Lesson 1: Causes of Traffic Accident (Duration: 1hour)

Transcription

1 Teacher s Manual: Grade 5 1 Lesson 1: Causes of Traffic Accident Knowledge; Describe the three main causes of accidents (people s behavior, road and weather conditions, and vehicle characteristics). Get a report of road traffic accidents and victims. Identify the causes of road traffic accidents. Attitude: Pay attention when traveling. 2. Picture 3: darting out onto the road for the ball; Picture 10: running after another into the road; Picture 13: during raining; Picture 20: drunk driving; Picture 21: car with broken brake. Latest report on traffic accidents Review Previous Lesson: What are the causes of road traffic accidents? Teacher asks students to describe an accident and its cause that they knew after that they write down those causes on the blackboard and classify them into 3 main sections: causes that created by people s behaviors, road and weather conditions including the characteristics of the car. Teacher compares the reasons described by students to the results extracted from the data of traffic accidents and victims. Group Discussion: Teacher divides students into 5 groups and gives each group a picture (picture 2, 10, 13, 20 and 21). Teacher writes down the following questions on the blackboard and asks students to observe the picture in their group and answers the questions: describe the wrong behavior of peoples in the picture that might cause possible accident; 1. describe the road conditions; 2. describe the weather conditions; 3. describe the causes of the accident in the picture; 4. describe what people should have done to avoid the accident. Teacher asks replacement in each group writes down the answers on the blackboard. Teacher checks and corrects the answers. Teacher asks students to ask their family or friends about the bad consequences of the road traffic accident. 1. Darting out onto a road for the ball

2 Teacher s Manual: Grade Never play a ball on the road, if need to pick up or any objects or things on the road, ask for help from adult. 3. Drunk and drive 4. Drunk don t drive, find some one else who is in good spirit to drive instead or catch up vehicle with the others. 5. Raining and the road is slippery. 6. When it s raining hard, the drivers are difficult to see through the other pedestrians, because it s dark and misty. 7. Should park and wait somewhere until the rain stops. In case it is necessary to travel, the pedestrians should use reflective things which would be easily visible by the drivers. (Reflective colors are: yellow, green, white, orange, golden and silver colors etc.). As the open question. Answers would be based on the opinions of the parents.

3 Teacher s Manual: Grade 5 3 Lesson 2: Consequences of Road Accidents Demonstrate the bad consequences of road traffic accidents and suffered the socioeconomic losses. Identify the consequence of traffic accident. Attitude: Pay attention when traveling. Picture 38 to 46: traffic accident Review Previous Lesson: Teacher asks the students to show the results of homework they made at home. Teacher asks students to check picture 38 to 46. After that teacher divides the blackboard into two then write down the two titles into each part. 1- Physically affected accident 2- Social and economic losses C. Group Discussions: Teacher asks students to discuss in groups about the following questions: Find out the consequences of physically affected accidents. What kinds of social and economic losses did the traffic accident caused?` Teacher asks students to write down the correct answers on the blackboard into the two divided parts. Teacher corrects the students answers: 1. Physically affected accident: get hurts on hands, legs, bodies, head injuries, disabilities 2. Socio-economic consequences: lose properties, lose time, can t go to study or can t go to work Teacher informs students that next class they will meet a visitor from a hospital who can tell them more details on the consequences of the accidents. Teacher asks students to do homework by preparing a questionnaire to ask the visitor from the hospital in the next class, and then they can ask their family for help. 1. Students write down name and location of the victim 2. It s an open question, depends on the answer of the victim 3. Students write down their questions according to their parents opinions

4 Teacher s Manual: Grade 5 4 Lesson 3: Meeting with a Guest Working in a Hospital Identify the bad consequences of the road traffic accident; Remind the friend and family to pay attention on road traffic safety Attitude: Pay attention when traveling. Picture of victim at the hospital or at the scene. A. Review previous lesson: Teacher asks students to show the questionnaire they made from home. Teacher introduces the guest from the hospital. The guest explains briefly about his main activities at the hospital s emergency department, especially emphasized on the type of victims, cause of frequent accidents and consequences. The guest emphasizes on the consequences of head injury and explains the use of helmet to prevent the head from injuries when having accident. The guest gives advices on main preventive methods trauma from traffic accidents. Teacher asks students to question the guest by using the questionnaire they prepared at home. Teacher recommends students to aware of what they have learnt today to their families and friends. Teacher asks students to ask their parents about way of preventing from road traffic accident and the injured levels reduction. 1. The answer would depend on the explanation of the health officer. Students can write down in short, main subject or points of the explanation. Also the teacher should take note on the explanation as well, for an example to correct the students answers. It s the open question, depends on the parents opinions.

5 Teacher s Manual: Grade 5 5 Lesson 4: Ways of Preventing Accidents Demonstrate the main causes of road traffic accidents; Identify ways of preventing accidents. Attitude: Pay attention and respect the traffic rule when traveling Picture 2 : crossing alone; Picture 3 : darting out on the road for a ball; Picture 4 : holding a child's hand to cross the road; Picture 5 : playing in a safe playground; Picture 9 : a child holding an adult s hand; Picture 10: running after another on the road; Picture 12: Safety when traveling by car Picture 13: during raining; Picture 20: drunk and drive Picture 21: broken brake. A. Review Previous Lesson: Teacher asks students to present the results of their homework to each other. Teacher asks students to observe all pictures and then he explains them how to prevent accidents through: 1. People s behavior: respect traffic rules, follow a good pedestrian s, passenger s and driver s behavior (e.g. walking on the sidewalk, follow the 6 safe crossing steps, keeping whole body inside the car, wearing seatbelts and helmets, never drive when drunk ). 2. Road and weather conditions: drive slowly when it s dark and raining, use reflective color or sticker, inform to authority about 3. The road where it s broken, and put a risk sign on where it might be dangerous. 4. Vehicle maintenance: check the vehicle before driving such as brake, lights, wheel, battery etc. C. Group Discussion: Teacher asks students to write down the slogans or draw pictures that involve with the prevention of traffic accidents. Each group discusses to find out the answers Teacher asks the student representatives from each group to present the result. Teacher asks students to present the slogans or pictures from the class to the family or friends; Teacher explains that, they use the traffic signs to ensure the traffic safety.

6 Teacher s Manual: Grade 5 6 Teacher asks students to do homework by checking the traffic signs along the road from their house to school. 1. Choose the slogans: 1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 and Choose the right answers: A-3, B-1, C-2, D-3, E-2.

7 Teacher s Manual: Grade 5 7 Lesson 5: Traffic Signs Describe the traffic signs (prohibiting signs, commanding signs, warning signs, direction signs and information signs); Understand the location of road signs according to their meaning and the use of each signs. Attitude: Pay attention to traffic signs. Picture 1 : the street; Picture 22: national road; Picture 28: traffic signs (prohibiting, commanding, information signs); Picture 29: traffic signs (warning and providing direction signs). A. Review Previous Lesson: Teacher asks students to describe and explain the meaning of traffic signs that they have seen along the way to school. Teacher shows picture 28 and 29 then ask them to describe the general characteristic of the signs. Teacher summarizes the students answers and explains the meaning of each signs. 1. Prohibiting sign: round shape, with red and white border, used to prohibit the drivers from doing what stated in the sign. 2. Commanding sign: round shape, with blue background; used to command drivers to follow as shown in the sign. 3. Warning sign: vertical square shape, with yellow background; used to inform the driver in advance that, there will be a danger a head and should pay more attention. 4. Direction sign: square shape, with green background; used to provide the direction to some main towns or cities. 5. Information sign: square shape, with blue background, used to inform some information or places to the drivers or passengers to know in advance. C. Group Discussion: Teacher asks students in each group to discuss and find out where the signs in picture 28 and 29 should be located in the picture 1 and 22. Each group comes to the blackboard to show and explain the reasons of locating the signs in picture 1 and 22. Teacher asks students to observe the traffic signs along the road and take note on the 5 kinds of signs that they have learnt (prohibiting, commanding, warning, direction and information signs).

8 Teacher s Manual: Grade Attach pictures to the traffic signs: Warning sign: Picture1 A, Picture 2 B Prohibiting sign: Picture 3 D, Picture 4 C, Picture 5 E Commanding sign: Picture 6 F, Picture 7 G, Picture 8 H Information sign: Picture 9 I, Picture 10 J. 2. Match them: 1 E, 2 D, 3 A, 4 C, 5 B. 3. Students describe the traffic signs they have seen from their houses to school. Teacher corrects the student s answers to fit the meaning of each signs.

9 Teacher s Manual: Grade 5 9 Lesson 6: Safe Crossing Road At the end of the class, children should be able to: Describe the 6 basic steps of the crossing procedure; Follow a simple and safe crossing procedure; Attitude: Accustom to practice the 6 crossing steps. Picture 17: safe place to cross; Picture 18: how to cross the road ( 6 small pictures) A. Review Previous Lesson: Teacher asks students to show their homework. Teacher checks and corrects it, and then he states that today we will learn how to cross the road safely. Teacher shows pictures 17 and 18 and tells the story of a lady and her child who want to cross the road: o First, they find a safe place to cross (zebra pad, where there is traffic signs, in the open place where they can see for a long distance, and where drivers can see pedestrians), o Second, they stop on the sidewalk, o Third, they look left and right, o Fourth, they listen for sounds of vehicle to determine their speed, o Fifth, they think of appropriate time to cross the road (wait until each vehicle passed), o Sixth, they keep looking left and right and listening while walking straight across the road. Teacher stresses a child needs to hold adult s hand while crossing the road, and that a big brother/sister should hold a younger child s hand to help him/her to cross the road safely. C. Group Discussion: Teacher divides students into groups and then asks each group to discuss the questions below: 1. Please find out the reason why the pedestrians are looking for safe place before crossing the road (in which the pedestrians are easy to see through the vehicles and which the drivers can see the pedestrians). 2. Why do the pedestrians need to wait on the sidewalk? (in order to avoid the pedestrians from hitting with the vehicles, easy to wait for other vehicles to pass ) 3. Why do we need to look left and right and listen to vehicle s sound? (To look for vehicles and to determine the speed). 4. Why do you need to think before crossing the road? (to find out a chance to cross the road and to avoid the accidents). The student s representative comes up to the blackboard and writes down the answers.

10 Teacher s Manual: Grade 5 10 Teacher asks students to do homework by drawing and naming the roads they crossed from their houses to school. They can ask their family to help them drawing and naming the street. 1. There are 6 steps (write down the 6 steps). 2. To ensure that the pedestrians can see the vehicles and the drivers can see them too. 3. To ensure that the vehicles don t hit the pedestrians, easy to wait till the vehicles passed 4. To look for all vehicles around you and determine their speeds in order to find out a chance to cross the road and avoid accident 5. Students draw simple roads, by naming the roads they knew. School Monivong Blvd Hou se

11 Teacher s Manual: Grade 5 11 Lesson 7: A Safe Route to School Identify simple characteristics of safe routes; Identify the safe road to school. Attitude: Accustom to choose the safe road and should have spirits to help the younger children while traveling on the road. Picture 1: the street. Review Previous Lesson: Brainstorming questions: What should you do to cross the road safely? Teacher asks students to think of general characteristics of road and human that can cause accident (heavy traffic/crossing roads/ roundabouts/up and down the slope/ roads with poor visibility ahead due to many blocking objects/ roads with no pavements/do not wear seatbelt when driving/ leaning out of car or bus window/disturbing the driver/ rushing because of lateness... ) Teacher also asks students to think of general characteristics of road and human that can create safety (zebra lines/pavements/less traffic roads/ use bright materials/proper seated in vehicles/wearing seatbelts/ having enough time to travel...) Teacher asks students to identify any of these locations with familiar to above, near schools or houses. C. Group Discussion: Teacher describes and tells the students that, suppose they have a small child as their neighbor. Their task is to take responsibility in directing him/her to travel to school through a safe route. Then Teacher identifies a location of the house and the school in picture 1 or selects the pictures that students drew at home in previous lesson. Students in each group discuss to find out the safe route and explain to other students about their choice on the blackboard. Teacher reiterates on the safety points, and the holding of the younger child s hand, and praise students' good ideas. Teacher informs students that next class they will meet a traffic police officer who will tell them more details on a hazardous and safe route. Teacher asks students to prepare the questionnaire to ask the traffic police officer on safe and dangerous road (which road around the school is frequently affected by most traffic accidents? why do those roads have the most traffic accident? 1. 4 safe roads: Picture A, Picture D, Picture E, and Picture G. 2. It s the open questions, depending on the conditions of the roads from home to

12 Teacher s Manual: Grade 5 12 school of each student, such as the road might be small and narrow, crowded traffic, bending roads, no sidewalk, has white pads, has traffic lights and path etc. 3. It s the open questions, depends on the parents opinions and the road conditions. Usually the places that might have possible accidents are as: small and narrow roads, crowded traffic, bending, no sidewalk, curved, thick bushes, crossroads with no traffic lights etc.

13 Teacher s Manual: Grade 5 13 Lesson 8: Meeting with a Traffic Police Officer Describe the traffic accidents on the public roads Ask for help from the traffic police when crossing the roads Attitude: Always pay attention when traveling. Picture of road traffic accident. A. Review Previous Lesson: Teacher asks students to show their questionnaires they made from homes. Teacher introduces the traffic police officer to students. The officer explains briefly about his main activities. He then explains his experience in road traffic accidents (main causes of traffic accidents, locations, consequences, most vulnerable victims ). Police officer emphasizes on the frequently accidents affected locations around the school and gives main conditions of the safest routes. He also emphasizes on accidents to pedestrians and bikers caused by highspeed motorbikes and cars. Students question the officer with the questionnaire they prepared at homes. Teacher asks students to observe the car s speed of their parents or relatives while they are taking with them by asking the drivers to driver with speed limit 10km/h, 20km/h, 40km/h and 60km/h and take not the difference between those speeds. 1. The answers depend on the description of the traffic police. Students can write in short, in main points of this explanation. It is therefore, the teacher should take note on the description of the traffic police officer for an example to correct the students answers. 2. A) Driving in the speed limit of 20km/h means that we can drive up to 20km per hour. B) Driving in the speed limit of 10km/h, 20km/h, 40km/h and 60km/h are different; this means that, the higher the speed, the faster we are and the serous the accident is. Lesson 9: The Speed

14 Teacher s Manual: Grade 5 14 Understand that the higher the speed the serious the accident. Identify/determine the necessary distances the vehicles needed for stopping (varies to the speeds of vehicles). Attitude Always pay attention for traveling Picture 23: cars and pedestrians; Picture 24: Necessary distance needed for stopping A. Review Previous Lesson: Teacher asks students to demonstrate the differences between the speeds of vehicle: 20km/h, 40km/h and 60km/h. Teacher asks students to find out the difference of stopping between walking and running fast. Teachers shows example by asking students to walk and run and then ask them to stop immediately. Teacher stresses that we can t stop immediately when we run very fast. Teacher explains that vehicle (motor, car, and truck) travels even faster than we run, so the vehicles can t stop abruptly when the driver decided to brake to stop. The vehicle needs a certain distance since the driver decided to stop till it completely comes to a stop. The faster the speed, the longer the distance a vehicle needs before it stops completely. Teacher asks students if they have ever seen or heard any tire marks on a road. Then, teacher stresses that this mark was created by vehicles needed to stop immediately. Teacher shows and explains picture 24, showing the table for the necessary distance needed to stop the vehicles and explain to students. Teacher shows picture 23, and describes a car driving at 60km/h and another vehicle driving at 40km/h for which both vehicles need to stop immediately in time a child is running across the road. C. Group Discussion: Teacher divides students into groups and then answer the questions: 1. Identify the distances needed to stop the cars driving at 40 km/h, 60 km/h, and 80 km/h respectively. (The Answer is in the student s book page 19) 2. Which cars in picture 23 (one drives at 40km/h and another one drives at 60km/h) can stop in a distance of 20 m? 3. (A vehicle driving at 40km/h can stop, because it needs only 10m to stop but for a vehicle driving at 60km/h can not stop, because it needs 22meters to stop). Teacher corrects students' answers. Teacher asks students to remind their friends to pay attention whenever crossing the road, by waiting until the vehicles to pass before crossing. Teacher asks students to ask their parents about the safe and right place for riding a bicycle.

15 Teacher s Manual: Grade A) 50km/h needs 15m long B) 80km/h needs 40 m long 2. They have to wait till all vehicles left first before crossing the roads, because they are running at the speed of 40km/h, so they cannot stop within 8m long. 3. A) Phanna will get accident, hitting with a vehicle driving at 80km/h and that it cannot stop within 35m long. B) Phanna will have to wait until all cars left before he can take his bike across the road in order to avoid accidents. 4. Choose the right sentences: A and C.

16 Teacher s Manual: Grade 5 16 Lesson 10: Safe in riding a bike Describe the important parts of the bike that can be safe for riding; Identify the safe places to ride a bicycle Attitude Accustom of wearing helmet and reflective color while riding a bicycle; Picture 1 : the street; Picture 5 : playing in the safe playground; Picture 26: traffic signs for the cyclists. A. Review Previous Lesson: Teacher asks each group to show the results of their homework. Teacher stresses that children should ride bicycles far away from the road, where they are surrounded by fence, and wearing helmets. Teacher asks students to describe any bicycle accidents that they have ever met. Teacher summarizes students answers into three parts: (bike hitting with other vehicles, bike hitting with fixed object, vs. moving objects and bike falling alone). Teacher stresses that in case children need to ride a bicycle on the road to go to school; they have to ride on the right hand side of the road, and pay attention to the other vehicles and follow the adults instruction. Teacher shows picture 26 and explain according to its title below each of the traffic lights. C. Group Discussion: Teacher asks students in the group to discuss ways of reducing accidents when riding a bike (reducing speed, wearing helmets, use reflective object, respect traffic signs and traffic lights, should ride far from the road and check the bike before riding it). Teacher shows pictures 1, 5, and 26 as a hint for the group discussion. Teacher explains on how to check the bicycle (break, lights, wheels, bell, chain) and recommends children to ride a bike that suits their height (their feet can touch the ground when they sit on the saddle). Teacher asks students to describe things that are reflective at night (white, yellow, green, orange, golden, silver and other types of stickers). Teacher asks how the importance of the bright color is (it can help the other drives to see people using them easily (if the drivers did not see the pedestrians or the bikers, they won t brake or avoid, they will hit them)) Homework Teacher recommends students to wear helmets every time when driving motorbike or bike as well as checking the important parts before driving them.

17 Teacher s Manual: Grade A) Saddle B) Chain C) Brake D) Bell E) Inner tube F) Helmet I) Reflective object J) Right hand 2. The reflective objects can help the other drivers to see through in darkness. Examples of the reflective objects vary to each student s answers in the group. Teacher can correct the student s answers by asking students to display it inside the class.