Research on the Employment Psychology of Graduate in Colleges and Universities

Transcription

1 Research on the Employment Psychology of Graduate in Colleges and Universities GUO Jing 1, QI Lei 2 1. College of Agronomy, Agricultural University of Hebei, Hebei Baoding, College of Civil Engineering, Agricultural University of Hebei, Hebei Baoding, Aphelion.qi@hotmail.com Abstract: In recent years, with enrollment expansion of University and other factors, the employment of college graduates increasing pressure, the problems of employment psychology of college students have gradually become the main issues of positioning of employment. In this paper, through a questionnaire survey for part of 2009 graduates from four colleges and universities,the author has taken the UPI approach to reveal the important factor which impact the employment psychology of graduates. To the expectations of university students come to a correct understanding of the employment problem and make the appropriate solutions and recommendations. Key words: Colleges and Universities, Employment, Psychological Problems, Suggestion 1 Introduction 2009, China has 6.11 million university graduates. According to the Ministry of Education statistics show that in the past two years, every one in five college graduates have not found a job. That is, at least this year, 1.5 million university graduates employment, together with the 2008 graduates of one million are still not find jobs, employment of college graduates in 2009 is extremely difficult. In 2008, the global financial crisis had an impact in many aspects on China's import and export trade and social life, University graduates also felt from the community, family, economic and other various kinds of pressure, this relationship in the future and destiny of their major choices in life, it is inevitable there are all sorts of psychological conflicts, mental and psychological obstacles errors. Based on the above considerations, we have carried out part of 2009 graduates from four colleges and universities job of psychological investigation, and in accordance with the effective recovery of the graduate employment survey demonstrated in the course of an analysis of psychological problems, at the same time targeted for debugging. 2 Investigation Object and Method 2.1 Investigation object The survey selected a total of 600 people from four colleges and universities in Baoding such as Agricultural University of Hebei, Hebei University which involve engineering, agriculture, literature, law, medicine, economics, business, the justifications for the eight categories, recycling and effective 577 copies of the questionnaire, 96.2 percent recovery rate, the investigation effectively. Of these, 293 were male (50.8%), 284 girls (49.2%); town 107 students (18.5%), 470 rural students (or 81.5%); 425 undergraduate students, (accounting for 73.7%), 152 college students (26.3%), a certain degree of representativeness. 2.2 Survey method This study selected the emotional reaction which is part of University Personality Inventory(referred to as UPI) to conduct an investigation. The results showed that in China, the questionnaire for the university students have a variety of psychological distress with higher resolution. UPI mental health of students is divided into three categories, the selection criteria for mainly through the score, the key projects and the three additional questions to determine. Analysis of sub-bands: 1143

2 I Total score of UPI >=25, These students are serious psychological distress, and pay close attention to the need for consultation appointment. II 20>= Total score of UPI <=25 These students have a certain degree of psychological problems, not serious but attention should be paid to III Total score of UPI <=20 These students psychological condition. 3 Analysis of the questionnaire 3.1 The distribution of UPI scores for graduates We defined three types of screening criteria, the UPI scored by measuring the number of graduates for the frequency distribution statistics. Table 1 Total score distribution rate of UPI Scope Population Percentage Total score of UPI: % Total score of UPI : % Total score of UPI: < % Total number of people % From Table 1, it shows that the vast majority of measuring graduates basic good mental health. However, there also have 36.2 percent of students who have a serious problem of psychological distress. These students in the process of job-seekers, showing varying degrees of pessimistic, impatient, thinking, emotional irritability, restlessness, insomnia and other symptoms. It also reminds us that further psychological testing on the graduates of the urgent and necessary work. 3.2 The affection of distribution of rate from gender student source academic qualifications and other variable. We use sex, student source and academic qualifications as variables, one by one on the distribution rates and analysis of statistics. Show at table Table 2 Distribution rate of UPI for sex Male Female Scope Total score of UPI: % % Total score of UPI : % % Total score of UPI: < % % From Table 2, it shows that those male and female graduates in the UPI number of distribution points, there was a significant difference in further for each type of male and female graduates of the analysis show that female graduates than male graduates more likely to have low self-esteem, anxiety, psychological tendencies such as jealousy. Serious psychological distress in graduates, female accounted for 8.5 percent of those surveyed, 3.8% for male, the proportion of female graduates than male graduates in the ratio of 4.7 percentage points; There is a certain psychological distress among graduates, the proportion of women surveyed 37% of the number of males accounted for 23.5 percent, 13.5 percent of women than men; that the employment of gender on the psychological problems of university students has a significant influence. Table 3 Distribution rate of UPI for student source Scope Urban Rural Total score of UPI: % % Total score of UPI : % % Total score of UPI: < % % From Table 3, it shows that urban, rural students scored in the UPI number of distribution there are also some differences. A further breakdown in the study showed that rural students suffer from psychological distress than the number of urban students. Serious psychological distress among graduates, rural 1144

3 students have been accounted for 11.3 percent of those surveyed, accounting for 1.9 percent of urban students, rural students was significantly higher than that of urban students; There is a certain psychological distress of the graduates surveyed in rural areas accounted for the number of students of 30.6%, accounting for 28.3 percent of urban students, rural students and urban students were no significant differences on students from different regions of the existence of certain officers of psychological distress. Table 4 Distribution rate of UPI for academic qualifications Scope Undergraduate College Total score of UPI: % 8 5.3% Total score of UPI : % % Total score of UPI: < % % From Table 4, it shows that graduates with different qualifications in the number of distribution points UPI also there are some differences. A further breakdown in the study showed that graduates of serious psychological distress in this specialist were no significant differences between; there is a certain psychological distress of the graduates, undergraduate students accounted for 36 percent of those surveyed, accounting for 13.8% of college students, undergraduate graduates is much higher than 22.2 percent graduates. This shows that the employment qualifications for the psychological problems of college students have a significant impact. 3.3 The main performance of psychological problems Table 5 The proportion for the main performance of psychological problem Qualifying Project Population Percentage 1 Anxiety % 2 loss % 3 Conceited % 4 Inferiority % 5 Negative % 6 Jealousy 35 6% From table 5 It shows that by measuring the process of graduates in the job are more prone to psychological problems mainly manifested in anxiety, loss, self-conceited, and so on several negative emotions, including anxiety and sense of loss is the most outstanding performance of graduates in the mood to reflect. 4 The reasons for the employment impact of college students 4.1 Employment psychological stress and anxiety At present, more severe employment situation of university graduates to bring a greater psychological pressure. Directions of work, emotional disputes, the sad departure, etc. are all caused by anxiety. Different mental capacity of graduates, and the response was different. 4.2 Expected employment psychological and loss The majority of students have high expectations of the employment unit. They hope to big cities, big bodies, big companies go to work, and hope there are good living conditions, benefits, promotion of a broad space for development; rather than to the poor conditions of small cities, units, small businesses. When they found large differences between reality and ideals, it is prone to loss, feelings of inferiority. 4.3 Blind self-confidence and negative conceited The numbers of graduates overestimate in their employability. They cannot objectively evaluate their own blind self-confidence and even your own, but job-seekers after the setback that can easily become negative. Some graduates will have extremely negative psychological and even self-confidence to avoid a job, wait, missed a lot of opportunities. Note that both cases, there are students in the city, especially the one-child graduates, superior family developed a habit of do oneself proud, and they are not 1145

4 pro-active in job-seekers. 4.4 Have unrecognized talents and paranoid jealousy psychological Some graduates in the job several times, after setbacks, resulting in have unrecognized talents the psychological, they think that " God does not stay here, the Secretary own stay ", and even envy those who find satisfaction with the work of students. In this regard, the number of the emergence of psychological distress in junior college graduates is less than graduates, as the reason is that they are more capable hands, in the face of a more active job opportunities, job search on the road more clearly, work more diligently, but the employment of psychological normality. 5 Suggestion of employment psychological adjustment 5.1 As soon as possible to carry out the University Career Planning Employment guidance of university students should not be a senior at the beginning, but four years at the university has a comprehensive system, there are plans to carry out. Whether a college student employment, depends on the competitiveness of its own and a good overall quality, which is not pre-school, can be completed over a period of time is the need for students to learn through constant practice, a gradual increase in the accumulation of up. 5.2 Training in teaching students the process of great importance to the cultivation of practical skills Students practice skills and training such as cognitive skills, interpersonal skills, management skills, innovation skills, will enable students the ability to have more comprehensive and professional knowledge, the employment of university students in the process of easing tension, release stress, enhance self-confidence, increase the chance of success has important implications. Therefore, we recommend that students not only to theoretical knowledge of professional reserve, but also should pay attention to the cultivation of practical skills of university students. 5.3 Continuously strengthening institutions of employment, improve career guidance system We must work to strengthen higher education institution-building career guidance and improve the general employment of graduates of colleges and universities the ability to guide and train the students familiar with a number of high-quality work and the job market talent. These teachers carried out through the regular graduate employment guidance, advice, recommendations and services, set up some seminars and courses to help students master the skills and knowledge of job-seekers. 5.4 The concept of change in employment Employment of graduates in the choice of units, we must correctly analyze their own strengths and weaknesses of their potential to have a sober understanding of this. Neither arrogant nor self-humiliation, to their exact position. Reality shows that the ideal graduates each year to absorb the large enterprises the ability of graduates is limited, and small and medium enterprises and private enterprises in urgent need of talent and will give graduates the ability to create a platform for professional and personal development opportunities. These are all in the course of employment issues to be considered. 5.5 Formulate corresponding policies of our country to further improve the employment environment We recommend that the relevant departments of the grass-roots level to increase economic and social development input in an effort to increase employment opportunities; at the same time, as far as possible to the grass-roots work of graduates to meet the legitimate spiritual needs, and to give the corresponding material return, the grass-roots level to speed up infrastructure construction and social security, and alleviate the economic pressure on graduates skilled jobs. 5.6 Changes in social attitudes, to create an atmosphere of grass-roots employment, 1146

5 entrepreneurial The proposed direction of public opinion through the media publicity, in the whole society to create a good atmosphere-skilled jobs, reducing business graduates return to their hometowns, the psychological pressure of the grass-roots employment, graduates to play professional expertise, the knowledge will be used in actual production, driven home wealth and achieve value of life. The University Career Planning The concept of change in employment The guidance in University The support of state policies The guidance of Social media Improve career guidance system Attention to the cultivation of practical skills of graduates Encourage to work at grass-roots level Encourage entrepreneurship home Enhance the employability Hard conditions Soft environment Undergraduate in Colleges and Universities Work at rural areas, western region Work at small and medium enterprises, township enterprises Entrepreneurship home Develop production, create wealth To provide jobs to absorb graduates Figure 1 The virtuous circle to work for graduates 6 Conclusion In this article, the author reveals through the UPI method in contemporary college students in China the importance of psychological variables of employment, let us a better understanding of the current employment of university students led their own psychological problems and needs, put forward solutions. At the same time, this way will also be effective in promoting our national career guidance services to students to improve the system in order to achieve the school and the community, the timeliness of the interaction between university students. References [1] Jiang Fulian, A Comparison and Analysis of Results of UPI Surveys of freshmen at Local Colleges [J] Psychological Science, 2004, 27(2): [2]Guo Ping Zhao Baoxin Full of college students theory and practice of career guidance [M], Beijing,2008.1, Science and Technology of China Press, Authors Brief 1 Guo Jing (1982- ) College of Agronomy, Agricultural University of Hebei, Assistant 2 Qi Lei (1983- ) College of Civil Engineering, Agricultural University of Hebei, Postgraduate 1147