MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Transcription

1 ch 1 review - remember level Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which discipline defines itself as "the systematic study of human society"? A) economics B) history C) sociology D) psychology 1) 2) Peter Berger describes using the sociological perspective as seeing the in the. A) new; old B) general; particular C) good; worst tragedies D) specific; general 2) 3) By stating that the sociological perspective shows us "the strange in the familiar," the text argues that sociologists A) reject the familiar idea that people simply decide how to act in favor of the initially strange idea that society shapes our lives. B) believe that people often behave in strange ways. C) focus on the bizarre elements of society. D) believe that even people who are most familiar to us have some very strange habits. 3) 4) The chapter's sociological analysis of childbearing around the world suggests that the number of children born to a woman reflects A) whether she lives in a poor or a rich society. B) how many children she can afford. C) simply the desires of her husband. D) only her preference for family size. 4) 5) The pioneering sociologist who studied patterns of suicide in Europe was A) Emile Durkheim. B) Robert K. Merton. C) Karl Marx. D) Auguste Comte. 5) 6) In the United States today, the suicide rate is highest for which of the following? A) African American females B) African American males C) white females D) white males 6) 7) Sociologists use the term "social marginality" to refer to A) people who have little understanding of sociology. B) people who are defined by others as an "outsider." C) people who have special social skills. D) people who are especially sensitive about their family background. 7) 8) In the box about Barbara Ehrenreich working at low-wage jobs, we learned that she A) was able to make a good living right from the start. B) ended up convinced that personal ability is everything. C) found most of her coworkers to be dull and lazy. D) worked very hard, but never made enough money to pay for her basic needs. 8) 1

2 9) Sociology provides an advantage to students preparing for later careers by preparing them for work A) only in criminal justice or social work. B) only as clinical sociologists. C) in teaching, criminal justice, business, and many other careers. D) only as teachers of sociology. 9) 10) Which of the following historical changes is among the factors that stimulated the development of sociology as a discipline? A) the rise of the industrial economy and growth of cities B) the founding of the Roman Catholic church C) the power of tradition D) a belief that our futures are defined by "fate" 10) 11) In which of the countries noted below did sociology first appear as a formal discipline? A) China B) Japan C) the United States D) France 11) 12) The concept "sociology" was coined in 1838 by A) Herbert Spencer. B) Auguste Comte. C) Karl Marx. D) Adam Smith. 12) 13) According to Auguste Comte, people begin to see society as a natural rather than a supernatural phenomenon as their society enters which stage of development? A) metaphysical stage B) post-scientific stage C) theological stage D) scientific stage 13) 14) According to Auguste Comte, people living in Europe during the Middle Ages thought of society as A) chaotic and having little order or form. B) a system operating according to its own laws. C) an expression of God's will. D) a system behavior according to natural laws. 14) 15) Looking at the United States, high suicide rates are typical of areas in which people A) live spread apart in rural areas. B) have higher incomes. C) live densely packed in cities. D) live in a warmer climate. 15) 16) Which concept is used to describe relatively stable patterns of social behavior? A) social functions B) social dysfunctions C) social structure D) eufunctions 16) 17) Social structures sometimes have negative consequences for the operation of society as a whole. What is the term for these negative consequences? A) eufunctions B) social dysfunctions C) social functions D) social structure 17) 2

3 18) The recognized and intended consequences of a social pattern are referred to as A) manifest functions. B) dysfunctions. C) latent functions. D) eufunctions. 18) 19) Unrecognized and unintended consequences of a social pattern are called A) eufunctions. B) latent functions. C) dysfunctions. D) manifest functions. 19) 20) The main characteristic of the approach is its view of society as being orderly and stable. A) social-interaction B) structural-functional C) tradition-based D) social-conflict 20) 21) W.E.B. Du Bois claimed that was the major problem facing the United States during the twentieth century. A) race B) class C) ethnicity D) gender 21) 22) Which of the following founding sociologists urged sociologists to understand a social setting from the point of view of the people in it? A) Auguste Comte B) Max Weber C) Emile Durkheim D) Karl Marx 22) 23) Which of the following questions is the focus of the symbolic-interaction approach? A) How is society divided? B) How do people experience society? C) How do some people protect their privileges? D) How is society held together? 23) 24) A simplified description unfairly applied to every person in some category is called A) a stereotype. B) a sociological insight. C) an act of discrimination. D) a sociological generalization. 24) 25) Which of the following early sociologists had an important influence on the development of the social-conflict approach? A) Herbert Spencer B) Karl Marx C) Emile Durkheim D) Talcott Parsons 25) 26) Which early sociologist received the first doctorate ever awarded by Harvard University to a person of color? A) Jane Addams B) Herbert Spencer C) Harriet Martineau D) W.E.B. Du Bois 26) 27) Which early U.S. sociologist studied the African American community and served as a founding member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)? A) Harriet Martineau B) W.E.B. Du Bois C) Jane Addams D) Herbert Spencer 27) 3

4 28) The "framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change" is the A) social-conflict approach. B) structural-functional approach. C) symbolic-interaction approach. D) tradition-based approach. 28) 29) The social-conflict approach draws attention to A) how elements contribute to the overall operation of society. B) patterns of social inequality. C) how people construct meaning in their interaction. D) the stable aspects of society. 29) 30) Who helped launch the discipline of sociology by studying the evils of slavery and also by translating the writings of Auguste Comte? A) Dorothea Dix B) Elizabeth Cady Stanton C) Jane Addams D) Harriet Martineau 30) 31) Which pioneering sociologist founded Chicago's Hull House to assist immigrants and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize? A) Harriet Martineau B) W.E.B. Du Bois C) Herbert Spencer D) Jane Addams 31) 32) Identify the three sociologists who played a part in the development of sociology's structural-functional approach. A) Harriet Martineau, Robert Merton, W.E.B. Du Bois B) Auguste Comte, Karl Marx, W.E.B. Du Bois C) Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Emile Durkheim D) Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx, Auguste Comte 32) 33) Herbert Spencer described human society as a complex system having much in common with A) the human brain. B) planets and stars. C) the human body. D) animal societies. 33) 34) Who was the U.S. sociologist who distinguished between the manifest functions and the latent functions of social patterns? A) Robert K. Merton B) Talcott Parsons C) C. Wright Mills D) William Graham Sumner 34) 35) is a way of understanding the world based on science. A) Positivism B) Metaphysics C) Free will D) Tradition 35) 36) When did sociology become established as an academic discipline in the United States? A) during the Middle Ages B) about 1900 C) about 1800 D) about ) 37) A statement that explains how and why specific facts are related is called a(n) A) precept. B) concept. C) approach. D) theory. 37) 4

5 38) In deciding what kinds of questions to ask in their research, sociologists are guided by A) our society's traditional wisdom. B) sheer chance. C) their own common sense. D) one or more theoretical approaches. 38) 39) Comte described the earliest human societies as being at which stage of historical development? A) metaphysical stage B) theological stage C) post-scientific stage D) scientific stage 39) 40) According to Auguste Comte, people begin to see society as a natural rather than a supernatural phenomenon as their society enters which stage of development? A) scientific stage B) post-scientific stage C) metaphysical stage D) theological stage 40) 41) The United States falls within which category of the world's nations? A) high-income nations B) low-income nations C) middle-income nations D) None of the above is correct. 41) 42) The nations of Western Europe, Israel, Japan, and Australia fall into which of the following categories of countries? A) high-income nations B) low-income nations C) middle-income nations D) None of the above is correct. 42) 43) Almost all of Latin America and Asia falls within which of the following categories? A) very rich nations B) middle-income nations C) low-income nations D) high-income nations 43) 44) The text presents a portrait of a "global village." Which of the following statements about this village is TRUE? A) More than half the people are North Americans. B) More than half the people are Asians. C) More than half the people do not get enough to eat. D) More than half the people are rich. 44) 45) Sociologist Lenore Weitzman carried out research showing that women who divorce A) have a happier sex life. B) typically remarry within one year. C) suffer a significant loss of income. D) claim they are happier than before. 45) 5

6 Answer Key Testname: CH 1 REMEMBER LEVEL 1) C 2) B 3) A 4) A 5) A 6) D 7) B 8) D 9) C 10) A 11) D 12) B 13) A 14) C 15) A 16) C 17) B 18) A 19) B 20) B 21) A 22) B 23) B 24) A 25) B 26) D 27) B 28) A 29) B 30) D 31) D 32) C 33) C 34) A 35) A 36) B 37) D 38) D 39) B 40) C 41) A 42) A 43) B 44) B 45) C 6