private sector Hotels Restaurants Casino du Lac-Leamy Corporations Chambers of commerce Examples of floral design around commercial sites (private sector) 52

54 Non-governmental and volunteer Organizations Friends of the Central Experimental Farm Fletcher Wildlife Garden Ottawa Botanical Garden Society Tourism promotion groups Horticultural groups and societies Arts groups Schools, colleges, educational groups Church groups Residential property owners Examples of floral design by different non-governmental organizations 53

55 Appendices I

56 Appendix I: Substantial increase in nature watchers 3 Over the last two years, 30.7% (7,605,527) of adult Canadians took part in nature-watching activities while on out-of-town, overnight trips of one or more nights. Nature watching was the second most common outdoor activity undertaken by Canadian pleasure travelers. Visiting a nature park (22.8%) was the most popular activity, followed by viewing land-based animals (10.4%), whales and other marine life (8.4%), and wildflowers and flora (7.7%). Relative to the average Canadian pleasure traveler, nature watchers are slightly more likely to be female (52.9%), 25 to 54 years old, and married with dependent children living at home. They are more likely to have a university education and their household income is close to that of the average Canadian pleasure traveler ($74,554). Nature watchers frequently travel within Canada (97.9%) and were more likely than the average Canadian pleasure traveler to have taken trips to other provinces or regions in the past two years. Nature watchers were more likely to have taken part in outdoor activities when on trips than the typical Canadian pleasure traveler, and especially in nature-oriented activities (e.g., hiking, climbing, paddling, cycling, cross-country skiing, snowshoeing, and wilderness activities). Nature watchers were also very active in cultural and entertainment activities when traveling, and were particularly likely to have patronized educational attractions (e.g., historical sites, museums and galleries, science and technology exhibits, Aboriginal cultural experiences). Relative to other Canadian pleasure travelers, nature watchers seek vacations that are intellectually stimulating, novel, and memorable. Nature watchers were more likely than average to use the Internet to plan (69.2%) and book travel (44.9%). They were particularly likely to use official tourism information sources (e.g., brochures and guidebooks, visitor information centres, websites) to plan trips. Thus they can be most effectively targeted through travel, nature, and home-related media. 3 Canadian Tourism Commission, Canadian Activity Profile : Nature Watching While on Trips, 2006 II

57 Appendix II: Ottawa, a Capital destination 1. Overall tourist profile 4 In 2007, Ottawa recorded approximately 7,828,000 person-visits (visitors and tourists); more than half (55%) of these visits involved an overnight stay in the region. Although tourist numbers have remained relatively stable in recent years, there has been a slight overall decrease in tourist numbers across the region since More than 89% of all visitors are Canadian, with 6% from the United States and 5% from other countries. For all trips that included an overnight stay, the main reasons for travelling to Ottawa are as follows: pleasure travel (35%); visiting friends/family (42%); business (16%). The most popular activities with overnight visitors are: visiting friends/family (65%), shopping (48%), visiting tourist destinations (40%), sports and outdoor activities (26%), nightlife (23%), visiting museums and art galleries (22%), visiting historic sites (21%), visiting national and provincial nature parks (13%). The most popular annual events are Canada Day, the Tulip Festival, the Ottawa Jazz Festival, Ottawa BluesFest.The Byward Market is also an major attraction. It is worth noting that the Tulip Festival drew over one million visitors in Approximately 90% of visitors are accompanied exclusively by other adults; very few (10%) travel with children aged 15 and under. On average, Ottawa tourists travel in groups of two people. Together, these numbers suggest that Ottawa is not a popular destination for young families. The average age of visitors is 39, with all age groups distributed as follows: 15 and under: 11%; years: 14%; years: 16%; years: 35%; 55 and over: 22%. In 2007, 5 all visitors (all trips included, with or without overnight stay) spent over $1.33 billion in Ottawa an average of $170 per person per day. The breakdown of tourist expenditures by category was as follows: 4 Tourism Ottawa, Tourism Performance, 2007 III

58 restaurants and food: 35%; lodging: 28%; transportation: 16%; shopping: 13%; recreation and entertainment: 8%. 2. International visitors 6 While Ottawa tourist numbers have remained relatively stable, it is important to note that there has been a considerable decrease in international visitors. Between 2001 and 2006, the number of tourists from aboard dropped by 21%, from 1,083,540 to 854,467. This decline is largely accounted for by the significant drop in the number of American tourists, which fell by 31% during that time. The drop in the number of American tourists was more significant in Ottawa than in other Canadian cities. For instance, Montréal experienced a decrease of 20% in the same period. As for the number of tourists from other countries, it decreased by 8% between 2001 and A full 70% of international tourists spent at least one night in Ottawa, a proportion that is significantly higher than for all tourist categories combined. The most popular activities among international visitors spending at least one night in Ottawa were as follows: shopping (75%), sightseeing (73%), visiting historic sites (56%), visiting friends/family (53%), visiting museums and art galleries (47%), visiting national parks (42%), nightlife (27%), outdoor sports and activities (27%), visiting botanical gardens (23%), attending cultural events (15%). 5 6 Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Ottawa Tourism Profiles, 2008 Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Ottawa Tourism Profiles, 2008 IV

59 The spending patterns and distribution of international tourists to Ottawa were generally comparable to the average for all tourists combined. 3. Conclusions When all the data are considered together, some general conclusions can be drawn about tourism in Ottawa. First, the vast majority of tourists are Canadian, and most of them come to Ottawa primarily to visit friends and family or for pleasure travel. Most Ottawa tourists are couples in the 35-to-60 age group. For the most part, they visit the city s main tourist destinations and spend some time shopping. According to the RÉMI (Regroupement des Événements Majeurs Internationaux, the association of major Quebec-based festivals), the majority of tourists who visit Ottawa seek tourist destinations and attractions that are highlighted by the major tourist information providers (Tourism Canada, tourist information centres, etc.). Clearly, tourist venues must be included in the City of Ottawa s official tourism promotion in order to attract visitors. V

60 4. Tourism performance compared to other Canadian destinations ( ) 7 a) Person-visits; b) Total expenditures; c) Average spending by Canadian tourists compared to other major Canadian cities (M = millions of dollars) Quebec a) b) c) Toronto a) b) c) Montréal a) b) c) Vancouver a) b) c) Ottawa a) b) c) Halifax a) b) c) Canada a) b) c) Observations 5,496,000 $1,511 M $ ,990,000 $3,622 M $ ,711,000 $2,526 M $ ,672,000 $2,400 M $ ,243,000 $1,128 M $ ,001,000 $589 M $ ,553,000 $33,303 M $ ,076,000 $1,373 M $ ,869,000 $3,141 M $ ,900,000 $2,133 M $ ,031,000 $2,251 M $ ,014,000 $1,016 M $ ,810,000 $583 M $ ,219,000 $29,727 M $ ,250,000 $1,478 M $ ,848,000 $3,541 M $ ,339,000 $2,426 M $ ,248,000 $2,538 M $ ,000 $989 M $ ,783,000 $580 M $ ,050,000 $32,413 M $ Similar to most other cities, record year in 2002 followed by a difficult Improvement since Lower tourist expenditures than the Canadian average attributed to shorter average length of stay. Just under 10 million visitors per year. Average expenditures higher than Quebec City, but trending lower from 2002 to In 2004, 39% more visitors than Quebec City, with total tourist expenditures 64% higher, thanks to much higher average daily expenditures. However, this gap shrank from 2002 to Significant increase in average expenditures offsetting a sharp decrease in person-visits. Similar to Quebec City in number of person-visits, but much higher average expenditures, given the highest average length of stay in Canada. Loss of momentum in with a steady decrease in visitation and average expenditures. Steady decrease in visitation in but increase in average expenditures. As a result, total yearly expenditures remained constant in the $580 million range. Overall tourist visitation kept above 100 million per year, average daily expenditures in the $300 per day range. 7 Canadian Tourism Commission, Tourism Performance, 2005 VI

61 Appendix III: The Outaouais, a region of repeat visitors 8 In 2006, the Outaouais region recorded over 2.08 million person-visits: 72% of visitors were from the region, 24% from the rest of Canada, and 4% from the United States and other countries. Half (50%) of these visitors come to the Outaouais for rest and relaxation, 15% to discover the region (landscapes, flora, fauna), and 10% because of its proximity to Ottawa. From a demographic standpoint, the average age of tourists to the Outaouais (48) is higher than that of the typical Ottawa tourist. The breakdown by age group is as follows: years: 5.9%; years: 13%; years: 21.2%; years: 27.8%; years: 19.9%; 65 and over: 10.7%. The age bracket includes almost 70% of the region s tourist clientele. It is worth noting that Canadian tourists, excluding those from Quebec, are younger than the average, while Americans visiting the region are older than the average. On average, visitors to the region are highly educated: indeed, more than 40% have a university degree. However, visitors whose activities include camping have, on average, a lower level of education. In terms of occupational status, the mostly highly represented employment categories are, in order of importance, professionals, retirees, self-employed workers, and white-collar workers. Over 62% of stays are shorter (1-2 nights), while 11% of visitors stay one week or longer. The length of stay tends to increase with the age of the visitors. It is also worth noting that during their stay, more than 50% of visitors to the Outaouais visit Ottawa for at least half a day. This provides very clear evidence of Ottawa s strong drawing power across the region. As to travel types, the vast majority of Outaouais tourists (90%) prefer self-directed travel, while 10% use organized tours. Most organized tour users are from outside the region (rest of Canada or United States). In terms of group size, 44% of tourists travel in pairs, while 37% are in groups of two or three. One-quarter of all groups included one or more young persons (18 and under). 8 Tourisme Outaouais, Étude clientèles touristiques, 2004 VII

62 Over 60% of visitors had previously visited the Outaouais region; moreover, 11% of all tourists had visited the region 10 times or more in the previous five years. These visitors are obviously well acquainted with the Outaouais. According to Tourisme Outaouais, the most popular tourist destinations, activities, and events in the region are as follows: Casino du Lac-Leamy; Canadian Museum of Civilization; Parliament Hill; Château Montebello; Gatineau Park and Park Omega; Gatineau Hot-Air Balloon Festival; Casino du Lac-Leamy Fireworks Competition. This list confirms that visitors to the Outaouais region also visit attractions in Ottawa, taking advantage of the proximity of Canada s Capital. On average, visitors spend $916 on a three-night stay in the region. However, tourists from the rest of Canada and overseas usually spend more for a comparable length of stay. VIII

63 Appendix IV: Two tourist experience scenarios Every person visiting the Canada Gardens will experience its different offerings in their own way. The following pages provide a brief description of typical visits by tourists representing two key market segments: a family from St-Jérôme visiting grandparents in Ottawa; two women from Calgary touring through Eastern Canada. 1. A family from St-Jérôme: an intergenerational gathering in Ottawa The summer holidays are just under way, and the Beaulieu family from St-Jérôme intend to make the most of their time together. Pierre, Hélène, and their son Sébastien decide to start with a two-day road trip to visit Pierre s parents, who moved to Ottawa five years ago. They arrive in the nation s capital in late morning; as always, the family reunion is filled with warmth and emotion. It is a perfect sunny day, and they plan to enjoy it to the utmost. The grandparents suggest a picnic and an afternoon at the Canada Gardens, Ottawa s spectacular new floral attraction. Like any other eight year-old, little Sébastien is not too excited about spending half a day looking at flowers, but his grandfather, with a wink, whispers in his ear: You won t regret it, I promise! Upon arriving at a large garden with breathtaking arrays of flower beds in every direction, the family chooses a quiet picnic spot in the shade. Hélène is immediately enthralled by the site s charming and peaceful atmosphere; despite the large number of visitors around them, it was quite easy to find a quiet, secluded area. Wolfing down his meal, little Sébastien is ready for action. Knowing this would happen, Pierre brought a ball and two baseball gloves. They find a nice out-of-the way spot on the expansive lawns nearby, and casually toss the ball back and forth for a few minutes. Once everyone has finished eating, the grandparents go through the Canada Gardens list of attractions, and the choices are quickly made. The ladies will look at the flower beds and then attend a short horticulture workshop given by a well-known Canadian gardening expert (the grandmother reserved two places the night before, just in case), while the men will go over to Parliament Hill to see the theme gardens. Hélène and her mother-in-law casually walk along the pathways lined with so many annual plantings and floral sculptures; they are spellbound by the sight of this Garden of Eden in the heart of Ottawa. As if by magic, soft ambient music seems to emanate from the surrounding trees and flower beds; Hélène thinks to herself, These Canada Gardens are a feast for the eyes and for the ears as well. Arm in arm, mother and daughter-in-law spend precious moments contemplating the wide variety of flowers and learning about their origin and key characteristics. If at all possible, their experience on this warm, late-june afternoon has brought them closer together than ever before. Slowly they amble toward the main tent, just in time for the start of the horticulture workshop. A dozen or so gardening enthusiasts gather around. Our two visitors instantly connect with Nancy, the workshop facilitator: her enthusiasm and love for all things floral are contagious. She talks about the latest trends in floral displays and sustainable gardening. Nancy gives them excellent tips IX

64 and advice on water conservation and alternatives to herbicides, in keeping with the Canada Gardens sustainability mandate. Hélène realizes that her current gardening practices are not quite eco-friendly. A valuable learning experience During that time, the men have joined the quiet flow of tourists walking along the Rideau Canal towards Parliament Hill. The canal is lined with hundreds of floral plantings and a gentle mix of fragrances fills the air. Suddenly, running to the edge of the canal, Sébastien exclaims: Dad, Granddad, look! There are even flowers on the water! Indeed, a flotilla of rowboats laden with colourful displays of flowers is winding its way down the canal. A fantastic aquatic parade unfolds before their eyes, lasting over 15 minutes. Upon arriving at Parliament Hill, the Beaulieu men are stopped in their tracks by the immense floral carpet representing Canada in its entirety, framed by the two oceans. It is a sight to behold! All three wonder how long it must have taken to create this floral masterpiece. They then walk to the Garden of Remembrance, which provides a window onto Canada s rich history. At the entrance to the Garden of Remembrance, Pierre and Sébastien are handed a Canada Gardens ipod with an audio guide to the theme gardens. Father and son are deeply moved by the monuments depicting key events in Canadian history. Pierre is particularly impressed by the sailing vessel used by Jacques Cartier as he explored Canada s uncharted shores in 1534, while his father stands in silent emotion before the monument to the soldiers who fought for Canada in the Second World War. Later, grandfather, father, and son walk to Jacques Cartier Park, where they study the details of each province s floral emblem. Sébastien runs to the theme area, where each year a different province is featured. This year, the featured province is British Columbia. Sébastien admires the floral sculptures in the shape of legendary characters from the folklore of Western Canada. Reading an information panel, he learns that the tallest trees in British Columbia, the sequoia, can grow to a height of 85 meters. Later in the afternoon, the entire family meets up on Parliament Hill and heads off for icecream and their final destination of the day: the Secret Gardens, close to the By Ward Market. As they walk through these magical gardens where dreams and fantasy coexist, the Beaulieu family is surrounded by startling sound effects, floral sculptures in the shape of animals and fictional creatures, surprising water jets, which together create an atmosphere of mystery and wonder. Sébastien finds the entrance to the hedge-lined labyrinth and can barely wait for his father to catch up so they can go through it together. After leaving the Secret Gardens, the entire family agrees that this has been a wonderful day. As they head home for supper, Sébastien asks his parents: When are we going back to the Secret Gardens, I love it there! Not bad for a boy who didn t want to spend the day looking at flowers! X

65 2. Calgarians arrive in Ottawa! Britney and Judy have been friends since their university days. The years have passed, and the two women have taken different paths: Britney still teaches natural sciences at the University of Calgary, while Judy has just retired after a career as a municipal councillor. Despite their different lives and careers, the two friends make a point of spending time together twice a year. This year, Britney came up with a different idea for their August vacation a two-week trip to Eastern Canada. The timing is perfect for Judy and a few days later, the two women fly to Halifax. After visiting Halifax and Montréal, Britney wants to stop in Ottawa before returning home, because she has heard about the city s new floral attraction the Canada Gardens. It s an innovative floral concept focusing on sustainable practices, a subject near and dear to Britney as a long-time environmentalist. Judy, who likes to go-with-the-flow, is easily persuaded by her friend. After the bus trip to Ottawa, the two friends dine in a small restaurant near Parliament Hill. At the entrance of the restaurant are two beautiful floral arrangements advertising the Canada Gardens. Judy realizes that the Gardens are a major attraction. After lunch, the two friends to go to Commissioner s Park, where there is an impressive sustainable garden a garden designed entirely with the environment in mind. Once inside the garden, Britney is struck by how simple it would be to transform any garden so that it is both environmentally sound and aesthetically pleasing. While Britney asks an onsite expert a few questions on the process for rain water recovery, Judy wanders through the many charming flower beds near Dow's Lake before sitting on a bench to read her book. She reflects on how relaxing reading is in the midst of nature. For a few minutes, Judy closes his eyes and enjoys the peaceful atmosphere. The two friends meet later at the entrance of Commissioners Park and notice a tent where about 20 people have gathered. Intrigued, Britney and Judy approach the tent and read the inscription: Discover Floral Aromas. After chatting with a woman at the entrance, they learn that this is a special weekly program which, like wine tastings, invites people to discover new native and exotic floral scents. They are in luck as there is room for them in the program today! The two friends buy their tickets and take a spot in the tent. What a splendid workshop! The facilitators explain in detail the peculiarities and intricacies of each fragrance and olfactory tasting via smell. Judy and Britney are thrilled with this educational and entertaining activity. At the end of the program, Britney asks the ticket lady if there are other special programs in the Canada Gardens, and she replies that tonight there is an outdoor classical dance performance. As a fan of the performing arts, Judy is delighted! In the evening, the two friends walk to the dance area which is a large open stage decorated with many flowers. Dancing among beautiful flowers! Throughout the show, the two women are taken by the beautiful choreography, music which seems to come from everywhere, and lighting that gives the evening a magical ambience. XI

66 At the end of the evening, on the way back to their hotel, Britney and Judy, still inspired by the dance performance, notice that many shops and hotels in the city are decorated with beautiful floral arrangements. A capital in bloom, they exclaim with a laugh! Once back in Calgary the two friends have fond memories of their trip and continue to share their wonderful experience in the Gardens of Canada with many friends and relatives. XII

67 Appendix V: Summary description of floral opportunities in Commissioner s Park 1. Entrance Sector Park Entrance The main entrance to Commissioner s Park is at the intersection of Queen Elizabeth Drive, Prince of Wales Drive, and Preston Street. It is just across from the Dow s Lake Pavilion and marina and at an angle with a property owned by the Department of National Defence. The existing entrance feature is a small, flagpole-defined plaza which serves as the starting point for the main walking path which that through the park s extensive flower beds. In springtime, visitors walk along this pathway to enjoy the spectacular tulip displays which peak during the Ottawa Tulip Festival, while in the summer visitors are treated to a wide and colourful array of annuals. MAIN ENTRANCE DOW S LAKE Potential location of the main entrance to Commissioner s Park XIII

68 Existing Commissioner s Park entrance plaza Given its location at the intersection of several important roadways and the paved plaza, the existing entrance is well suited as a meeting and gathering place. Possible site enhancements could include a large fountain, a major work of landscape art with water and light features to further draw the attention of visitors. This meeting place could also include more benches to allow people to relax and enjoy the fountain. The drawing power of a fountain: Fontaine de Tourny, Québec City Contemporary illuminated fountain created by Charles Daudelin, Québec Annual Thematic Floral Area A large lawn area would be the first major feature encountered upon commencing the journey through Commissioner s Park. This area could include a major floral attraction to surprise and impress visitors, and encourage them to further enter the park and discover its spectacular floral displays. XIV

69 Existing lawn area near the entrance to Commissioner s Park Each year, this lawn area could feature a new floral display based on historical events or themes of universal interest. Given its large size, original themes, and constant renewal, the thematic floral area would likely become one of the park s main attractions. The photos which follow provide examples of some themes explored in recent floral events in Europe, Asia, and North America. Floral display illustrating the universally recognized Olympic Rings, in celebration of the 2008 Olympic Games, Keukenhof (2008) XV

70 Partial view of a floral mosaic depicting a Chinese dragon, Keukenhof (2008) Floral display with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Shanghai (2007) XVI

71 Earth Mother, an Aboriginal legend, Montréal Mosaïcultures (2003) XVII

72 The Main Path The main pathway through the Entrance Sector winds its way along the park s northern edge. The existing tulip and annual beds, as well as the tree and shrub buffer between the pathway and Carling Avenue, could be better defined and strengthened with additional flowering shrubs, perennials, and ornamental grasses. Photos of displays from Wisley Garden in England and the Plains of Abraham in Québec provide fine examples of the successful use of such mixed planting beds. Existing long, sweeping floral beds along the main path, Commissioner s Park Large mixed flower and shrub bed, Plains of Abraham, Québec XVIII

73 Perennial bed in Jeanne d Arc Garden, Plains of Abraham, Québec Le jardin de Wisley Aout 2008 Mixed bed of perennials and grasses, Wisley Park, England XIX

74 To make a walk through Commissioner s Park even more appealing and add a new dimension to the experience, it is recommend that some smaller, ribbon-shaped flower beds be planted, crisscrossing the main path at key locations. This would strengthen the linkages between the two sides of the path and give visitors the impression of walking through a ribbon of flowers, as if the flowers were trying to get closer, to be seen and observed in their every detail. Multi-coloured plant bed with a mix of a wide variety of flowers, Paris Floral Park Example (from Keukenhof) of a dynamic ribbon of flowers which could be made to crisscross the main path for the enjoyment of pedestrians XX

75 The Man With Two Hats The main pathway in the Entrance Sector opens onto the location of a sculpture called The Man with Two Hats, a monument donated to Canada by the people of the Netherlands in 2002 to mark the liberation of their country by Canadian troops during the Second World War. Setting of The Man With Two Hats, which can be seen from Queen Elizabeth Drive The immediate surroundings of the sculpture are quite bare. The site, which is clearly visible to drivers traveling along Queen Elizabeth Drive, lends itself well to a horticultural treatment that would contribute to XXI

76 A small garden feature could assist in better integrating this work of art into the floral park. The following images provide examples of plantings designed to complement monuments and works of art commemorating historical figures. Customized garden designs surrounding monuments to historical figures: top, left and right, Québec; bottom, Saint-Omer, France XXII

77 2. Central Sector The Central Sector landscape design concept could include three distinct spaces, each with a specific function: a children s garden, floral meeting places, and demonstration gardens (see plan below). CENTRAL SECTOR DOW S LAKE Commissioner s Park Central Sector floral development potential XXIII

78 Grassy glades among mature trees The central portion of the park is an area of remarkable beauty with many large majestic trees. Areas of variable shade offer an interesting opportunity for the massing of understorey plants, perhaps featuring native forest wildflowers. During the Tulip Festival, this area would be an excellent location for large tents with food services and artisans, as well as animation displays. New perennial beds with interplanted flowers and bulbs could also be added. Pathway winding through a glade of magnificent mature trees, Commissioner s Park Mature trees offer interesting floral design opportunities, Commissioner s Park XXIV

79 Children s Garden A children s garden could be aimed at families and school children in the 3-to-12 age group. It could consist of a series of small spaces, each telling its own story while providing opportunities for learning and play. For example, an area could include a maze of tall plants containing hanging, double-sided interpretation panels with questions related to the natural sciences and vegetation on one side, and the answers on the other. Another area could include innovative, unusual-shaped climbing structures. A great deal of attention should be paid to the overall aesthetic of the children s garden in order to appeal to children s sense of magic and wonder. The judicious use of vegetation would ensure seamless integration with the surrounding areas of the park. The following images show different ways to enhance the educational and play value of floral parks. Children s play area with whirligigs and plant features; created by Anne-Marie Arbefeuille, Parc de Chaumont, France Le labyrinthe des graminées Yves Gosse de Gorre Maze of tall grasses, a perfect place to play hide-and-seek; created by Yves Gosse de Gorre, France XXV

80 Works of art for children: Forest on the Run; Puss n Boots Boots; Chicken Little s Trail XXVI

81 A place where dreams come true: The Fairy Tale Garden, Château de Rivau, France Outdoor mechanized educational games A children s garden, Hamilton, Ontario XXVII

82 Floral Meeting Places: areas of interpretation and relaxation Located in the centre of the park, this area could be dedicated to the interpretation of floral history, botany, plant genetics, etc. Designed as a circular space, it would feature floral exhibits with interpretation panels. It could become a gathering and meeting place for quiet reflection and conversation. Rows of park benches facing the flower beds would encourage observation, meditation, day-dreaming, and conversation. Rest area in a public garden, Istanbul, Turkey XXVIII

83 Demonstration Gardens Between three and five multi-purpose areas could be developed to demonstrate innovative beautification methods. This could include new flower bed designs for home gardens, new species and varieties of flowers, sustainable gardening techniques, low water gardens, rain gardens, gardens with only perennials and grasses, flower carpets, flower boxes, etc. The following images provide some examples of demonstration gardens. Rectangular garden creating an intimate picnic area Use of flower pots as borders Resting spot surrounded by tulips Whimsical floral ottomans Paths and lawns The existing pathways winding through this area of the park should be kept in their present location, as much as possible. The children s garden could use the existing lawn areas shaded by mature trees. The base of the tree trunks could be protected by lowmaintenance, trample-resistant ground covers, shrubs, and grasses. In springtime, the low traffic areas around the trees could be planted with naturalized bulbs. The following images provide examples of existing designs reflecting these ideas. XXIX

84 Wooded area naturalized with daffodils, Rockcliffe Rockeries, Ottawa Lawn area naturalized with bulbs and grasses, Hermannshof, Germany Carpets of mixed grasses replacing manicured lawns at the base of trees, Hermannshof, Germany XXX

85 3. Southern Sector SOUTH SECTOR DOW S LAKE Potential improvements to the Southern Sector of Commissioner s Park Flower beds in the Southern Sector of Commissioner s Park In the Southern Sector of Commissioner s Park, the majority of plant beds are concentrated along the eastern edge of the park. They include large masses of tulips in the spring, XXXI

86 followed by beds of annuals during the summer months. The Southern Sector is long and narrow in shape. A major pathway follows the eastern edge of the sector, winding past beds of tulips and annuals set back from the pathway. Many of these flower beds have been in existence since the 1940s, when they were used to display the original gift of tulips from the people of the Netherlands, and therefore would be a priority for preservation given their historic significance. In addition, a few more recent flower beds located on the western edge of the sector add a sense of balance to the composition. The existing southern entrance to Commissioner s Park is located near a residential area Valley of the Flowers In the southernmost area of the park, the development of a veritable valley of flowers is proposed to offer visitors a unique, intimate floral experience. The proposed design recommends developing a tight and extensive network of narrow paths which would enable visitors to walk right up against the flower beds. This experience could be further enhanced by interpretation panels and works of art within the plant beds. XXXII

87 Beds of annuals, Québec Zoological Garden Pathway immersed in flowers, Paris Floral Park Queen Elizabeth Drive and Rideau Canal Queen Elizabeth Drive runs parallel to the western edge of the Rideau Canal. It is a lowspeed roadway that winds through a scenic pastoral landscape with extensive manicured lawns, mature trees, and numerous flower beds along its length. It is the official sightseeing route used by guided tours during the Tulip Festival. In addition, a multi-use recreational pathway runs between the parkway and the canal. It is used extensively for walking, cycling, and jogging. XXXIII

88 The revised landscape design along the edge of Commissioner s Park could place an increased focus on vehicular and tour-guided viewing experiences, notably by developing new points of interest aimed at parkway users. A total of five such points of interest could be located on an axis with major cross streets, as well as in other focal points, accommodating major sculptures, fountains, or large floral mosaics. Potential location of points of interest along Queen Elizabeth Drive The proposed landscape design aims to reduce the amount of manicured lawn areas within the parkway corridor. The majority of these lawn areas could be replaced by masses of shrubs and ground covers. In the area between the parkway and Commissioner s Park, a soft, natural hedgerow would create a greater sense of intimacy within the Valley of the Flowers and also assist in delineating and emphasizing the points of interest at key intersections, the idea being that multicolour floral displays would contrast beautifully against the backdrop created by a soft hedge of shrubs and perennials. On the canal side of the parkway, the design could have more of a pastoral feel, with a mix of shrubs, perennials, and grasses, with an emphasis on a high proportion of native species. Rest areas with benches framed by pockets of flowers could be developed at selected locations along the multi-purpose pathway, right up to Laurier Avenue. XXXIV

89 Proposed landscape design along the Seine, in Paris Two examples of natural, low-maintenance wildflower planting beds, Hermannshof, Germany Rideau Canal Locks The Rideau Canal and its locks have been designated as a Unesco World Heritage Site. The canal system is rich in heritage value and historical significance. This special status requires that the NCC work in close cooperation with Parks Canada on any proposed modifications to the corridor landscape. Parks Canada has already provided some good guidance through its 2005 Master Plan for the Rideau Canal. Landscape designs with a natural focus would resonate well with the Parks Canada vision for the area. Other potential enhancements could include nighttime illumination of the locks, especially the Ottawa Lock, located next to Parliament Hill. XXXV

90 Illumination of a lock structure, Canal Saint-Martin, Paris XXXVI

91 Appendix VI: Variable Management Variable management is a key component of sustainable development. Floral maintenance practices would be primarily based on the intended function of a particular landscape design or installation. Variable management marks an important step in the evolution of horticultural practices as it incorporates environmental considerations in every aspect of greenspace management. It promotes the sound management of a city s environmental resources by establishing clear and specific objectives and by taking human resources into account. It results in the creation of new types of greenspaces, better suited to the many functions they are expected to fulfill in today s world. 9 According to the principles of variable management, not all greenspaces are to be subjected to the same intensity of use, nor do they receive the same level of care and maintenance. For example, all lawn areas need not be subjected to the same mowing schedule. Specific aspects of variable management consist of: Establishing a balance between horticulture and nature, between cultivated and native: o Fewer classic lawn areas, less mowing, more growth = floral meadows Implementing less-intensive approaches and techniques: o o o o Reduce the use of fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides Re-use of pruning and clearing debris and grass cuttings Use less-intensive tree-pruning practices Protect tree root systems Achieving better results from an aesthetic perspective o o By adding flowers, lawn areas become less uniform, creating a more varied landscape In some areas, replace lawns with wildflower meadows Limit the use of fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides, through: o o o Overseeding Flame weed control Planting shade and drought resistant grasses under trees Innovative shoreline protection o Use of natural stone treatments 9 Mission gestion différenciée Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Gestion differenciee.org. XXXVII

92 o Shoreline retention with biodegrable geotextiles facilitating re-establishment of native vegetation Choosing different plant materials o Use masses of perennials: this reduces the need for yearly replanting, lowering manpower requirements o Preserve and reinforce the use of local flora: cultivation, collection, use and dissemination of local wildflowers (as an alternative to commercial wildflower prairie mixes, which include exotics and cultivars) o Preserve common, hardy and highly tolerant species with high aesthetic and/or entomological value o Use these species in mixes: for example, with a certain percentage of annuals for a more immediate effect and heightened colour o Ecological beautification: the use of native plants reinforces local populations; many of these remain quite common, but are slowly disappearing from their native environment (for example, plants that traditionally accompanied farming activities). The use of native plants helps recreate an entire ecosystem (including the specific foraging insects that typically associate with certain flowers) in the urban environment, where biodiversity is under heavy pressure. The use of native plants significantly reduces watering, fertilizer, herbicide and pesticide requirements. The concept of sustainable flowering Use perennials or hardy plant material for at least a three-year period. Select species and varieties: - known for their long-blossoming characteristics, in year one - easy to grow - low maintenance Reduce the watering requirements by at least a factor of 2. Reduce maintenance requirements (time) by at least a factor of 2 Implement an organic fertilization program with the objective of rejuvenating the soil. Replace annual beds with perennial beds. Locate and act upon situations where other types of plantings are likely to fail: areas that are difficult to water, older shrub beds, areas where lawns are impossible to grow or maintain, etc. XXXVIII

93 Example of variable management Vineuil City Hall, produced by Thierry Simier. The following increases in efficiency and cost savings have been documented: In an 86 m² bed which formerly held annuals and biennials, watering (frequency) requirements were reduced by a factor of 2 in year 1 and by a factor of 3 in year 2. After three years, savings of 4000 euros were achieved in the plant-purchasing budget, and maintenance time was reduced by 110 hours a two thirds reduction overall Thierry Simier, XXXIX

94 Appendix VII: Eleven examples of successful gardens Jardins de Métis/Reford Gardens Festival, Quebec In June 2000, Jardins de Métis/Reford Gardens launched the first annual International Garden Festival, after several years of careful planning and discussions aimed at devising the best way to transform an unused section of the garden into a space where landscape and garden designers from Canada and around the world could showcase new ideas in ephemeral garden installations. Built on the former Elsie Reford Estate, Jardins de Métis/Reford Gardens has been open to the public since In 1995, the Friends of Jardins de Métis were handed all development and maintenance responsibilities. The Festival is an expression of the Gardens three main objectives namely, the restoration of historical gardens (tradition); the creation of ephemeral garden exhibits by the best contemporary designers (innovation); and the preservation of the St. Lawrence and Métis River shorelines (conservation). Since 2000, the Festival has featured more than 50 garden installations created by about 100 designers from eight countries. In addition, traveling exhibits from Jardins de Métis/Reford Gardens have been displayed in public gardens, parks and horticultural events in several places in Canada, including Montréal, Amqui, New Richmond, and Toronto, as well as at international events in England, France, and Italy. The Festival images shown below will provide a small glimpse of the diversity and creativity displayed by contributing designers, who have helped make the Festival into a showcase for the cutting-edge work of a new generation of landscape architects, architects, and visual artists. The International Garden Festival was inspired by the Festival Chaumont-sur-Loire (France), founded by Jean-Paul Pigeat in Upon returning from a visit to Chaumont in 1998, a delegation from Métis immediately set about defining and developing the Festival mission, which is to stimulate creativity in the gardening arts and to offer, both professionals and the public, exposure to innovative landscape forms, new materials and a new vision of the garden. XL

95 Reford Residence gardens The Festival s main objective is to present avant-garde garden concepts that contribute to innovative thinking in the art of gardening and the renewal of landscape architecture. The jury-selected designers must work in close cooperation with the Festival s artistic and technical directors. Although they enjoy complete creative freedom to give life to the products of their imagination, they must always take into account the character and context of the site. Designers are free to dig into the soil or erect structures, but they must respect the natural setting and surrounding vegetation. 11 Installations at the Jardins de Métis/Reford Gardens Festival 11 Full terms and conditions available at the Festival s website XLI

96 Brussels floral carpet, Belgium The Brussels Tapis de Fleurs is a biennial event. Each even-numbered year, a magnificent 1800m 2 floral carpet covers the Grand-Place. For three days and three nights the floral carpet is a major tourist attraction. As night falls, the carpet magically illuminates. This ephemeral masterpiece blazes with all its colours. The official unveiling ceremony of each new floral carpet is always accompanied by awe-inspiring lights shows. The floral carpet motif is typically drawn from the themes of exhibits featured at Brussels City Hall. Some examples of past themes used were the commemoration of important historical events, coats of arms and ideas proposed by local horticultural associations. The planning and design of the floral carpet, including detailed design of the patterns and construction of scale models, takes place over a full year. The actual assembling of the floral carpet occurs over a 48 hour period and requires over one hundred skilled gardeners working in unison. The only flower which makes up the carpet is begonia, which is available in a seemingly limitless number of varieties and colours. In this way, this work of art is a wonderful marketing tool for Belgian begonia growers. With an annual yield of over 60 million bulbs, Belgium is the most important producer of begonias in the world. The production and sale of ornamental plants has been a major contributor to the municipality of Ghent s prosperity since the late 19 th century. It s azaleas and begonias, in particular, are well recognized the world over. Ground level view of floral carpet Bird s eye view of the floral carpet XLII

97 Eden Project, Cornwall, England The Eden Project is a large-scale endeavour that has attracted 1.5 million visitors per year since it opened in It was designed by architect Nicholas Grimshaw based on an environmental concept developed by Tim Smit in Exploring the themes of nature and sustainable development, the sprawling park includes two large conservatories, the first presenting a rainforest biome, and the second featuring a Mediterranean biome. Outside, a long pathway winds through a landscape where prairies and many other habitats are recreated. The gardens are known for their vast collection of native plants, which reflect the extraordinary diversity of our planet. This project is supported by a non-profit foundation, with a focus on resource conservation and the contribution of biological diversity to humankind. The park was initially created to demonstrate nature s capacity to regenerate landscapes severely degraded by human activities. Ten years ago, the site was sterile and empty. Today, its massive Biomes (one of which is the largest greenhouse in the world) and the millions of plants bear witness to the ingenuity and tenacity of the human spirit. Eden stands as living proof that it is possible to transform the most degraded brownfield into a garden of beauty and international renown. The Project s educational vocation has enabled the foundation to obtain the GiftAid designation from the British Government, which provides considerable tax relief amounting to approximately 30% of its membership fees. The Eden Project has given rise to numerous innovations in plant cultivation, and these were developed in close cooperation with a broad range of plant research agencies. Aerial view of the Eden Project Geodesic domes sheltering complex biomes XLIII

98 Crystal Garden: the intersection of art and nature In 2004, Jean-Paul Pigeat, director of the Chaumont-sur-Loire Garden Festival stated: In Versailles, Louis XIV summoned the best fountain builders. Today, we must do the same and we must let go of the idea that the landscape is the domain of a restricted number of artisans who see themselves as the only legitimate creative forces in the garden. In this day and age, truly exceptional gardens are created when artists, craftsmen of all types and new materials join forces. In that spirit, five prestigious glassmakers conceived the Crystal Gardens, a magical site created under the watchful eye of Vincent Dupont-Rougier. Four imaginative crystal gardens were created in Parc de Bagatelle, Paris. The backdrop for each of these installations is a wall of cullet, or crystal in its unrefined state, which is achieved by bringing a mix of silica, lead and potash to high heat. Using this canvas of brilliance, colour and transparency, Vincent Dupont-Rougier arranges plants and works of art to reflect and enhance the interplay of ambient light conditions. In the Lalique Garden, a small pond feature is framed with large crystal agave plants mixed in with living agaves. Multi-coloured crystal fish mounted on black stems are reflected in the water and appear to dart through the luminous shards reflected by the crystal. In the Daum Garden, unique works of art depicting a serene, smiling Buddha are carefully positioned among lush vegetation. Graceful blue-hued seem to rise from a carpet of green. The Daum Garden s stunning botanical display was created by the Italian floral designer Émilio Robba. His warm, amber-hued exotic flower sculptures, provide additional points of interest throughout the garden, appearing to be created by natural forces; they show his flawless attention to detail and deep fascination with nature. Crystal works of art are placed throughout the park to create constant surprises. Palm trees are hung with stunning crystal decorations. A Baccarat crystal bear placed on the edge of a water feature conjures images of a faraway ice floe. Lalique swans and fish swim across a natural pond. An island shoreline is dotted with crystal vases from Daum s Amaryllis collection. Magic connects the real and the surreal, crystal shines and illuminates in every direction, and nature stands in all its glory in an astounding display of beauty and creativity. (Photos: François Golfier) Crystal agave plants in the Lalique Garden (Photos: François Golfier) Palm tree adorned with crystal XLIV

99 Secret Gardens of Cahors Cahors, a medieval city of 200,000, is known for its famous Valentré Bridge, located just outside the City. In order to draw more visitors from the bridge to the downtown area, the City devised a strategy based on floral beautification. In spite of the fact that Cahors has few public green spaces, they have succeeded in creating a network of small imaginative gardens which communicate whimsical, entertaining stories much to the delight of visitors. The secret garden circuit is delineated with markers of polished brass engraved with an acanthus leaf. Starting at the Valentré Bridge, visitors set out on a path of discovery through a series of small thematic gardens, including the Inebriation Garden, the Alley of Sighs, the Celestial Courtyard, the Cloistered Garden, the Fairy Melusine s Garden, the Simpletons Garden, the Engravers Courtyard, the Moorish Gardens, etc. These gardens have won numerous awards in Europe: the Heritage Improvement Award, The Gold Medal of European Floral Displays, the Grand Prize of the National Floral Cities Competition, etc. The network of gardens is still expanding to include other cities. There is now a Garden of Cahors in the City of Bitche and a new Garden of Bitche in Cahors. These joint projects foster the free flow of ideas and have led to joint tourism marketing campaigns between neighbouring cities and regions across France. The Cahors Circuit, the Witch s Garden, the Simpletons Garden and the Moorish Garden XLV

100 Keukenhof Floral Displays Keukenhof is one of the world s most beautiful gardens. During a two-month period each spring, over 800,000 visitors come to marvel at the amazing floral displays composed with more than 7 million bulbs planted throughout this 32 hectare park. Each year features a new theme, which keeps the many visitors coming back year after year, and helps attract new visitors. For example, the 2008 theme, China and the Beijing Olympic Games, drew over 20,000 visitors from China. The design concept is aimed at providing the visitor with a celebratory experience and to inspire visitors to be more creative in their own gardens. A great deal of focus is placed on innovation and the quality of the design and maintenance. New sculptures are added yearly to enhance the garden designs. In addition, there is an extensive program of activities, including guided tours, children s tours, crazy hat parades, photography workshops, etc. Keukenhof Gardens is an amazing showcase for the abilities of the Dutch floral industry. Seasonally, the garden employs close to 700 staff, as well as 60 year-round staff. Mosaic Park, Olympic Rings formed in flowers XLVI

101 Gardens of Rivau Castle, France The Gardens of Rivau Castle were originally developed to enhance the castle, but have slowly evolved into the site s main attraction. Like a fairy tale, the garden stimulates the imagination of visitors of all ages. The Castle s main park is divided into twelve sectors, each inspired by classical garden design and referring to a specific medieval legend. The visitor can walk through Gargantua s vegetable patch, with its gigantic vegetables, marvel at the Delicious Border, run through the Enchanted Forest or follow in the footsteps of Tom Thumb. The gardens are at the height of their beauty in May, when the blooming of masses of irises herald the warm summer to come, and later in June, when the aroma of lavender fills the air and the senses. As these gardens offer a lot of opportunities to play and exceptional educational value, they appeal to children and parents alike. Each year, artists are invited to create works of art that complement and enhance the gardens. A fairy tale garden Lavender Maze Flowerpot Garden Enchanted Garden XLVII

102 Garden of Wisley, England Wisley is one of four garden estates belonging to the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS). It attracts about 800,000 visitors each year. One of its most popular attractions is the central plant bed which measures 125 m long and 6 m wide. Innovative combinations of colours and textures never fail to amaze visitors to the garden. Wisley is intended as a source of inspiration, by showcasing excellence and promoting gardening. All plant species are labeled. The park includes demonstration gardens and innovative garden designs from which visitors gather new floral ideas. The test plots in the southern part of the garden are an invaluable resource displaying the knowledge and expertise of the RHS. The first alpine gardens were created at Wisley. Next to the main alpine garden the native garden can be found, which includes a network of footpaths bordered by a broad collection of shrubs and trees, as well as large masses of perennials and flowering bulbs. In commemoration of the 200 th anniversary of the RHS, an immense greenhouse featuring over 60,000 tropical plants was built adjacent to the main planting bed. Wisley s most recent acquisition is the stunning, ever changing planting bed designed by the Dutch landscape artist Piet Outdolf. With its highly organized, abundant and richly textured plantings, this plant bed manages to convey the natural evolution of the seasons. The Wisley Tropical Greenhouse One of Wisley s numerous gardens XLVIII

103 Séricourt Garden, France Séricourt Park commemorates the painful legacy of wars and conflicts. The message conveyed by these gardens is so clear and tangible, it leaves no one indifferent and compels one to be reflective. Yves Gosse de Gorre has brought together a series of images composed of vegetation that tell stories, elicit strong emotions and succeed in surprising visitors. A few of these images are shown below. The Séricourt region and its inhabitants have been indelibly marked by war. This is reflected in the garden by three large holes which provide a stark reminder of the results of bombs. Vegetation is also used to represent two armies of soldiers standing face-to-face, ready to engage. The soldiers formed of arrow-straight and narrow yews are pruned at varying heights and spaced in irregular patterns. In summertime, a lawn area covered in poppies and forget-me-nots adds a bloody dimension to the battle scene. Gardeners have sculpted war masks from spherical globe cedars, bringing these plants to life and giving them a truly menacing appearance. A group of these figureheads with terrifying faces, placed in a semi-circle, appears to be deeply involved in a council of war. Across from the battlefield, weeping cherry trees seem to mourn the dead. The topiary garden always succeeds in surprising visitors. This charming and playful area makes one want to stop and appreciate the diversity of plants on display, as well as the innate beauty of each individual specimen. Just around the corner from topiary lane, a living room has been sculpted out of yews and cedars. A sofa and two armchairs seem to invite the visitor to have a seat, until one is reminded that they are only sculptures. Council of War Garden of Warriors, in the background XLIX

104 Gardens of the Imagination, France In order to boost tourism in an area that does not possess any important tourist attractions, the City of Terrasson-La-Villedieu, located deep in the French Périgord region, retained the services of Kathryn Gustafson to create a contemporary garden. The park brings the visitor on a journey filled with a poetic sensibility. An elevated viewpoint and embankment intersected with cascading waters, a rose covered pergola, azaleas, ferns and mosses, a greenhouse hidden behind stone walls, a grassy amphitheatre with metal benches, water gardens, and woods with a wildflower glade make up a route with interspersed breathtaking views of the City and valley below. Stone borders delineate the limits of the vegetation, metallic elements are carefully integrated into their surroundings, and quiet ponds, cascading channels and whimsical fountains all bring the site together. The park s dominant colour is the silvery green of the weeping willows and hedges. The hedges, running parallel or perpendicular to the river, facilitate the transition between the natural and built environment. The park s main entrance features a long cascading brook flowing down a series of steps along the length of a ramp. Grass amphitheatre; Cascading Waters; Whimsical Fountain L

105 Assiniboine Park, Winnipeg Assiniboine Park was created in It covers close to 1,100 ha and includes a conservatory, gardens and numerous paths, a garden of sculptures by Leo Mol, a miniature railway, an outdoor theatre and numerous other attractions. The English Garden, built in , is recognized across North America for its luxuriant displays of annual and perennial beds. Covering three acres, the English Garden displays a wide array of flowers, shrubs and trees in the traditional English style. A large rose garden (with over four hundred varieties of floribunda, grandiflora and rugosa species), divided into four sections, surrounds the central pond teeming with fish. From the start, the purpose of the English Garden was to serve as a showcase where local residents and visitors could obtain detailed information on the important floricultural history of Manitoba. Leo Mol Sculpture Garden Mixed Planting Bed The conservatory remains one of the park s main attractions, with over 8,000 species of exotic flowers, plants and trees. Completed in 1992, the Leo Mol Sculpture Garden contains over one hundred of the artist s creations. LI

106 Pathway through a floral understory LII